• Laboratory rats or lab rats are strains of the subspecies Rattus norvegicus domestica which are bred and kept for scientific research. (wikipedia.org)
  • In 18th-century Europe, wild brown rats (Rattus norvegicus) ran rampant and this infestation fueled the industry of rat-catching. (wikipedia.org)
  • Cocaethylene produced marked locomotor and exploratory behaviors in this strain, suggesting therefore that Long-Evans and Sprague- Dawley rats differ in their response to cocaethylene. (southampton.ac.uk)
  • Methods 2BP was tested through the use of repeated dose experiments among male Sprague Dawley rats. (sjweh.fi)
  • Methods: An acute rat liver injury model induced by D-galactosamine was used. (bvsalud.org)
  • 1992. Effect of tricresyl phosphate on humoral and cell-mediated immune responses in albino rats. (cdc.gov)
  • meats, biological trials were conducted on Albino rats of the Sprague-Dawley albino rats. (who.int)
  • The reproductive function of rats was studied at the Institute for Experimental Biology at the University of California, Berkeley by Herbert McLean Evans and Joseph A. Long. (wikipedia.org)
  • Effects of endocrine disruptor furan on reproductive physiology of Sprague Dawley rats: An F1 Extended One-Generation Reproductive Toxicity Study (EOGRTS). (bvsalud.org)
  • The present study investigated the reproductive toxicity of furan in an Extended One-Generation Reproductive Toxicity Study in rats . (bvsalud.org)
  • The present study aimed to further explore the effect of Genistein on the development of the reproductive system of experimental rats. (elsevierpure.com)
  • CONCLUSION: Post-weaning exposure to Genistein could affect the development of the reproductive system of ovarian-intact experimental rats because of its action on the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis by regulating hormones and estrogen receptors. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Effect of astragaloside IV on the general and peripartum reproductive toxicity in Sprague-Dawley rats. (bvsalud.org)
  • To relate these behavioral differences to possible structural differences in the neuronal density of dopaminergic or serotonergic neurons, Long-Evans and Sprague-Dawley brains were evaluated for tyrosine hydroxylase and 5-HT immunocytochemistry. (southampton.ac.uk)
  • GABAergic responses of acutely dissociated rat retinal neurons, including both bipolar cells (BCs) and other, morphologically round cells (RCs), were assayed with the fluorescent (FL), voltage-sensitive probe oxonol DiBaC4(5). (nih.gov)
  • Results The rats showed significant decreases in body weight depending on the 2BP dose. (sjweh.fi)
  • Therefore, the aim of this study was to obtain safety data for new TiO 2 powder, GST produced through sludge recycling of the sewage treatment plant through repeated-dose toxicity in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats in according to the OECD test guideline (TG 408). (eaht.org)
  • Based on the results of the dose-range finding study (28-day repeated toxicity), GST was orally administered to rats at doses of 0, 500, 1000, and 2000 mg/kg B.W/day for 90-day and reversibility of effects of 2000 mg/kg bw/day was assessed after 4 weeks. (eaht.org)
  • The test chemical was administered subcutaneously to pregnant rats at dose levels of 0, 375, 750 and 1250 mg/kg/day. (kjvr.org)
  • These results suggest that a 14-day subcutaneous dose of 2-BP is embryolethal and teratogenic at above 750 mg/kg/day in pregnant rats. (kjvr.org)
  • Absorption, distribution, excretion, and metabolism of a single oral dose of [`"Cl tri-ortho-cresyl phosphate (TOCP) in the male rat. (cdc.gov)
  • A 28 -day study with hexadecanol in rats showed no effects up to the highest dose tested, 1000 mg/kg bw (Henkel 1985). (europa.eu)
  • In a GLPL study conducted according to OECD Guideline 408 study in rats, the NOAEL was established at 12000 ppm (highest dose tested), equivalent to 744 mg/kg bw/day in males and 752 mg/kg bw/day in females. (europa.eu)
  • Under the conditions of this 3-month gavage study, oral administration of HCB in female Sprague Dawley rats resulted in dose-related lesions in the liver, lung, spleen, mammary gland, skin, thymus, and teeth. (nih.gov)
  • The atlas incorporates adult male Sprague-Dawley rats (250-300g, age 52-62 days). (pmod.com)
  • Based on the above results, it is suggested that exposure to food -based contaminant furan induced remarkable changes in the F0 (parental stage) and F1 (offspring, pubertal, and adult stage) generations of Sprague Dawley rats . (bvsalud.org)
