• After slaughter, tissue samples of the small intestinal mucosa (mid-duodenum and mid-jejunum) were taken for determination of mRNA concentrations of SGLT1 and GLUT2 as well as pyruvate carboxylase, cytosolic phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, and glucose-6-phosphatase by real-time reverse transcription PCR relative to a housekeeping gene. (nih.gov)
  • In conclusion, our investigations on glucose transporters and gluconeogenic enzymes in the small intestinal mucosa of dairy cows did not show significant diet regulation when TMR with different amounts of intestinal starch were fed. (nih.gov)
  • Single feeding with sunflower meal can adversely affect morphological parameters of small intestinal mucosa of cocks especially in ileum, which may be due to its low energy and/or high fiber content. (thescipub.com)
  • submitted] to fabricate scaffolds mimicking the 3D architecture of the small intestinal mucosa. (ibecbarcelona.eu)
  • Additionally, we increased the complexity of our model of the small intestinal mucosa by incorporating an additional cell compartment to mimic the stroma of the in vivo tissue. (ibecbarcelona.eu)
  • Taking all together, we have generated an intestinal mucosa model that allows for the co-culture of different intestinal cell types distributed in compartments, mimicking the spatial-physiological features of the small intestinal mucosa. (ibecbarcelona.eu)
  • Lactase is a disaccharidase present on the surface of the small intestinal mucosa of mammals. (selfgrowth.com)
  • Such methods are mainly aimed at secondary lactase deficiency caused by diffuse lesions of the small intestinal mucosa. (selfgrowth.com)
  • Heparin Sodium Injection, USP is a sterile solution of heparin sodium derived from porcine intestinal mucosa, standardized for anticoagulant activity, in water for injection. (nih.gov)
  • In general, these studies are expected to provide important insights into the neural reflex pathways that govern the fluidity of the intestinal contents, and in particular, the role of substance P-containing neurons during normal or pathophysiologic states of inflammation. (usda.gov)
  • The involved intestinal mucosa of UC patients in remission shows persistent histological changes suggesting that the composition and architecture of the recovered intestine is permanently altered even after inflammation has resolved. (bmj.com)
  • Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) is one of the leading bacterial causes of intestinal inflammation and diarrhea. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In this study, we explored the role of a novel antibacterial peptide Bombyx mori gloverin A2 (BMGlvA2) in alleviating ETEC-induced inflammation and intestinal epithelium disruption in mice. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Previous studies indicated that endotoxins usually caused intestinal mucosa inflammation and destruction of tight junction integrity and epithelial cell apoptosis [ 4 ], which subsequently led to disruption of intestinal homeostasis and damage of the intestinal barrier functions. (biomedcentral.com)
  • They are not only responsible for innate immunity, but also participate in the development of intestinal inflammation. (frontiersin.org)
  • In addition, the effects of macrophages in the occurrence and development of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and their role in inducing fibrosis, activating T cells, reducing colitis, and treating intestinal inflammation were also reviewed in this paper. (frontiersin.org)
  • This reproducible immune reaction results from an impaired induction of oral tolerance, i.e., a suppressive immune process at local and systemic levels that physiologically allows harmless dietary proteins to be tolerated by the immune system, thus avoiding chronic intestinal inflammation due to their regular consumption. (frontiersin.org)
  • Gastritis is inflammation of the stomach lining, which doctors refer to as the intestinal mucosa. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Based on an ex vivo explant culture model, we decipher the immunopathologic effects of interferon alpha on the human intestinal mucosa. (hal.science)
  • BACKGOUND & AIMS: Several lines of investigation suggest that interferon (IFN) alpha can alter human intestinal mucosa ho-meostasis. (hal.science)
  • The source of human intestinal lactase mainly depends on the body's own synthesis, a small amount of synthesis and secretion of probiotics in the intestinal tract, and supplementation with exogenous lactase. (selfgrowth.com)
  • We also demonstrate potential applications in imaging human intestinal organoids (HIOs), colon mucosa, and retina. (nature.com)
  • The large number of macrophages in the intestinal tract, play a significant role in maintaining the homeostasis of microorganisms on the surface of the intestinal mucosa and in the continuous renewal of intestinal epithelial cells. (frontiersin.org)
  • In fact, many people cannot digest and absorb lactose after drinking milk due to the lack of lactase in the small intestinal epithelial cells. (selfgrowth.com)
  • Supplementing folic acid and zinc preparations can promote the repair of intestinal epithelial cells and the recovery of lactase activity. (selfgrowth.com)
  • The intestinal tract is the largest independent immune system in the body. (frontiersin.org)
