• The relationship of dietary sulfate and the availability of taurine in the tissues to the relative conjugation of cholic acid with glycine and taurine to form the bile acids, glycocholic and taurocholic acids, in rats was investigated by feeding diets which contained different levels of total sulfur as sulfate and different neutral to inorganic sulfur ratios. (tennessee.edu)
  • Following stomach-tube feeding of cholic acid-24- 14 C, the relative conjugation, glycocholic:taurocholic ratio (G:T ratio), was determined by extracting the bile acids from the intestinal contents of the jejunum-ileum section of the small intestine. (tennessee.edu)
  • The best biomarker for diagnosis and follow-up of ICP is up to knowing percentage levels of bile acids (taurocholic and glycocholic acids) over 40% with TBA 14 mmol/L. The level of bile acid is found to be associated with fetal complications [ 1 , 4 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Any of the complex acids that occur as salts in bile, e.g., cholic, glycocholic, and taurocholic acids. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • citation needed] The median lethal dose of taurocholic acid in newborn rats is 380 mg/kg. (wikipedia.org)
  • The plasma concentration and biliary excretion profiles of a cationic cyclic octapeptide, octreotide, were compared between control rats and rats given an intravenous infusion of a bile acid, taurocholate (TCA), and an organic anion, dibromosulfophthalein (DBSP). (aspetjournals.org)
  • To determine the correlation between maternal bile acid (BA) level and fetal pulmonary surfactant in rats and study the effects of BA on fetal lung in rat model of intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy. (hindawi.com)
  • Levels of total bile acid (TBA), ALT, AST, TBIL, DBIL, and SP-A were determined and the lungs of fetal rats were analyzed for pathological changes. (hindawi.com)
  • EMD 56133 did not interfere with transport systems for monovalent organic cations, amino acids and long chain fatty acids. (nih.gov)
  • Several substrates of other endogenous transport systems (e.g. bilirubin, cyclopeptides, monovalent cations, dipeptides, amino acids, fatty acids, hexoses) did not interfere with the transport of EMD 56133. (nih.gov)
  • Plasma parameters, gut microbiota, bile acid and short-chain fatty acids were analyzed to detect the improved effects and possible mechanisms. (ijpsonline.com)
  • and increased the short-chain fatty acids, especially acetic acid and butyric acid. (ijpsonline.com)
  • Results from our study indicated that the addition of capsaicin have better effects to reduce the weight, insulin and fasting blood glucose, and the possibly mechanism can be due to the changes in bile acid composition, microbial abundance and shortchain fatty acids. (ijpsonline.com)
  • In addition, dietary fiber can be fermented by gut microbes into Short-Chain Fatty Acids (SCFAs), which have beneficial effects on the gut barrier and can mitigate obesity by regulating the endocrine activity[ 8 ]. (ijpsonline.com)
  • In this article, we demonstrate that dietary fiber and short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) induced the expression of the vitamin A-converting enzyme RALDH1 in intestinal epithelial cells in vivo and in vitro, respectively. (aai.org)
  • C 18 H 30 O 2 , an omega-3 fatty acid derived from plants, esp. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • C 20 H 32 O 2 , an omega-6 fatty acid formed by the action of enzymes on phospholipids in cell membranes. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • in diabetic ketoacidosis, when the conversion of fatty acids to ketones increases. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • Increased plasma free fatty acid concentration is associated with insulin resistance. (heraldopenaccess.us)
  • Some studies suggest that an increase in plasma fatty acid concentration reduces glucose uptake and phosphorylation, and this leads to reduced glycogen synthesis and glucose oxidation. (heraldopenaccess.us)
  • In addition, there is evidence that fatty acids interfere with very early stages of Glucose Transporter Type 4 (GLUT4) and hexokinase II activity [8]. (heraldopenaccess.us)
  • Carnitine plays a role in the transfer of long chain fatty acids from cytoplasm to mitochondria for beta-oxidation. (heraldopenaccess.us)
  • More specifically, a decrease in secondary bile acids, glucose, free fatty acids, and dipeptides and an increase in primary bile acids and sugar alcohols in mouse gut induced by antibiotics could increase susceptibility to CD infection (Theriot et al. (iwp-2inhibitor.com)
  • The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. (lookformedical.com)
  • Twenty alpha-amino acids are the subunits which are polymerized to form proteins. (lookformedical.com)
  • It contains cholique acid and taurocholic acid that disperse fats, as well as lipoid substances that dissolve dyes. (savonbienetre.fr)
  • Bile acid signaling in lipid metabolism: metabolomic and lipidomic analysis of lipid and bile acid markers linked to anti-obesity and anti-diabetes in mice. (omeka.net)
  • 2014). One known function of the normal human gut microbiota is the metabolism of metabolites in the intestinal tract (e.g., bile acids) (Weingar- den et al. (iwp-2inhibitor.com)
  • Administration of 0.05 g/kg capsaicin showed the highest of tauro-alpha-muricholic acid sodium salt and tauro-beta-muricholic acid sodium salt and 0.1 g/kg capsaicin resulted in the highest of lithocholic acid, cholic acid and hyodeoxycholic acid. (ijpsonline.com)
  • For example, chenodeoxycholic and lithocholic acids are cytotoxic and have detergent effects. (hindawi.com)
  • however, the second- ary bile acids (lithocholic and ursodeoxycholic acids) have been shown to inhibit CD germination and growth in vitro (Weingarden et al. (iwp-2inhibitor.com)