  • In the present investigation, we successfully implanted rat C6 cells via intracranial stereotaxic cannulation in adult Sprague-Dawley rats for development and histoimmunopathological characterization of an advanced orthotopic glioblastoma allograft model, which could be useful for investigating the course of glioblastoma development as well as for testing efficacy of new therapeutic agents. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Our investigation indicated the successful development of intracranial cannulated orthotopic glioblastoma allograft in adult Sprague-Dawley rats, making it as a useful animal model of glioblastoma for pre-clinical evaluation of various therapeutic strategies for the management of glioblastoma. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Genetic analysis of 117 albino rat strains collected from all parts of the world carried out by a team led by Takashi Kuramoto at Kyoto University in 2012 showed that the albinos descended from hooded rats and all the albinos descended from a single ancestor. (wikipedia.org)
  • Scientists have bred many strains or "lines" of rats specifically for experimentation. (wikipedia.org)
  • Other common strains are the Sprague Dawley, Fischer 344, Holtzman albino strains, Long-Evans, and Lister black hooded rats. (wikipedia.org)
  • To examine whether other rat strains exhibit a similar response to cocaethylene, Sprague-Dawley rats were injected (IP) with cocaethylene and their behavior patterns monitored over a 30-minute testing period. (southampton.ac.uk)
  • These results indicate that two commonly used rat strains show a differential response to cocaethylene and the neurochemical basis for this behavioral difference may be related to synaptic 5-HT bioavailability. (southampton.ac.uk)
  • Hepatitis E is caused principally by HEV rats was unique and only distantly related to known strains genotypes 1 and 2 ( 1 ). (cdc.gov)
  • The effects of cocaethylene on locomotor activity, stereotypy, and rearing in Long-Evans and Sprague-Dawley rats were compared.A single cocaine injection (molar equivalent of 60 μmol/kg cocaethylene, intraperitoneal) elicited a robust series of motor output behaviors, including locomotion, stereotypy, and rearing over a 30-minute testing period in Long-Evans rats. (southampton.ac.uk)
  • For the analysis of rat brain data the Px Rat (W.Schiffer) [1] VOI atlas is available. (pmod.com)
  • Laboratory rats are frequently subject to dissection or microdialysis to study internal effects on organs and the brain, such as for cancer or pharmacological research. (wikipedia.org)
  • The orthotopic glioblastoma allograft was generated by intracerebral injection of rat C6 cells through a guide-cannula system and after 21 post-inoculation days the brain tumor was characterized by histoimmunopathological experiments. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Then the rats were anesthetized by pentobarbital sodium (40 mg/kg.bw) to obtain blood samples for biochemical analysis and organs (heart, liver, spleen, lungs, kidneys, brain, testis) to be conducted for biopsy and organ coefficients. (cdc.gov)
  • In the present study, we investigated the effects of Cd exposure on microbiota and serum metabolism in rats by omics analysis. (frontiersin.org)
  • The results demonstrated that Cd exposure disrupted the balance between the blood and intestinal flora in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats, with a significant increase in gut microbiota ( Clostridia_UCG_014 , NK4A214_group ) and blood microbiome ( Corynebacterium , Muribaculaceae ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Domestic rats differ from wild rats (various spp. (wikipedia.org)
  • In male rats, TRAP significantly increased hippocampal neurogenesis, while in females, TRAP increased granule cell layer width. (nature.com)
  • Experiment 1 demonstrated that acute wheel running results in robust HF or HS diet avoidance in male rats. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • Experiment 2 demonstrated that male rats developed decreased HF diet preferences regardless of the order of diet and wheel running access presentation. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • Ovariectomy in females resulted in HF diet preference patterns that were similar to those in male rats during simultaneous exposure of HF and wheel running access but similar to intact females when running occurred before HF exposure. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • At postnatal day (PND) 70, a significant (p = 0.03) decrease in testosterone levels of male rats and estrogen levels of female rats (p = 0.05) was observed in 10 mg kg-1 furan-treated group in F1 generation. (bvsalud.org)
