AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPsychiatry and PsychologyPhenomena and Processes
Mullerian DuctsTesticular HormonesWolffian DuctsMixed Tumor, MullerianAnti-Mullerian Hormone46, XX Disorders of Sex DevelopmentReceptors, PeptideDisorders of Sex DevelopmentGenitalia, FemaleUrogenital AbnormalitiesSex DifferentiationUrogenital SystemAdenosarcomaGrowth InhibitorsBile DuctsReceptors, Transforming Growth Factor betaGenitaliaVaginaPancreatic DuctsMesonephrosUterusWnt4 ProteinTestisDiethylstilbestrolGlycoproteinsSubrenal Capsule AssayThoracic Duct46, XY Disorders of Sex DevelopmentCryptorchidismCommon Bile DuctSmad8 ProteinEmbryonic StructuresCystic DuctGonadsSyndromeFushi Tarazu Transcription FactorsBone Morphogenetic Protein Receptors, Type ICloacaSalivary DuctsAlligators and CrocodilesMesodermSteroidogenic Factor 1OviductsOvaryBile Duct Diseases
FallopianWolffianAnomaliesParamesonephricRegressionVaginaAnomalyRegressPancreatic ductsFemale reproductiveSeminal vesiclesCystMesonephric ductTestesSyndromeTesticular ectopiaAnatomyDefectsDuctalTumorsReceptorIpsilateralRemnantDuctus DeferensPelvisLateralDegenerateSubstanceStructuresPancreasGlandularUterineTypicallyMaleDisordersDevelopmentAccessory
Fallopian7
  • In early in-utero development all canine fetuses have precursors of the uterus, fallopian tubes and upper vagina called Mullerian ducts. (orivet.com)
  • The uterus and fallopian tubes are derived from a structure called the Müllerian duct during development of the fetus. (medlineplus.gov)
  • As a result of these mutations, the Müllerian duct persists and goes on to form a uterus and fallopian tubes. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The first two portions of Mullerian ducts make the fallopian tube. (nih.gov)
  • In females, who do not produce the AMH protein during fetal development, the Müllerian duct becomes the uterus and fallopian tubes. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The Müllerian duct persists and becomes a uterus and fallopian tubes. (medlineplus.gov)
  • It facilitates the regression of the Mullerian duct, which forms the fallopian tubes and upper vagina sections in the male fetus, and provides the formation of male genital organs and the regulation of spermatogenesis, ie sperm production. (bebekistiyorum.com)
Wolffian8
  • At about eight weeks of gestation, primordia for both female and male internal genitalia paramesonephric (Mullerian) and mesonephric (Wolffian) ducts appear. (nih.gov)
  • At this time, the mesonephric (Wolffian) ducts regress. (nih.gov)
  • Congenital uterine wall cysts arising from paramesonephric (Müllerian) and mesonephric (Wolffian) ducts are typically incidental findings in most species. (nih.gov)
  • Developmentally, when the testes begin to form during the seventh week of life, the mesonephric (Wolffian) duct differentiates into the male genital system. (medscape.com)
  • A pair of ducts near the WOLFFIAN DUCTS in a developing embryo. (bvsalud.org)
  • The condition may be associated with abnormalities of the Wolffian duct such as ipsilateral renal agenesis. (southsudanmedicaljournal.com)
  • Because the Müllerian ducts develop often in association with Wolffian ducts, abnormalities of the kidneys may be found in conjunction with uterine abnormalities. (southsudanmedicaljournal.com)
  • Some tumors are thought to derive from mesonephric duct (Wolffian duct) remnants. (nih.gov)
Anomalies9
  • Developmental anomalies of the müllerian duct system represent some of the most fascinating disorders that obstetricians and gynecologists encounter. (medscape.com)
  • Most müllerian duct anomalies are associated with functioning ovaries and age-appropriate external genitalia. (medscape.com)
  • Because of the wide variation in clinical presentations, müllerian duct anomalies may be difficult to diagnose. (medscape.com)
  • Refinements in surgical techniques, such as the Vecchietti and McIndoe procedures, have enabled many women with müllerian duct anomalies to have normal sexual relations. (medscape.com)
  • In addition, developments in assisted reproductive technology allow some women with müllerian duct anomalies to conceive and deliver healthy babies. (medscape.com)
  • As a foundation for understanding müllerian duct anomalies, the first part of this article discusses the epidemiology and classification of müllerian duct defects as well as normal embryologic development of the female reproductive tract. (medscape.com)