  • In recent years, bile acids and their derivatives have received considerable interest in drug delivery research due to their versatile role in pharmaceutical formulations. (viochemicals.com)
  • Hydrolysis of taurocholic acid yields taurine. (wikipedia.org)
  • Taurine: A colorless crystalline substance, C2H7NO3S, formed by the hydrolysis of taurocholic acid and found in the fluids of the muscles and lungs of many animals. (petsblogs.com)
  • Glacial (highly purified) acetic acid contains at least 99.5% acetic acid by weight. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • Requirements other than taurine availability which affect bile acid conjugation were also considered in relation to the present findings. (tennessee.edu)
  • Taurine , a water-soluble amino acid, has recently become the topic of conversation when referring to the nutritional composition that makes up the human and animal physical structure. (petsblogs.com)
  • It plays an important role in alleviating the impact of cholestasis on hepatocytes by effluxing bile acids into the blood, and can be up-regulated in the liver in such instances. (solvobiotech.com)
  • ABBR: AHA Any of a class of water-soluble acids derived from fruit or milk, having a hydroxyl moiety in the first position in the molecule. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • Affected individuals have a defect involving the excretion of bile salts, which leads to increased serum bile acids. (medscape.com)
  • Ursodeoxycholic acid NEW! (viochemicals.com)
  • Interestingly, these are also the bile acids significantly decreased by ursodeoxycholic acid (UCDA), which is currently the main pharmacological treatment. (medscape.com)
  • Corticosteroids inhibit formation of arachidonic acid from phospholipids when cell membranes are damaged. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • Taurocholic acid, known also as cholaic acid, cholyltaurine, or acidum cholatauricum, is a deliquescent yellowish crystalline bile acid involved in the emulsification of fats. (wikipedia.org)
  • C 4 H 4 N 2 O 3 , a crystalline acid from which phenobarbital and other barbiturates are derived. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • C 7 H 6 O 2 , a white crystalline acid having a slight odor. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • H 3 BO 3 , a white crystalline acid that in water forms a very weak acid solution poisonous to plants and animals. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • Any chemistry student will tell you that when acids and bases (alkali) come into contact, they neutralize one another. (bodyecology.com)
  • Dietary fat-induced taurocholic acid production promotes pathobiont and colitis in IL-10-/-mice. (uchicago.edu)
  • Ascorbic acid research grade, Ph. (lkb.pl)
  • Glycochenodeoxycholic acid NEW! (viochemicals.com)
  • A linear discriminant analysis model based on capsiamide, dihydrosphingosine, and glycochenodeoxycholic acid was further con- structed to identify CD infection in diarrhea. (iwp-2inhibitor.com)
  • C 3 H 4 O 2 , a colorless corrosive acid used in making acrylic polymers and resins. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • Bile acid is transferred from fetus to mother through fetus circulation, and then mother exhausted the exceeding bile acid out of the body with normal liver and gall system. (hindawi.com)
  • Figure ?Physique11c shows the characteristics of the anti-GCA mAb purified by caprylic acid-ammonium sulfate precipitation. (eprf.ca)
  • The acid is a known carcinogen, and its use has been associated with and may cause end-stage renal disease and cancers of the urinary tract that may occur many years after usage has stopped. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • Once thought of as an unimportant A.A., recent studies ( here and here ) are proving that this amino acid has metabolic properties that are very beneficial to various components of the mammal skeletal system as well as heart, kidneys and blood. (petsblogs.com)
  • An acid reacts with a metal to form a salt, neutralizes bases, and turns litmus paper red. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • The fully hydrated form of silica gel has distinct properties and is referred to as SILICIC ACID. (lookformedical.com)
  • Different food groups prompt different enzymes to be secreted in your stomach, and each enzyme needs either an acid or alkaline environment in which to break down your food. (bodyecology.com)
  • In vitro experiments showed that chenodeoxycholic acids could also disrupt cellular membranes in the alveoli, increasing cationic permeability and intracellular Ca 2+ concentration, leading to overloading of Ca 2+ in cells, and causing injury to type II pneumonocyte [ 13 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • The availability and low cost of bile acids along with their unique advantages turn them into attractive scaffolds for the design of novel drugs and drug carrier systems. (viochemicals.com)
  • Recently, bile acid was found to cause surfactant inactivation by enhancing the activity of secretory phospholipase A2 (sPLA2) and induce inflammatory response of fetal lung [ 5 , 8 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • The acid is found in many foods. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • The diet containing a high inorganic sulfur level (0.42 percent) and no added cysteine had the largest G:T ratio corresponding to the smallest relative amount of taurocholic acid. (tennessee.edu)
  • The results of this study have been interpreted to imply that the level of inorganic sulfur in the diet may serve an important regulatory function in bile acid conjugation. (tennessee.edu)
  • The bile acid binding was measured using the colorimetric assay. (biomedcentral.com)
  • 2007). Several dif- ferent tests, including cytotoxin assay, cultures on selective media, and nucleic acid amplification tests (Berry et al. (iwp-2inhibitor.com)