Chemokines. Medical search. Frequent questions

Chemokines have been classified into four main subfamilies: CXC, CC, CX3C and C. All of these proteins exert their biological effects by interacting with G protein-linked transmembrane receptors called chemokine receptors, that are selectively found on the surfaces of their target cells. (wikipedia.org)
Among other homeostatic chemokine receptors include: CCR9, CCR10, and CXCR5, which are important as part of the cell addresses for tissue-specific homing of leukocytes. (wikipedia.org)
Chemokines receptors are seven transmembrane spanning G protein-coupled receptors that allow cells to migrate towards increasing chemokine gradients. (biolegend.com)
Specific chemokine receptors are often required to gain entry (or exit) from certain organs and tissues like the thymus and bone marrow. (biolegend.com)
Information on how arrestins and RGS act on chemokine receptors and signalling is scarce, and reports are incomplete and/or controversial. (europa.eu)
This project aims to study the desensitisation of the chemokine receptors CCR2 and CCR5 in hematopoietic cells using a multidisciplinary approach. (europa.eu)
In particular, the CXC family of chemokines are active as monomers, homodimers, and heterodimers, with binding affinities for multiple CXC G-protein-coupled receptors. (hawaii.edu)
This indicates the chemokine network has evolved both its specificity and promiscuity to finetune the delicate interplay between ligands and receptors. (hawaii.edu)
The blockade of Th1 chemokine receptors using TAK-779, a dual blocker for CXCR3 and CCR5, demonstrated reduced numbers of CXCR3 + CD4 + and CCR5 + CD4 + T cells in BALF. (ersjournals.com)
Chemokines interact with their receptors in a stepwise manner with ultimate docking of their N-terminus into the main binding pocket. (ku.dk)
This process is mediated by chemokines, which guide cell migration by binding to their specific receptors. (confex.com)
These dying cells turn up expression of their CCR5 chemokine receptors even as the cells are about to be engulfed by macrophages. (rupress.org)
The identity of signaling mediators that link stimulation of chemokine receptors to pathways that promote T cell polarization and migration remains poorly understood. (duke.edu)
We have uncovered a novel signaling network whereby Abl kinases, through the phosphorylation of the adaptor protein HEF1, modulate the activity of the Rap1 GTPase downstream of chemokine receptors (model Figure 3) . (duke.edu)
ACKR4 is one of more than 20 distinct chemokine receptors expressed in human leukocytes. (guidetopharmacology.org)
Previous studies have established the role of various chemokine ligands and receptors at the lesional site in psoriasis . (bvsalud.org)
CXCR receptors that are specific for CHEMOKINE CXCL16. (bvsalud.org)

Cytokine proteins are classified as chemokines according to behavior and structural characteristics. (wikipedia.org)
The Periodic Table of Cytokine and Chemokine Families poster includes members of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) superfamily, and cytokines belonging to the different families of interleukins, interferons, and chemokines. (rndsystems.com)
MIP-3β (macrophage inflammatory protein-3-beta ), also known as (Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 19 (CCL19) and EBI1 ligand chemokine (ELC) is a small cytokine belonging to the CC chemokine family. (quanterix.com)
Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 21 (CCL21) is a small cytokine belonging to the CC chemokine family. (creativebiomart.net)
We selected most pathways Ccl21a participated on our site, such as Cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, Chemokine signaling pathway, NF-kappa B signaling pathway, which may be useful for your reference. (creativebiomart.net)
These results demonstrated expression of several cytokine, chemokine and inflammasome genes were impacted by vitamin D supplementation in the first 7 months of life, with IL-8 expression particularly responsive to vitamin D. Overall, vitamin D supplementation induced differential innate immune responses of blood immune cells that could have important implications for disease susceptibility in cattle. (inrae.fr)
In summary, ODE-induced NOD2 expression is directly dependent on NF-KB signaling, and NOD2 is a negative regulator of complex, organic dust-induced inflammatory cytokine/chemokine production in mononuclear phagocytes. (cdc.gov)
Chemokine/cytokine responses in immune complex triggered IFN-α activity was studied in healthy donor peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). (lu.se)