  • Diagnosis and appropriate correction of intrauterine anomalies are considered et d'Application en Chirurgie essential in order to increase chances of conception. (who.int)
  • The American Fertility Society classifications of adnexal adhesions, distal tubal occlusion, tubal occlusion secondary to tubal ligation, tubal pregnancies, Mullerian anomalies and intrauterine adhesions. (ijrcog.org)
  • Renal tract malformations associated with mullerian duct anomalies. (ijrcog.org)
Paramesonephric21
  • The paramesonephric ducts (or Müllerian ducts) are paired ducts of the embryo in the female reproductive system that run down the lateral sides of the genital ridge and terminate at the sinus tubercle in the primitive urogenital sinus. (wikipedia.org)
  • The female reproductive system is composed of two embryological segments: the urogenital sinus and the paramesonephric ducts. (wikipedia.org)
  • Paramesonephric ducts are present on the embryo of both sexes. (wikipedia.org)
  • The sex based differences in the contributions of the paramesonephric ducts to reproductive organs is based on the presence, and degree of presence, of anti-Müllerian hormone. (wikipedia.org)
  • During the formation of the reproductive system, the paramesonephric ducts are formed just lateral to the mesonephric ducts in both female and male embryos 6 weeks after fertilization. (wikipedia.org)
  • The paramesonephric ducts are formed by the craniocaudal invagination of a ribbon of thickened coelomic epithelium that extends from the third thoracic segment caudally to the posterior wall of the urogenital sinus. (wikipedia.org)
  • The caudal parts of the paramesonephric ducts fuse into a single tube, known as the uterovaginal primordium, before flowing into the dorsal aspect of the urogenital sinus at the sinus tubercle directly medial to the mesonephric ducts. (wikipedia.org)
  • AMH begins to be secreted around week 8, which in turn causes the paramesonephric ducts to regress very rapidly between the 8th and 10th weeks. (wikipedia.org)
  • However, small paramesonephric ducts can still be identified, and the remnants can be detected in the adult male, located in the appendix testis, a small cap of tissue associated with the testis. (wikipedia.org)
  • Remnants of the paramesonephric ducts can also be found in the prostatic utricle, an expansion of the prostatic urethra at the center of the seminal colliculus. (wikipedia.org)
  • AMH receptor-type II (AMHR-II), also known as Misr-II, causes AMH to act indirectly on mesenchymal cells surrounding the paramesonephric ducts rather than acting directly on the epithelium of the duct. (wikipedia.org)
  • In the absence of the Wnta7a within the duct epithelium as the ducts regress, ductal AMHR-II expression is lost, and residual paramesonephric ducts would be retained in males, throwing off the urogenital system. (wikipedia.org)
  • When these receptors are blocked or knocked out in mice within the paramesonephric duct mesenchyme, AMH-induced paramesonephric duct regression is lost. (wikipedia.org)
  • In females, the paramesonephric ducts give rise to the uterine tubes, uterus, and upper portion of the vagina, while the mesonephric ducts degenerate due to the absence of male androgens. (wikipedia.org)
  • In contrast, the paramesonephric ducts begin to proliferate and differentiate in a cranial-caudal progression to form the aforementioned structures. (wikipedia.org)
  • During this time, the single-layered paramesonephric duct epithelium differentiates into other structures, ranging from the ciliated columnar epithelium in the uterine tube to stratified squamous epithelium in the vagina. (wikipedia.org)
  • The paramesonephric ducts and the mesonephric ducts share a majority of the same mesenchyme due to Hox gene expression. (wikipedia.org)
  • Individuals that are 46, XY and have been tested positive for mutations in their AMH or AMH receptor genes have been known to exhibit features typical of that which are exhibited in persistent müllerian duct syndrome due to the fact that the paramesonephric ducts fail to regress. (wikipedia.org)
  • The paramesonephric ducts of both sides extend caudally until they reach the urogenital sinus, where they project into its posterior wall to become the Mullerian tubercle. (nih.gov)
  • In the female embryo, because of the absence of a Y chromosome and lack of testosterone from any testicular tissue, the typical sequence of developmental events results in canalization and fusion of the paramesonephric (Mullerian) ducts in the middle of the pelvis, which gives rise to the female pelvic organs. (nih.gov)
