• For the majority of drugs which undergo enterohepatic circulation that are not toxic to the intestine, inhibition of this process leads to a reduction of the levels of drug and reduced therapeutic effect. (wikipedia.org)
  • Sulfate and glucuronide conjugates of both ethinyl estradiol and phase I metabolites, which are excreted in bile, can undergo enterohepatic circulation. (druglib.com)
  • However, multidose activated charcoal may still have a role in interrupting enterohepatic circulation of amatoxin. (medscape.com)
  • Enterohepatic circulation refers to the circulation of biliary acids, bilirubin, drugs or other substances from the liver to the bile, followed by entry into the small intestine, absorption by the enterocyte and transport back to the liver. (wikipedia.org)
  • Enterohepatic circulation is an especially important concept in the field of toxicology as many lipophilic xenobiotics undergo this process causing repeated liver damage. (wikipedia.org)
  • There, hepatocytes extract bile acids very efficiently, and little escapes the healthy liver into systemic circulation. (wikipedia.org)
  • Enterohepatic circulation of drugs describes the process by which drugs are conjugated to glucuronic acid in the liver, excreted into bile, metabolized back into the free drug by intestinal bacteria, and the drug is then reabsorbed into plasma. (wikipedia.org)
  • Farnesoid X receptor (FXR) and its regulated target networks in both the liver and the intestines are critical in suppressing BA synthesis and promoting BA transport and enterohepatic circulation. (aspetjournals.org)
  • Insufficient hepatic mass or portal circulation deviated to the systemic circulation via extrahepatic portosystemic shunts (congenital or acquired) or microscopic shunting within the liver (congenital microvascular dysplasia) causes high TSBA concentrations. (merckvetmanual.com)
  • The developed liver model illustrating the enterohepatic circulation of drugs was compared to a commercial Simcyp model. (helsinki.fi)
  • Most of this is stored in the liver and is recycled via enterohepatic circulation. (wikidoc.org)
  • Bile salts circulate through this pathway from liver to gut to liver-the enterohepatic circulation-10 to 12 times/day. (merckmanuals.com)
  • There was efficient elimination by the kidney and liver, material secreted by the liver into bile and intestinal contents appeared not to be reabsorbed via an enterohepatic circulation. (europa.eu)
  • Recycling through liver by excretion in bile, reabsorption from intestines (INTESTINAL REABSORPTION) into portal circulation, passage back into liver, and re-excretion in bile. (bvsalud.org)
  • However, just like bile, some of the urobilinogen reabsorbed is resecreted in the bile which is also part of enterohepatic circulation. (wikipedia.org)
  • 95% of the bile acids which are delivered to the duodenum will be recycled by the enterohepatic circulation. (wikipedia.org)
  • Bacteria deconjugate some of the primary and secondary conjugated bile salts back to lipid-soluble bile acids, which are passively absorbed into hepatic portal circulation. (wikipedia.org)
  • However, ~15%-20% of dogs and 5%-10% of cats have higher TSBA concentrations before meal ingestion than after, likely reflecting physiologic variables influencing the enterohepatic circulation of bile acids (ie, the rate of gallbladder contraction, gastric emptying, and intestinal transit of bile acids to the ileum, where they are actively resorbed). (merckvetmanual.com)
  • Pharmacokinetic models of the enterohepatic circulation process has been summarized in a recent article. (wikipedia.org)
  • most intestinal bile salts reach the terminal ileum, which actively absorbs 90% of bile salts into the portal venous circulation. (merckmanuals.com)
  • Reciclado a través del hígado por excreción en la bilis, reabsorción desde el intestino (REABSORCIÓN INTESTINAL) a la circulación portal, retorno al hígado y reexcreción a la bilis. (bvsalud.org)
  • It is mainly excreted as metabolites in the bile, and is subject to enterohepatic circulation. (springer.com)
  • 17 , 18 This relatively high rate of absorption, combined with low daily requirements and the body's extremely efficient enterohepatic circulation of vitamin B 12 , contributes to the long period, often years, for a deficiency to become evident. (mja.com.au)
  • For example, antibiotics that kill gut bacteria often reduce enterohepatic drug circulation and this requires a temporary increase of the drug's dose until the antibiotic use is discontinued and the gut repopulates with bacteria. (wikipedia.org)
