Endothelium vascular. Medical search. Frequent questions

Here we show that endothelial-derived nitric oxide (NO) is a major endothelial-derived mediator controlling vascular remodeling. (elsevierpure.com)
The thrombin-induced endothelium-dependent relaxation was mediated by nitric oxide and hyperpolarizing factors, while the contraction was mediated by TXA 2 and PGH 2 . (elsevierpure.com)
Vascular endothelium-derived factors, such as endothelin-1 (ET-1) and nitric oxide (NO), play an important role in the regulation of vascular tonus. (elsevierpure.com)
The purpose of this study was to determine whether infusion of L-arginine, the precursor of the endothelium-derived relaxing factor, nitric oxide, improves endothelium-dependent vasodilation in hypercholesterolemic humans. (jci.org)
Vasodilatory factors include nitric oxide (NO), prostacyclin (PGl2), and endothelium derived hyperpolarizing factor (EDHF), and vasoconstrictive factors include thromboxane (TXA2), norepinephrine, and endothelin-1 (ET-1). (beckman.com)

These findings suggest that upregulated expression of p22phox mRNA and enhanced NADH oxidase activity contribute to the impaired endothelium-dependent vasodilation in OLETF rats. (diabetesjournals.org)
Vascular complications are responsible for the excess mortality associated with diabetes ( 1 ), and impaired endothelium-dependent vasodilation has been described in humans and in animal models of the disease ( 2 - 6 ). (diabetesjournals.org)
In conclusion, R/NIR stimulates vasodilation by release of NO bound substances from the endothelium. (mcw.edu)
In a diabetes model of endothelial dysfunction, R/NIR restores vasodilation, which lends the potential for new treatments for diabetic vascular disease. (mcw.edu)
L-arginine improves endothelium-dependent vasodilation in hypercholesterolemic humans. (jci.org)
Endothelium-dependent vasodilation is impaired in hypercholesterolemia, even before the development of atherosclerosis. (jci.org)
The vasodilative response to the endothelium-dependent vasodilator, methacholine chloride, was depressed in the hypercholesterolemic group, whereas endothelium-independent vasodilation, induced by nitroprusside, was similar in each group. (jci.org)
It is concluded that endothelium-dependent vasodilation is impaired in hypercholesterolemic humans. (jci.org)
This study demonstrates a diurnal variation in both endothelium-dependent and -independent vasodilation in the brachial artery of healthy women. (lu.se)
Overall, there was a non-significant trend towards increased endothelium-dependent vasodilation following both acute and chronic FVPD consumption. (cambridge.org)

Endothelium-dependent hyperpolarization: a role in the control of vascular tone. (ox.ac.uk)
Some studies report that H 2 S may exert a vasodilator effect [ 30 , 31 ] and thus help in the control of vascular tone. (hindawi.com)

2 diabetes benefits inside a dysfunction of vascular endothelium and proinflammatory response. (pkcinhibitor.com)
Red/near infrared light stimulates release of an endothelium dependent vasodilator and rescues vascular dysfunction in a diabetes model. (mcw.edu)
Taken together, the concerted actions of above factors lead to dysfunctional status of the vascular endothelium (endothelial dysfunction) (Fig. 1 ) [ 14 ]. (nature.com)
There are evidences that H 2 S exerts a vasoprotective effect in hypertension and atherosclerosis [ 39 , 40 ] and that exogenous donors of H 2 S can attenuate vascular dysfunction [ 41 ]. (hindawi.com)
Conclusions: This study has identified dysfunction of the systemic vascular endothelial cell in patients with normal pressure glaucoma. (bmj.com)
It has been proposed that vascular dysfunction contributes to the pathogenesis of glaucoma and, in particular, NPG as this condition is associated with the presence of widespread cerebrovascular and systemic cardiovascular disease. (bmj.com)
The mechanisms of vascular dysfunction have been investigated in a number of conditions, including hypertension 13 and diabetes, 14 using subcutaneous arteries isolated from biopsies of gluteal fat. (bmj.com)
This approach has the advantage of studying vascular dysfunction directly in arteries from patients (rather than animal models) and uses resistance arteries which contribute significantly to maintenance of blood pressure. (bmj.com)
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a progressive disease characterized by lung endothelial cell dysfunction and vascular remodeling. (surrey.ac.uk)

