• Carboxyglutamic acid (or the conjugate base, carboxyglutamate), is an uncommon amino acid introduced into proteins by a post-translational carboxylation of glutamic acid residues. (wikipedia.org)
  • A number of γ-carboxyglutamate residues are present in the γ-carboxyglutamic acid-rich ("GLA") domain. (wikipedia.org)
  • γ-Carboxyglutamic acid residues play an important role in coagulation. (wikipedia.org)
  • Tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) of 28 residue peptides harboring γ- carboxylated glutamic acid residues, a posttranslational modification of several proenzymes of the blood coagulation cascade, using either collisions or infrared photons results in complete ejection of the γ-CO 2 moieties (-44 Da) before cleavage of peptide-backbone bonds. (northwestern.edu)
  • The resulting HPlm contains a heavy chain of 561 amino acid residues, originating from the N-terminus of HPlg, doubly disulfide-linked to a light chain of 230 amino acid residues. (embl.de)
  • The heavy chain of HPlm consists of five repeating triple-disulfide-linked peptide regions, c. 80 amino acid residues in length, termed kringles (K), that are responsible for interactions of HPlg and HPlm with substrates, inhibitors and regulators of HPlg activation. (embl.de)
  • The amino acid residues important in these kringle/ligand binding interactions have been proposed by structural determinations, and their relative importance quantified by site-directed mutagenesis experimentation. (embl.de)
  • 3. Kalafatis, M., Takahashi, Y., Girma, J.P., and Meyer, D. Localization of a collagen interactive domain of human von Willebrand Factor between amino acid residues Gly 911 and Glu 1365. (csuohio.edu)
  • Prior to secretion into the blood, post translational modification by a vitamin K-dependent carboxylase produces ten -carboxyglutamic acid (gla) residues located in the NH2-terminal portion of the molecule, which facilitate cell membrane binding. (cellsystems.eu)
  • Several proteins, including factors II (prothrombin), VII, IX and X, protein C and protein S, are subjected to vitamin K-dependent g-carboxylation of glutamic acid residues during their synthesis in the liver. (apcresistance.com)
  • carboxyglutamic acid residues, for the treatment of neurologic and psychiatric disorders, such as anticonvulsant agents, neuroprotective agents or analgesic agents. (justia.com)
  • The NH2-terminal region contains 12 g-carboxyglutamic acid (gla) residues, which facilitate the calcium dependent binding of factor IX to negatively charged phospholipid surfaces. (prottech.com.cn)
  • 84 amino acid residues and 5 Gla(r γ-carboxyglutamic acid) residues.The activity is mainly due to the high affinity of their γ-carboxyglutamic acid (Gla) residues for calcium ions. (bomiprot.org)
  • These residues are the result of γ-carboxylation of glutamic acid, a reaction catalyzed by γ-glutamyl carboxylase, in which vitamin K acts as a cofactor.A phosphorylation domain, in the N-terminal end of the signal peptide, contains 3 phosphorylated serine residues.A single, disulfide bond is observed between two conserved cysteines.The N-terminal end also includes the target site for γ-glutamyl carboxylase. (bomiprot.org)
  • The only known biological function of vitamin K is to serve as a co-factor for the γ-glutamyl carboxylase (GGCX), an enzyme responsible for the conversion of glutamic acid residues (GLU) into γ-carboxyglutamic acid (GLA) residues in specific secreted proteins. (umontreal.ca)
  • A sequence of about forty amino-acid residues found in epidermal growth factor (EGF) has been shown [ ( PUBMED:2288911 ) ( PUBMED:6334307 ) ( PUBMED:3534958 ) ( PUBMED:6607417 ) ( PUBMED:3282918 ) ] to be present in a large number of membrane-bound and extracellular, mostly animal, proteins. (embl.de)
  • Modified amino acid gamma-carboxyglutamic acid (Gla) stems from degraded proteins reflecting turnover of proteins. (mcmaster.ca)
  • Bound to cysteine in place of sulfur and called the "21st amino acid," selenocysteine is the active site in some 35 proteins. (tahomaclinicblog.com)
  • Vitamin K helps to maintain bone health, partly via the activation of gamma-carboxyglutamic acid (GLA) proteins involved in skeletal mineralization, such as matrix Gla protein (MGP) and osteocalcin.8,9 Low vitamin K status may impair the function of Gla proteins involved in regulation of bone mineralization. (healthyplanetcanada.com)
  • Without the necessary amino acids we cannot make these proteins. (supernutrient.com)
  • If we are not breaking down our food into the basic building blocks of all proteins, amino acids, how can we maintain bone density and avoid osteoporosis? (supernutrient.com)