  • [ 1 ] Cystic masses of the seminal vesicles may also be felt on palpation and are typically embryologic remnants of the paramesonephric ducts. (medscape.com)
Regression3
  • During development of a male fetus, these two proteins work together to induce breakdown (regression) of the Müllerian duct. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Mutations in the AMH and AMHR2 genes lead to nonfunctional proteins that cannot signal for regression of the Müllerian duct. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Patricia Donahoe, MD, and her colleagues have purified recombinant human Mullerian Inhibiting Substance (rhMIS), which directs normal male phenotypic development in the fetus by causing regression of the female reproductive duct. (massgeneral.org)
Vagina1
  • En ausencia de hormona antimülleriana los conductos paramesonéfricos dan lugar al aparato reproductor femenino: las TROMPAS, el ÚTERO, el CUELLO UTERINO y la VAGINA. (bvsalud.org)
Anomaly4
  • this is called a Mullerian anomaly and can lead to many variants, ranging from a uterine septum to uterine didelphys (double uterus). (nih.gov)
  • Double uterus (uterus didelphys) is the second least common congenital anomaly of the female genital tract resulting from failure of fusion of the two Müllerian ducts during embryological development, leading to duplication of the uterus and the cervix. (southsudanmedicaljournal.com)
  • Unicornuate uterus with a non-communicating rudimentary horn is a rare type of mullerian duct anomaly which occurs due to defective fusion of malformed duct with contralateral duct. (ijrcog.org)
  • In a patient with refractory dysmenorrhea mullerian duct anomaly should be kept as differential diagnosis. (ijrcog.org)
Regress2
  • In normal male fetuses, the Mullerian ducts regress as sexual differentiation occurs in-utero, allowing for development of male sexual anatomy. (orivet.com)
  • This receptor activation induces the ducts to regress. (wikipedia.org)
Pancreatic ducts3
Female reproductive5
  • The müllerian ducts are the primordial anlage of the female reproductive tract. (medscape.com)
  • The testes and female reproductive organs can be located in unusual positions in persistent Müllerian duct syndrome. (medlineplus.gov)
  • All fetuses develop the Müllerian duct, the precursor to female reproductive organs. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The Müllerian duct, found in both male and female fetuses, is the precursor to the female reproductive organs. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The name comes from the discovery of Mullerian ducts, structures that continuously divide and replicate to form the female reproductive system [ 1 ]. (selfhacked.com)
Seminal vesicles4
  • The following image depicts the seminal vesicles, ejaculatory ducts, and the prostate. (medscape.com)
  • Anterior aspect of the seminal vesicles, terminal parts of the deferent ducts, and the prostate. (medscape.com)
  • The short ducts of the seminal vesicles join the lateral aspects of the ductus deferentes at an acute angle, creating the ejaculatory ducts at the base of the prostate gland. (medscape.com)
  • The mesonephric duct ultimately forms the epididymis, ductus deferens, seminal vesicles, and ejaculatory ducts by way of the mesonephric ductal system. (medscape.com)
Cyst2
Mesonephric duct1
  • Initially, the epididymis and ductus deferens form from the mesonephric duct. (medscape.com)
Testes3
  • The first noted signs and symptoms in males with persistent Müllerian duct syndrome are usually undescended testes (cryptorchidism) or soft out-pouchings in the lower abdomen (inguinal hernias). (medlineplus.gov)
  • The mutated AMH protein cannot be released from the cells of the testes or cannot bind to the receptor on the Müllerian duct cells. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Anti Mullerian Hormone (AMH) is secreted from the Sertoli cells in the testes in men and is secreted throughout life, and ensures normal development of the sexual organ in the early period. (bebekistiyorum.com)
Syndrome35
  • Persistent Mullerian Duct Syndrome is extremely rare. (nih.gov)
  • Hernia uterine inguinale and seminoma in persistent Müllerian duct syndrome. (nih.gov)
  • Novel homozygous mutation in a colombian patient with persistent müllerian duct syndrome: expanded phenotype. (nih.gov)