4 In addition, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is an angiogenic factor that regulates endothelial survival, proliferation, differentiation, and vascular permeability, and has been shown to be an important candidate for cancer therapy as it is upregulated in many tumors. (beckman.com)
peritoneal fluid accumulation is a common finding in many children with abdominal disorders and its generation secondary to increased vascular permeability. (bvsalud.org)
The purpose of the present study as to evaluate the effect of changes in intravascular pressure and the inflammatory mediator bradykinin on rat mesenteric arterial and venous vascular permeability. (bvsalud.org)
Vascular permeability to dextran was determined at 100, 200 and 300 % of physiological pressures. (bvsalud.org)
vascular permeability was present at all measurements for both vessels and its magnitude directly proportional to the intravascular pressure. (bvsalud.org)

In the thoracic aorta of OLETF rats, endothelium-dependent relaxation was markedly attenuated compared with that of control (LETO) rats in association with a significant increase in superoxide production (2,421.39 ± 407.01 nmol · min −1 · mg −1 ). (diabetesjournals.org)
Endothelial-dependent relaxation of vascular smooth muscle cells evoked by a number of agonists, including cholinomimetics and substance P, is often accompanied by an increase (repolarization and/or hyperpolarization) in the membrane potential. (ox.ac.uk)
Both thrombin-induced relaxation and contraction were abolished by removing the endothelium. (elsevierpure.com)
7 Thrombin is thus considered to mainly activate protease-activated receptor-1 and cause a biphasic response, early relaxation and a transient contraction, in the porcine renal interlobar artery in an endothelium-dependent manner. (elsevierpure.com)
Treatment with NaHS in Pb-induced hypertension seems to induce a protective role in rat aorta which is dependent on endothelium and seems to promote non-NO-mediated relaxation. (hindawi.com)
Endothelium dependent and independent relaxation was not impaired in arteries from patients. (bmj.com)
In vitro study showed that, compared with control group, the DM rats exhibited a lowered endothelium-dependent relaxation and damaged structural integrity of thoracic aortas, and there was a significant increase in plasma nitrotyrosine concentration. (hindawi.com)

Dr. Katusic's research is designed to define mechanisms linking dysfunctional endothelium with progression of cognitive decline. (mayo.edu)
These responses were preserved when HUVECs were pretreated with tumour necrosis factor-α to mimic dysfunctional endothelium. (bmj.com)

Convincing data have been presented to show that production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) occurs in nonphagocytic cells, including endothelial cells ( 8 ), vascular smooth muscle cells ( 9 ), and aortic adventitial fibroblasts ( 10 ), and superoxide anion has a variety of biological functions that accompany induction of gene expression ( 11 ), cellular proliferation ( 12 ), apoptosis ( 13 , 14 ), and hypertrophy ( 15 ). (diabetesjournals.org)
These findings demonstrate a critical role for endogenous NO as a negative regulator of vascular smooth muscle proliferation in response to a remodeling stimulus. (elsevierpure.com)
Transcriptional coactivator Yes-associated protein (YAP) can promote the proliferation of multiple cancer cells, corneal endothelial cells, and vascular smooth muscle cells, which participate in angiogenesis. (molvis.org)
Among them, VEGF-A can promote the division and proliferation of vascular endothelial cells and neovascularization and maintain the survival of new vessels. (molvis.org)
Kaposi's sarcoma is a neoplasm of vascular endothelium that is characterized by proliferation of spindle cells, neoangiogenesis, inflammation and edema 17 . (bvsalud.org)

The pathogenesis of arterial hypertension often involves a rise in systemic vascular resistance (vasoconstriction and vascular remodeling) and impairment of salt excretion in the kidney (inappropriate salt retention despite elevated blood pressure). (nature.com)
Aim: Vascular risk factors, and particularly vasospasm, are thought to play a part in the pathogenesis of normal pressure glaucoma (NPG). (bmj.com)