With occult O. volvulus infection, serum levels of pro-inflammatory chemokines MCP-1/CCL2, MIP-1α/CCL3, MIP-1β/CCL4, MPIF-1/CCL23 and CXCL8/IL-8 enhanced and approached higher concentrations as determined in infection-free controls, whilst regulatory and Th2-type cytokines and chemokines MCP-4/CCL13, MIP-1δ/CCL15, TARC/CCL17 and IL-13 lessened. (nih.gov)
Once at the site of injury, immune cells can react by releasing additional cytokines and chemokines, bringing more cells into the fold. (biolegend.com)
Neuromyelitis optica (NMO) is assumed to be immunologically distinct from multiple sclerosis (MS). Adequate studies about cytokines and chemokines in NMO have been lacking. (nih.gov)
ELISA confirmed that levels of CXCL9 and CXCL10 as well as Th1 cytokines and chemokines including TNF-α and IFN-γ were elevated in BALF. (ersjournals.com)

Inflammatory chemokines function mainly as chemoattractants for leukocytes, recruiting monocytes, neutrophils and other effector cells from the blood to sites of infection or tissue damage. (wikipedia.org)
Certain inflammatory chemokines activate cells to initiate an immune response or promote wound healing. (wikipedia.org)
These chemokines also have a more diverse range of functions compared to inflammatory chemokines. (biolegend.com)
In the event of infection, injury, or tissue damage, inflammatory chemokines are often released to address the problem. (biolegend.com)
Many inflammatory chemokines attract a wide variety of cells in both the innate and adaptive arms of immunity. (biolegend.com)

Their homeostatic function in homing is best exemplified by the chemokines CCL19 and CCL21 (expressed within lymph nodes and on lymphatic endothelial cells) and their receptor CCR7 (expressed on cells destined for homing in cells to these organs). (wikipedia.org)
We tracked migration of dendritic cells towards immobilized gradients of the chemokine CCL21 and varying superimposed soluble gradients of CCL19. (nature.com)
Once in the lymph node, the cells experience a second chemokine, (C-C motif) ligand19 (CCL19), which interacts with the same receptor (C-C chemokine receptor 7, CCR7) but interacts only weakly with sugars. (nature.com)
Although CCRL1 binds chemokines CCL19, CCL21 and CCL25 with high affinity, these chemokines are interanlised by the receptor and there is no known activation of intracellular signalling pathways. (guidetopharmacology.org)

In addition to being known for mediating chemotaxis, chemokines are all approximately 8-10 kilodaltons in mass and have four cysteine residues in conserved locations that are key to forming their 3-dimensional shape. (wikipedia.org)
Chemokines are a class of cytokines that induce chemotaxis (migration) of target cells. (biolegend.com)
While some chemotaxis is induced by inflammation or damaged cells, other chemokines function in homeostasis. (biolegend.com)
Summarized, we show that the interaction of the tail of CCL21 with polysialic acid is needed for strong ERK signaling, whereas it impairs CCL21-mediated chemotaxis and has no impact on receptor docking consistent with the current model of chemokine:receptor interaction. (ku.dk)
Chemokines primarily act to promote leukocyte chemotaxis to sites of inflammation. (guidetopharmacology.org)
Chemokines are believed to be the main players mediating the chemotaxis of leucocytes to the lesional site. (bvsalud.org)

Interferon-inducible T-cell alpha chemoattractant (ITAC), also known as CXCL11 (C-X-C motif chemokine 11), is a protein found in several organs including the pancreas, liver, thymus, spleen, and lung. (quanterix.com)

Chemokines (from Ancient Greek χῠμείᾱ (khumeíā) 'alchemy', and κῑ́νησῐς (kī́nēsis) 'movement'), or chemotactic cytokines, are a family of small cytokines or signaling proteins secreted by cells that induce directional movement of leukocytes, as well as other cell types, including endothelial and epithelial cells. (wikipedia.org)
The final columns in the poster show proteins belonging to one of the four chemokine subfamilies. (rndsystems.com)
The chemokines are small, signaling proteins responsible for leukocyte recruitment through concentration gradient driven responses for inflammatory diseases such as tissue damage or sun burn, tumor suppression and regulation, and obesity from insulin resistance. (hawaii.edu)
Now, the Boston team shows that some of these chemokine proteins are mopped up by apoptotic cells. (rupress.org)

CONCLUSIONS: High plasma concentrations of chemokines (monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, RANTES, MIG, IP-10, and eotaxin) and chemoattractant cytokines (IL8 and IL17) were found in the lumen of human cerebral aneurysms. (duke.edu)
Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1, also called chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2, CCL2) is a chemokine that recruits monocytes, memory T cells, and dendritic cells to the sites of inflammation produced by either tissue injury or infection. (quanterix.com)
In this study we show that the human mast cell leukemia line HMC-1 is a source of multiple chemokines, including I-309, monocyte chemoattractant protein 1, macrophage inflammatory protein-1 alpha, macrophage inflammatory protein-1 beta, RANTES, and interleukin-8. (duke.edu)