  • Clinically severe and moderate hospitalized cases in Seoul City where only urban rats were found. (cdc.gov)
  • We have isolated a genetically similar by eating undercooked meat from domestic pigs, wild boar, HEV from urban rats in Los Angeles, California, USA, and several species of wild deer has been documented ( 6 , 7 ). (cdc.gov)
  • As there is evidence that the hooded rat was known as the "Japanese rat" in the early 20th century, Kuramoto concluded that one or more Japanese hooded rats might have been brought to Europe or the Americas and an albino rat that emerged as a product of the breeding of these hooded rats was the common ancestor of all the albino laboratory rats in use today. (wikipedia.org)
  • Laboratory rats not sacrificed may be euthanized or, in some cases, become pets. (wikipedia.org)
  • In October 2003, researchers succeeded in cloning two laboratory rats by nuclear transfer. (wikipedia.org)
  • and characterized its ability to infect laboratory rats and However, many, if not most, persons who have unexplained nonhuman primates. (cdc.gov)
  • To assess the developmental neurotoxicity of more realistic TRAP exposures, we exposed male and female rats during gestation and early postnatal development to TRAP drawn directly from a traffic tunnel in Northern California and delivered to animals in real-time. (nature.com)
  • Sprague Dawley rat liver subcellular fractions are isolated from livers obtained from male or female SD rats. (primacyt.com)
  • Experiments in this study examined the effects of wheel running on intakes of chow and palatable diet e.g. high fat (HF) or high sucrose (HS) diet in male and female Sprague-Dawley rats. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • Although female rats with running wheel access initially showed complete avoidance of the two palatable diets, the avoidance of the HS diet was transient. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • In female rats, simultaneous presentation of the HF diet and running access resulted in transient complete HF diet avoidance whereas running experience prior to HF diet access did not affect the high preference for the HF diet. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • For this purpose, forty immature female Sprague-Dawley rats were equally allocated into five groups. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Groups of 10 female Sprague Dawley (Hsd:Sprague Dawley SD) rats (core study) were administered doses of 0.03, 0.1, 0.3, 1, 3, 10, or 25 mg HCB/kg body weight/day (mg/kg/day) in corn oil:acetone (99:1) by gavage, 5 days/week for 13 weeks (3 months). (nih.gov)
  • Elimination of HCB after repeated dosing was evaluated in a group of 10 female rats (elimination study) administered 0.03 or 25 mg/kg/day for 13 weeks (3 months) and then held without dosing until necropsy at 21 (5 rats) or 29 (5 rats) weeks. (nih.gov)
  • Vehicle control female rats (10 core study and 10 elimination study) were administered the corn oil:acetone vehicle only. (nih.gov)
  • Sixty one plants reputed to have anti-fertility activity were tested on female Sprague-Dawley rats, in order to isolate active compounds with a potential for use in human fertility regulation. (who.int)
  • This study investigated the activity of the HPA axis in selected markers of glucose handling, and the stress response relative to components of the HPA axis in a diet-induced pre-diabetic rat model. (researchsquare.com)
  • The aim of present study was to investigate the effect of metformin on changes in the levels of plasma irisin, blood glucose and insulin resistance in male Sprague-Dawley rats receiving a high-fat emulsion diet. (ac.ir)
  • Twenty-four rats were divided into a normal control group (n = 8) and a high-fat diet group (n = 16). (ac.ir)
  • As insulin resistance increased in rats receiving the high-fat diet, serum irisin level also increased, and with improving blood glucose and insulin resistance by metformin, serum irisin level was decreased. (ac.ir)
  • The rats were then put on stock diet for 7 from the local market and dried in a hot days prior to the experiment. (who.int)
  • At the end of 10 days trial, all the rats were to each diet. (who.int)
  • The rats were fed the allotted killed with an overdose of chloroform and diet ad libitum for a period of 10 days. (who.int)
  • The present study was undertaken to evaluate the potential adverse effects of 2-BP on pregnant dams and embryo-fetal development after maternal exposure during the gestational days (GD) 6 through 19 in Sprague-Dawley rats. (kjvr.org)
  • PRIMACYT offers certified cryopreserved Sprague Dawley liver subcellular fractions (S9 and microsomes) from single and pooled donors. (primacyt.com)
