Intentional removal of a fetus from the uterus by any of a number of techniques. (POPLINE, 1978)
Expulsion of the product of FERTILIZATION before completing the term of GESTATION and without deliberate interference.
Premature expulsion of the FETUS in animals.
Illegal termination of pregnancy.
Abortion induced to save the life or health of a pregnant woman. (From Dorland, 28th ed)
Individuals requesting induced abortions.
The retention in the UTERUS of a dead FETUS two months or more after its DEATH.
Any type of abortion, induced or spontaneous, that is associated with infection of the UTERUS and its appendages. It is characterized by FEVER, uterine tenderness, and foul discharge.
Three or more consecutive spontaneous abortions.
UTERINE BLEEDING from a GESTATION of less than 20 weeks without any CERVICAL DILATATION. It is characterized by vaginal bleeding, lower back discomfort, or midline pelvic cramping and a risk factor for MISCARRIAGE.
Chemical substances that interrupt pregnancy after implantation.
Premature loss of PREGNANCY in which not all the products of CONCEPTION have been expelled.
A mammalian fetus expelled by INDUCED ABORTION or SPONTANEOUS ABORTION.
Steroidal compounds with abortifacient activity.
Abortion performed because of possible fetal defects.
A synthetic analog of natural prostaglandin E1. It produces a dose-related inhibition of gastric acid and pepsin secretion, and enhances mucosal resistance to injury. It is an effective anti-ulcer agent and also has oxytocic properties.
Non-steroidal chemical compounds with abortifacient activity.
Unintended accidental pregnancy, including pregnancy resulting from failed contraceptive measures.
Pregnancy, usually accidental, that is not desired by the parent or parents.
Aspiration of the contents of the uterus with a vacuum curette.
The beginning third of a human PREGNANCY, from the first day of the last normal menstrual period (MENSTRUATION) through the completion of 14 weeks (98 days) of gestation.
Human females who are pregnant, as cultural, psychological, or sociological entities.
Prevention of CONCEPTION by blocking fertility temporarily, or permanently (STERILIZATION, REPRODUCTIVE). Common means of reversible contraception include NATURAL FAMILY PLANNING METHODS; CONTRACEPTIVE AGENTS; or CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES.
Procedures to block or remove all or part of the genital tract for the purpose of rendering individuals sterile, incapable of reproduction. Surgical sterilization procedures are the most commonly used. There are also sterilization procedures involving chemical or physical means.
Laws and regulations, pertaining to the field of medicine, proposed for enactment or enacted by a legislative body.
A person who has not attained the age at which full civil rights are accorded.
Death of the developing young in utero. BIRTH of a dead FETUS is STILLBIRTH.
The rights of women to equal status pertaining to social, economic, and educational opportunities afforded by society.
Health care programs or services designed to assist individuals in the planning of family size. Various methods of CONTRACEPTION can be used to control the number and timing of childbirths.
The age of the conceptus, beginning from the time of FERTILIZATION. In clinical obstetrics, the gestational age is often estimated as the time from the last day of the last MENSTRUATION which is about 2 weeks before OVULATION and fertilization.
The state or condition of being a human individual accorded moral and/or legal rights. Criteria to be used to determine this status are subject to debate, and range from the requirement of simply being a human organism to such requirements as that the individual be self-aware and capable of rational thought and moral agency.
A progestational and glucocorticoid hormone antagonist. Its inhibition of progesterone induces bleeding during the luteal phase and in early pregnancy by releasing endogenous prostaglandins from the endometrium or decidua. As a glucocorticoid receptor antagonist, the drug has been used to treat hypercortisolism in patients with nonpituitary CUSHING SYNDROME.
Behavior patterns of those practicing CONTRACEPTION.
Reproductive rights rest on the recognition of the basic right of all couples and individuals to decide freely and responsibly the number, spacing and timing of their children and to have the information and means to do so, and the right to attain the highest standard of sexual and reproductive health. They also include the right of all to make decisions concerning reproduction free of discrimination, coercion and violence.
The number of births in a given population per year or other unit of time.
Dilatation of the cervix uteri followed by a scraping of the endometrium with a curette.
Results of conception and ensuing pregnancy, including LIVE BIRTH; STILLBIRTH; SPONTANEOUS ABORTION; INDUCED ABORTION. The outcome may follow natural or artificial insemination or any of the various ASSISTED REPRODUCTIVE TECHNIQUES, such as EMBRYO TRANSFER or FERTILIZATION IN VITRO.
