Dna damage. Medical search. Frequent questions

The published original articles or reviews will open new paths toward the understanding of the generation and repair of DNA lesions, thus making it possible to advance knowledge of the processes that are at the origin of tumorigenesis. (mdpi.com)
We also measured 8-nitroguanine formation as an indicator of inflammation-related DNA lesions. (hindawi.com)
In conclusion, CD44v6 and ALDH1A1 are candidate stem cell markers for NPC, and the increased formation of DNA lesions by inflammation may result in the mutation of stem cells, leading to tumor development in NPC. (hindawi.com)
DNA lesions such as 8-nitroguanine and 8-oxodG with mutagenic properties occur in several types of inflammation-related cancer tissues [ 10 ]. (hindawi.com)
Ionizing radiation induces a range of different DNA lesions. (avhandlingar.se)
In terms of mutation frequency and mammalian cell survival, the most critical of these lesions is the DNA double-strand break (DSB). (avhandlingar.se)
This is demonstrated by the formation of DNA double strand breaks (DSBs), considered to be the most toxic DNA lesions, at stalled replication forks. (avhandlingar.se)
Jan Riedl, a University of Utah postdoctoral fellow and the study's first author, says 99 percent of DNA lesions - damage to the chemical bases known as A, C, G and T that help form the DNA double helix - are repaired naturally. (utah.edu)
The chemists say their new method will let researchers study chemical details of DNA lesions or damage. (utah.edu)
The new method for finding DNA lesions combines other, existing techniques. (utah.edu)
This graphic shows a new method, developed at the University of Utah, for identifying DNA lesions, or sites of damage on DNA strands that can lead to disease-causing mutations. (utah.edu)
Exposure to mutagens can damage DNA and result in bulky lesions that distort the double-helix structure or impede proper transcription. (jove.com)
Taking advantage of this finding, we proposed a paper-assisted TdT (PAT) assay for absolute quantification of alkylated DNA lesions (N7-methylguanine), DNA deamination (cytosine-to-uracil) and DNA oxidation (8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanine) by combining various DNA glycosylases. (rsc.org)
This PAT assay provides a low-cost, high throughput and easy to use method for quantifying the absolute levels of various types of DNA lesions, thus making it well-suited for drug development, genotoxicity testing, and environmental toxicology. (rsc.org)

A byproduct of alcohol consumption causes mutations in the DNA of mouse blood stem cells, and some of the breaks are not repaired. (the-scientist.com)
That uptake directly places damage in the consumer's DNA, potentially triggering genetic mutations that may eventually lead to cancer and other diseases. (stanford.edu)
He found that RNR2 RNA levels increased dramatically, even more than the protein levels, upon exposure of cells to DNA damage and that mutations in RNR2 resulted in hypersensitivity to DNA damage. (the-scientist.com)
A prerequisite for a multicellular organism to survive is the ability to correctly replicate and repair DNA while minimizing the number of heritable mutations. (avhandlingar.se)
University of Utah chemists devised a new way to detect chemical damage to DNA that sometimes leads to genetic mutations responsible for many diseases, including various cancers and neurological disorders. (utah.edu)
Experts from the NYU School of Medicine claim that UVA radiation damages the DNA in human melanocyte cells further leading mutations to cause melanoma. (healthjockey.com)
Cells are regularly exposed to mutagens-factors in the environment which can damage DNA and generate mutations. (jove.com)
If these errors are not fixed, the damage can cause mutations which in turn can result in cancer or disease depending on which sequences are disrupted. (jove.com)
Antioxidant enzymes are deployed to mop up reactive oxygen species at their source before they reach DNA, a defensive strategy that protects the roughly 3 billion nucleotides from suffering potentially catastrophic mutations. (technologynetworks.com)

The study appeared February 19 in Science, in an article entitled, "Chemiexcitation of melanin derivatives induces DNA photoproducts long after UV exposure. (genengnews.com)
This creates a quantum triplet state that has the energy of a UV photon but induces CPDs by energy transfer to DNA in a radiation-independent manner. (genengnews.com)
MMC induces DNA damage to quiescent corneal keratocytes, which remains unrepaired, resulting in abnormal cell replication and gene transcription that leads to long-term effects on corneal repair. (molvis.org)
Mitomycin C (MMC) belongs to a family of anti-tumor quinolone antibiotics derived from Streptomyces caespitosus , and functions as a powerful bifunctional alkylating agent that induces DNA interstrand crosslinks (ICL). (molvis.org)
On the other hand, etoposide treatment reliably induces DNA damage-related senescence in human articular chondrocytes evidenced by loss of proliferative capacity, DNA damage accumulation, and expression of some SASP components. (aging-us.com)

