Gene expression regulation. Medical search. Frequent questions

His group studies the roles of a small family of CCCH tandem zinc finger proteins, exemplified by tristetraprolin or TTP, in the physiological regulation of mRNA turnover and translation. (nih.gov)
In transcription , the goal is to produce an mRNA (messenger RNA) copy of an entire gene from its DNA template. (untamedscience.com)
First, DNA is transcribed into an mRNA template when RNA polymerase (the gene copying machine) attaches to a gene on the DNA strand. (untamedscience.com)
The RNA polymerase slides down the DNA and spits out and exact mRNA copy of the gene. (untamedscience.com)
0.01) genes at mRNA and protein (prot) levels in the GR experiments, AA experiments, and XIA experiments, showing that a large number of genes are regulated by growth rate and metabolic parameter. (biorxiv.org)
The mRNA expression of vtg1 was inhibited by Cd(2+), but unaffected by TCDD in ZFL cells. (eurekamag.com)
Differences in the regulation of the mRNA levels of these genes were also observed between different developmental stages and between the livers of male and female zebrafish. (eurekamag.com)
Both steady-state mRNA levels and pericentral localization then declined, until only periportal hepatocytes showed strong expression of ME and FAS. (harvard.edu)
Nutritional compensation of the circadian clock is a conserved process influenced by gene expression regulation and mRNA stability. (bvsalud.org)
Our screen uncovered 16 novel mutants, and together with 4 mutants characterized in prior work , a model emerges where Nutritional Compensation of the fungal clock is achieved at the levels of transcription, chromatin regulation , and mRNA stability . (bvsalud.org)
In addition to mRNA, our lab also focuses on measuring microRNA expression - using real-time PCR and dedicated small RNA-Sequencing and in-situ hybridization protocols - and to investigate their regulatory functions, using in vitro studies, genetic mouse models and virus-based manipulations. (weizmann.ac.il)
This increases promoter efficiency and results in the expression of the structural genes through the production of a polycistronic messenger RNA (mRNA). (pharmacy180.com)
Translation is also a site of prokaryotic gene regulation: Excess ribosomal proteins bind the Shine-Dalgarno sequence on their own polycistronic mRNA, preventing ribosomes from binding. (pharmacy180.com)
Co- and posttranscriptional regulation is also seen in eukaryotes and includes splice-site choice, polyA-site choice, mRNA editing, and variations in mRNA stability as seen with transferrin receptor synthesis and with RNA interference. (pharmacy180.com)
Matsumiya and colleagues demonstrated that TNFα at a concentration of 10 ng/ml or higher induces IFNε mRNA expression by near twofold in HeLa cells, a cervical cancer cell line, although TNFα did not induce the IFNε promoter activity in this study [ 9 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

The Post-transcriptional Gene Expression Group is interested in the molecular mechanisms by which proteins of this family are regulated, and in their physiological roles in a variety of normal processes, including innate immunity in response to environmental cues, hematopoiesis, establishment of the fetal circulation, and placental physiology in mammals. (nih.gov)
A growing mouse oocyte, arrested at diplotene of its first meiotic prophase, transcribes and translates many of its own genes, thereby producing a store of proteins sufficient to support development to the 8-cell stage. (nih.gov)
The cells that make your toenail, for example, still have the genes that a heart muscle cell or a bone cell uses to make heart and bone-specific proteins. (untamedscience.com)
Cells can also adjust the "volume" of each gene and control how many proteins are produced. (untamedscience.com)
Our project offers a unique opportunity for Master's student to gain hands-on experience focused on transcriptional regulators with importance in expression of genes of outer membrane proteins that are essential in host-pathogen interaction. (lu.se)
The activation process, involving transcription factors, along with histones and cofactors, displaces or remodels chromatin, and opens up regions of the DNA and the core promoters of genes, for the binding of regulatory proteins to the core promoter, and the recruitment of RNA polymerase. (ukessays.com)
Such elements provide sites for specialized proteins (called transcription factors) to attach (bind) and either activate or repress the process by which the information from genes is turned into proteins (transcription). (medlineplus.gov)
To investigate neuronal circuits and visualize expression of our target genes and proteins, we use advanced tissue staining and fluorescent microscopy techniques, including single-molecule RNA hybridization, and confocal and light-sheet imaging. (weizmann.ac.il)
Regulation of gene expression occurs primarily at the level of transcription in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes and is mediated through the binding of trans-acting proteins to cis-acting regulatory elements on the DNA. (pharmacy180.com)
Operons typically are not present, but coordinate regulation of the transcription of genes located on different chromosomes can be achieved through the binding of trans-acting proteins to cis-acting elements. (pharmacy180.com)
Epigenetic changes to histone proteins and DNA also influence gene expression. (pharmacy180.com)
Thus, within these complexes, EZH2 proteins serve as the key histone code writers of the H3-K27me3 mark that leads to long-term epigenetic gene silencing. (biomedcentral.com)
Oncogenic HPV E6 and E7 destabilize cellular tumor suppressor proteins and induce aberrant expression of a subset of oncogenic and tumor-suppressive microRNAs (miRNAs) and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs). (cancer.gov)
Together, the HPV infection-induced degradation of host tumor suppressive proteins, aberrant expression of oncogenic and tumor-suppressive miRNAs and lncRNAs, and enhancement of SRp20 expression could be the major distinguishable mechanisms leading to the development of cervical cancer. (cancer.gov)