  • Recent studies suggest that long-term LDA use is associated with lower digestive tract injury and is an important factor in the development of small intestinal ulcers, bleeding, and stenosis. (hindawi.com)
  • vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) , a 28-amino-acid polypeptide secreted by cells throughout the intestinal tract. (britannica.com)
  • Not absorbed through skin, mucosa or intestinal tract. (e-lactancia.org)
  • However, she's sceptical about self-diagnosis, because there are many other diseases in the intestinal tract that the general public aren't familiar with. (sanitas.com)
  • The foramina of the reticular sheet may participate in the communication between the intestinal epithelium and the lamina propria mucosae. (karger.com)
  • In this study, next generation sequencing (NGS) was used to survey the 16S rRNA ribotypes of the distal intestinal lumen and mucosal epithelium of farmed rainbow trout. (stir.ac.uk)
  • The self-synthesized intestinal lactase is synthesized by the lactase gene and linked to the surface of the intestinal mucosal microvilli by a hydrophobic amino acid sequence at the -COOH end. (selfgrowth.com)
  • Therefore, we investigated the effect of infliximab (IFX) therapy on Forkhead box protein3 (Foxp3) T cells in blood and intestinal mucosa from Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). (nih.gov)
  • In ulcerative colitis (UC), periods of active disease are followed by endoscopic remission and healing of the involved mucosa. (bmj.com)
  • Colonic biopsies from inflamed mucosa of 6 IBD patients (2 with Crohn's disease (CD) and 4 with ulcerative colitis (UC)) were cultured with VPA or control media. (ecco-ibd.eu)
  • Foxp3 expression in intestinal biopsies from 43 patients with active IBD (19 CD / 24 UC) before and after IFX infusion and from 6 controls were assessed by quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry. (nih.gov)
  • Abundance of SGLT1 mRNA tended to be higher in duodenal than in jejunal mucosa, and mRNA abundances of pyruvate carboxylase tended to be higher in jejunal than in duodenal mucosa. (nih.gov)
  • The unsigned and undated reports 1 are analyses of intestinal biopsies from children enrolled in Wakefield's now infamous study published in the Lancet in February 1998. (bmj.com)
  • Gastric cancer is the fourth commonest ently reported that H. pylori eradication were subjected to routine history and malignant disorder and the second com- can lead to a regression of acute gastritis clinical examination, fol owed by an monest cause of cancer-related death and intestinal metaplasia, and that such upper gastrointestinal endoscopic ex- worldwide [1]. (who.int)
  • Today, I want to talk about the management of gastric intestinal metaplasia (GIM). (medscape.com)
  • There are two instruments used for histopathologic assessment that can portend greater risk for progression: the operative link on gastritis assessment (OLGA) and the operative link on gastric intestinal metaplasia assessment (OLGIM) staging systems. (medscape.com)
  • It stimulates the secretion of electrolytes and water by the intestinal mucosa. (britannica.com)
  • A total of 90 bacterial genera were identified in the lumen of all fish sampled, compared with 159 in the mucosa. (stir.ac.uk)
  • The principal bacterial genera recorded in the mucosa wereCetobacterium, Yersinia, Ralstonia, Hafnia and Carnobacterium. (stir.ac.uk)
  • There are many microorganisms colonized in the human intestine, and more than 1000 bacterial species in the intestinal ecosystem of a single individual. (frontiersin.org)
  • Bacterial overgrowth in the small intestine is a major risk factor for NSAID-induced severe intestinal injury [ 4 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • We tested the hypothesis that mRNA and protein expression of intestinal glucose transporters and mRNA expression of enzymes related to gluconeogenesis are affected by variable starch supply. (nih.gov)
  • Results Microarray analysis (n=43) demonstrates that UC patients in remission present an intestinal transcriptional signature that significantly differs from that of non-IBD controls and active patients. (bmj.com)
  • We identify a new transcriptional signature associated with the involved mucosa of UC patients in remission that is significantly different from that of uninvolved or non-inflammatory bowel disease mucosa. (bmj.com)
  • Release of substance P and the effects of specific antagonists would be used to determine the synaptic coupling to down stream cholinergic or vasoactive intestinal peptide-immunoreactive neurons. (usda.gov)
  • Various environmental factors during perinatal life may alter the establishment of intestinal homeostasis, thereby predisposing individuals to the development of such immune-related diseases. (frontiersin.org)
  • The resulting dysregulated intestinal homeostasis in the infant may significantly impede the induction of oral tolerance, a crucial process of immune unresponsiveness to food antigens. (frontiersin.org)
  • Light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy have been used to delineate the structure and function of the lamina propria mucosae in the rat jejunum. (karger.com)
  • In silver-impregnated sections, the adepithelial surface of the lamina propria mucosae was framed by a sheet of reticular fibers (reticular sheet). (karger.com)
  • In addition, these fibroblasts were combined with lymphocytes or dendritic cells in the lamina propria mucosae. (karger.com)