Increased intakes of niacin (vitamin B3) from the diet may protect against DNA damage in people exposed to ionizing radiation such as pilots, says a new study. (nutraingredients.com)
However, they did find a comparatively increased frequency of micronuclei in the radiologists, which are fragments of DNA produced when ionizing radiation breaks DNA strands. (auntminnie.com)
In this thesis methods of computational chemistry have been used to examine DNA damaging processes initiated by ionizing radiation, free radicals, or Low-Energy Electrons (LEE). (avhandlingar.se)

Fourth, another chemical label, named 18-crown-6 ether, is affixed to the unnatural base pair on all the DNA strands, which are then read or sequenced using a kind of nanopore sequencing developed a few years ago by Burrows and Utah chemist Henry White. (utah.edu)
At that location the strands are separated and endonuclease enzymes such as UvrC cleave the strand on both sides of the damage. (jove.com)
Next, NER proteins separate the strands and excise the damaged area. (jove.com)
The first two proteins work together as a complex, traveling along the DNA strands to detect any physical aberrations. (jove.com)
Once identified, the strands at the damaged location are separated, and endonuclease enzymes such as UvrC cut and excise the affected region. (jove.com)
Both are responsible for producing breaks in DNA strands. (laserfocusworld.com)
Importantly, we observed that TdT efficiently incorporates fluorescently labeled dUTP on to 3′-OH ends of DNA strands in a strictly controllable manner on cellulose paper, in comparison to its distributive mode of DNA synthesis in solution. (rsc.org)
Etoposide works by breaking DNA strands and blocking an enzyme which helps repair the damage. (technologynetworks.com)

A new genetic sensor called PRISM makes use of a host cell's DNA replication machinery to trigger fluorescence in neurons with damaged DNA. (the-scientist.com)
Epirubicin was reported to block DNA replication either through direct DNA damage or indirectly through inhibition of replication proteins such as topoisomerase. (nature.com)
Elledge's idea that eukaryotic cells sense the progress of DNA replication and transform that information into a DNA-damage response was new. (the-scientist.com)
Those results led him to study how cells monitor roadblocks to replication and DNA damage, such as nicks and double-stranded breaks, and how the cell handles that information. (the-scientist.com)
Faithful DNA replication is essential and the induction of replication stress may have profound effects on genomic integrity. (avhandlingar.se)
Transcription and DNA replication in melanocytes may be adversely damaged due to this oxidative DNA. (healthjockey.com)
These include bends or kinks in the structure which can block DNA replication or transcription. (jove.com)
These data indicate that the effect of MMC on corneal scarring and haze is related to the generation of DNA ICLs leading to defective cell replication and gene expression. (molvis.org)
Rabbit polyclonal to Parp.Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1), also designated PARP, is a nuclear DNA-bindingzinc finger protein that influences DNA repair, DNA replication, modulation of chromatin structure,and apoptosis. (2011globalhealth.org)

Without vigilant repair, cancer would run rampant, and now scientists at the University of Pittsburgh have gotten a glimpse of how one protein in particular keeps DNA damage in check. (sciencedaily.com)
According to a study published today in Nature Structural and Molecular Biology , a protein called UV-DDB -- which stands for ultraviolet-damaged DNA-binding -- is useful beyond safeguarding against the sun. (sciencedaily.com)
Buildup of a DNA-repair protein in brain cells spurs shut-eye in the fish, a study finds, and similar results in mice suggest the mechanism is widespread in animals. (the-scientist.com)
Researchers find that temporary double-stranded DNA breaks commonly result from normal neuron activation-but expression of an Alzheimer's-linked protein increases the damage. (the-scientist.com)
The oversight is understandable, since DNA does not appear on nutrition labels in the same manner as protein, carbohydrates, fat, vitamins, and minerals. (stanford.edu)
Elledge had found that Rnr2 protein levels increased when yeast cells were grown in the presence of agents that damaged DNA. (the-scientist.com)
Studying RNR2' s regulatory elements, he found those that were necessary to induce the production of higher protein levels in response to DNA damage and identified factors that bind these DNA elements to mediate the response of RNR2 to DNA damage. (the-scientist.com)
Nucleotide excision repair relies on specific protein complexes to recognize damaged regions of DNA and flag them for removal and repair. (jove.com)
Research has shown that when DNA damage occurs, a key enzyme - called ataxia telangiectasia mutated protein, or ATM - becomes activated. (nih.gov)
ATM is a protein that functions to maintain the stability of DNA. (nih.gov)
This mutant ATM protein also migrated to the site of DNA breaks and phosphorylated other proteins appropriately. (nih.gov)
The proposed project aims to identify the dynamics of RNA-protein interactions during DNA damage response (DDR) using high-throughput "omics" approaches. (europa.eu)
Jeffrey, I. W. , Bushell, M. , Tilleray, V. J. , Morley, S. and Clemens, M. J. (2002) Inhibition of protein synthesis in apoptosis: differential requirements by the tumor necrosis factor alpha family and a DNA-damaging agent for caspases and the double-stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase. (gla.ac.uk)
In contrast, treatment of cells with the DNA-damaging agent etoposide inhibits protein synthesis equally well in the presence of a pan-specific caspase inhibitor and in the presence or absence of PKR. (gla.ac.uk)

