• When baker's yeast spheroplasts were lysed by mild osmotic shock, practically all of the isopropylmalate isomerase and the β-isopropylmalate dehydrogenase was released into the 30,000 × g supernatant fraction, as was the cytosol marker enzyme, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. (ku.edu)
  • Further experimentation on spheroplasts generated by the lysozyme/osmotic shock method-a scaleable way to release periplasmic protein-showed similar robustness between strains. (kent.ac.uk)
  • A spheroplast (or sphaeroplast in British usage) is a microbial cell from which the cell wall has been almost completely removed, as by the action of penicillin or lysozyme. (wikipedia.org)
  • The enzyme lysozyme causes Gram-negative bacteria to form spheroplasts, but only if a membrane permeabilizer such as lactoferrin or ethylenediaminetetraacetate (EDTA) is used to ease the enzyme's passage through the outer membrane. (wikipedia.org)
  • Those different forms include B. burgdorferi spirochetes, spheroplast (L-form), round bodies and the notoriously hard-to-kill biofilm forms. (deerbusters.com)
  • The reason for this is that these organisms exist in different morphologic forms: spirochetes, spheroplasts, and cystic forms. (renointegrativemedicalcenter.com)
  • Antibiotics that inhibit biochemical pathways directly upstream of peptidoglycan synthesis induce spheroplasts too (e.g. fosmidomycin, phosphoenolpyruvate). (wikipedia.org)
  • Bacterial spheroplasts do not divide but they grow and enlarge with DNA replication in a broth containing an inhibitor of peptidoglycan synthesis and high salt concentration. (aimspress.com)
  • When used to describe Gram-negative bacteria, the term spheroplast refers to cells from which the peptidoglycan component but not the outer membrane component of the cell wall has been removed. (wikipedia.org)
  • Specially prepared giant spheroplasts of Gram-negative bacteria can be used to study the function of bacterial ion channels through a technique called patch clamp, which was originally designed for characterizing the behavior of neurons and other excitable cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • citation needed] Enzymatic digestion of the cell wall with zymolyase, creating spheroplasts, renders the cells vulnerable to easy lysis with detergents or rapid osmolar pressure changes. (wikipedia.org)
  • Bacterial spheroplasts, with suitable recombinant DNA inserted into them, can be used to transfect animal cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • Spheroplasts with recombinant DNA are introduced into the media containing animal cells and are fused by polyethylene glycol (PEG). (wikipedia.org)
  • It is a proprietary improvement on the Zymolyase® based spheroplast preparation and extraction of soluble proteins from yeast cells. (goldbio.com)
  • With all the sub-MICs tested, the in vitro results showed that meropenem induced the formation of round cells (spheroplasts) on E. coli, while ciprofloxacin produced filaments. (seq.es)
  • A scale-down mimic of continuous disk-stack centrifugation predicted clarifications in excess of 90% for both intact cells and spheroplasts. (kent.ac.uk)
  • This kit is provided with an optional protocol to make spheroplast and remove lytic enzyme Zymolyase®, prior to lysis and extraction of yeast proteins. (goldbio.com)
  • Various antibiotics convert Gram-negative bacteria into spheroplasts. (wikipedia.org)
  • In addition to the above antibiotics, inhibitors of protein synthesis (e.g. chloramphenicol, oxytetracycline, several aminoglycosides) and inhibitors of folic acid synthesis (e.g. trimethoprim, sulfamethoxazole) also cause Gram-negative bacteria to form spheroplasts. (wikipedia.org)
  • Inhibitors of cell wall synthesis caused growing bacteria to form spheroplasts. (wikipedia.org)
  • To prepare giant spheroplasts, bacteria are treated with a septation inhibitor (e.g. cephalexin). (wikipedia.org)
  • The technique of patch clamping giant E. coli spheroplasts has been used to study the native mechanosensitive channels (MscL, MscS, and MscM) of E. coli. (wikipedia.org)
  • It has been extended to study other heterologously expressed ion channels and it has been shown that the giant E. coli spheroplast can be used as an ion-channel expression system comparable to the Xenopus oocyte. (wikipedia.org)