After having captured antigen in non-lymphoid tissues, DCs migrate along immobilized gradients of the high affinity sugar-binding chemokine (C-C motif) ligand21 (CCL21) towards lymphatic vessels, from where they are flushed into the sinus of lymph nodes. (nature.com)
The levels of several chemokines were significantly higher in intervillous compared to peripheral blood, including macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), CXCL10, and CCL25, whereas CCL21, CCL27 and CXCL12 were lower. (frontiersin.org)
CCL21 elicits its effects by binding to a cell surface chemokine receptor known as CCR7. (creativebiomart.net)

These are known as homeostatic chemokines and are produced and secreted without any need to stimulate their source cells. (wikipedia.org)
Basal: homeostatic chemokines are basal produced in the thymus and lymphoid tissues. (wikipedia.org)
Homeostatic chemokines are constitutively expressed in particular organs or tissues. (biolegend.com)
Due to their function of targeting cells to specific organs, homeostatic chemokines can also be involved in cancer and metastasis. (biolegend.com)

We measured 27 cytokines/chemokines and Th17 cell-associated cytokines in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of 31 NMO, 29 MS and 18 other non-inflammatory neurological disorders patients. (nih.gov)
Extracted cerebrospinal fluid from the patients and detected its concentration levels of C-X3-C motif chemokine ligand 1, C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 1, C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8 and C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 of both groups, compared the concentration levels, the adverse drug reactions and clinical effects of both groups. (ijpsonline.com)
After treatment, the concentration levels of cerebrospinal fluid chemokines C-X3-C motif chemokine ligand 1, C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 1, C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8 and C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 decreased in both groups. (ijpsonline.com)
For patients with neuropathic pain, pregabalin treatment can reduce the chemokines in cerebrospinal fluid of patients and significantly relieve patient's pain. (ijpsonline.com)

We also identify a molecular switch in the top of TM7 important for keeping CCR7 in an inactive conformation (Tyr312), as introduction of the chemokine receptor-conserved Glu (or Ala) induces high constitutive activity. (ku.dk)
It is expressed at high levels in the lymph nodes, thymus and appendix, and elicits its effects on its target cells by binding to the chemokine receptor chemokine receptor CCR7. (quanterix.com)

Chemokines contain several (usually four) cysteines in conserved positions. (biolegend.com)
These cysteines provide tertiary structure for the chemokine through disulfide bonds. (biolegend.com)
The spacing between the first two cysteines determines the type of chemokine. (biolegend.com)
Group of chemokines with paired cysteines separated by a different amino acid. (umassmed.edu)
This chemokine is also known as 6Ckine (because it has six conserved cysteine residues instead of the four cysteines typical to chemokines), exodus-2, and secondary lymphoid-tissue chemokine (SLC). (creativebiomart.net)

The serum levels of some cytokines/ chemokines were also measured. (nih.gov)
In this study, we have compared the serum levels of various chemokines , namely, inducible protein -10 (IP-10) (CXCL10), MCP-1 (CCL-2), monokine induced by gamma interferon (MIG) (CXCL-9), RANTES (CCL5), interleukin (IL)-8, and eotaxin in patients with chronic plaque psoriasis with that of healthy controls. (bvsalud.org)

Researchers discover a completely novel mechanism of cell signaling involving soluble chemokines and their transmembrane equivalents. (the-scientist.com)

CXC chemokines are chemoattractants for neutrophils but not monocytes. (umassmed.edu)
Chemokines act as chemoattractants for leukocytes directing them toward sites of tissue inflammation. (duke.edu)

IFN-γ-inducible protein 10 (IP-10, CXCL10) is a 10 kDa chemokine secreted from cells stimulated with type I and II interferons (IFNs) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS). (quanterix.com)

Salmonella enterica Typhimurium SipA induces CXC-chemokine expression through p38MAPK and JUN pathways. (umassmed.edu)
Infection with cagA positive H pylori induces greater gastric chemokine mRNA expression in the antral mucosa, which may be relevant to the increased mucosal damage associated with cagA positive H pylori infection. (bmj.com)

The chemokines are a large group of cytokines that are recognized to be important mediators of inflammation. (duke.edu)