  • The lamina propria of the small intestine is the main site of the intestinal immune system, which contains a large number of macrophages, CD4 T cells, and dendritic cells. (frontiersin.org)
  • Dietary fiber is considered a strong intestinal protector, but we do not know whether dietary fiber protects against the long-lasting mucosal damage caused by ionizing radiation. (lu.se)
  • Lactase is a disaccharidase present on the surface of mammalian small intestinal mucosal microvilli, and many beneficial intestinal bacteria have the ability to produce lactase. (selfgrowth.com)
  • Diets containing corn starch may improve glucose supply by providing significant amounts of intestinal starch and increasing intestinal glucose absorption in dairy cows. (nih.gov)
  • A mixed model was used to examine feeding and time-related changes on feed intake and milk yield and to test feeding and gut site effects on gene or protein expression of glucose transporters and enzymes in the intestinal mucosa. (nih.gov)
  • Therefore, predicted intestinal glucose absorption after enhanced starch feeding is probably not supported by changes of intestinal glucose transporters in dairy cows. (nih.gov)
  • Polylactose is composed of glucose and galactose, these two monosaccharides are easily absorbed by the intestinal lumen and are an important source of human tissue structure and energy. (selfgrowth.com)
  • All bifidobacteria contain galactosidase , which can degrade lactose into glucose and galactose, and its activity is significantly higher than that of other intestinal bacteria. (selfgrowth.com)
  • The establishment of oral tolerance is dependent on the controlled uptake of food proteins through the intestinal epithelial barrier and its delivery to local dendritic cells (DC) that matured in the intestinal pro-tolerogenic environment. (frontiersin.org)
  • meb.uni-bonn.de human bocavirus (HBoV), a newly Finally, we suggest that the role of detected parvovirus initially described HBoV should be investigated through as a respiratory pathogen, to be a pos- histologic examination of mucosa bi- sible causative agent of gastroenteri- opsy specimens (e.g., from patients tis in children ( 1 ). (cdc.gov)
  • The data take the form of histology scoring sheets for 62 intestinal specimens taken from 11 of 12 children whose cases were reported in the Lancet . (bmj.com)
  • There is growing evidence that intestinal microbes play functional roles that are essential to health and nutrition, and a better understanding of the relationship between fish and their gut microbiota is crucial for sustainable aquaculture development [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Obviously feeding has an effect on intestinal microbes. (researchgate.net)
  • The better understanding of how intestinal microbiota interacts with fish health is one of the key to sustainable aquaculture development. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The present experiment aimed at correlating active microbiota associated to intestinal mucosa with Specific Growth Rate (SGR) and Hypoxia Resistance Time (HRT) in European sea bass individuals submitted to different nutritional histories: the fish were fed either standard or unbalanced diets at first feeding, and then mixed before repeating the dietary challenge in a common garden approach at the juvenile stage. (biomedcentral.com)
  • However, dominant and subordinate individuals of Arctic charr harboured distinct aerobic microbiota associated with intestinal mucosa [ 9 ], suggesting that social interaction may affect autochthonous gut microbiota in individuals cohabiting in the same tank. (biomedcentral.com)
  • High-throughput sequencing methods have been recently applied to intestinal microbiota in fish. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The authors concluded that fish have a specific core intestinal microbiota, as is the case with higher vertebrates [ 11 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Recent studies have found gut microbiota to be closely associated with onset and development of NSAID-induced intestinal injury. (hindawi.com)
  • However, studies of the changes in the gut microbiota of rats with LDA-related intestinal injury have been lacking recently. (hindawi.com)
  • In this study, we investigated fecal 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis of changes in the gut microbiota of rats with LDA-related intestinal injury. (hindawi.com)
  • The alterations in the gut microbiota composition and diversity of rats with LDA-related intestinal injury were found in the present study. (hindawi.com)
  • The change of gut microbiota in LDA-related intestinal injury will lay the foundation for further research on the function and signaling pathways of the intestinal flora and promote the use of intestinal flora as drug targets to treat LDA-induced small intestinal injury. (hindawi.com)
  • The abuse of antibiotics is prohibited, because inappropriate use of antibiotics can inhibit the reproduction of normal probiotic flora, hinder the metabolism of lactose by intestinal microorganisms, thereby aggravating the symptoms of lactose intolerance. (selfgrowth.com)
  • Certain intestinal microorganisms such as Lactobacillus can produce a small amount of lactase, and high-yielding strains can be obtained through genetic engineering mutation breeding, which enables large-scale production of lactase. (selfgrowth.com)