Převorovský M, Oravcová M, Tvarůžková J, Zach R, Folk P, Půta F, Bähler J. (2015) Fission Yeast CSL Transcription Factors: Mapping Their Target Genes and Biological Roles. (cuni.cz)
These IEGs might play important roles in activating target genes that regulate adaptations implicated in the behavioral manifestations diagnosed as addiction. (nih.gov)
Biochemically, through the use of genome-wide expression profiling, we demonstrate that EZH2β governs a pattern of gene repression that is often ontologically redundant from that of EZH2α, but also divergent for a wide variety of specific target genes. (biomedcentral.com)
In PCCL3 thyroid cells, PPFP binds to adipocyte PPARG target genes in preference to macrophage PPARG target genes, consistent with the pro-adipogenic nature of PPFP and its ligand pioglitazone in thyroid cells. (oncotarget.com)

Transcription of endogenous genes also has been detected in late 1-cell mouse embryos where it begins at the end of S-phase. (nih.gov)
Targeting of six selected endogenous genes with this system results in lowered transcript levels or reduced growth rates that agree with lack or shortage of data in previous transposon bombardment studies, and now produces actual cells to analyze. (jcvi.org)
It has also been shown that inhibition of histone deacetylases by specific inhibitors could reactivate endogenous genes previously scilenced by DNA methylation. (ukessays.com)

Differential contribution of the Gata1 gene hematopoietic enhancer to erythroid differentiation. (nih.gov)
The expression patterns of transcription factors indicated that the different co-expression of MYB10 and bHLH33 genes and the different expressions of WD40 are involved in the differential regulation mechanisms of anthocyanin biosynthesis and coloration pattern between occidental and oriental pears. (nih.gov)
In the presence of genetic or environmental perturbations, differential expression of genes, orchestrated by dedicated regulatory circuits, shapes the physiological responses of the cell. (biorxiv.org)
Expression of immediate early genes in brain reward circuitries: Differential regulation by psychostimulant and opioid drugs. (nih.gov)

More advanced studies focus on dietary protein control of intestinal hormone gene expression. (nih.gov)
Regulation of gene expression, or gene regulation, includes a wide range of mechanisms that are used by cells to increase or decrease the production of specific gene products (protein or RNA). (wikipedia.org)
Virtually any step of gene expression can be modulated, from transcriptional initiation, to RNA processing, and to the post-translational modification of a protein. (wikipedia.org)
Gene regulation is essential for viruses, prokaryotes and eukaryotes as it increases the versatility and adaptability of an organism by allowing the cell to express protein when needed. (wikipedia.org)
Any step of gene expression may be modulated, from signaling to transcription to post-translational modification of a protein. (wikipedia.org)
Role of protein kinase C in regulation of gene expression and relevance to tumor promotion. (nih.gov)
2018). Protein condensates formed by transcription factors, co-activators, and RNAPII (via the CTD) are major players in gene expression regulation, notably by providing local environments favorable for the assembly of macromolecular assemblies such as super-enhancers (Boija et al. (ircm.qc.ca)
We obtained structural, biochemical and genetic evidence that both activities require binding of HBx to host cell protein DDB1, a subunit of an E3 ligase involved in cell cycle regulation. (unige.ch)
Převorovský M, Oravcová M, Zach R, Jordáková A, Bähler J, Půta F, Folk P. (2016) CSL protein regulates transcription of genes required to prevent catastrophic mitosis in fission yeast. (cuni.cz)
The Lim domain binding protein 1 (LDB1) is essential for cell identity determination and cell-specific gene expression regulation through promoter-enhancer looping. (nih.gov)
The toenail-making cell, for example, does have the gene to make myoglobin (a protein found in muscle cell), but it has disabled the gene for that particular protein (could you imagine if it did? (untamedscience.com)
Instead, the toenail-making cell creates keratin (a protein found in your nails), while the heart muscle-making cell disables this gene. (untamedscience.com)
Of all the protein-coding genes in Gencode, 65% are expressed in the retina. (whiterose.ac.uk)
Cloning, expression studies, organellar targeting and phylogenetic analysis of this protein are described. (lu.se)
For example, with the discovery of alternative splicing, we now know that most human genes produce more than one protein isoform, and this is the main reason for protein isoform diversity. (nih.gov)
researchers found that miRNAs have the ability to bind to messenger RNAs (mRNAs) and block protein expression, either by promoting degradation or by silencing translation. (nih.gov)
There will be involved gene engineering and molecular biology methods such as PCR, SDS-PAGE, qPCR, western blot, DNA-protein interaction assays, flow cytometry etc. (lu.se)
Some noncoding DNA regions, called introns, are located within protein-coding genes but are removed before a protein is made. (medlineplus.gov)
Gene expression results in the production of a functional gene product (either RNA or protein) through the processes of replication, transcription, and translation. (pharmacy180.com)
In prokaryotes, such as E. coli, the coordinate regulation of genes whose protein products are required for a particular process is achieved through operons (groups of genes sequentially arranged on the chromosome along with the regulatory elements that determine their transcription). (pharmacy180.com)
The lac operon contains the Z, Y, and A structural genes, the protein products of which are needed for the catabolism of lactose. (pharmacy180.com)
When glucose is available, the operon is repressed by the binding of t h e repressor protein (the product of the lacI gene) to the operator, thus preventing transcription. (pharmacy180.com)
In multicellular organisms, hormones can cause coordinated regulation, either through the binding of the hormone receptor-hormone complex to the DNA (as with steroid hormones) or through the binding of a protein that is activated in response to a second messenger (as with glucagon). (pharmacy180.com)
Expression and clustering of the main endothelial-specific adherens junction protein, VEC (vascular endothelial cadherin), upregulate genes with key roles in endothelial differentiation and stability. (crick.ac.uk)
Which protein influences the ability of RNA polymerase to transcribe genes? (easynotecards.com)
Natural selection on protein-coding genes in the human genome. (nature.com)
At the cell biological level, we find that increased EZH2β induces cell proliferation, demonstrating that this protein is functional in the regulation of processes previously attributed to EZH2α. (biomedcentral.com)
Dr. Zheng first identified RNA cis-elements in regulation of alternative RNA splicing in papillomavirus in 1996 and has been studying protein-RNA interactions and their consequences in various infections with tumor viruses, including high-risk human papillomaviruses and Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus. (cancer.gov)
In KSHV lytic infection, the viral lytic gene ORF57 encodes a multifunctional, caspase-7-sensitive protein to regulate the expression of a subset of viral lytic genes at the post-transcriptional level. (cancer.gov)
The protein encoded by this gene is the non-catalytic B subunit of RNase H2, which is thought to play a role in DNA replication. (nih.gov)