Transcriptomic analysis in unstimulated whole blood cells revealed increased expression of type I interferons and chemokines in vitamin D supplemented calves, while IL-1 and inflammasome gene expression was decreased. (inrae.fr)
In contrast, a decreased chemokine gene expression signature was found in response to R848 in supplemented animals, with decreased IL-8 protein expression exhibited in response to all PAMPs also found. (inrae.fr)
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a chemokine stimulus. (planteome.org)

Amplification of the chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5) Δ32 locus in white patients. (cdc.gov)
CCR5 is important because it binds several key chemokines-"the lion's share of the chemokines at a site of inflammation," says Serhan. (rupress.org)
If CCR5 was knocked out or antagonized, however, fluid from resolving infections had higher chemokine levels. (rupress.org)

In order to delineate the homing patterns of distinct NK cell subsets, we used high-dimensional flow cytometry combined with functional assays to map the NK cell chemokine receptor expression and migratory behavior. (confex.com)
To determine whether the observed differences in chemokine receptor expression translate into altered chemokine responsiveness between the subsets, we combined the transwell system with multicolor flow cytometry. (confex.com)
The serum chemokine levels were measured by flow cytometry -based bead array set system. (bvsalud.org)

Chemokine signaling is essential for T lymphocyte trafficking during homeostasis and in response to inflammation. (duke.edu)

Some chemokines are considered pro-inflammatory and can be induced during an immune response to recruit cells of the immune system to a site of infection, while others are considered homeostatic and are involved in controlling the migration of cells during normal processes of tissue maintenance or development. (wikipedia.org)
Other chemokines are inflammatory and are released from a wide variety of cells in response to bacterial infection, viruses and agents that cause physical damage such as silica or the urate crystals that occur in gout. (wikipedia.org)
To investigate the effect of residual adult filaria on the immune response profile, chemokines and cytokines were quantified 1) in onchocerciasis patients who developed an occult O. volvulus infection (Mf-negative) due to repeated ivermectin treatments, 2) patients who became Mf-negative without ivermectin treatments due to missing re-infection, and 3) endemic and non-endemic O. volvulus Mf-negative controls. (nih.gov)
The TWiV team covers outbreaks of eastern equine encephalitis virus in the US and poliovirus in the Philippines, and explain how a chemokine induced by HIV-1 infection helps release more virus particles from cells. (virology.ws)
CONCLUSIONS: In H pylori infection, C-X-C chemokines may play a primary role in active gastritis. (bmj.com)

Despite evidence suggesting that in vivo chemokines are often immobilized to sugar residues, limited information is available how cells respond to immobilized chemokines. (nature.com)
For chemokines binding with high affinity to sugar residues, immobilization can even lead to the formation of stable solid phase gradients, which induce a variant of haptotaxis 9 . (nature.com)
Importantly, the amino-terminal domain of SDF-1alpha which is required for binding to, and activation of, CXCR4 remains exposed after binding to HS and is recognized by a neutralizing monoclonal antibody directed against the first residues of the chemokine. (pasteur.fr)

As a proof of principle we study the response of dendritic cells to their major guidance cues, chemokines. (nature.com)
The best understood example for the significance of immobilized vs. soluble chemokine gradients is the trafficking of dendritic cells (DCs). (nature.com)

In addition to playing a major role in the activation of host immune responses, chemokines are important for biological processes, including morphogenesis and wound healing, as well as in the pathogenesis of diseases like cancers. (wikipedia.org)
Although it is conceivable that cells can equally respond to gradients of soluble and/or immobilized chemokines, almost all cell biological information available about-gradient sensing is based on in vitro studies employing soluble gradients. (nature.com)
Biological properties of chemokines are believed to be influenced by their association with glycosaminoglycans. (pasteur.fr)

The major role of chemokines is to act as a chemoattractant to guide the migration of cells. (wikipedia.org)
Chemokines are functionally divided into two groups: Homeostatic: are constitutively produced in certain tissues and are responsible for basal leukocyte migration. (wikipedia.org)
The main function of chemokines is to manage the migration of leukocytes (homing) in the respective anatomical locations in inflammatory and homeostatic processes. (wikipedia.org)
The prevailing paradigm of chemokine function is that spatial diffusion-based gradients of chemokines induce polarization and directed migration of the responding cells towards the chemokine source 5 . (nature.com)
We found that the chemokine-induced migration capability of NK cells correlated closely with the expression level of corresponding chemokine receptor, leading to subset specific responses to various chemokine gradients (D). (confex.com)
We have identified new roles for the Abl kinases in the regulation of chemokine-induced T cell migration (Figure 1) and polarization (Figure 2) . (duke.edu)
Thus, disruption of chemokine-activated Abl-HEF1-Rap1 signaling with Abl kinase inhibitors may be exploited to effectively impair migration and invasion by both T cells and cancer cells. (duke.edu)