Sulodexide is a mixture of glycosaminoglycans: heparin and dermatan sulphate, which on one hand suppresses the intravascular inflammation and on the other hand have protective effect towards the endothelium. (viamedica.pl)
Sulodexide reduced cytotoxicity of hyperglycemia towards endothelium and also suppresses the intracellular oxidative stress and inflammation in the endothelial cells, what results in their slower senescence. (viamedica.pl)
We aim to address these needs by (i) investigating the mechanisms, by which complement injures and activates the endothelium, and (ii) identifying the resulting biological markers (biomarkers) reflecting inflammation and endothelial injury, and correlating them with the outcome of COVID‑19 patients, thus establishing a COVID‑19 risk score. (cancovid.ca)

Induced EndoMT cells exhibited up-regulation of mesenchymal markers, including collagen type I and α-smooth muscle actin, and a reduction in endothelial cell and junctional proteins, including von Willebrand factor, CD31, occludin, and vascular endothelial-cadherin. (surrey.ac.uk)

Endothelial cells lining the vascular vessels determine intravascular homeostasis. (viamedica.pl)
These data establish the transcriptional and epigenetic landscape of vascular quiescence that will serve as a foundation for further mechanistic studies of vascular homeostasis and disease-associated activation. (irbbarcelona.org)
The vascular endothelium, the innermost layer of blood vessels, provides a dynamic interface between the circulating blood and various tissues/organs and thereby maintaining tissue homeostasis. (nature.com)
Normally, the endothelium forms an integral cellular barrier to regulate vascular homeostasis. (surrey.ac.uk)

These Nrp-plexin and semaphorin complexes initiate cascades that regulate diverse processes such as axon pruning and repulsion, dendritic attraction and branching, regulation of cell migration, vascular remodeling, and growth cone collapse. (wikipedia.org)
However, in small resistance arteries (100-300 microns), EDHF appears to be a major determinant of vascular calibre under normal conditions, and may therefore be of primary importance in the regulation of vascular resistance. (ox.ac.uk)
1 Using a method employing front-surface fura-2 fluorometry to measure the cytosolic Ca 2+ concentration, [Ca 2+ ] i , the mechanism of endothelium-dependent regulation of vascular tone by thrombin was studied in porcine renal interlobar arterial strips. (elsevierpure.com)
Our results indicate that specific regulation of Sph-1-P-modulated migration responses in vascular cells can be achieved by EDG-5 antagonists and that manipulation of Sph-1-P biological activities by each EDG antagonist may lead to a therapeutical application to control vascular diseases. (nih.gov)

9 Impaired systemic vascular function has been demonstrated in patients with NPG in whom blood flow in the fingers is reduced 10, 11 (both under basal conditions and following cold provocation) and endothelium dependent vasodilatation in the forearm is impaired. (bmj.com)

Telmisartan inhibits methylglyoxal-mediated cell death in human vascular endothelium. (alzforum.org)
Baden T, Yamawaki H, Saito K, Mukohda M, Okada M, Hara Y . Telmisartan inhibits methylglyoxal-mediated cell death in human vascular endothelium . (alzforum.org)
1993) A kallikrein-like enzyme in human vascular tissue. (nature.com)

Nishiwaki, Y., Yoshida, M., Masuda, H. and Isobe, M. (2004) Recruitment of bone marrow-derived endothelial progenitor cells to vascular endothelium involves E-selectin dependent mechanism. (scirp.org)
In line with these results, studies using various enzyme inhibitors, such as DPI, allopurinol, rotenone, N G -monomethyl- l -arginine, and indomethacin, suggest that the predominant source of superoxide anion in vascular particulate fraction is NADH-dependent membrane-bound oxidase. (diabetesjournals.org)
Acute but not chronic metabolic acidosis potentiates the acetylcholine-induced reduction in blood pressure: an endothelium-dependent effect. (bvsalud.org)