In contrast, key components of DNA known as nucleotides that are made available through normal breakdown of biomolecules - for instance, during digestion - are readily incorporated into the DNA of cells, suggesting a plausible and potentially significant pathway for damaged food DNA to inflict damage on other DNA downstream in consumers. (stanford.edu)
The phosphopentose pathway (PPP), which converts glucose-6-phosphate to ribose-5-phosphate for synthesis of nucleotides and NADPH to reduce DNA damage caused by ROS was reported to be activated in DDR 2 . (nature.com)
Another enzyme, DNA polymerase fills the gap with new nucleotides. (jove.com)
DNA polymerase fills the gap with new nucleotides, and then the DNA ligase enzyme seals the edges between the new and old DNA. (jove.com)
PRDX1 was also found to repair the damage by regulating the cellular availability of aspartate, a raw material that is critical for synthesising nucleotides, the building blocks of DNA. (technologynetworks.com)

The growth defect and the hypersensitivity to DNA-damaging agents of mdo1-1 were enhanced significantly when combined with a lesion of the ATAXIA-TELANGIECTASIA MUTATED (ATM) gene, but not of the ATM/RAD3-RELATED (ATR) gene, suggesting that the function of the MDO1 gene is closely related to that of ATM kinase. (nih.gov)

The excited state lifetime of compounds used in sunscreens such as menthyl anthranilate, avobenzone or padimate O is 1,000 to 1,000,000 times longer than that of melanin, and therefore they may cause damage to living cells that come in contact with them. (wikipedia.org)
The potential heart health benefits of omega-3s may be linked (in part at least) to their ability to protect the DNA in the cells lining blood vessels, according to a study from Japanese researchers. (nutraingredients.com)
As in the DNA tightrope experiment, UV-DDB rushed to the scene, and when it wasn't available, cells were more sensitive to oxidative stress. (sciencedaily.com)
The DNA forms known as G-quadruplexes are finally discovered in human cells. (the-scientist.com)
The team observed that the DNA of cells exposed to sucralose-6-acetate showed breaks, which indicates the compound is genotoxic. (healthnews.com)
The chemicals damage the 'tight junctions,' or interfaces, where cells in the gut wall connect to each other. (healthnews.com)
While it's too soon to say this occurs in humans - the study only observed heat-damaged DNA component uptake and increased DNA injury in lab-grown cells and mice - the findings could have important implications for dietary choices and public health. (stanford.edu)
This study investigated the role of TIGAR in DNA damage response (DDR) induced by genotoxic drugs and hypoxia in tumor cells. (nature.com)
To define a role of TIGAR in DNA damage, TIGAR expression was knocked down with siRNA in HepG2 cells. (nature.com)
Epirubicin, a DNA damaging anticancer agent and CoCl 2 , which was used to imitate hypoxia condition, was applied to induce DNA damage in TIGAR knockdown HepG2 cells. (nature.com)
DNA damage in HepG2 cells after TIGAR knockdown with or without treatment of epirubicin or CoCl 2 was detected by Comet assay. (nature.com)
Long-term exposure to low-dose radiation can cause DNA damage to lymphocyte cells in interventional radiologists - yet importantly, the doctors are likely not vulnerable to an increased risk of leukemia, according to researchers in Slovakia. (auntminnie.com)
His first experimental results contained a serendipitous artifact that laid the foundation for a scientific career studying how eukaryotic cells deal with damage to their DNA. (the-scientist.com)
To achieve this, cells need a balanced supply of deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates (dNTPs), the precursors for DNA synthesis. (avhandlingar.se)
Researchers identified that an abundance of fungi in the gut, particularly strains of Candida albicans yeast, could trigger an increase in immune cells, which could worsen lung damage. (medicaldaily.com)
Besides the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, and IL-6), the increased expression of receptor repertoire (pattern recognition receptors, PRR) on APCs, mostly macrophages and dendritic cells, occurs as a result of the release of endogenous and exogenous antigens (damage-associated molecular patterns, DAMPs, and pathogen-associated molecular patterns, PAMPs). (hindawi.com)
Moon-shong Tang, PhD, professor of environmental medicine, pathology and medicine at NYU School of Medicine and a member of the NYU Cancer Institute enlightened, "For the first time, UVA rays have been shown to cause significant damage to the DNA of human melanocyte skin cells. (healthjockey.com)
They then evaluated DNA damage and the ability of these cells to repair damaged DNA. (healthjockey.com)
The authors claimed to be successful in identifying DNA damage in all melanocyte cells. (healthjockey.com)
They further revealed that these cells were unable to repair the damage. (healthjockey.com)
When normal skin cells were exposed to UVA light no harm was seemingly discovered in their DNA. (healthjockey.com)
UVA-induced oxidative DNA damage in melanocytes and the inherently reduced repair capacity in these cells are assumed to be the two key factors responsible for melanoma on the skin. (healthjockey.com)
Although enzyme mechanisms may differ between humans and mice, gaining a better understanding of DNA damage repair might someday allow us to specifically alter ATM in cancer cells. (nih.gov)
Bringing the cell cycle to a standstill after DNA damage occurs allows time for the cell's machinery to fix the errors before abnormal cells are generated. (nih.gov)
Even when immune cells from Atm-S1987A-rescued mice are treated with radiation, several signs of normal cell cycle inhibition were observed, including decreased rate of DNA synthesis and decreased cell proliferation. (nih.gov)
The mutant plants also showed several phenotypes related to DNA damage, suggesting that the mutant cells are exposed constitutively to DNA damage even without external genotoxic stress. (nih.gov)
The results thus suggested that the MDO1 gene product is required for the maintenance of stem cells through a reduction in DNA damage. (nih.gov)
The image illustrates the location of DNA damage (in the nucleus of these four cells - green) and the colocalization of PRDX1 (in red, same place). (technologynetworks.com)
Cells are thought to delicately balance their energy needs and avoid damaging DNA by containing metabolic activity outside the nucleus and within the cytoplasm and mitochondria. (technologynetworks.com)
If DNA damage occurs anyway, cells pause momentarily and carry out repairs, synthesising new building blocks and filling in the gaps. (technologynetworks.com)
These experiments revealed that cells order the enzyme PRDX1, an antioxidant enzyme also normally found in mitochondria, to travel to the nucleus and scavenge reactive oxygen species present to prevent further damage. (technologynetworks.com)
Using fast DNA tracking microscopy in S. cerevisiae cells and improved analysis of mean square displacements, we quantified DNA motion at time scales ranging from 10 milliseconds to minute and found that following DNA damage, DNA exhibits distinct sub-diffusive regimes. (escholarship.org)
Radiation can damage the DNA in our cells. (cdc.gov)