Methylation of DNA is a common method of gene silencing. (wikipedia.org)
Often, DNA methylation and histone deacetylation work together in gene silencing. (wikipedia.org)
Perhaps one of the coolest is by turning particular genes off through a process called DNA methylation . (untamedscience.com)
DNA methylation and cis-regulation of gene expression by prostate cancer risk SNPs. (nih.gov)
We identify and compare expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs) and CpG methylation quantitative trait loci (meQTLs) among 147 established PrCa risk SNPs in primary prostate tumors (n = 355 from a Seattle-based study and n = 495 from The Cancer Genome Atlas, TCGA) and tumor-adjacent, histologically benign samples (n = 471 from a Mayo Clinic study). (nih.gov)
The role of DNA methylation in eQTL regulation of gene expression was investigated by data triangulation using several causal inference approaches, including a proposed adaptation of the Causal Inference Test (CIT) for causal direction. (nih.gov)
Third, among risk SNPs identified as both eQTLs and meQTLs, mediation analyses suggest that over two-thirds have evidence of a causal role for DNA methylation, mostly mediating genetic influence on gene expression. (nih.gov)
Finally, our mediation analyses illuminate the likely intermediary role of CpG methylation in eQTL regulation of gene expression. (nih.gov)
Epigenetics is the regulation of gene expression involving chromatin-based pathways, and includes 3 distinct, but highly interrelated, mechanisms: DNA methylation, histone density and posttranslational modifications, and RNA-based mechanisms. (ukessays.com)
Both DNA methylation and chromatin modification are believed to regulate gene expression. (ukessays.com)
We also investigate how epigenetic mechanisms like DNA methylation regulate gene expression during stress, using DNA-pyrosequencing, traditional BS-sequencing, TAB-sequencing and genetic mouse models. (weizmann.ac.il)
It was investigated whether the resulting four life histories were associated with changes in anxiety-like behaviour, gene expression of selected genes involved in anxiety and stress circuits, and arginine vasopressin receptor 1a (Avpr1a) gene methylation. (nih.gov)
and (3) hippocampal DNA methylation within the Avpr1a gene. (nih.gov)
This decrease in Avpr1a expression may have been, in part, a consequence of increased methylation in the Avpr1a gene. (nih.gov)

An accompanying commentary [ 2 ] highlights similarities between cancer and rheumatoid arthritis-both lesions proliferate autonomously, and both are sensitive to drugs such as methotrexate-and suggests that analysis of Wnt gene expression may provide a better understanding of the underlying mechanisms involved in both diseases. (medscape.com)
However, basic mechanisms underlying the influence of dietary factors and related metabolites on gene transcription need further study. (nih.gov)
In addition to studies focusing on mechanisms controlling gene regulation by dietary factors, support is also needed for work on the interactions between genetic factors and nutrition. (nih.gov)
Transcription of a gene by RNA polymerase can be regulated by several mechanisms. (wikipedia.org)
We use the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a model to address fundamental questions about the mechanisms by which transcriptional activators control gene expression. (unige.ch)
We study the mechanisms of splicing regulation and the relationship between splicing and transcription using yeast as model organisms. (cuni.cz)
However, the precise mechanisms by which LDB1 contributes to gene regulation and chromatin structure modification during erythrocyte development stages are not well understood. (nih.gov)
Development of such a framework would allow perturbation-specific gene regulation mechanisms to be uncoupled from global gene expression control, and allow synthetic gene circuits with complex behaviours to be designed ( 9 , 10 ). (biorxiv.org)
These results indicate that lipogenic gene expression is a temporal response induced by carbohydrate feeding and is regulated by both positional and transcriptional mechanisms. (harvard.edu)
During my Ph.D., I decided to pursue my thesis project in a lab working in the RNA field and, more specifically, on the mechanisms of alternative splicing regulation. (nih.gov)
To study gene function and disease mechanisms in-vivo, we use transgenic mouse models, together with site-specific manipulations of neuronal targets using viral injections. (weizmann.ac.il)
Currently involved in identifying disease mechanisms and developing treatment paradigms using gene therapy, cell-based therapy, and small molecule screening. (nih.gov)
At the cellular level, effectors include nuclear receptors that bring about changes in gene expression through up-regulation or down-regulation and act in negative feedback mechanisms. (wikipedia.org)
This analysis demonstrates the complexity of transcriptional and chromatin dynamics and their regulation over multiple tissues, as well as the value of the CC and related genetic resource populations for identifying specific regulatory mechanisms within cells and tissues. (duke.edu)
Thus, the key pathways, DEGs, and hub genes identified in this study can provide important clues to elucidate the molecular mechanisms involved in MMTV replication, escape from cellular anti-viral response, and potential to cause cell transformation. (harvard.edu)