  • Pure Seminoma and Concurrent Aggressive Lymphoma: Case Report of a Patient With Persistent Müllerian Duct Syndrome. (nih.gov)
  • Mullerian Duct Syndrome (MDS) is an inherited disorder of sexual development affecting male dogs. (orivet.com)
  • A single base pair mutation encoding a premature stop codon in the MIS type II receptor is responsible for canine persistent Müllerian duct syndrome. (orivet.com)
  • Persistent Müllerian duct syndrome is a disorder of sexual development that affects males. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The Müllerian duct usually breaks down during early development in males, but it is retained in those with persistent Müllerian duct syndrome. (medlineplus.gov)
  • This condition, called transverse testicular ectopia, is common in people with persistent Müllerian duct syndrome. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Other effects of persistent Müllerian duct syndrome may include the inability to father children (infertility) or blood in the semen (hematospermia). (medlineplus.gov)
  • Most people with persistent Müllerian duct syndrome have mutations in the AMH gene or the AMHR2 gene. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Approximately 45 percent of cases of persistent Müllerian duct syndrome are caused by mutations in the AMH gene and are called persistent Müllerian duct syndrome type 1. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Approximately 40 percent of cases are caused by mutations in the AMHR2 gene and are called persistent Müllerian duct syndrome type 2. (medlineplus.gov)
  • However, persistent Müllerian duct syndrome affects only males. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Persistent Müllerian duct syndrome type 1, a disorder of sexual development that affects males, is caused by mutations in the AMH gene. (medlineplus.gov)
  • At least 38 mutations in the AMH gene have been identified in people with persistent Müllerian duct syndrome type 1. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Mutations of the anti-mullerian hormone gene in patients with persistent mullerian duct syndrome: biosynthesis, secretion, and processing of the abnormal proteins and analysis using a three-dimensional model. (medlineplus.gov)
  • AMH and AMH receptor defects in persistent Mullerian duct syndrome. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Josso N, Picard JY, Imbeaud S, di Clemente N, Rey R. Clinical aspects and molecular genetics of the persistent mullerian duct syndrome. (medlineplus.gov)
  • 2. PERSISTENT Müllerian duct syndrome associated with transverse testicular ectopia: report of two cases. (nih.gov)
  • 3. Persistent mullerian duct syndrome and transverse testicular ectopia: embryology, presentation, and management. (nih.gov)
  • 4. [A case of persistent müllerian duct syndrome associated with seminoma]. (nih.gov)
  • 5. [Persistent Müllerian duct syndrome with seminoma: report of a case]. (nih.gov)
  • 6. Persistent Mullerian Duct Syndrome associated with transverse testicular ectopia: a case report. (nih.gov)
  • 7. A case of bilateral seminoma in the setting of persistent mullerian duct syndrome. (nih.gov)
  • 8. Combined persistent Mullerian Duct Syndrome, Transverse Testicular Ectopia and Mosaic Klinefelter's Syndrome. (nih.gov)
  • 9. Persistent Müllerian Duct Syndrome (PMDS) with testicular seminoma. (nih.gov)
  • 10. [The persistent müllerian duct syndrome with transverse testicular ectopia. (nih.gov)
  • 13. Transverse testicular ectopia in a man with persistent Müllerian duct syndrome. (nih.gov)
  • 15. Laparoscopic management of persistent mullerian duct syndrome. (nih.gov)
  • 16. Persistent Mullerian duct syndrome with transverse testicular ectopia and seminoma. (nih.gov)
  • 17. Tuberculosis of transverse testicular ectopic testis associated with persistent mullerian duct syndrome. (nih.gov)
  • 18. Persistent Mullerian duct syndrome with transverse testicular ectopia presenting in an irreducible recurrent inguinal hernia. (nih.gov)
  • 19. Persistent Mullerian duct syndrome in adult: a case report. (nih.gov)
  • NICHD encourages scientists interested in reproduction to lead the way in determining the genes and their mechanisms of action involved in the development of the gonads, reproductive ducts, and genitalia, the processes of gametogenesis, normal and premature reproductive aging, and reproductive disorders such as infertility, cryptorchidism, endometriosis, and polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). (nih.gov)
Testicular ectopia1