UV light, it turns out, may act via a "light" or a "dark" biochemical pathway to cause a type of DNA damage known as a cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer (CPD). (genengnews.com)
A new tool called PRISM draws on virus-host interactions and a DNA repair pathway to help researchers visualize how cellular stress may contribute to neurodegenerative disease. (the-scientist.com)
Then I thought, there must be a sensory pathway that recognizes the DNA damage that's going on in the cell," says Elledge. (the-scientist.com)

It was published in ACS Central Science under the title "Possible Genetic Risks from Heat-Damaged DNA in Food. (jpost.com)

Researchers have warned manufacturers of functional foods and supplements to keep polyphenol doses low, following conclusions that low concentrations protect but high concentrations may damage DNA. (nutraingredients.com)
Using single-molecule imaging, researchers witness how molecules find and fix damaged DNA. (sciencedaily.com)
The researchers described how they tested the extent of damage that occurred after sun exposure by preventing normal DNA repair in mouse samples. (genengnews.com)
The researchers proceeded to cook foods - namely, ground beef, ground pork, and potatoes - through either 15-minute boils at 100 degrees Celsius (212 degrees Fahrenheit) or 20-minute mild roastings at 220 C (about 430 F). The Stanford researchers then extracted DNA from these foods and sent the samples to collaborators at NIST. (stanford.edu)
CDDR will collaborate with both basic researchers and clinicians to develop innovative research involving DNA damage and DNA repair experimentation. (dana-farber.org)
These methodologies will be especially helpful to Dana-Farber researchers working in related fields of cancer biology, as well as to the Institute's clinical investigators developing new drugs for cancers with specific underlying DNA repair defects. (dana-farber.org)
First, the researchers find the damage and cut it out of the DNA the same way a cell does naturally, using what is called "base excision repair," the discovery of which won a Nobel Prize in Chemistry this year for Tomas Lindahl, a scientist in England. (utah.edu)
Researchers have found that smoking causes chromosomal damage and speeds up aging. (medicaldaily.com)
Diabetic men have greater levels of DNA damage to their sperm, which may affect their fertility and their offspring's future health, say researchers at Queen's University, Belfast. (scienceagogo.com)
Earlier work carried out by the researchers showed that OH radicals were four times more likely than electrons to produce double-strand breaks in DNA. (laserfocusworld.com)
Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSK) researchers have discovered that innate immune signaling drives late cardiac toxicity after DNA-damaging cancer therapies. (mskcc.org)
The researchers experimentally induced DNA damage in human cell lines using a common chemotherapy medication known as etoposide. (technologynetworks.com)
The researchers observed that cellular respiratory enzymes, a major source of reactive oxygen species, relocated from the mitochondria to the nucleus in response to DNA damage. (technologynetworks.com)