Sulodexide improves also peripheral vascular blood flow in patients with peripheral arteries diseases or in patients with chronic thrombotic venous diseases. (viamedica.pl)
Recent studies implicated complement as important in COVID-19, as it is known to activate the inner lining of blood vessels, the vascular endothelium. (cancovid.ca)
In addition, experiments on isolated blood vessels enable Dr. Katusic's team to directly test vascular effects of novel drugs. (mayo.edu)
Endothelium is the inner lining of the blood vessel wall that is in direct contact with circulating blood. (mayo.edu)
Injury to vascular endothelium, such as that induced by aging, high cholesterol, diabetes or hypertension, is considered a key initiating event in the development of atherosclerosis, leading to impairment of brain blood flow. (mayo.edu)
The recognition of endothelium in brain blood vessels as a major therapeutic target significantly advanced efforts to develop pharmacological therapies, as well as gene- and cell-based therapies. (mayo.edu)
Endothelial cells are sentinels lining the innermost layer of blood vessel that gatekeep micro- and macro-vascular health by sensing pathogen/danger signals and secreting vasoactive molecules. (nature.com)
12 The relatively small number of studies to have assessed vascular reactivity and blood flow in the systemic circulation of these patients, however, prevents identification of the mechanisms underlying these abnormalities. (bmj.com)
Thus the endothelium is the first responder to anything wrong in the blood. (ohsu.edu)
They study how a person's blood cholesterol interacts with the endothelium in the blood vessels in the heart to cause a heart attack. (ohsu.edu)
Endothelial cells (ECs) form the endothelium, a layer of single-cell thickness that coats the interior wall of all blood vessels including arteries, capillaries, and veins. (beckman.com)
Blood and urine samples were collected during both studies and vascular tone was measured using laser Doppler imaging. (cambridge.org)
This group was retested to confirm important role in the pathophysiology of their blood lipid status before participating several vascular diseases, including athero- in the study. (who.int)
the blood in the second vascular injury. (who.int)
The physiological widening of BLOOD VESSELS by relaxing the underlying VASCULAR SMOOTH MUSCLE. (bvsalud.org)
These results indicate that AMA, but not CMA, potentiated the Ach-induced decrease in blood pressure and led to an increase in plasma NOx, reinforcing the effect of pH imbalance on vascular tone and blood pressure control. (bvsalud.org)

This monolayer of cells acts as a barrier to separate the vascular lumen from surrounding tissues and regulates the passage of fluid and nutrients between the two. (beckman.com)

Yet, the molecular mechanisms of vascular quiescence remain largely elusive. (irbbarcelona.org)

Vascular reactivity was measured in the forearm resistance vessels of 11 normal subjects (serum LDL cholesterol = 2.76 +/- 0.10 mmol/liter) and 14 age-matched patients with hypercholesterolemia (serum LDL cholesterol = 4.65 +/- 0.36 mmol/liter, P (jci.org)
D-arginine had no effect on forearm vascular reactivity in either group. (jci.org)

The repriming process displays an absolute requirement for endothelium-derived NO. It is impaired by mechanical damage to the endothelium, and also by treatment of intact vessels with either N G monomethyl-L-arginine or oxyhaemoglobin. (uhi.ac.uk)
Conversely, bolus injections of authentic NO or S-nitroso-N-acetyl penicillamine accelerate repriming in intact vessels and restore photorelaxation in endothelium-deficient preparations. (uhi.ac.uk)

We hypothesised that MTX specifically protects the vascular endothelium against inflammatory injury via induction of AMPK-regulated protective genes. (bmj.com)
the abdominal fluid accumulation related to bowel inflammatory disease is more likely to be secondary to venous, as opposed to arterial vascular leakage. (bvsalud.org)

Superoxide anion can modulate vascular smooth muscle tone and is potentially involved in diabetic vascular complications. (diabetesjournals.org)

Dr. Katusic's team is interested in the development of optimal therapeutic interventions designed to exert a protective effect on vascular endothelium in the cerebral circulation. (mayo.edu)

It is conceivable that NPG is associated with a generalised vascular defect which produces alterations in both the ocular and systemic circulations. (bmj.com)

We will investigate the effects of exenatide on vascular endothelial injury and nitrooxidative stress in hyperglycemia both in vivo and in vitro and explore the role of nitrooxidative stress in endothelium-protective action of exenatide. (hindawi.com)
In conclusion, this study demonstrates that exenatide treatment can alleviate the vascular endothelial injury, as well as attenuating the nitrooxidative stress in hyperglycemia, implying that the endothelium-protective effect of exenatide might be related to the reduction of nitrooxidative stress. (hindawi.com)
Recent evidence has indicated that the vascular endothelial injury induced by hyperglycemia is associated with the enhanced nitrooxidative stress both in vivo and in vitro [ 3 - 6 ]. (hindawi.com)