  • A clear understanding of the function of macrophages, as well as their role in pathogens and inflammatory response, will delineate the next steps in the treatment of intestinal inflammatory diseases. (frontiersin.org)
  • The post-infectious IBS (PI-IBS) occurs in IBS patients with a history of intestinal infection preceding the onset of symptoms. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • An increase in IFN-γ levels and a decrease in IL-10 levels were found in the intestinal mucosa of PI-IBS patients, suggesting that the infection may affect the Th1/Th2 balance. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • In this review, we discuss the origin and development of macrophages and their role in the intestinal inflammatory response or infection. (frontiersin.org)
  • Then Bacteroides dominate the intestinal microbiome followed by Clostridium, Endosporus and Acuformis. (researchgate.net)
  • Our findings provide ample evidence that dietary fiber consumption modifies the onset, timing and intensity of radiation-induced pathophysiological processes in the intestinal mucosa. (lu.se)
  • By a genome-wide transcriptomic analysis, we investigated gene expression profiles of the intestinal mucosa of 12 NCWS patients, as well as 7 controls. (unich.it)
  • High worm burdens may cause abdominal pain and intestinal obstruction and potentially perforation in very high intensity infections. (cdc.gov)
  • The osmotic pressure increases, which increases the water in the intestinal cavity, causing abdominal distension, bowel sounds, colic and even diarrhea, which is medically called lactose intolerance (LI). (selfgrowth.com)
  • Patients with UC have an increased risk of developing complications such as colorectal cancer (CRC), fibrosis and loss of intestinal function, and this risk increases over time. (bmj.com)
  • Furthermore, we have demonstrated that our scaffolds support the growth and differentiation of intestinal epithelial Caco-2 cells up to 21 days, obtaining a matured epithelial monolayer with effective tissue barrier properties. (ibecbarcelona.eu)
  • Due to their immunotoxical and biocidal properties, such exposure may disrupt the host-intestinal microbiota's beneficial exchanges and may interfere with intestinal barrier and gut-associated immune system development in fetuses then the neonates. (frontiersin.org)
  • Submucosa/mucosa preparations would be set up in flux chambers for recording short-circuit current (Isc) which reflects ion transport. (usda.gov)
  • IFX therapy has opposite effects in Foxp3(+) Treg cells in blood and gut mucosa, which suggests a redistribution of this important T-cell subset. (nih.gov)
  • These specific Treg will migrate back to the intestinal mucosa. (frontiersin.org)
  • Sprague-Dawley (SD) rat models of small intestinal injury were established by intragastric administration of LDA. (hindawi.com)
  • In this study, the levels of inflammatory cytokines in the intestinal mucosa, serum inflammatory indexes, oxidative stress indexes and immune-related indexes were detected, and their correlations with vitamin deficiency and clinical significance were discussed. (cellmolbiol.org)
  • Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was adopted to detect the serum level of 25-hydroxyvitamin D 3 , immunohistochemistry was applied to examine the expression of inflammatory cytokines in the intestinal mucosa, serum inflammatory indexes, oxidative stress indexes and immune-related indexes were measured, and their correlations were analyzed. (cellmolbiol.org)
  • Cry1Ac toxin administration induced a strong immune response in serum but in the small intestinal fluids only anti-Cry1Ac IgA antibodies were detected. (scielo.br)
  • Gnotobiotic rats are resistant to indomethacin-induced intestinal injury, while gnotobiotic rats exposed to Escherichia coli develop severe small intestine damage. (hindawi.com)
  • Some studies have confirmed that misoprostol, metronidazole, and ampicillin can inhibit NSAID-related small intestinal injury [ 3 ], but this approach has problems associated with insufficient intestinal protection and poor clinical feasibility. (hindawi.com)
  • About half of the genes that are significantly regulated in UC active mucosa remain altered during remission despite endoscopic and histological healing. (bmj.com)
  • Decreased Firmicutes and increased Bacteroidetes abundances in rats with LDA-induced small intestinal injury were revealed. (hindawi.com)
  • For example, long-term oral antibiotic usage to prevent LDA-related small intestinal injury may cause antibiotic-related bowel disease and antibiotic resistance. (hindawi.com)
  • To evaluate whether a fiber-rich diet can ameliorate the long-lasting pathophysiological hallmarks of the irradiated mucosa, C57BL/6J mice on a fiber-rich bioprocessed oat bran diet or a fiber-free diet received 32 Gray in four fractions to the distal colorectum using a linear accelerator and continued on the diets for one, six or 18 weeks. (lu.se)
  • These cells play a key role in early resistance to intestinal pathogens. (frontiersin.org)
  • L'étude portait sur 20 patients atteints d'un carcinome gastrique, 20 patients souffrant d'une gastrite à H. pylori et 20 personnes en tant que groupe témoin. (who.int)
  • Forty years ago, intestinal flora was shown to be involved in NSAID-mediated small intestinal injury. (hindawi.com)