This study used etoposide, to induce DNA damage-related senescence or chronic exposure to IL-1β to entail inflammation-related senescence in human OA chondrocytes. (aging-us.com)

A research team led by Sara Sdelci at the Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG) in Barcelona and Joanna Loizou at the CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences in Vienna and the Medical University of Vienna addressed this challenge by carrying out various experiments to identify which metabolic enzymes and processes are essential for a cell's DNA damage response. (technologynetworks.com)
DNA is the cell's "instruction manual" that controls a cell's normal growth and function. (cdc.gov)

From DNA damage to cellular miscommunication, aging is a mysterious and multifarious process. (the-scientist.com)
Folates, a group of water-soluble B vitamins present in high concentrations in green, leafy vegetables, maintain DNA stability through their ability to donate one-carbon units for cellular metabolism. (nih.gov)
This review presents a complex summary of GVHD pathogenesis with focus on references considering basic biological processes such as DNA damage response and cellular senescence. (hindawi.com)
This review summarizes the updated GVHD pathogenesis linking GVHD with biological processes such as DNA damage response (DDR) and cellular senescence (Figure 1 ). (hindawi.com)
The current understanding of aGVHD pathogenesis can be summarized as (1) initial tissue damage induced by the conditioning regimen followed by the denudation of auto- and alloantigens accompanied by massive inflammatory cytokine secretion ("cytokine storm") activating APCs, (2) auto- and alloantigen presentation mediated by APCs together with the costimulatory signaling prime donor's cytotoxic T lymphocytes and their proliferation, and (3) the migration of activated cellular effectors toward GVHD target tissues. (hindawi.com)
If the damage cannot be accurately fixed, the cell may commit cellular suicide rather than lose control of growth. (nih.gov)
Several hallmarks of cellular senescence, such as cell cycle arrest, expression of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors, DNA damages, and senescence-associated secretory profile were evaluated. (aging-us.com)
Despite the central role of cellular metabolism in maintaining genome integrity, there has been no systematic, unbiased study on how metabolic perturbations affect the DNA damage and repair process. (technologynetworks.com)
Human mediator of DNA damage checkpoint 1 (hMDC1) is an essential component of the cellular response to DNA double strand breaks. (ox.ac.uk)
Instead, this caspase activity leads to DNA damage that, in turn, promotes genomic instability , cellular transformation, and tumorigenesis . (bvsalud.org)
Further study of reactive oxygen species was conducted using analysis of cellular H2O2 generation, lipid peroxidation of cellular membranes and DNA damage. (cdc.gov)

Bimolecular reactions can occur either between the excited chromophore and DNA or between the excited chromophore and another species, to produce free radicals and reactive oxygen species. (wikipedia.org)
These reactions also create reactive oxygen species, dangerous by-products like hydrogen peroxide which damage the building blocks of DNA in the same way oxygen and water corrode metal and form rust. (technologynetworks.com)
Surprisingly, inducing DNA damage resulted in reactive oxygen species being generated and accumulating inside the nucleus. (technologynetworks.com)

Persistent DNA damage signalling triggers senescence-associated inflammatory cytokine secretion. (nature.com)
SnCs exhibit irreversible growth arrest accompanied by increased expression of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors (CDKi) such as p16 INK4a , and p21 Cip1 , accumulation of DNA damages, and secretion of diverse bioactive molecules known as the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). (aging-us.com)

The process begins when an enzyme complex, shown here in E. coli, containing the proteins UvrA and UvrB, travels along the DNA and detects the physical aberration of the lesion. (jove.com)
The enzyme DNA helicase then removes the cut pieces. (jove.com)
Finally, the enzyme DNA ligase seals the edges between the new and old DNA completing the repair. (jove.com)
OxiSelect™ Oxidative UV-induced DNA Damage ELISA Kit (CPD Quantitation) is an enzyme immunoassay developed for rapid detection and quantitation of CPD in any DNA samples. (antibodies-online.com)

Discoveries span from disrupted gene patterns and epigenomic changes to the significance of microglia and DNA damage in neurons. (scitechdaily.com)

These reactive chemical species can reach DNA by diffusion and the bimolecular reaction damages the DNA (oxidative stress). (wikipedia.org)
Eight weeks of supplementation with watercress may reduce markers of oxidative stress and damage after exhaustive exercise, suggests a new study. (nutraingredients.com)
There's damage from oxidative stress due to inflammation and infection, too much metabolism, or environmental chemicals. (neurosciencenews.com)