  • It has not been established that the bandicoot rat isolate is identical to other rat isolates or to Hantaan virus. (cdc.gov)
  • Sprague Dawley F0 weaning rats (30 per sex per group) were exposed to furan orally at 0, 1, 2.5, 5, and 10 mg kg-1 for 10 weeks ( males ) and 2 weeks ( females ) and then mated. (bvsalud.org)
  • To explore the joint toxicity and bio-accumulation of multi-heavy metals and potential chemoprevention strategies, Male Sprague Dawley (SD) rats (n = 30) were treated orally once a week for six months with 500mg/kg.bw of eight heavy metals which were commonly identified in aquatic products in the Ningbo area including chromium, manganese , nickel, copper, zinc, cadmium, mercury, and lead. (cdc.gov)
  • Rats deficient in Rag1 protein produce no mature B or T cells. (inotivco.com)
  • Most are derived from the albino Wistar rat, which is still widely used. (wikipedia.org)
  • 1990] Embryofetal effects of pentamidine isethionate administered to pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats. (cdc.gov)
  • All but one of the testicular tumors occurred in the rats from a single supplier. (wikipedia.org)
  • Although Genbakugenmaisu intake did not affect to LTB 4 productivity of the PEC, it not only elevated serum IgA and IgM levels, but also enhanced IgA, IgG and IgM productivity of mesenteric lymph node lymphocytes of the rats. (elsevierpure.com)
  • In the present study, we provided novel data that suggested atorvastatin could decrease the AGEs-induced increase in serum level of AGEs and suppress the expression of RAGE of aorta in Sprague Dawley (SD) rat models in euglycemic conditions. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In most cases these species are mouse or rat and dog or monkey or minipig. (primacyt.com)
  • Sprague Dawley Rats were randomly divided into non-prediabetic group (NPD) and pre-diabetic group (PD) (n=6, per group) over a 20-week induction period and a further 12-week experimental period to get 32 weeks. (researchsquare.com)
  • To clarify the immunoregulatory activity of Genbakugenmaisu, a vinegar product produced from brown wheat and rice, LTB 4 releasing activity of peritoneal exudate cells isolated from Sprague-Dawley rats was examined in the presence of the vinegar and found that the vinegar suppressed LTB, release of the cells. (elsevierpure.com)
  • SD Rat Mesenchymal Stem Cells with RFP have a finite lifespan in vitro . (cyagen.com)
  • The apoptotic genes protein expression was significantly higher in TCS or NaF treated rats when compared to the control with intense to moderate immunolabeling of the bronchiolar lining epithelium and surrounding mononuclear inflammatory cells. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Analysis of SDR whole blood demonstrates greatly diminished T and B cells compared to the wild-type rat. (figshare.com)
  • B, The wild-type rat has over 20% B220/IgM double positive mature B cells, compared to 3.5% in the SDR rat. (figshare.com)
  • C, The SDR rat has slightly less circulating NK cells, unlike what is observed in the spleen. (figshare.com)
  • Subsequently homozygous rats to an age of 7 weeks old can be produced within 20-22 weeks. (inotivco.com)
  • Therefore, the present results show that the NOAEL (no observed adverse effect level) of new TiO 2 powder, GST was considered to be 2000 mg/kg B.W/day in rats after repeated oral administration for 90-day under the present study conditions and no target organs were identified. (eaht.org)
  • In this study, we evaluated the phototoxicity of systemically administered drugs using SD rats. (yonsei.ac.kr)
  • This study suggests that the inclusion of histopathological findings increases the accuracy of the phototoxicity evaluation of systemically administered drugs in SD rats. (yonsei.ac.kr)
  • A 1972 study compared neoplasms in Sprague Dawleys from six different commercial suppliers and found highly significant differences in the incidences of endocrine and mammary tumors. (wikipedia.org)
  • In the present study, we characterized the behavioral evolution of epileptic symptoms in a rat PTZ kindling model in both sexes. (saneurociencias.org.ar)
  • This study aimed to assess the potential apoptotic and oxidative damaging impacts of Triclosan (TCS) and Sodium Fluoride (NaF) administered separately or in combination, in rats for thirty days. (elsevierpure.com)
  • The aim of this study was to observe the direct impact of atorvastatin on advanced glycation end products- (AGEs) induced RAGE expression in healthy Sprague Dawley (SD) rats. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Over the next 30 years, rats were used for several more experiments and eventually the laboratory rat became the first animal domesticated for purely scientific reasons. (wikipedia.org)