  • Upon conducting experiments following a modified Hanahan protocol using calcium chloride in E. coli, it was determined that spheroplasts may be able to transform at 4.9x10−4. (wikipedia.org)
  • Takahashi S, Nishida H (2015) Quantitative analysis of chromosomal and plasmid DNA during the growth of spheroplasts of Escherichia coli . (aimspress.com)
  • The yeast Candida albicans can be converted to spheroplasts using the enzymes lyticase, chitinase and β-glucuronidase. (wikipedia.org)
  • Finally, using permeabilized yeast spheroplasts to reconstitute FM 4-64 transport, we found that delivery of FM 4-64 from the endosome-like intermediate compartment (labeled at 15 degrees C) to the vacuole was ATP and cytosol dependent. (rupress.org)
  • Spheroplast preparation facilitates PCR screening of yeast sequence. (sinica.edu.tw)
  • For all B. pseudomallei strains evaluated, increased exposure time and exposure to increased concentrations of AMC at and above minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) in broth resulted in cell morphology shifts from filaments to spheroplasts and/or cell lysis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Comparison of transcriptomes of enlarged spheroplasts of Erythrobacter litoralis and Lelliottia amnigena[J]. AIMS Microbiology, 2016, 2(2): 152-189. (aimspress.com)
  • Sel ragi sulit untuk diganggu karena dinding sel dapat membentuk kapsul atau spora resisten.DNA dapat diekstraksi dari ragi dengan menggunakan enzim pelisis seperti litikase, kitinase, zimolase, dan glukulas untuk menginduksi pembentukan sferoplast parsial;spheroplast kemudian dilisiskan untuk melepaskan DNA.Lyticase lebih disukai untuk mencerna dinding sel ragi dan menghasilkan spheroplast dari jamur untuk transformasi. (gdsbio.com)
  • Spheroplast formation followed by cell lysis was observed for all strains in broth containing IPM at concentrations greater than or equal to MICs, however, the time to cell lysis was variable. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Our findings indicate that spheroplast enlargement varies between different organisms with respect to gene expression. (aimspress.com)
  • The name spheroplast stems from the fact that after the microbe's cell wall is digested, membrane tension causes the cell to acquire a characteristic spherical shape. (wikipedia.org)
  • From the 1960s into the 1990s, Merck and Co. used a spheroplast screen as a primary method for discovery of antibiotics that inhibit cell wall biosynthesis. (wikipedia.org)
  • In addition, the enlarged spheroplasts of L. amnigena , which differ in the size of inner and outer membranes, were larger than those of E. litoralis . (aimspress.com)
  • Antibiotics that inhibit biochemical pathways directly upstream of peptidoglycan synthesis induce spheroplasts too (e.g. fosmidomycin, phosphoenolpyruvate). (wikipedia.org)
  • Transformation of yeast spheroplasts without cell fusion. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Lyticase is preferred to digest cell walls of yeast and generate spheroplasts from fungi for transformation. (gdsbio.com)
  • 1 The technique involves homologous recombination during yeast spheroplast transformation between genomic DNA and a TAR vector that has short (approximately 60bp) 5' and 3' gene targeting sequences (hooks). (nih.gov)
  • The procedure employs spheroplast formation by enzymatic digestion of the yeast cell wall followed by cell protein extraction (with or without detergent), while avoiding protein degradation and interference with protein immunoreactivity and biological activity. (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • The yeast Candida albicans can be converted to spheroplasts using the enzymes lyticase, chitinase and β-glucuronidase. (wikipedia.org)
  • Most of the enzyme was intracellular after conversion of the cells to spheroplasts in the presence of carbenicillin. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • [ 17 , 18 ] Inhibition of PBPs 1a and 1b results in fast bacterial killing through the formation of spheroplasts. (medscape.com)
  • From the 1960s into the 1990s, Merck and Co. used a spheroplast screen as a primary method for discovery of antibiotics that inhibit cell wall biosynthesis. (wikipedia.org)