This [study] is important, particularly given the overwhelming evidence that sperm DNA damage impairs male fertility and reproductive health. (scienceagogo.com)
Since sperm DNA damage can cause miscarriage and infertility, it can be one of the causes of hatching failure in birds. (lu.se)
However, it has been shown in humans that sperm DNA damage can cause infertility, we do not know whether pollution can affect sperm DNA integrity in bird populations. (lu.se)

It also has the ability to find damage buried in chromosomes and help DNA repair molecules go places they otherwise couldn't, the way a helicopter can navigate really hilly areas. (sciencedaily.com)
Many studies link the consumption of charred and fried foods to DNA damage, and attribute the harm to certain small molecules that form so-called reactive species in the body. (stanford.edu)
Of note, however, those small molecules produced in typical cooking number many thousands of times less than the amount of DNA occurring naturally in foods, Kool says. (stanford.edu)
Investigating the nitty-gritty of how complex DNA molecules are repaired - both after unavoidable natural errors, as well as damage induced by environmental exposures - is a chief aim of Kool's lab at Stanford. (stanford.edu)

For example, a roughly 500 gram (16 ounce) beef steak contains over a gram (0.04 ounce) of cow DNA, suggesting that human exposure to potentially heat-damaged DNA is likewise not negligible. (stanford.edu)
We aimed at investigating whether exposure to particulate matter induced changes in DNA methylation in blood from healthy subjects who were exposed to high levels of particulate matter in a foundry facility. (scienceblog.com)
Exposure of DNA to ultraviolet light and certain chemical carcinogens can cause a bulky lesion. (jove.com)

Here we show that cell cycle progression through mitosis following double-stranded DNA breaks leads to the formation of micronuclei, which precede activation of inflammatory signalling and are a repository for the pattern-recognition receptor cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS). (nature.com)

It identifies DNA damage so that another crew can come in and patch and seal it," said study senior author Bennett Van Houten, Ph.D., professor of pharmacology and chemical biology at the Pitt School of Medicine and UPMC Hillman Cancer Center. (sciencedaily.com)
Chemical Found in Common Sweetener Damages DNA. (healthnews.com)
For those reactive species to cause DNA damage, they must physically encounter DNA in a cell to trigger a deleterious chemical reaction - a rare event, in all likelihood. (stanford.edu)
Working at night resulted in lower melatonin levels and a less of the chemical which repairs DNA in the urine. (healthstatus.com)
These results indicate that the radical generation and the damage caused by them is not only a function of surface area but is also influenced by changing chemical and other characteristics due to particle size. (cdc.gov)

Note: Samples with high concentrations of CPD may be further diluted 2-4 fold in 4 μg/mL Reduced DNA. (antibodies-online.com)

These outcomes correlated with nFe2O3 dissolution, increased intracellular iron, and genotoxicity, as well as significant changes in pathways related to DNA damage repair and autophagic processes. (cdc.gov)

We report on a paper-based sensor capable of performing template-independent DNA synthesis by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT). (rsc.org)

Indirect DNA damage occurs when a UV-photon is absorbed in the human skin by a chromophore that does not have the ability to convert the energy into harmless heat very quickly. (wikipedia.org)
A collaborative project between TIFR Mumbai, the Centre for Excellence in Basic Sciences, Mumbai, and Manipal University, the experiments used different incident laser energies and various external focusing conditions to establish that DNA damage occurs in two distinct regimes. (laserfocusworld.com)

As a start to designing those gene-targeting tools, Elledge, now a professor of genetics at Harvard Medical School, began by trying to clone the mammalian homolog of recA , a bacterial gene required for DNA repair via recombination. (the-scientist.com)
The gene p53 suppresses cancer and inflammation in the body, and NIEHS investigators speculate that changes in p53 lead to changes in inflammation and the ability to repair DNA damage. (nih.gov)
Cis ligation of CD137 relative to the TCR-CD3 complex results in more intense canonical and non-canonical NF-κB signaling and provides a more robust induction of cell cycle and DNA damage repair gene expression programs. (lu.se)

Daily supplements of astaxanthin - the pigment that gives salmon its pink colour - may protect DNA from damage and boost the immune response in healthy young women, says a new study. (nutraingredients.com)
CDDR employs a wide range of technologies relevant to the measurement of DNA damage response in primary human cancers and cell lines, including cytotoxicity measurements, radiation sensitivity testing, and proteomic biomarker measurements. (dana-farber.org)
Radiation and other factors can create double-stranded breaks in DNA, and evidence suggests that ATM becomes activated in response to this DNA damage. (nih.gov)
Such a pattern of dynamics is consistent with a global increase in chromatin persistence length in response to DNA damage. (escholarship.org)