Regulation at the translational level can be caused by the phosphorylation and inhibition of eukaryotic initiation factor, eIF-2. (pharmacy180.com)
is directly produced from the transcription of a eukaryotic gene. (easynotecards.com)

Some of these modifications that regulate gene expression are inheritable and are referred to as epigenetic regulation. (wikipedia.org)
At first, only a few lncRNAs were known to exist, but as technologies improved, next generation sequencing (RNA-seq) revealed a large number of lncRNAs, with several of them playing roles in epigenetic regulation and gene expression during embryonic development or cancer. (nih.gov)

We exploited inter-individual variability in gene expression to infer a gene co-expression network and to identify genes specifically expressed in photoreceptor cells. (whiterose.ac.uk)
The aim of this study was to identify genes and molecular pathways dysregulated by MMTV expression in mammary epithelial cells. (harvard.edu)

We analyzed, using gene targeting and site directed mutagenesis, the essential function of the splicing factor SNW/SKIP in unicellular eukaryotes. (cuni.cz)
Here, we discuss the ability of the NF-κB (nuclear factor κB)/IKK [IκB (inhibitor of NF-κB) kinase] pathways to regulate cyclin D1 gene transcription and also consider the newly discovered role of the SNARP (SNIP1/SkIP-associated RNA processing) complex as a co-transcriptional regulator of cyclin D1 RNA stability. (portlandpress.com)

How do mammalian cells regulate and control gene expression? (ukessays.com)
We find that the wild-type mammalian clock is also compensated across a large range of external glucose concentrations, as observed in Neurospora , and that knocking down the mammalian orthologs of the Neurospora compensation -associated genes CPSF6 or SETD2 in human cells also results in nutrient -dependent period length changes. (bvsalud.org)

This lecture has been broken into ten chapters and may be viewed by clicking on the links provided, beginning with Introduction To Social Regulation for Human Gene Expression . (nih.gov)

Sophisticated programs of gene expression are widely observed in biology, for example to trigger developmental pathways, respond to environmental stimuli, or adapt to new food sources. (wikipedia.org)
In different cellular contexts, different pathways assume a dominant role in regulating its expression, whereas their disregulation can contribute to overexpression of cyclin D1 in tumorigenesis. (portlandpress.com)
Similarly, DHT exerted a significant, but primarily cell-specific, influence on many gene ontologies and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways. (molvis.org)
By ChIP-seq and RNA-seq analysis, we demonstrate that histone Kbhb is a mark enriched in active gene promoters and that the increased H3K9bhb levels that occur during starvation are associated with genes upregulated in starvation-responsive metabolic pathways. (umn.edu)
This modification is induced significantly during prolonged fasting in mouse liver and is associated with genes upregulated in starvation-responsive metabolic pathways (amino acid metabolism, redox homeostasis, circadian rhythm, and PPAR signaling). (umn.edu)
The identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were grouped on the basis of gene ontology and relevant molecular pathways. (harvard.edu)
Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) identified 31 molecular pathways dysregulated upon MMTV expression, amongst which the PI3-AKT-mTOR was observed to be the central pathway down-regulated by MMTV. (harvard.edu)

Cyclin D1 is a key regulator of cell proliferation and its expression is subject to both transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation. (portlandpress.com)
This thesis describes the role of the conserved histone acetyltransferase (HAT) Gcn5 in transcriptional regulation in Schizosaccharomyces pombe. (diva-portal.org)
Deletion mutants of vtg1 gene promoters were constructed to investigate transcriptional regulation, and we found that all of the constructs failed to respond to TCDD or Cd(2+). (eurekamag.com)
However, after co-transfection with a vtg1 promoter-luciferase construct to the ERα, ERβ1, ERβ2 and GPER expression vectors, decreased luciferase activity was observed in the ERα co-transfection group after treatment with Cd(2+), suggesting that ERα participates in vtg1 transcriptional regulation and is affected by Cd(2+). (eurekamag.com)
The nucleosome is the major subunit of chromatin which does not just serve a structural role but plays a critical role in transcriptional regulation. (ukessays.com)
2) Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) gene expression and post-transcriptional regulation. (cancer.gov)

The second phase of ZGA is specific for a subset of zygotic genes. (nih.gov)
Activation of gene expression requires that cells alleviate nucleosome mediated repression of an appropriate subset of genes. (ukessays.com)
Genes can be either constitutive (always expressed, housekeeping genes) or regulated (expressed only under certain conditions in all cells or in a subset of cells). (pharmacy180.com)

This program announcement, Nutrient Influence on Gene Regulation and Expression, is related to the priority areas focusing on the roles of specific dietary factors in the etiology and prevention of chronic diseases and obesity. (nih.gov)
Our current interest focuses on the roles of RNA structures in the regulation of splicing. (cuni.cz)
With the new and developing understanding of non-coding RNAs' roles in gene expression regulation, we can modify the central dogma of biology. (nih.gov)
and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), which are longer lengths of RNA that have diverse roles in regulating gene activity. (medlineplus.gov)
Such targeted gene integration into the genome provided unprecedented power to characterize the functional roles of various genes in model organisms. (nature.com)
These data support the notion that the regulation of EZH2-mediated gene silencing is more complex than previously anticipated and should guide the design and interpretation of future studies aimed at understanding the biochemical and biological roles of this important family of epigenomic regulators. (biomedcentral.com)