Our results suggest that human mast cells may be a source of multiple chemokines, that glucocorticoids may inhibit the expression of only a subset of these chemokines, and that mast cells and T-cell chemokine expression may occur via distinct regulatory pathways. (duke.edu)

These functions of CXC chemokines are important in the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis and other fibroproliferative disorders. (jci.org)
In this Review, we discuss the biology of CXC chemokine family members, specifically as it relates to their role in regulating vascular remodeling and trafficking of circulating mesenchymal progenitor cells (also known as fibrocytes) in pulmonary fibrosis. (jci.org)
Acute alcohol intoxication suppresses the pulmonary ELR-negative CXC chemokine response to lipopolysaccharide. (umassmed.edu)

Chemotactic cytokines or chemokines play pivotal roles in various processes such as immune surveillance, organ development, angiogenesis, and immune responses. (biolegend.com)

The majority of data on chemokine gradient sensing is based on in vitro studies employing soluble gradients. (nature.com)
Beyond chemokines our approach is broadly applicable to alternative systems of chemo- and haptotaxis such as cells migrating along gradients of adhesion receptor ligands vs. any soluble cue. (nature.com)

Circulating levels of chemokines in patients with psoriasis vulgaris and their association with disease severity: A case-control study from North India. (bvsalud.org)

The CXC chemokine family is a pleiotropic family of cytokines that are involved in promoting the trafficking of various leukocytes, in regulating angiogenesis and vascular remodeling, and in promoting the mobilization and trafficking of mesenchymal progenitor cells such as fibrocytes. (jci.org)
While mesenchymal and epithelial cells are dominated by adhesive interactions the amoeboid crawling of leukocytes is largely controlled by guidance cues of the chemokine family 3 , 4 . (nature.com)

Chemokine mRNA expression in gastric mucosa is associated with Helicobacter pylori cagA positivity and severity of gastritis. (bmj.com)
AIM: To investigate the association between the quantity of gastric chemokine mRNA expression, severity of gastritis, and cagA positivity in Helicobacter pylori associated gastritis. (bmj.com)
RESULTS: mRNA expression of all five chemokines was significantly greater in H pylori positive than in H pylori negative mucosa. (bmj.com)
In H pylori positive patients, in the antrum C-X-C chemokine mRNA expression was significantly greater in cagA positive patients than in cagA negative patients, but there were no significant differences in C-C chemokine mRNA expression. (bmj.com)
In H pylori positive patients, chemokine mRNA expression in the corpus was less than in the antrum. (bmj.com)
Polymorphonuclear cell infiltration was correlated with C-X-C chemokine mRNA expression. (bmj.com)
Significant correlations were also found between bacterial density and C-X-C chemokine mRNA expression. (bmj.com)

CXCR3 chemokine receptor-ligand interactions in the lymph node optimize CD4+ T helper 1 cell differentiation. (umassmed.edu)

Expression profiling of chemokines, especially those involved in inflammation and immune disorders, is important in achieving a deeper understanding of disease states. (biolegend.com)
Interestingly, CCR1 and CXCR6 were expressed mainly on less differentiated NKG2A+ CD56dim NK cells (B). Next, we stratified the chemokine receptor expression on mature KIR+ NK cells based on the expression of self (educated) or non-self KIR (uneducated). (confex.com)
The present results show that peripheral blood NK cell chemokine receptor profile changes in a coordinated fashion during NK cell differentiation and is further influenced by the expression of self-specific KIR. (confex.com)
Scholars@Duke publication: Expression of multiple chemokine genes by a human mast cell leukemia. (duke.edu)
We compared the effects of anti-inflammatory glucocorticoids on the expression of chemokine genes in HMC-1 to their effects in activated T-cells. (duke.edu)

Such interactions restrict chemokine distribution and thereby can shape gradients. (nature.com)

Chemokines work through concentration gradients. (biolegend.com)
However, the scarce information available for in vivo chemokine gradients suggests that the situation is often more complex and that chemokines are unlikely to distribute by free diffusion only. (nature.com)