  • This effect of antibiotics on enterohepatic circulation of other drugs is one of several types of drug interactions. (wikipedia.org)
  • Along the proximal and distal ileum, these conjugated primary bile salts are reabsorbed actively into hepatic portal circulation. (wikipedia.org)
  • further explanation needed] Enteroenteric circulation Lipoproteins: Lipid Digestion & Transport Archived 2017-07-04 at the Wayback Machine by Joyce J. Diwan. (wikipedia.org)
  • The net effect of enterohepatic recirculation is that each bile salt molecule is reused about 20 times, often multiple times during a single digestive phase. (wikipedia.org)
  • Using a linked-rat procedure enterohepatic recirculation of biliary metabolites was demonstrated and suppression (antibiotic treatment) or absence (germ-free) of the gut microflora nearly eliminated recycling. (nih.gov)
  • Enterohepatic recirculation of endogenous compounds is aimed at maintaining a steady-state serum concentration for immediate use and hydrolysis in the target organs and this is very important to reduce the symptoms of Menopause and PMS. (brettelliott.com)
  • Bacteria deconjugate some of the primary and secondary conjugated bile salts back to lipid-soluble bile acids, which are passively absorbed into hepatic portal circulation. (wikipedia.org)
  • It was previously thought that antibiotics may decrease the effectiveness of OCs containing estrogens due to stimulation of metabolism or a reduction in enterohepatic circulation via changes in GI flora. (cycleforautism.com)
  • Enterohepatic circulation refers to the circulation of biliary acids, bilirubin, drugs or other substances from the liver to the bile, followed by entry into the small intestine, absorption by the enterocyte and transport back to the liver. (wikipedia.org)
  • There, hepatocytes extract bile acids very efficiently, and little escapes the healthy liver into systemic circulation. (wikipedia.org)
  • Bile salts are potentially toxic compounds, so their synthesis and transport in the enterohepatic circulation are tightly regulated. (rug.nl)
  • The bile salt export pump (BSEP) in the liver shows maximal expression in the absence of vitamin A, while other FXR-target genes such as SHP (small heterodimer partner) en FGF19 (fibroblast growth factor 19), which both inhibit bile salt synthesis, are maximally expressed in the presence of vitamin A. VAD alone increased plasma bile salt concentrations in rats. (rug.nl)
  • To address this, the present study utilized a "dose-response" model of CR, where male C57BL/6 mice were fed 0, 15, 30, or 40% CR diets for one month, followed by BA profiling in various compartments of the enterohepatic circulation by UPLC-MS/MS technique. (nih.gov)
  • To evaluate the pharmacokinetics (PK) of the monocarboxylate transporter 1 (MCT1) inhibitor AZD3965 in mice after IV and oral administration and to develop mechanistic PK models to assess the potential enterohepatic circulation (EHC) and target-mediated drug disposition (TMDD) of AZD3965. (simulations-plus.com)
  • This results in a partial removal of bile acids from the enterohepatic circulation by preventing their absorption. (canadapharmacyonline.com)
  • For the majority of drugs which undergo enterohepatic circulation that are not toxic to the intestine, inhibition of this process leads to a reduction of the levels of drug and reduced therapeutic effect. (wikipedia.org)
  • Along the proximal and distal ileum, these conjugated primary bile salts are reabsorbed actively into hepatic portal circulation. (wikipedia.org)
  • For example, antibiotics that kill gut bacteria often reduce enterohepatic drug circulation and this requires a temporary increase of the drug's dose until the antibiotic use is discontinued and the gut repopulates with bacteria. (wikipedia.org)
  • This effect of antibiotics on enterohepatic circulation of other drugs is one of several types of drug interactions. (wikipedia.org)
  • Some enterohepatic circulation of the drug is observed. (drugs.com)
  • Pharmacokinetic models of the enterohepatic circulation process has been summarized in a recent article. (wikipedia.org)
  • This process is known as enterohepatic circulation. (bodybio.com)
  • Microclimate is the ambient of plant and energy balance drives the circulation of matter. (youdao.com)
  • Compound immobile impeller can eliminate the fluid circulation and change the velocity energy into pressure energy. (youdao.com)