In multicellular organisms, gene regulation drives cellular differentiation and morphogenesis in the embryo, leading to the creation of different cell types that possess different gene expression profiles from the same genome sequence. (wikipedia.org)
These findings highlight the critical role of LDB1 in maintaining both ESC stemness and promoting differentiation through its influence on gene expression and genome organization. (nih.gov)
Each gene is outlined by two separate DNA sequences in the genome-a promoter sequence (the start of the gene), and a terminator sequence (the end of the gene). (untamedscience.com)
The ObsT included 77 623 transcripts (23 960 genes) covering 137 Mb (35 Mb new transcribed genome). (whiterose.ac.uk)
We examined genetic nteractions between Delta elp3 and two other HAT mutants, Delta mst2 nd Delta gcn5 and used whole genome microarray analysis to analyze heir effects on gene expression. (diva-portal.org)
We map genome-wide Gcn5 occupancy and show that Gcn5 is predominantly localized to coding regions of highly transcribed genes. (diva-portal.org)
Here, we will present a brief history of gene-editing tools and describe the wide range of CRISPR-based genome-targeting tools. (nature.com)
The application areas of CRISPR technology that are extending beyond genome editing, such as targeted gene regulation, epigenetic modulation, chromatin manipulation, and live cell chromatin imaging, will be particularly emphasized. (nature.com)
We demonstrated that SRp20 is a proto-oncogene essential for cell proliferation by regulating genome-wide RNA splicing of several hundred host genes. (cancer.gov)

The researchers used several molecular methods, including real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), in situ hybridization, and immunohistochemistry analyses, to pinpoint the particular Wnt genes that might be implicated in these disease processes. (medscape.com)
Not surprisingly, there are many factors that influence gene expression both molecular and environmental. (ukessays.com)
We emphasize recent developments concerning the molecular basis for osmotic regulation of these genes, including identification and characterization of osmotic response elements. (elsevierpure.com)
One deletion removes a sensory vibrissae and penile spine enhancer from the human androgen receptor ( AR ) gene, a molecular change correlated with anatomical loss of androgen-dependent sensory vibrissae and penile spines in the human lineage 9 , 10 . (nature.com)
Molecular mechanism underlying 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D regulation of nephrin gene expression. (uchicago.edu)

In this lecture, Dr. Cole will summarize the developing field of social genomics, and its efforts to identify the types of genes subject to social regulation. (nih.gov)
Name types of genes that are sensitive to the social environment. (nih.gov)

Recent studies indicate that this is an emerging area, rich with opportunities, but in need of additional support for further development of research efforts It appears that nutritional factors, e.g., various vitamins regulated via dietary intake can interact with other regulatory networks, such as tissue-specific, developmental, and hormonal factors, as well as dietary fat or carbohydrate, to regulate gene expression. (nih.gov)
Often, one gene regulator controls another, and so on, in a gene regulatory network. (wikipedia.org)
We show that this regulatory scheme, named PCF11-mediated expression regulation through IPA (PEIPA), takes place in cell differentiation, during which downregulation of PCF11 is coupled with upregulation of long genes with functions in cell morphology, adhesion, and migration. (nih.gov)
In addition to specific regulatory circuits, gene expression is also regulated by global physiological cues such as the cell growth rate and metabolic parameters. (biorxiv.org)
Thus, the gene expression program following a perturbation reflects a joint effect of the specific regulatory circuits that are induced (or repressed) by the perturbation, as well as the global influence on gene expression by an altered physiological state ( Fig 1A ). (biorxiv.org)
For example, noncoding DNA contains sequences that act as regulatory elements, determining when and where genes are turned on and off. (medlineplus.gov)
Histone β-hydroxybutyrylation thus represents a new epigenetic regulatory mark that couples metabolism to gene expression, offering a new avenue to study chromatin regulation and diverse functions of β-hydroxybutyrate in the context of important human pathophysiological states, including diabetes, epilepsy, and neoplasia. (umn.edu)
This study aims to understand how RNA splicing and small regulatory RNAs regulate the expression of viral and host genes in viral carcinogenesis. (cancer.gov)
Gene transcription profiles across tissues are largely defined by the activity of regulatory elements, most of which correspond to regions of accessible chromatin. (duke.edu)

These results suggest that despite its morphological simplicity and invariant cell-lineage, the ancestral notochord is a mosaic of cells in which the gene cascade downstream of Brachyury is differentially modulated. (nyu.edu)
Expression of IFNα, IFNβ, and IFNε was differentially regulated in response to various cytokines. (biomedcentral.com)

It regulates many haematopoietic genes and interacts with a number of other transcription factors. (nih.gov)
PPFP binds to and regulates many genes involved in cancer-related processes. (oncotarget.com)

We are particularly interested in understanding how the RNA polymerase II basal transcription machinery assembles at the promoter of genes in response to activators, an in determining the role of chromatin and histone modifications in this process. (unige.ch)
esults: We isolated the elp3(+) gene encoding the histone cetyltransferase subunit of the Elongator complex in fission yeast and haracterized the phenotype of an Delta elp3 mutant. (diva-portal.org)
We also investigate the interactions between Gcn5 and other histone deacetylases and acetyltransferases and show overlapping functionality between Gcn5 and another histone acetyltransferase, Mst2, in stress response, regulation of subtelomeric genes and DNA damage repair. (diva-portal.org)
Histone methyltransferase enhancer of zeste homologue 2 (EZH2) forms an obligate repressive complex with suppressor of zeste 12 and embryonic ectoderm development, which is thought, along with EZH1, to be primarily responsible for mediating Polycomb-dependent gene silencing. (biomedcentral.com)
Combined, these results demonstrate that an expanded repertoire of EZH2 writers can modulate histone code instruction during histone 3 lysine 27-mediated gene silencing. (biomedcentral.com)
The currently accepted hierarchical model of Polycomb-mediated gene repression begins with the trimethylation of histone 3 at lysine 27 (H3-K27me3) through the action of Polycomb repressive complex (PRC) 2, a multi-subunit complex. (biomedcentral.com)

