• 4-Nitroquinoline 1-oxide (also known as 4-NQO, 4NQO, 4Nqo, NQO and NQNO) is a quinoline derivative and a tumorigenic compound used in the assessment of the efficacy of diets, drugs, and procedures in the prevention and treatment of cancer in animal models. (wikipedia.org)
  • 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide (4NQO) is a quinoline, a carcinogenic and mutagenic chemical. (wikipedia.org)
  • Both 4NQO and its reduced metabolite 4-hydroxyaminoquinoline 1-oxide (4HAQO) bind covalently to cellular macromolecules such as nucleic acids and proteins. (wikipedia.org)
  • 4NQO's four electron reduction product, 4-hydroxyaminoquinoline 1-oxide (4HAQO), is believed to be a carcinogenic metabolite of 4NQO. (wikipedia.org)
  • To study the role of GPR68 in oral dysplasia, wild-type and GPR68 −/− mice were treated with 4-Nitroquinoline N-oxide (4NQO) in drinking water for 11-13 weeks, followed by normal water for 11-12 weeks. (mcmaster.ca)
  • Here, we used a model in which tumors were induced in rats using 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide (4NQO), which mimicked tobacco-related HNSCC, and analyzed the expression profiles of microRNAs and mRNAs. (figshare.com)
  • Saline as the negative control, 1% ethidium bromide (EtBr), 3% methyl methanesulfonate (MMS), or 1% 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide (4-NQO) was administered once to the eyes of the rabbits. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Methods Four murine OSCC cell lines, designated MOC-L1 to MOC-L4, are established from tongue tumors induced by 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide using the K14-EGFP-transgenic mouse model. (biomasswars.com)
  • Other DNA-damaging agents such as bleomycin or 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide also caused the nick translation rate to increase. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Shrotriya S, Tyagi A, Deep G, Orlicky DJ, Wisell J, Wang XJ, Sclafani RA, Agarwal R, Agarwal C. Grape seed extract and resveratrol prevent 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide induced oral tumorigenesis in mice by modulating AMPK activation and associated biological responses. (ucdenver.edu)
  • One exception is hu- humanized SCID mice, the use of al oncogenic viruses that are strictly man T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 surrogate hosts has not proven very species-specific, causing cancer in (HTLV-1): in addition to its ability to useful for defining tumour site con- humans only. (who.int)
  • In Saccharomyces cerevisiae , rapamycin binds to the peptidyl-prolyl isomerase Fpr1 leading to the inhibition of the Target of Rapamycin (TOR) kinase that forms the TOR Complex 1 (Torc1) [4, 5]. (researchsquare.com)
  • However, we observed a sharp induction of the G 1 cyclin Cln2 (~ 3- to 4-fold) in the ste5Δ mutant within 30 mins of exposure to rapamycin. (researchsquare.com)
  • The toxicity was determined by testing a wide range of concentrations for relative inhibition of the growth of the cells following a 4-hr exposure. (europa.eu)
  • GPR68, or ovarian cancer G protein-coupled receptor 1, responds to extracellular acidity and is highly expressed in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) as well as normal esophageal tissue. (mcmaster.ca)
  • 4. Biological relevance against in-house historical control ranges. (europa.eu)
  • Despite their wide differences ( 1 ), most theories about cancer proposed during the past century agree that cancer is a biological nonsense for the organism in which it originates since cancer cells are believed to be - relatively - autonomous, meaning that they are not subject to the rules and regulations that control normal cell proliferation and differentiation in the organism. (topazium.com)
  • An NADPH-dependent enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of L-ARGININE and OXYGEN to produce CITRULLINE and NITRIC OXIDE. (lookformedical.com)
  • All ENZYME / UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot entries corresponding to 1.7.1. (expasy.org)
  • Histone modifications act as signals that are 'read' by sensory proteins containing bromodomains, PHD fingers and other domains, many of which function as coregulators of DNA-binding transcription factors [ 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Rapamycin is an immunosuppressant used for treating diseases such as kidney carcinomas [1-3]. (researchsquare.com)
  • Since the biochemical pathogenesis of oral malodour was elucidated by Tonzetich, 2 Kaizu, 3,4 and Yaegaki and others, 5-12 simple treatment measures have proven very effective in controlling halitosis. (cda-adc.ca)
  • An in vitro gene mutation study in bacteria, conducted according to OECD TG 471 and in compliance with GLP, reported a negative mutagenic potential in a S. typhimurium reverse mutation assay as well as in an E. coli reverse mutation assay in both the presence and absence of metabolic activation (Verspeek-Rip, 2015, Klimisch score = 1). (europa.eu)
  • Type 1 diabetes, steroid therapy for COVID-19, COVID-19 status, black race and male gender were associated with increased risk of DKA. (bvsalud.org)
  • The inhibition of Torc1 by rapamycin mimics nutrient starvation and causes an array of physiological changes that include global changes in gene expression, phosphorylation/dephosphorylation of various factors, decreased cell growth, degradation of proteins, and ultimately cell cycle arrest in the G 1 phase [4, 9-11]. (researchsquare.com)
  • Enzymes that modify chromatin and associated proteins by the addition or removal of acetyl or methyl groups play a key role in genome regulation [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In DMD, the hereditary scarcity of dystrophin, a subsarcolemmal proteins, causes relentless lack of myofibers and replacement by fibrosis and adipocytes 4. (biomasswars.com)
  • A result is considered positive, if any, one, or all of the following conditions are met: A dose-related increase in mutant frequency over the dose range tested (De Serres F J and Shelby M D (1979), Recommendations on data production and analysis using the Salmonella/microsome mutagenicity assay, Environmental Mutagenesis, 1, 87-92). (europa.eu)
  • Our data provide a new insight whereby rapamycin signaling via the Torc1 kinase may exploit the pheromone pathway to arrest cells in the G 1 phase. (researchsquare.com)
  • The corneas were collected 0.5 ( a ), 2 ( b ), 4 ( c ), 6 ( d ), and 24 h ( e ) after administration, and the comet assay was performed using the corneal epithelial cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • 4 Hence, regular consumption of anticancer foods that display no or little toxicity to the body and boost efficacy of anti-tumor drugs or stop the development of tolerance would be beneficial in preventing cancer. (jcpjournal.org)
  • Alteration of cell-mediated immunity in the mouse following administration of 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide. (jax.org)
  • A transferase that catalyzes the addition of aliphatic, aromatic, or heterocyclic FREE RADICALS as well as EPOXIDES and arene oxides to GLUTATHIONE. (lookformedical.com)
  • In yeast, rapamycin inhibits the TORC1 kinase signaling pathway causing rapid alteration in gene expression and ultimately cell cycle arrest in G 1 through mechanisms that are not fully understood. (researchsquare.com)
  • We show that the H2B R95A causes defects in the expression of a subset of genes of the pheromone pathway required for α factor-induced G 1 arrest. (researchsquare.com)
  • 1. A dose-related increase in mutant frequency over the dose range tested (De Serres and Shelby, 1979). (europa.eu)