Mediator of DNA damage checkpoint 1 (MDC1) regulates mitotic progression. (ox.ac.uk)

Third, the DNA with the damage site labeled by an unnatural third base pair is then amplified or copied millions of times using a well-known existing method called PCR, or polymerase chain reaction. (utah.edu)
The reactions were conducted in initiation of the study, had received no antiretroviral a 50-L PCR mixture containing Taq DNA polymerase, treatment. (cdc.gov)

CDDR Director Alan D'Andrea, MD, is an expert in the area of DNA repair and genomic stability. (dana-farber.org)
Folate maintains genomic stability by regulating DNA biosynthesis, repair and methylation. (nih.gov)

Studies conducted in the Center will also facilitate the development of new classes of anti-cancer drugs, such as DNA Repair inhibitors and Cell Cycle inhibitors. (dana-farber.org)
The new promising marker Schlafen 11 seems to correlate with sensitivity or resistance to DNA-damaging agents, including platinum compounds or PARP inhibitors in various types of cancer. (muni.cz)

NER employs a set of specialized proteins that first scan DNA to detect a damaged region. (jove.com)
In prokaryotes, the NER complex consists of the three Uvr proteins, but in eukaryotes, more than a dozen proteins operate to regulate DNA repair. (jove.com)
Subsequently, activated ATM then migrates to sites of DNA damage and phosphorylates other proteins that are necessary for halting the cell cycle and repairing DNA damage. (nih.gov)
Once ATM is recruited to the double-stranded DNA break, lots of other proteins also relocate to the same site for phosphorylation. (nih.gov)
We investigated the presence of HGyV DNA in 1, VP2, and VP3) that encode proteins of 465, 231, and blood samples of 301 persons in Italy using specifi c PCRs. (cdc.gov)

The conditioning-induced damage of recipients' tissues leads to danger signal secretion [ 13 ]. (hindawi.com)

However, our data suggest that neither increased phosphorylation of eIF2α nor increased [eIF4E.4E-BP1] complex formation is essential for the inhibition of overall translation by the DNA-damaging agent. (gla.ac.uk)

dubious - discuss] The traveling nature of the indirect DNA damage can be seen in the fact that the malignant melanoma can occur in places that are not directly illuminated by the sun-in contrast to basal-cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma, which appear only on directly illuminated locations on the body. (wikipedia.org)

Now, new research by the same scientific team found that sucralose-6-acetate may be genotoxic and negatively impact DNA . (healthnews.com)

Such dichotomous kinetics implicate additional rate-limiting steps that are essential for DNA-damage-induced inflammation. (nature.com)
Nitrative and oxidative DNA damage plays an important role in inflammation-related carcinogenesis. (hindawi.com)
Moreover, 8-nitroguanine is a potentially mutagenic DNA lesion and has been reported to play a significant role in and to be a biomarker for inflammation-related carcinogenesis [ 5 ]. (hindawi.com)

In the time it takes you to read this sentence, every cell in your body suffers some form of DNA damage. (sciencedaily.com)
But there was also evidence from studies suggesting that melanin was associated with skin cell damage. (genengnews.com)
Comparing the quality of DNA in sperm from diabetic and non-diabetic men, the study found that DNA fragmentation was greater in diabetic men (52 percent, versus 32 percent in non-diabetic men), and that there were more deletions of DNA in the cell mitochondria. (scienceagogo.com)
These alterations could make tumors more sensitive to DNA damage and cell death radiation therapy for cancer," said senior author André Nussenzweig, Ph.D., senior investigator in NCI's Experimental Immunology Branch. (nih.gov)
These activate the ""late"" transcriptional reprogramming influencing DNA repair, cell cycle regulation and apoptosis. (europa.eu)
Extract DNA from cell or tissue samples using a commercial DNA Extraction kit or other desired method. (antibodies-online.com)
The aim of the present investigation was to study the effect of the intake of a single portion of blood orange juice (BOJ, 300 ml, providing 150 mg vitamin C) on mononuclear blood cell (MNBC) DNA damage, compared with a drink supplemented with the same amount of vitamin C (C-drink) or sugars (S-drink). (cambridge.org)
The consumption of alcohol is always a controversial topic and a Reuter's article explored how drinking can damage stem cell DNA. (mercola.com)
The purpose of this study was to determine the acute and long-term effects of mitomycin C (MMC) on quiescent rabbit corneal keratocytes regarding cell proliferation, myofibroblast differentiation and DNA repair. (molvis.org)
MMC also induced phosphorylation of the nuclear histone marker of DNA damage, γH2AX (a member of the H2A histone family), without induction of cell cycle entry or immediate DNA repair measured by Comet assay. (molvis.org)
Limited mitochondrial permeabilization causes DNA damage and genomic instability in the absence of cell death. (bvsalud.org)
When DNA is damaged, a cell can begin growing out of control and create a cancer tumor. (cdc.gov)