In this study we have described studies that have looked at different aspects of gene regulation such as chromatin structure and promoters. (ukessays.com)
Promoters are typically found just ahead of the gene on the DNA strand. (medlineplus.gov)

High-resolution mapping of elongating RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) in yeast using Native Elongating Transcript sequencing (NET-seq) revealed frequent pausing events in the 5'end of genes (Churchman and Weissman, 2011). (ircm.qc.ca)
When a methyl group binds to a promoter sequence of a particular gene, it makes it virtually "invisible" to the RNA polymerase. (untamedscience.com)

Genes in central carbon metabolism, however, are regulated independently of these global physiological cues. (biorxiv.org)
B. Experimental design to orthogonally probe the effects of growth rate and amino acid metabolism on gene expression. (biorxiv.org)
Based on QTL and mediation analyses over multiple tissues, we propose a causal model for the distal genetic regulation of Akr1e1, a gene involved in glycogen metabolism, through the zinc finger transcription factor Zfp985 and chromatin intermediates. (duke.edu)
These results suggest that EPA may modulate lipid metabolism by stimulation of lipolysis, which was associated with induction of lipolytic gene expression and suppression of adipogenic gene expression in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. (ewha.ac.kr)

Towards this end, mRNAseq was performed on normal mouse mammary epithelial cells stably expressing MMTV, and expression of host genes was analyzed compared with cells in its absence. (harvard.edu)

Chromatin can repress gene expression by inhibiting access of the transcriptional factors to the DNA. (ukessays.com)
Others prevent structural changes in the DNA that repress gene activity (barrier insulators). (medlineplus.gov)

This announcement is intended to stimulate research on dietary factors and related metabolic interactions that have direct or indirect nutrient influence on specific gene regulation and expression. (nih.gov)
A. Gene expression profiles of a cell depends on both specific gene expression programs induced by specific perturbations, as well as the global influence on gene expression by the physiological state of the cell. (biorxiv.org)
Scientists working on projects requiring modulation of specific gene expression can use non-coding RNAs as powerful tools to achieve gene knockdowns. (nih.gov)

Name one neural or endocrine pathway that can mediate social influence on gene expression. (nih.gov)

Which of the following regions of a structural gene contains the information that specifies an amino acid sequence? (easynotecards.com)

Deciphering such regulation is the key to understanding the commitment and differentiation of blood cells. (nih.gov)
LDB1 deficiency also affected erythrocyte differentiation after ESCs transitioned to embryoid bodies, as indicated by decreased expression of Ter119 and CD71 markers. (nih.gov)
Transcriptomic analysis revealed upregulated expression of Lin28b, a gene typically suppressed during erythroid progenitor differentiation and loss of self-renewal capacity. (nih.gov)
Given that DNA is compacted into a highly condensed and ordered structure, considerable interest has focused on how the transcriptional machinery gains access to the genes contained within chromatin and expresses them in an organized program, as is required in the processes of cellular differentiation and development. (ukessays.com)
Polycomb-mediated repression influences gene expression across the entire gamut of biological processes, including development, differentiation and cellular proliferation. (biomedcentral.com)

We sought to determine whether this hormone action involves the regulation of epithelial cell gene expression in these tissues. (molvis.org)
We determined the effect of these cytokines on gene expression of type I IFNs in an immortalized endocervical epithelial cell line (A2EN) and in primary cervical epithelial cells. (biomedcentral.com)

This research reveals the different expression patterns of anthocyanin biosynthesis enzyme genes and transcription factors in six red-skinned pear cultivars with different genetic backgrounds. (nih.gov)
To elucidate the characteristics of pigmentation in pear cultivars with different genetic backgrounds, six cultivars, belonging to P. communis, P. pyrifolia, P. ussuriensis, P. bretschneideri, and a hybrid of P. communis × P. pyrifolia, were used to detect pigment concentrations, expressions of seven anthocyanin biosynthesis enzyme genes, and three related transcription factor genes. (nih.gov)
However, there is no evidence for verlap with another HAT enzyme, encoded by the essential mst1(+) gene. (diva-portal.org)
Using a protocol of fasting and refeeding a high-carbohydrate, no-fat diet to obtain maximal induction, we investigated the temporal expression and localization of malic enzyme (ME) and fatty acid synthase (FAS). (harvard.edu)
The strain would have a mutation in the gene that encodes enzyme 1. (easynotecards.com)
In the same cytoplasmic environment, and following egg activation and DNA replication, the gene for DNA-ligase I introduced by the male pronucleus is unable to direct any production of the corresponding enzyme. (silverchair.com)

Repressors bind to the Operator, coding sequences on the DNA strand that are close to or overlapping the promoter region, impeding RNA polymerase's progress along the strand, thus impeding the expression of the gene. (wikipedia.org)
If it can't find the promoter sequence of the gene anymore, it can't start translation. (untamedscience.com)
Several systems consisting of a chimeric promoter containing a specific tandem operator (Op) placed adjacent to a minimal promoter ( P min ) that drives expression of the therapeutic transgene are under development (Fig. 18). (brainkart.com)
Pretreatment of cells with the IκB inhibitor, which blocks the NF-κB pathway, suppressed TNFα-mediated IFNε gene induction and promoter activation. (biomedcentral.com)
Finally, we also determined the involvement of the NF-κB pathway in TNFα-mediated IFNε gene induction and promoter activation. (biomedcentral.com)

