"Plant Somatic Embryogenesis Techniques" refer to the scientific methods used to induce and produce embryos from plant somatic cells, which are not involved in sexual reproduction. This process involves the conversion of a single cell or a group of cells into an embryo-like structure that can develop into a mature plant. The techniques often involve the use of plant growth regulators, specific culture conditions, and stress treatments to stimulate embryogenesis. These methods are widely used in plant biotechnology for various applications such as clonal propagation, genetic transformation, and conservation of endangered species.

Perenn växt (Cichorium intybus) av familjen Asteraceae med kraftig rot och ljusblå blommor. De unga bladen används som salladsblad, och den torkade, rostade och malda roten används som kaffesubstitut.