Inter-assay Precision (Precision between assays): 3 samples with low, middle and high level Chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 7 ( CXCL7) were tested on 3 different plates, 8 replicates in each plate. (uscnk.com)

Scholars@Duke publication: Localized increase of chemokines in the lumen of human cerebral aneurysms. (duke.edu)

We have characterized the T cell composition and chemokine profile in paired intervillous and peripheral blood samples from healthy mothers giving birth following term pregnancies. (frontiersin.org)

The correlations between clinical characteristics/laboratory findings and levels of cytokines/chemokines in NMO were examined. (nih.gov)
However, phorbol ester treatment up-regulates these and other chemokine transcript levels and also up-regulates chemokine protein synthesis and secretion. (duke.edu)
We also studied whether the chemokine levels varied within different patient groups based on various clinical and demographic parameters , and if any of these chemokines correlated with disease activity. (bvsalud.org)
A subgroup analysis was also done to study the correlation of chemokine levels with age, sex , duration, and severity of disease . (bvsalud.org)
The major limitation of the study is lack of data on the lesional chemokine levels compared to serum chemokines . (bvsalud.org)
Levels of chemokines/cytokines and galectin-9 were measured by immunoassays. (lu.se)

On episode #356 of the science show This Week in Virology, Stephanie joins the super professors to discuss the gut virome of children with serious malnutrition, caterpillar genes acquired from parasitic wasps, and the effect of adding chemokines to a simian immunodeficiency virus DNA vaccine. (virology.ws)

Some chemokines control cells of the immune system during processes of immune surveillance, such as directing lymphocytes to the lymph nodes so they can screen for invasion of pathogens by interacting with antigen-presenting cells residing in these tissues. (wikipedia.org)

Attracted cells move toward areas of higher concentrations of the chemokine. (biolegend.com)
The results show, that the CXCL chemokines folds and self-associates into homodimers that can activate a membrane bound CXC Receptor, at concentrations above 20 M. Interestingly, the tested CXC ligands display different native circular dichroism spectrum and have stability DG values from 5 to 20 kcal/mol. (hawaii.edu)
METHODS: The concentrations of chemokines and other inflammatory molecules in blood samples drawn from the lumen of human cerebral aneurysms of 16 consecutive patients (harboring 18 aneurysms) were compared with blood samples from the femoral arteries of the same patients. (duke.edu)

Chemoattractant cytokines ('chemokines') are immune system messengers that can alter the therapeutic and abuse-related effects of opioids and stimulants. (iasp-pain.org)

Cells that are attracted by chemokines follow a signal of increasing chemokine concentration towards the source of the chemokine. (wikipedia.org)
The linearity of the kit was assayed by testing samples spiked with appropriate concentration of Chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 7 ( CXCL7) and their serial dilutions. (uscnk.com)
Les numérations plaquettaire et leucocytaire ainsi que la concentration en cytokines (IL-2R, IL-8 et TNF-) ont été me- surées. (who.int)

Quantities of chemokine (IL-8, GRO alpha, ENA-78, RANTES, MCP-1) RT-PCR products were compared with G3PDH products. (bmj.com)

Lymphatic vessels grow towards two chemokines, revealing signals that could be important in cancer metastasis. (the-scientist.com)

Chemokines are secretory cytokines able to attract migratory cells. (europa.eu)

Anatomy35

Organisms5

Diseases5

Chemicals and Drugs96

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment13

Phenomena and Processes22

Disciplines and Occupations1

Information Science2

Receptors17

Cytokine8

Cytokines and chemokines4

Inflammatory chemokines5

CCL194

Chemotaxis6

Motif chemokine 111

Proteins4

Monocyte3

CCL213

Homeostatic chemokines4

Cerebrospinal fluid4

CCR72

Cysteines5

Serum levels2

Transmembrane1

Chemoattractants2

CXCL101

Induces2

Mediators1

Gene3

CCR53

Flow cytometry3

Homeostasis1

Infection5

Residues3

Dendritic cells2

Biological3

Migration7

Subset1

Pulmonary3

Chemotactic1

Soluble2

Circulating1

Leukocytes2

MRNA7

CXCR31

Expression5

Interactions1

Gradients2

Assays1

Scholars@Duke1

Peripheral blood1

Levels6

Genes1

Tissues1

Concentrations3

Immune system1

Concentration3

RANTES1

Lymphatic1

Migratory1