Significant regulation appears to be at the level of transcription, with controlled modulation of messenger RNA levels. (nih.gov)
We hypothesize that androgen action on the eye involves the local, intracrine synthesis of this sex steroid from adrenal precursors (e.g., dehydroepiandrosterone), binding to saturable, high-affinity and androgen-specific receptors, control of gene transcription, and ultimately modulation of translation. (molvis.org)
Targeting the ksgA gene with CRISPRi removes the lethal effect of kasugamycin and enables cell growth, thereby establishing specific and effective gene modulation with our system. (jcvi.org)

PEIPA targets distinct gene sets in different cell contexts with similar rules. (nih.gov)

Future studies will be directed toward understanding the relationship among Wnt genes, Wnt receptors, and the effectors of Wnt signaling in joint tissues. (medscape.com)

The ksgA gene encodes a methylase that modifies 16S rRNA, rendering it vulnerable to inhibition by the antibiotic kasugamycin. (jcvi.org)

onclusions: Comparison of phenotypes and expression profiles in single, ouble and triple mutants indicate that these HAT enzymes have verlapping functions. (diva-portal.org)

is head of the Post-Transcriptional Gene Expression Group and holds a secondary appointment in the NIEHS Immunity, Inflammation, and Disease Laboratory . (nih.gov)
Language: English / Format: Text / Subject: Mutagenesis and Gene Expression Regulation / Genre: Articles / Publisher: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory. (nih.gov)

The Vibrio cholerae master regulator for the activation of biofilm biogenesis genes, VpsR, senses both cyclic di-GMP and phosphate. (nih.gov)
Conformational change of the Bordetella response regulator BvgA accompanies its activation of the B. pertussis virulence gene fhaB. (nih.gov)
2018). Transcription Factors Activate Genes through the Phase-Separation Capacity of Their Activation Domains. (ircm.qc.ca)
In erythropoiesis, the activation of the Œ≤-globin gene relies on the LDB1 complex, which enables interaction with the distant locus control region (LCR) enhancer. (nih.gov)
The facile methods for conditional gene activation and inactivation in mycoplasmas open the door to systematic dissection of genetic programs at the core of cellular life. (jcvi.org)
IEGs include classes of low expression genes that can become very highly induced within seconds or minutes of activation by endogenous or exogenous stimuli. (nih.gov)
Comparison of our results with the Wnt1 mouse model revealed further insights into how MMTV expression could lead to activation of the Wnt1 pathway independent of insertional mutagenesis. (harvard.edu)
However, this expression depends on a preliminary DNA replication that occurs normally between 21 h and 31 h following activation at 18°C. Thus, the gene for DNA-ligase I is overtly expressed at the 1-cell stage. (silverchair.com)

however, the genomic binding sites of PPFP have not been identified, and only limited data exist to characterize gene expression in PPFP thyroid carcinomas. (oncotarget.com)
We expressed PPFP in PCCL3 rat thyroid cells and used ChIP-seq to identify PPFP genomic binding sites (PPFP peaks) and RNA-seq to characterize PPFP-dependent gene expression. (oncotarget.com)
Here we characterize expression and chromatin state dynamics across three tissues-liver, lung, and kidney-in 47 strains of the Collaborative Cross (CC) mouse population, examining the regulation of these dynamics by expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) and chromatin QTL (cQTL). (duke.edu)

Eight to 10 hours later during G2-phase of 2-cell embryos,expression of zygotic genes increases in both amount and complexity. (nih.gov)
We characterized a putative Ci-Bra target gene, which we named Ci-multidom, and analyzed in detail its expression pattern in normal embryos and in embryos where Ci-Bra was misexpressed. (nyu.edu)
Haploid androgenetic axolotl embryos develop devoid of the 8S DNA-ligase characteristic of control embryos ( Fig. 1A,B ). The paternal gene for DNA-ligase I is in a repressed state. (silverchair.com)

It is expected that regardless of approach, all studies will be focused on normal and/or abnormal control of gene regulation and expression. (nih.gov)

The expression patterns of genes encoding enzymes indicated that ANS and UFGT were decisive genes for anthocyanin biosynthesis for red-skinned pear, and their different expressions led to the coloration differences between occidental and oriental pears. (nih.gov)
By studying gene expression patterns in M. chelonae, a close relative of M. tuberculosis, in the presence and absence of prophage BPs, we determined prophage impact mycobacterial gene expression. (umaine.edu)
Scholars@Duke publication: Integrative QTL analysis of gene expression and chromatin accessibility identifies multi-tissue patterns of genetic regulation. (duke.edu)