  • The rats were treated daily for three weeks from postnatal day 22 (P22) to P42. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Many investigators who wish to trace observations on behavior and physiology to underlying genes regard aspects of these in rats as more relevant to humans and easier to observe than in mice, giving impetus to the development of genetic research techniques applicable to rats. (wikipedia.org)
  • Sprague-Dawley model was originally created at SAGE Labs, Inc. in St. Louis, MO and distributed out of the Boyertown, PA facility. (inotivco.com)
  • While less commonly used for research than laboratory mice, rats have served as an important animal model for research in psychology and biomedical science. (wikipedia.org)
  • Intracerebral disulfide HMGB-1 mimicked the effect of the stressor, because microglia isolated from HMGB-1-treated rats expressed exaggerated NLRP3 and proinflammatory cytokine expression after LPS treatment, whereas fully reduced HMGB-1 had no effect. (jneurosci.org)
  • It may be helpful if the additional activity of the Harderian glands is not present in the rat images to be normalized. (pmod.com)
  • The Morris water maze test was used to evaluate spatial learning and memory in the treated rats. (cdc.gov)
  • The genetics of rats was studied by William Ernest Castle at the Bussey Institute of Harvard University until it closed in 1994. (wikipedia.org)
  • neutralizing antibody titrations indicated that infections were caused by a rat-associated virus(30). (cdc.gov)
  • Thus, it is important to understand how this rat virus is diagnosed with increasing frequency as a cause of sporadic related to human infections. (cdc.gov)
  • A genetically distinct HEV have been isolated from humans with hepatitis E, regularly was recently isolated from rats in Germany, and its genome infect pigs worldwide ( 6 ), and infection in humans caused was sequenced. (cdc.gov)
  • In Japan, there was a widespread practice of keeping rats as a domesticated pet during the Edo period and in the 18th century guidebooks on keeping domestic rats were published by Youso Tamanokakehashi (1775) and Chingan Sodategusa (1787). (wikipedia.org)
  • These results suggest that the vinegar enhance immune function of the rats through activation of immunoglobulin production. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Sprague Dawley rats (350-450 g) were terminally anaesthetised (50 mg/kg thiopental ip) and injected with 1 mg/kg iv of SGLT2i, dapagliflozin (dapa, n=8), or 2% DMSO vehicle (n=8). (ed.ac.uk)
  • Ten rats were assigned to each treatment group. (sjweh.fi)
  • The first rat colony in America used for nutrition research was started in January 1908 by Elmer McCollum and then, nutritive requirements of rats were used by Thomas Burr Osborne and Lafayette Mendel to determine the details of protein nutrition. (wikipedia.org)
  • This was the first in a series of developments that have begun to make rats tractable as genetic research subjects, although they still lag behind mice, which lend themselves better to the embryonic stem cell techniques typically used for genetic manipulation. (wikipedia.org)
  • Dive into the research topics of 'Sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibition does not alter the pressure natriuretic response in Sprague Dawley rats. (ed.ac.uk)
  • Mohammed, AT, Mohamed, AAR & Ali, H 2017, ' Pulmonary apoptotic and oxidative damaging effects of Triclosan alone or in combination with Fluoride in Sprague Dawley rats ', Acta Histochemica , المجلد 119, رقم 4, الصفحات 357-363. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Derived from the bone marrow tissues of SD rats and have been transfected with a lentiviral construct encoding a RFP expression motif. (cyagen.com)
  • Results of testing for transmission of human and swine rats. (cdc.gov)
  • Then, Sprague-Dawley rats were allowed free access to the water containing the vinegar at the 0, 0.5, 1.0, or 2.0% level for 3 weeks. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Typically heterozygous rats are cryo-recovered in 10-12 weeks to an age of 7 weeks old. (inotivco.com)
  • METHOD: PTZ saline solution was administered at 70mg/kg i.p. the first day and then 35 mg/kg every other day for 5 weeks to 1-month-old Sprague-Dawley rats of both sexes. (saneurociencias.org.ar)
  • SD rats received AGE-BSA (20 mg/kg/day or 40 mg/kg/day), dual treatment (AGE-BSA 40 mg/kg/day and atorvastatin 20 mg/kg/day) or no treatment for 12 and 24 weeks, respectively. (biomedcentral.com)