  • 12. Transverse testicular ectopia with persisting mullerian remnant masquerading as right inguinal hernia and left undescended testis. (nih.gov)
Anatomy1
  • With typical conventional anatomy, most of the pancreas is drained by the main pancreatic duct, with the uncinate process and lower head drained by an accessory duct 12,13 . (radiopaedia.org)
Defects1
  • Additionally, both male and female wnt4a mutants are sterile due to defects in reproductive duct development. (nih.gov)
Ductal1
  • The main and accessory ducts frequently communicate with each other, although there are several ductal variations, as outlined below. (radiopaedia.org)
Tumors1
  • Work is underway to scale-up rhMIS production in mammalian cells with an industrial partner, for use in preclinical and clinical trials against human tumors of Mullerian Duct origin. (massgeneral.org)
Receptor2
  • The secreted protein attaches (binds) to its receptor, which is found on the surface of Müllerian duct cells. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Binding of the AMH protein to its receptor induces self-destruction (apoptosis) of the Müllerian duct cells. (medlineplus.gov)
Ipsilateral1
  • The second part of Mullerian ducts lies horizontally and crosses the ipsilateral Wolfian duct anteriorly. (nih.gov)
Remnant1
  • 8 The differential diagnosis of umbilical drainage also includes omphalitis, omphalomesenteric duct remnant, or an umbilical granuloma . (pediatricurologybook.com)
Ductus Deferens1
  • Efferent ducts in the head of the epididymis unite to form a single duct in the body and tail region (globus minor), which continues as the ductus deferens . (radiopaedia.org)
Pelvis1
  • The pudendal nerve, derived from S2, S3 and S4, leaves the pelvis m edial to the sciatic nerve via the higher sciatic foram en. (dnahelix.com)
Lateral1
  • The first part is verticle and runs parallel Wolfian duct on its lateral side. (nih.gov)
Degenerate2
  • They degenerate in males of certain species, but the adjoining mesonephric ducts develop into male reproductive organs. (wikipedia.org)
  • In the male embryo, they degenerate with the appearance of testicular ANTI-MULLERIAN HORMONE. (bvsalud.org)
Substance1
  • Anti-Mullerian Hormone (AMH), or Mullerian inhibiting substance, is a protein. (selfhacked.com)
Structures1
  • Along this route, the genital ducts and accessory glandular structures produce mucous secretions that combine with the spermatozoa to create semen. (medscape.com)
Pancreas2
  • The main pancreatic duct usually joins the common bile duct in the head of the pancreas, as outlined below 13,14 . (radiopaedia.org)
  • A pancreas divisum is the most common variation of pancreatic duct formation and can account for up to 14% 3 . (radiopaedia.org)
Glandular1
  • As a result, the dorsal pancreatic duct drains most of the pancreatic glandular parenchyma via the minor papilla. (radiopaedia.org)
Uterine1
  • Abnormal uterine findings were de Recherche et d'Application en identified in 95.8% of patients attending hysteroscopy at GESHRTH. (who.int)
Typically3
  • The pancreatic duct typically joins the common bile duct at a 60-degree angle at the hepatopancreatic ampulla, before draining into the ampulla of Vater through the Sphincter of Oddi . (radiopaedia.org)
  • The pancreatic duct typically measures up to 3 mm at the head, 2 mm in the body, and 1 mm in the tail 14 . (radiopaedia.org)
  • The accessory duct typically communicates with the main duct 13,14 . (radiopaedia.org)
Male1
  • In mammals, WNT4 is a signaling ligand that is essential for ovary and Müllerian duct development, where it antagonizes the male-promoting FGF9 signal. (nih.gov)
Disorders1
Development2
  • Female Sex Development and Reproductive Duct Formation Depend on Wnt4a in Zebrafish. (nih.gov)
  • Together these results strongly argue that Wnt4a is a conserved regulator of female sex determination and reproductive duct development in mammalian and nonmammalian vertebrates. (nih.gov)
Accessory3
  • The exocrine pancreatic tissue drains into multiple small lobular ducts, which drain into the larger main duct (and larger accessory ducts) and finally into the second part of the duodenum . (radiopaedia.org)
  • The accessory pancreatic duct (also known as the duct of Santorini or Bernard) drains the uncinate process and lower part of the head (of the migrated ventral pancreatic bud). (radiopaedia.org)
  • It is a communication between the main pancreatic duct and the accessory pancreatic duct. (radiopaedia.org)