Androgen treatment significantly influenced the expression of approximately 3,000 genes in immortalized human meibomian gland and conjunctival epithelial cells. (molvis.org)
Our findings support our hypothesis that androgens regulate gene expression in human meibomian gland and conjunctival epithelial cells. (molvis.org)
To continue to test our hypothesis, we examined the influence of androgens in gene expression in immortalized human meibomian gland and conjunctival epithelial cells. (molvis.org)
Using CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing, we generated LDB1-deleted mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs) to investigate LDB1's role in erythropoiesis. (nih.gov)
Tuning Gene Activity by Inducible and Targeted Regulation of Gene Expression in Minimal Bacterial Cells. (jcvi.org)
To get an idea of how gene regulation and expression work in your cells, imagine someone went through your house and turned on all your electrical components at full-blast. (untamedscience.com)
Each one of your 37.2 trillion cells has a complete copy of all of the genes within your DNA, but they're not all turned on at the same time. (untamedscience.com)
This process is called gene regulation and expression , and there are many ways that cells can do it. (untamedscience.com)
In this article, we'll go over some of the most common ways that cells can regulate and express genes. (untamedscience.com)
However, it is becoming clear that at least some of it is integral to the function of cells, particularly the control of gene activity. (medlineplus.gov)
Adaptation of cells to hypertonicity often involves changes in gene expression. (elsevierpure.com)
Discovered how certain genes and molecules control the development of light-sensitive retinal cells from stem/progenitor cells in the eye. (nih.gov)
However, its regulation by cytokines, including TNFα, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-17, IL-22 and IFNα, which are commonly present in the female genital mucosa, is not well documented in freshly isolated primary cervical cells from tissues. (biomedcentral.com)
Interestingly, the expression of other type I IFNs including IFNα, IFNβ, IFNκ and IFNω, is not induced by TNFα in HeLa cells [ 9 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
IL-1β had a moderate effect on IFNα expression (twofold induction) in A2EN cells (Fig. 1 a). (biomedcentral.com)
Interestingly, a global down-regulation of gene expression was observed, where nearly 74% of the DEGs in HC11 cells were repressed by MMTV expression, an observation similar to what was observed in the PyMT mouse model during tumor progression, from hyperplasia to adenoma to early and late carcinomas. (harvard.edu)

enables a single gene to encode two or more polypeptides that are different in their amino acid sequence. (easynotecards.com)

Mitochondrial genes were among the most highly expressed, accounting for about 10% of the reads. (whiterose.ac.uk)
The first part of this thesis is focused in the study of redox regulation of mitochondrial gene expression. (lu.se)
This approach allowed the identification of the respiratory complex II as a key component of regulation of mitochondrial translation. (lu.se)

Regulated gene expression systems currently under development are responsive to small-molecule drugs such as antibiotics, steroids, immunosuppres-sants and their derivatives (Goverdhana, 2005). (brainkart.com)

Give examples of social and environmental factors that can have significant effects on gene expression. (nih.gov)

While these systems involve dosing and control of a single therapeutic transgene, development of elaborate semi-synthetic gene networks, capable of interacting seamlessly with cellular processes to produce self-sustained, feedback-controlled and physiologically triggered transgene expression is underway. (brainkart.com)
The long-term goal is to develop a series of therapeutic approaches to control viral or cellular gene expression for cancer or AIDS treatments and to identify biomarkers for clinical diagnosis and prognosis. (cancer.gov)

Leveraging overlapping measurements of gene expression and chromatin accessibility on the same mice from multiple tissues, we used mediation analysis to identify chromatin and gene expression intermediates of eQTL effects. (duke.edu)

In summary, we provide a comprehensive catalog of eQTLs, meQTLs and putative cancer genes for known PrCa risk SNPs. (nih.gov)

Hence these modifications may up or down regulate the expression of a gene. (wikipedia.org)

The regulation of gene expression is a fundamental aspect of most biological processes and is often affected in disease. (unige.ch)

Recent research has discovered that socio-environmental conditions may have an effect on human gene expression. (nih.gov)
Our findings can be used to augment gene expression profiling analyses in the distantly related yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe and a human cancer cell model. (biorxiv.org)
We experimentally validated the photoreceptors localization of three genes in human retina that had not been previously reported. (whiterose.ac.uk)
Deregulation of EZH2 expression is implicated in numerous complex human diseases. (biomedcentral.com)

RNA-seq data and the gene co-expression network are available online (http://retina.tigem.it). (whiterose.ac.uk)

During lysogenic infection of M. chelonae the most highly expressed gene from the BPs prophage was the immunity repressor (gp33). (umaine.edu)

Although downregulation of PCF11 leads to inhibition of short gene expression, long genes are upregulated because of suppressed intronic polyadenylation (IPA) enriched in large introns. (nih.gov)

Most of the transcripts (92%) were multi-exonic: 81% with known isoforms, 16% with new isoforms and 3% belonging to new genes. (whiterose.ac.uk)
Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. (nih.gov)

2016). Because not all prophage encode obvious virulence genes, we hypothesize that prophage impact bacterial virulence by altering bacterial gene expression. (umaine.edu)

Conventional transposon bombardment and gene knockout approaches often fail to reveal functions of genes that are essential for viability, where lethality precludes phenotypic characterization. (jcvi.org)

Such modifications are considered to be responsible for more or less permanent changes in gene expression levels. (wikipedia.org)

Anatomy23

Organisms16

Diseases4

Chemicals and Drugs65

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment32

Phenomena and Processes99

Disciplines and Occupations4

Information Science8

Health Care3

MRNA15

Proteins14

Target Genes4

Endogenous genes3

Differential4

Protein30

Methylation14

Mechanisms15

Eukaryotic2

Epigenetic regulation2

Identify genes2

Skip2

Mammalian2

Social Regulation for Human Gene Expression1

Pathways7

Transcriptional regulation6

Subset3

Roles6

Genome9

Molecular5

Types of genes2

Regulatory9

Differentially2

Regulates2

Histone6

Promoters2

Polymerase2

Metabolism4

Host genes1

Repress gene2

Specific gene3

Influence on gene expression1

Structural1

Differentiation5

Epithelial cell2

Enzyme6

Promoter5

Modulation3

Distinct1

Receptors1

Encodes1

Phenotypes1

Laboratory2

Activation8

Characterize3

Embryos3

Control of gene regulation1

Patterns3

Cells16

Amino acid1

Mitochondrial3

Small-molecule1

Effects on gene expression1

Cellular2

EQTL1

Putative1

Regulate the expression1

Processes1

Human4

Retina1

Immunity1

Inhibition1

Isoforms2

Encode1

Characterization1

Changes in gene expression1