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CholestasisCholestasis, IntrahepaticBile Ducts, ExtrahepaticCholestasis, ExtrahepaticBile DuctsBile Duct NeoplasmsBiliary AtresiaCholagogues and CholereticsLiverUrsodeoxycholic AcidBile Ducts, Intrahepatic1-NaphthylisothiocyanateBile Acids and SaltsBiliary TractBilirubinCholangiocarcinomaBileJaundice, NeonatalJaundice, ObstructiveBile CanaliculiHepatic Duct, CommonJaundiceLiver Function TestsCholangitisCommon Bile DuctLiver DiseasesPruritusLigationP-GlycoproteinsLiver NeoplasmsLiver Cirrhosis, BiliaryBiliary Tract NeoplasmsHypertension, PortalPortal VeinTaurochenodeoxycholic AcidKlatskin's TumorHepatocytesCholangiographyEthinyl EstradiolHepatitisAdenoma, Bile DuctPortoenterostomy, HepaticLithocholic AcidBiliary Tract DiseasesCholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic RetrogradeHepatectomyCholic AcidPortographyPregnancy ComplicationsAlagille SyndromeHyperbilirubinemiaColeusPortal SystemBiliary Tract Surgical ProceduresATP-Binding Cassette TransportersGallbladder NeoplasmsBile Duct DiseasesHepatic ArteryGallbladderLiver CirrhosisImino AcidsCitrullinemiaInfant, NewbornGallstonesPortasystemic Shunt, SurgicalCholecystectomyDrug-Induced Liver InjuryCholangitis, SclerosingOrganic Anion Transportersgamma-GlutamyltransferaseCarcinoma, HepatocellularTaurocholic AcidCholedochal CystRetrospective StudiesOrganic Anion Transporters, Sodium-DependentLipoprotein-XNorethandroloneArthrogryposisDothiepinParenteral NutritionLiver FailureCommon Bile Duct NeoplasmsSulfobromophthaleinAlanine TransaminaseCholic AcidsBiopsyTaurolithocholic AcidGlycochenodeoxycholic AcidParenteral Nutrition, TotalTreatment OutcomeCholelithiasisEsophageal and Gastric VaricesPregnanetriolAlkaline PhosphataseSplenic VeinAspartate AminotransferasesChenodeoxycholic AcidCholangiopancreatography, Magnetic ResonanceDisease Models, AnimalEpichlorohydrin

ObstructionNeonatal cholestasisJaundiceHepatocellularPortosystemic shuntsHepatomegalyCirrhosisFamilial IntrahepaticExcretionFibrosisGeneticallyDeficiencyInfantsDisordersSymptomsInflammationUltrasoundOccursFlow of bileProgressiveDistalSyndromePregnancyGallstonesSecretionMetabolic

Obstruction12

• The clinical setting of cholestasis or failure of biliary flow may be due to biliary obstruction by mechanical means or by metabolic factors in the hepatic cells. (medscape.com)
• For the sake of simplicity, the primary focus of this article is mechanical causes of biliary obstruction, further separating them into intrahepatic and extrahepatic causes. (medscape.com)
• Extrahepatic obstruction to the flow of bile may occur within the ducts or secondary to external compression. (medscape.com)
• Gallbladder and bile duct tumors can cause extrahepatic biliary obstruction. (merckmanuals.com)
• Chronic hepatitis caused by inherited copper toxicosis (Copper toxicosis, CT) was compared to chronic hepatitis of unknown etiology (CH). These two were compared to liver failure due to chronic extrahepatic bile duct obstruction (extra hepatic cholestasis, EC). (vin.com)
• is obstruction of the biliary tree due to progressive sclerosis of the extrahepatic bile duct. (msdmanuals.com)
• Extrahepatic cholestasis results from the mechanical obstruction to large bile ducts outside the liver or within the porta hepatis. (gpnotebook.com)
• Inflammatory scarring or obstruction of extrahepatic ducts. (labpedia.net)
• It excludes extrahepatic obstruction. (labpedia.net)
• Extrahepatic obstruction. (labpedia.net)
• It is seen in extrahepatic obstruction. (labpedia.net)
• Impairment of bile flow due to obstruction in small bile ducts (INTRAHEPATIC CHOLESTASIS) or obstruction in large bile ducts (EXTRAHEPATIC CHOLESTASIS). (bvsalud.org)

