GABA-B Receptor Agonists are a class of medications or substances that bind to and activate GABA-B receptors, which are G protein-coupled receptors found in the central nervous system. GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid) is the primary inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain, and its activation leads to decreased neuronal excitability and increased inhibition.

Cellyteproteiner som binder gammaaminosmörsyra och påverkar celler genom samverkan med G-proteiner. GABA-B-receptorer kännetecknas farmakologiskt av att de är okänsliga för blockeraren bikukullin och känsliga för agonisten L-baklofen. De uppträder både presynaptiskt och postsynaptiskt, med varierande verkan såsom hämmande av adenylatcyklas, aktivering av fosfolipas A2, aktivering av kaliumkanaler och inaktivering av spänningsaktiverade kalciumkanaler.

Ett GABA-derivat verksamt som specifik agonist vid GABA-B-receptorer. Medlet används vid behandling av spasticitet, särskilt sådan som är relaterad till ryggmärgsskada. Den terapeutiska effekten beror på verkan vid spinala och supraspinala punkter, vanligen som en minskad överföring av retningssignaler.

GABA-B receptor antagonists are a class of pharmaceutical compounds that block the activation of GABA-B receptors, which are inhibitory neurotransmitter receptors found in the central nervous system. These antagonists prevent the binding of the endogenous neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) to its receptor site, thereby inhibiting the downstream effects of GABA-B receptor activation, such as neuronal hyperpolarization and reduced neuronal excitability. GABA-B receptor antagonists have potential therapeutic applications in various neurological and psychiatric conditions, including but not limited to, chronic pain, epilepsy, and drug addiction.

Organofosforföreningar är en kemisk term som refererar till samtliga föreningar som innehåller minst en kovalent bunden fosforatom och en eller flera kolatom(er), vanligtvis i form av en fosfatester-bindning.

Tillstånd orsakat av nervgiftet MPTP, som ger upphov till selektiv förstörelses av nigrostriatala dopaminerga nervceller. Kliniska tecken är irreversibla parkinsonsymtom, som t ex stelhet och bradykinesi (sekundär parkinsonism). MPTP-förgiftning används även i djurmodeller för att studera Parkinsons sjukdom.

'Purinergic P1 Receptor Agonists' refererer til stoffer eller substanser som binder sig specifikt til purinergic P1-receptorer, herunder adenosinereceptorer (A1, A2A, A2B og A3), og aktiverer dem med det formål at udløse en biologisk respons. Disse agonister kan have forskellige farmakologiske effekter alt efter hvilken type receptor de binder til, herunder vasodilatation, inhibition af adenylatcyklasen og modulation af immuncellers funktion.

Serotonin receptor agonists are a class of medications that bind to and activate serotonin receptors in the body, mimicking the effects of the neurotransmitter serotonin. These drugs are used to treat various conditions such as migraines, cluster headaches, and psychiatric disorders, including depression and anxiety. Examples of serotonin receptor agonists include sumatriptan for migraines, ergotamine for cluster headaches, and buspirone for anxiety. It's important to note that some of these drugs have a higher affinity for certain serotonin receptors than others, leading to different therapeutic effects and side effect profiles.

Läkemedel som binder till och aktiverar dopaminreceptorer.

'Serotonin 5-HT1 Receptor Agonists' are a class of medications that selectively bind to and activate serotonin 5-HT1 receptors, leading to the modulation of various physiological functions such as neurotransmission, vasoconstriction, and hormone secretion. These agonists are used in clinical settings for the treatment of conditions such as migraine, cluster headaches, and psychiatric disorders. Examples include sumatriptan, rizatriptan, and ergotamine.

'Serotonin 5-HT2 Receptor Agonists' are a class of compounds that bind and activate the serotonin 5-HT2 receptors, leading to various pharmacological effects such as vasoconstriction, bronchodilation, and modulation of neurotransmission in the central nervous system. Examples include hallucinogenic drugs like LSD, as well as certain antimigraine medications and antipsychotics.

Adenosine A1 receptor agonists are a class of medications that bind to and activate the A1 subtype of adenosine receptors, which are found on the surface of certain cells in the body, including those in the heart, brain, and blood vessels. These drugs work by mimicking the effects of naturally occurring adenosine, a substance that helps regulate various bodily functions.

Läkemedel som binds till och aktiverar gamma-aminosmörsyrareceptorer.

Adenosine A2 receptor agonists are a class of medications that bind to and activate the A2 subtype of adenosine receptors, which are found on the surface of cells in various organs throughout the body. These receptors play an important role in regulating a number of physiological processes, including cardiovascular function, immune response, and neurological activity.

GABA-A Receptor Agonists are substances that bind to and activate the GABA-A receptors, which are ligand-gated chloride ion channels found in the central nervous system. GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid) is the primary inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain, and its activation via GABA-A receptors results in the opening of the chloride ion channel, leading to hyperpolarization of the neuron and a decrease in neuronal excitability.

Cannabinoid receptor agonists are substances that bind to and activate cannabinoid receptors, which are part of the endocannabinoid system in the human body. These receptors play a role in regulating various physiological processes such as pain, mood, memory, appetite, and immunity. Cannabinoid receptor agonists can be synthetic or naturally occurring compounds that mimic the effects of cannabinoids found in marijuana, such as THC (tetrahydrocannabinol) and CBD (cannabidiol). Examples of cannabinoid receptor agonists include dronabinol, nabilone, and rimonabant.

Serotonin 5-HT4 receptor agonists are a class of medications that selectively bind to and activate the serotonin 5-HT4 receptors, leading to various pharmacological effects such as increased gastrointestinal motility, improved cognitive function, and regulation of mood and affect.

En alkaloid från arekanöten (Areca catechu), som är frukten från ett palmträd.

Uppslagsböcker med informativa artiklar inom alla kunskapsfält (allmänna uppslagsverk), oftast med alfabetiskt ordnade uppslagsord eller ämnesord, eller uppslagsverk inom ett speciellt ämnesområde. Syn. uppslagsböcker; uppslagsverk.

Organisk kemi handlar om studiet av kol-baserade föreningar, som ofta innehåller väte, syre, kväve, svavel, och halogener, och kan ha varierande komplexitet i deras struktur och funktion. Många organiska föreningar är biologiskt betydelsefulla, såsom kolhydrater, proteiner, lipider och nukleinsyror.

Ett litet släkte ostindiska palmträd, vars löv och nötter ger arekolin. Såväl blad som nötter har använts i traditionell medicin.

In organic chemistry, a 'phenomenon' could refer to an observable event or trend related to the behavior or properties of organic compounds. This could include, for example, patterns in reactivity, structural relationships, or physical properties that are characteristic of certain classes of organic molecules. These phenomena can often be explained by underlying principles and theories in organic chemistry, such as electron distribution, molecular orbitals, and reaction mechanisms. Understanding these phenomena is crucial for predicting the behavior of organic compounds and designing new synthetic methods.

NLMs (National Library of Medicine, USA) utvidgade informationstjänst för medicnska yrkesutövare och allmänheten. Tjänsten, som är webbaserad, har en omfattande länkning till informationskällor för sjukdomstillstånd och hälsofrågor.

En (schematisk) beräkningsmetod bestående av en serie algebraiska formler och/eller logiska steg för lösning av ett givet problem.