  • Vitamin K's primary function in the body is to aid in the production of Gla (gamma carboxyglutamic acid) proteins, which play a part in coagulation and anti-coagulation of blood. (greenorganicsupplements.com)
  • Both pathways involve a number of plasma proteins as listed in Table 1. (apcresistance.com)
  • This unique amino acid modification allows the proteins to bind calcium ions necessary for phospholipid binding and thereby to participate efficiently in multimolecular complexes in the coagulation cascade. (apcresistance.com)
  • Proteins consist of 20 types of amino acids, some of which are called standard and others are nonstandard. (uticahistoricalsociety.org)
  • In the blood coagulation cascade, vitamin K is required to introduce γ-carboxylation of clotting factors II, VII, IX, X and protein Z. In the biosynthesis of γ-carboxyglutamic acid, the γ-proton on glutamic acid is abstracted, and CO2 is subsequently added. (wikipedia.org)
  • Furie B, Bouchard BA, Furie BC (1999) Vitamin K-dependent biosynthesis of gamma-carboxyglutamic acid. (springer.com)
  • A low protein C activity is expected in aprotinin treated patients because aprotinin is an inhibitor of activated protein C. Oral anticoagulant therapy interferes with the formation of g-carboxyglutamic acid moiety of the protein C molecules during biosynthesis in the liver, which results in a loss of anticoagulant activity. (diapharma.com)
  • Vermeer and Theuwissen, 2011 ), as K2 activates the bone gamma-carboxyglutamic acid-containing protein (osteocalcin) through carboxylation. (drgoddek.com)
  • Osteocalcin, also known as bone gamma carboxyglutamic acid and contains protein (BGLAP), is a non-collagenous protein found in bone and dentin. (meltmethod.com)
  • There is growing evidence that nutritional supplements-vitamins, minerals, amino acids, fatty acid nutrients, herbal and botanical products, and various other natural compounds like coenzyme Q10 and alpha lipoic acid-have specific health benefits, in addition to those provided by the right diet, daily exercise, reducing stress, and getting a good night's sleep. (tahomaclinicblog.com)
  • It uses 3-gamma carboxyglutamic acid (Gla) in order to bind tightly to the hydroxyapatite surfaces in the bone matrix. (supernutrient.com)
  • This hormone that can cross the blood-brain barrier and binds to neurons in different regions of our brain, binds to neurons and enhances the synthesis of key neurotransmitters and inhibits GABA synthesis (Gamma-amino butyric acid is an amino acid in the body that acts as a neurotransmitter in the brain that inhibits nerve transmission). (meltmethod.com)
  • We have also recently identified specific amino acids on prothrombin that are responsible for its activity. (csuohio.edu)
  • Data from my laboratory strongly suggest that amino acids Leu 480 and Gln 481 from prothrombin are crucial for proper recognition of the fVa-dependent site(s) for fXa within prothrombinase, thus modulating the enzymatic activity of fXa within the prothrombinase complex. (csuohio.edu)
  • A prompt response (shortening of the prothrombin time in 2 to 4 hours) following administration of vitamin K 1 is usually diagnostic of hemorrhagic disease of the newborn, and failure to respond indicates another diagnosis or coagulation disorder. (pfizermedicalinformation.com)
  • For example, the amino acid g-carboxyglutamic acid is found in the blood-clotting protein prothrombin. (uticahistoricalsociety.org)
  • A member of this class is citric acid which is the first product formed by reaction of pyruvate and oxaloacetate. (bvsalud.org)
  • Fifty four women above 51 years old who are at least 1 year postmenopausal, underwent BMD (using DEXA examinations), BMI, and Osteocalcin. (walshmedicalmedia.com)
  • C': cysteine, involved in disulphide bond 'x': any amino acid. (embl.de)
  • Activated protein C exerts multiple protective homeostatic actions, including proteolytic inactivation of factors Va and VIIIa, as well as direct cell-signaling activities involving protease-activated receptors 1 and 3, endothelial cell protein C receptor, integrin CD11b/CD18, and apolipoprotein E receptor 2. (mhmedical.com)
  • Tranexamic acid may be of value in patients undergoing surgery who have inherited factor IX deficiency in order to reduce the perioperative risk of bleeding. (wikidoc.org)
  • In all cases, other therapeutic solutions may be considered, such as administration of desmopressin, tranexamic acid or activated factor VII. (bvsalud.org)
  • This occurs through the γ -carboxyglutamic acid (Gla) domain and results in simultaneous activation of protease-activated receptor-1 (PAR-1) signaling via the thrombin receptor agonist peptide (TRAP) domain [ 12 , 13 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Thèse de Doctorat de l'Université Paris VI en Biochimie ( Ph.D. University of Paris in Biochemistry) 1989. (csuohio.edu)