Neonatal cholestasis3

• Neonatal cholestasis (conditions with decreased bile flow) is caused by both intrahepatic and extrahepatic diseases. (mhmedical.com)
• Characteristic clinical features of intrahepatic and extrahepatic neonatal cholestasis. (mhmedical.com)
• A specific cause can be identified in about 60%-80% of cases, the remainder being labeled as idiopathic neonatal hepatitis or transient neonatal cholestasis. (mhmedical.com)

Jaundice4

• The disease may cause cholestasis, but jaundice is not present in all cases. (vin.com)
• Etiology references Cholestasis is failure of bilirubin secretion, resulting in conjugated hyperbilirubinemia and jaundice. (msdmanuals.com)
• Because TSBA concentrations are a more sensitive indicator of cholestasis than total bilirubin, measuring TSBA concentration is redundant in animals with nonhemolytic jaundice. (merckvetmanual.com)
• Cholestasis is bile formation and/or bile flow impairment that manifests as fatigue, pruritus and jaundice. (mims.com)

Hepatocellular4

• The condition was inherited in an autosomal recessive manner and was characterized by hepatocellular cholestasis. (medscape.com)
• BSEP is the major canalicular bile acid pump, and thus the loss of BSEP function results in severe hepatocellular cholestasis. (medscape.com)
• Conjugated hyperbilirubinemia is usually due to hepatocellular injury or cholestasis, intrahepatic or extrahepatic. (labpedia.net)
• Extrahepatic cholestasis develops from mechanical blockage in the duct system or hepatocellular defects. (mims.com)

Portosystemic shunts1

• Insufficient hepatic mass or portal circulation deviated to the systemic circulation via extrahepatic portosystemic shunts (congenital or acquired) or microscopic shunting within the liver (congenital microvascular dysplasia) causes high TSBA concentrations. (merckvetmanual.com)

Hepatomegaly2

• Physical examination should be used to screen for hepatomegaly, splenomegaly and extrahepatic signs of advanced liver disease. (pbc-society.ca)
• Children younger than age one year have a history of low birth weight with growth restriction and transient intrahepatic cholestasis, hepatomegaly, diffuse fatty liver, and parenchymal cellular infiltration associated with hepatic fibrosis, variable liver dysfunction, hypoproteinemia, decreased coagulation factors, hemolytic anemia, and/or hypoglycemia. (nih.gov)

Cirrhosis1

• Progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis (PFIC) is a class of chronic cholestasis disorders that begin in infancy and usually progress to cirrhosis within the first decade of life. (medscape.com)

Familial Intrahepatic2

• Progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis (PFIC) is a class of chronic cholestasis disorders that comprises a variety of genetic diseases. (medscape.com)
• These terms now have been superseded by the term progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis . (medscape.com)

Excretion2

• Cholestasis is a sequel of most parenchymal liver diseases, and may cause a reduced biliary copper excretion and secondary copper accumulation. (vin.com)
• Cholestasis is a disease characterized by a decrease in the intake of bile in the duodenum due to a violation of its excretion, formation or excretion. (thesillycircus.com)

Fibrosis2

• Chronic cases may also develop some fibrosis in the portal areas, and the chronic cholestasis may result in proliferation of bile ductules. (vin.com)
• These "reactive" biliary epithelial cells in cholestasis, unlike normal condition, produce and secrete various cytokines such as CCL-2 or MCP-1, Tumor necrosis factor (TNF), Interleukin-6 (IL-6), TGF-beta, Endothelin (ET), and nitric oxide (NO). Among these, TGF-beta is the most important profibrogenic cytokine that can be seen in liver fibrosis in chronic cholestasis. (findmeacure.com)

Genetically1

• Cholestasis symptoms often […] The symptoms develop from a reversible form of hormonally triggered cholestasis that typically develops in genetically predisposed individuals. (thesillycircus.com)

Deficiency1

• Citrin deficiency can manifest in newborns or infants as neonatal intrahepatic cholestasis caused by citrin deficiency (NICCD), in older children as failure to thrive and dyslipidemia caused by citrin deficiency (FTTDCD), and in adults as recurrent hyperammonemia with neuropsychiatric symptoms in citrullinemia type II (CTLN2). (nih.gov)

Infants2

• Cholestasis occurs in 1/2500 full-term infants. (msdmanuals.com)
• Patients with intrahepatic cholestasis frequently appear ill and fail to thrive, whereas infants with extrahepatic cholestasis (biliary atresia [BA]) typically do not appear ill, have stools that are usually completely acholic, and have an enlarged, firm liver. (mhmedical.com)