Despite advances in disease-modifying and biological therapy for these diseases, we lack specific strategies aimed at retarding development of premature CVD and have limited knowledge of whether individual drugs offer vascular protection. (bmj.com)

Its receptor binding site is VEGF-A, which is known to promote vascular generation and leakage and to cause nAMD. (molvis.org)

later, vascular injury was noted during the Each sample was divided into 2 × 5 mL por- annual medical examination. (who.int)

Although there are a variety of strategies to improve NO bioavailability in human endothelium, it is still unclear whether they have any direct benefit at a clinical level. (ox.ac.uk)

In addition to coordinated effects on glucose metabolism [ 20 , 21 ], exenatide exerts endothelium-protective action similar to GLP-1 [ 22 , 23 ]. (hindawi.com)
However, whether the endothelium-protective action of exenatide is related to reduction of nitrooxidative stress still needs much exploration to clarify. (hindawi.com)

In this study, the effects of JTE-013, a specific antagonist of the migration-inhibitory receptor EDG-5, on Sph-1-P-elicited responses were examined in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs), which expressed EDG-5 protein weakly and abundantly, respectively. (nih.gov)
The vascular endothelium modulates contractile responses to 5-HT and ET-1 in human subcutaneous resistance arteries but this effect is lost in patients with NPG, indicating a selective defect in agonist mediated release of endothelium derived vasodilators. (bmj.com)

Preservation of healthy endothelium is of major importance in the prevention and treatment of stroke. (mayo.edu)

however, the specific endothelial-derived factors that are responsible for vascular remodeling are poorly understood. (elsevierpure.com)
Vascular Ageing: Mechanisms, Risk Factors, and Treatment Strategies International Journal of Molecular Sciences. (nottingham.ac.uk)

We conclude that photorelaxation is caused by the release of NO from a photosensitive nitrosothiol(s), generated within VSM cells from tissue-bound thiols and endothelium-derived NO. (uhi.ac.uk)
This article is a review of exciting, recently generated genetic, biochemical and clinical data from studies that have examined the importance of the tissue kallikrein-kinin system in protection from hypertension, vascular remodeling and renal fibrosis. (nature.com)
Primordial endothelial cells specialize into tissue-specific phenotypes of arterial, venous, hemogenic, and lymphatic subtypes with distinct functions for vascular development. (beckman.com)

Precontracted vascular smooth muscle (VSM) relaxes when irradiated with visible or UV light. (uhi.ac.uk)

The present study was undertaken to characterize both vascular production and the enzymatic source of superoxide anion in type 2 diabetic rats. (diabetesjournals.org)
Furthermore, the expression of p22phox, a major component of vascular NAD(P)H oxidase, was markedly increased in the aorta from OLETF rats compared with that of LETO rats. (diabetesjournals.org)

We conclude that estrogen action(s) within the vascular endothelium in the endometrium may be mediated via direct binding to the ERβ isoform and that these cells could therefore be a target for agonists or antagonists that selectively target the β form of the ER. (elsevierpure.com)

YAP expression increased following laser exposure, in accordance with vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression. (molvis.org)

Anatomy62

Organisms14

Diseases18

Chemicals and Drugs90

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment28

Phenomena and Processes42

Disciplines and Occupations2

Technology, Industry, Agriculture1

Information Science2

Health Care1

Nitric Oxide5

Vasodilation10

Control of vascular tone2

Dysfunction9

Permeability5

Relaxation7

Dysfunctional2

Proliferation5

Pathogenesis2

Inflammation3

Endothelial Cadherin1

Homeostasis4

Regulation4

Vasodilatation1

Human vascular3

Dependent3

Blood16

Regulates1

Mechanisms of vascular1

Reactivity2

Vessels2

Inflammatory2

Diabetic vascular1

Cerebral1

Systemic1

Hyperglycemia3

Diseases1

Leakage1

Injury1

Unclear1

Protective2

Responses2

Stroke1

Factors2

Tissue3

Smooth1

Rats2

Antagonists1

VEGF1