For the first time, Van Houten's team witnessed this molecular tango along a "tightrope" of DNA slung between two silica beads, using real-time, single-molecule imaging. (sciencedaily.com)
DNA is a molecule of paramount importance due to its fundamental biological role in carrying and storing genetic information. (mdpi.com)
DNA is a molecule, shaped like a double-stranded helix that contains the genetic instructions that living organisms use to develop, function and reproduce. (utah.edu)
which makes it easier to detect the site of DNA damage by passing the strand of DNA through molecule-size nanopore. (utah.edu)
Such sequencing involves determining the order and location of bases on a DNA strand - including damage sites labeled by unnatural bases - by passing the strand through a molecule-size pore or nanopore. (utah.edu)
The characteristics of its genome--a aplastic anemia, hemorrhage, and lymphoid depletion) and single, closed molecule of circular, negative-sense DNA increased death in young chicken ( 11 ). (cdc.gov)

The changes in DNA methylation we observed are reversible and some of them are currently being used as targets of cancer drugs. (scienceblog.com)

Other studies have already shown that, while the female egg has a limited ability to repair damaged sperm DNA, fragmentation beyond this threshold may result in increased rates of embryonic failure and pregnancy loss," said co-researcher Sheena Lewis. (scienceagogo.com)
It was shown in medical studies that in a highly polluted area the percentage of sperm DNA fragmentation (measurement for DNA damage) can be above 30%, which can lead to miscarriage in women or lead to infertility in men. (lu.se)

Daily folic acid supplements could improve DNA stability and reduce the risk of certain cancers linked to faults in the genetic code, suggests new research. (nutraingredients.com)
As such, its stability is key for safeguarding DNA integrity from external stress. (mdpi.com)

A better understanding of these DNA repair defects will lead to improved diagnostic methods for predicting the best course of cytotoxic chemotherapy and radiation for a given cancer patient ( "precision" or "personalized" medicine ). (dana-farber.org)

This is achieved, inter alia, by means of specific repair mechanisms that ensure an efficient and prompt correction of the DNA defects. (mdpi.com)
The Center for DNA Damage and Repair (CDDR) explores the various DNA repair defects in human cancers which underlie genomic instability. (dana-farber.org)

These PFGs can form due to DNA double-strand breaks caused by radiation. (auntminnie.com)
One of the powerful things about our method is we can read more than a single damaged site [and up to dozens] on the same strand of DNA. (utah.edu)

Ultimately, whether the increased presence of micronuclei due to DNA damage translates to higher health risks in interventional radiologists will require further research, the authors noted. (auntminnie.com)

Together they inflicted oxidative damage to the chromosomes' protective endcaps -- called telomeres. (sciencedaily.com)

But what has never been documented before our study is the potentially large quantities of heat-damaged DNA available for uptake into a consumer's own DNA. (stanford.edu)
And because melanocytes have a reduced capacity to repair DNA damage from UVA radiation, they mutate more frequently, potentially leading to the development of melanoma. (healthjockey.com)

When telomeres (green) undergo damage (bottom row), UV-DDB (red) rushes to the scene (yellow). (cmu.edu)

This new evidence points to UV-DDB being a scout for general DNA damage and an overseer of the molecular repair crew that fixes it. (sciencedaily.com)

This type of damage can be fixed by a process called nucleotide excision repair. (jove.com)
Damaged DNA can be detected and repaired in a process called nucleotide excision repair (NER). (jove.com)

Anatomy17

Organisms7

Diseases12

Chemicals and Drugs104

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment16

Phenomena and Processes77

Disciplines and Occupations1

Information Science3

Health Care3

Lesions14

Mutations9

Induces5

Ionizing radiation3

Strands8

Replication9

Protein14

Nucleotides5

Hypersensitivity1

Cells33

Pathway3

Heat-damaged DNA in food1

Researchers13

Etoposide1

Cell's2

Cellular11

Reactive oxygen3

Senescence-associated2

Enzyme4

Neurons1

Oxidative stress3

Sperm DNA damage3

Molecules4

Exposure3

Double-stranded DNA breaks1

Chemical5

High concentrations1

Processes1

Synthesis1

Occurs2

Gene3

Response4

Regulates1

Polymerase2

Genomic stability2

Inhibitors2

Proteins5

Secretion1

Inhibition1

Carcinoma1

Genotoxic1

Inflammation3

Cell12

Molecule6

Methylation1

Fragmentation2

Stability2

Chemotherapy1

Defects2

Strand2

Micronuclei1

Chromosomes1

Potentially2

Telomeres1

Molecular1

Nucleotide2