Disorders2

• may result from extrahepatic or intrahepatic disorders, although some conditions overlap. (msdmanuals.com)
• Cholestasis is a condition in which the flow of bile is impaired, which can lead to disorders of the liver, bile duct or pancreas. (thesillycircus.com)

Symptoms3

• A healthy diet during pregnancy is not only critical for your baby's health and development, but it may help women that experience Intrahepatic Cholestasis of Pregnancy manage their symptoms. (thesillycircus.com)
• Cholestasis - Causes, symptoms, treatment. (thesillycircus.com)
• To diagnose cholestasis of pregnancy, your pregnancy care provider will: Ask questions about your symptoms and medical history. (thesillycircus.com)

Inflammation3

• This is an inflammation of the biliary tree (intra- and extrahepatic bile ducts and the gall bladder) characterized by presence of neutrophils in the bile, but often also within the epithelial cells lining the bile ducts. (vin.com)
• In conclusion, cholestasis and inflammation do not or not significantly increase copper accumulation. (vin.com)
• In most cases, biliary atresia manifests several weeks after birth, probably after inflammation and scarring of the extrahepatic (and sometimes intrahepatic) bile ducts. (msdmanuals.com)

Ultrasound1

• Ultrasound should be used to exclude other causes of cholestasis. (pbc-society.ca)

Occurs5

• Intrahepatic cholestasis generally occurs at the level of the hepatocyte or biliary canalicular membrane. (medscape.com)
• Extrahepatic cholestasis occurs outside the liver. (medlineplus.gov)
• Intrahepatic cholestasis occurs inside the liver. (medlineplus.gov)
• Unbearable itching that occurs in late pregnancy is the main symptom of Cholestasis of pregnancy. (thesillycircus.com)
• Cholestasis is a disease that is related with liver, and occurs only during pregnancy.It causes severe itching to the pregnant ladies, late in their pregnancies. (thesillycircus.com)

Flow of bile1

• Cholestasis is any condition in which the flow of bile from the liver is slowed or blocked. (medlineplus.gov)

Progressive1

• The diagnosis of post-COVID-19 cholangiopathy was established by a characteristic clinical course with progressive cholestasis in conjunction with bile duct lesions in ERCP. (medscape.com)

Distal2

• Cholangiocarcinomas occur predominantly in the extrahepatic bile ducts: 60 to 70% in the perihilar region (Klatskin tumors), about 25% in the distal extrahepatic ducts, and the rest in the liver. (merckmanuals.com)
• Intrahepatic cholestasis may be due to functional defects hepatocellularly or from obstructive lesions of the intrahepatic biliary tract distal from the bile canaliculi. (mims.com)

Syndrome1

• Diagnostic criteria are destruction of intrahepatic bile ducts in a centripetal direction, no extrahepatic involvement, vanishing bile ducts, biliary cast syndrome, and multifocal peribiliary abscesses. (medscape.com)

Pregnancy9

• Presence of itching (Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy should be excluded). (oh-mygut.com)
• Cholestasis of pregnancy often disappears without any later complication after the birth of the baby. (thesillycircus.com)
• Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) is a pruritic condition during pregnancy caused by impaired bile flow allowing bile salts to be deposited in the skin and the placenta. (thesillycircus.com)
• Cholestasis of pregnancy usually starts with itching on the palms of the hand and the soles of the feet and then the itching begins to spread to other parts of the body, especially the belly. (thesillycircus.com)
• Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy is caused by an impairment of bile secretion in the liver. (thesillycircus.com)
• Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy is a hepatic disorder characterized by pruritus and an elevation in serum bile acid levels. (thesillycircus.com)
• The cases of two women who developed severe intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy are presented. (thesillycircus.com)
• Cholestasis of pregnancy (intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy) is when bile builds up in the liver, causing severe itching that usually starts in the palms of the hands and soles of the feet. (thesillycircus.com)
• Cholestasis sometimes starts in early pregnancy. (thesillycircus.com)

Gallstones1

• 1) Cholestasis causes vary, but the two most common causes are gallstones and malignant tumors. (thesillycircus.com)

Secretion1

• Intrahepatic cholestasis is characterized by impaired hepatocyte secretion of bile and patency of the extrahepatic biliary system. (mhmedical.com)

Metabolic1

• The discussion of intracellular/metabolic causes of cholestasis is very complex, the pathogenesis of which is not always clearly defined. (medscape.com)