  • Several forms of vitamin K have been identified: VITAMIN K 1 (phytomenadione) derived from plants, VITAMIN K 2 (menaquinone) from bacteria, and synthetic naphthoquinone provitamins, VITAMIN K 3 (menadione). (lookformedical.com)
  • Human factor VII is a single chain, vitamin K-dependent, plasma glycoprotein which is synthesized in the liver (1-3). (cellsystems.eu)
  • Vitamin K-dependent protein containing g-carboxyglutamic acid. (apcresistance.com)
  • In addition, I have spent weeks and months working on so-called causal-loop diagrams to understand the metabolic pathways of vitamin D. I have also studied the effects of vitamin D on the immune system (see Figure 1). (drgoddek.com)
  • Both MK-4 and the long-chain MKs are present in the diet in minute (mcg) amounts (see Table 1: Micrograms of Vitamin K Present in Foods). (vitamindwiki.com)
  • Vitamin K 1 Injection (Phytonadione Injectable Emulsion, USP) is a yellow, sterile, nonpyrogenic aqueous dispersion available for injection by the intravenous, intramuscular and subcutaneous routes. (pfizermedicalinformation.com)
  • Vitamin K 1 Injection (Phytonadione Injectable Emulsion, USP) is indicated in the following coagulation disorders which are due to faulty formation of factors II, VII, IX and X when caused by vitamin K deficiency or interference with vitamin K activity. (pfizermedicalinformation.com)
  • Whenever possible, Vitamin K 1 Injection (Phytonadione Injectable Emulsion, USP) should be given by the subcutaneous route (See Box Warning ). (pfizermedicalinformation.com)
  • Vitamin K 1 Injection may be diluted with 0.9% Sodium Chloride Injection, 5% Dextrose Injection, or 5% Dextrose and Sodium Chloride Injection. (pfizermedicalinformation.com)
  • The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends that vitamin K 1 be given to the newborn. (pfizermedicalinformation.com)
  • A single intramuscular dose of Vitamin K 1 Injection 0.5 to 1 mg within one hour of birth is recommended. (pfizermedicalinformation.com)
  • Empiric administration of vitamin K 1 should not replace proper laboratory evaluation of the coagulation mechanism. (pfizermedicalinformation.com)
  • Tumor-associated blood vessels exhibit prominent structural and functional abnormalities [ 1 , 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We have recently demonstrated convincingly in melanoma and triple negative breast cancer cell lines that recombinant (r) hTRAIL together with several natural compounds (Quercetin, Silibinin, Ursolic Acid) are efficient in inducing apoptosis in previously described TRAIL-resistant cancer cell lines. (csuohio.edu)
  • We have identified the molecular defect in factor V Leiden and we have delineated specific amino acid regions on the factor V/Va molecule that are crucial for their functions. (csuohio.edu)
  • A single -hydroxyaspartic acid identified in factor VII is also located in the light chain region. (cellsystems.eu)
  • Factor VIII SQ variant gene construct used for gene therapy consisting of ApoE hepatic control region and human alpha-1 anti-trypsin promotor, leader sequence followed by B-domain deleted (BDD) factor VIII. (medicalbiochemist.com)
  • APC Resistance is an autosomal dominant hereditary defect mainly due to a point mutation resulting in an amino acid change in the FV gene (Ag506 to Gln mutation, or Factor V Leiden mutation). (diapharma.com)
  • The expression of LC3 and Beclin 1 were up-regulated in dose dependent manner after treatment with fluoride. (fluoridealert.org)
  • Osteoporosis will cause mandible resorption, which in turn cause the failure of osteointegration between the implant and the jaw bone [ 1 ]. (walshmedicalmedia.com)
  • Organic compounds that are acyclic and contain three acid groups. (bvsalud.org)
  • The biologically important organic compound known as amino acids is responsible for building protein in the body. (uticahistoricalsociety.org)
  • At the end of the study period, there was a 15.8% increase in bone formation biomarker P1NP (precollagen type 1 amino-terminal propeptide) compared to baseline measurements. (healthyplanetcanada.com)
  • The expression of LC3 and Beclin 1 in rats was investigated by immunohistochemical staining in vivo. (fluoridealert.org)
  • PCNs induced PAR-1/PAR-3 heterodimerization through EPCR occupation and PAR-1 activation, which resulted in Gα13-RhoA-mediated-Tie2 activation and stabilized vascular tight junctions via the Akt-FoxO3a signaling pathway. (biomedcentral.com)
  • and propionyl-L-carnitine, combined with acetyl-L-carnitine and alpha lipoic acid, each in a higher dose. (tahomaclinicblog.com)