The point at which religious ensoulment or PERSONHOOD is considered to begin.
The middle third of a human PREGNANCY, from the beginning of the 15th through the 28th completed week (99 to 196 days) of gestation.
A genus of protozoan parasites of the subclass COCCIDIA. Its species are parasitic in dogs, cattle, goats, and sheep, among others. N. caninum, a species that mainly infects dogs, is intracellular in neural and other cells of the body, multiplies by endodyogeny, has no parasitophorous vacuole, and has numerous rhoptries. It is known to cause lesions in many tissues, especially the brain and spinal cord as well as abortion in the expectant mother.
The three approximately equal periods of a normal human PREGNANCY. Each trimester is about three months or 13 to 14 weeks in duration depending on the designation of the first day of gestation.
Reporting to parents or guardians about care to be provided to a minor (MINORS).
Pregnancy in human adolescent females under the age of 19.
Devices that diminish the likelihood of or prevent conception. (From Dorland, 28th ed)
Bleeding from blood vessels in the UTERUS, sometimes manifested as vaginal bleeding.
The state that distinguishes organisms from inorganic matter, manifested by growth, metabolism, reproduction, and adaptation. It includes the course of existence, the sum of experiences, the mode of existing, or the fact of being. Over the centuries inquiries into the nature of life have crossed the boundaries from philosophy to biology, forensic medicine, anthropology, etc., in creative as well as scientific literature. (Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed; Dr. James H. Cassedy, NLM History of Medicine Division)
Conditions or pathological processes associated with pregnancy. They can occur during or after pregnancy, and range from minor discomforts to serious diseases that require medical interventions. They include diseases in pregnant females, and pregnancies in females with diseases.
Diseases of domestic cattle of the genus Bos. It includes diseases of cows, yaks, and zebus.
The Christian faith, practice, or system of the Catholic Church, specifically the Roman Catholic, the Christian church that is characterized by a hierarchic structure of bishops and priests in which doctrinal and disciplinary authority are dependent upon apostolic succession, with the pope as head of the episcopal college. (From Webster, 3d ed; American Heritage Dictionary, 2d college ed)
The number of offspring a female has borne. It is contrasted with GRAVIDITY, which refers to the number of pregnancies, regardless of outcome.
The state of birth outside of wedlock. It may refer to the offspring or the parents.
The kind of action or activity proper to the judiciary, particularly its responsibility for decision making.
Protozoan infection found in animals and man. It is caused by several different genera of COCCIDIA.
A potentially life-threatening condition in which EMBRYO IMPLANTATION occurs outside the cavity of the UTERUS. Most ectopic pregnancies (>96%) occur in the FALLOPIAN TUBES, known as TUBAL PREGNANCY. They can be in other locations, such as UTERINE CERVIX; OVARY; and abdominal cavity (PREGNANCY, ABDOMINAL).
Diseases of domestic and mountain sheep of the genus Ovis.
The age of the mother in PREGNANCY.
Pathological processes or abnormal functions of the PLACENTA.
A medical-surgical specialty concerned with the physiology and disorders primarily of the female genital tract, as well as female endocrinology and reproductive physiology.
The co-occurrence of pregnancy and an INFECTION. The infection may precede or follow FERTILIZATION.
A demographic parameter indicating a person's status with respect to marriage, divorce, widowhood, singleness, etc.
The science or philosophy of law. Also, the application of the principles of law and justice to health and medicine.
Standards of conduct that distinguish right from wrong.
Organized services to provide health care to women. It excludes maternal care services for which MATERNAL HEALTH SERVICES is available.
A genus of the family CHLAMYDIACEAE comprising gram-negative non CHLAMYDIA TRACHOMATIS-like species infecting vertebrates. Chlamydophila do not produce detectable quantities of glycogen. The type species is CHLAMYDOPHILA PSITTACI.
The enactment of laws and ordinances and their regulation by official organs of a nation, state, or other legislative organization. It refers also to health-related laws and regulations in general or for which there is no specific heading.
Malformations of organs or body parts during development in utero.
Maternal deaths resulting from complications of pregnancy and childbirth in a given population.
The unborn young of a viviparous mammal, in the postembryonic period, after the major structures have been outlined. In humans, the unborn young from the end of the eighth week after CONCEPTION until BIRTH, as distinguished from the earlier EMBRYO, MAMMALIAN.
Decisions made by the United States Supreme Court.
The term "United States" in a medical context often refers to the country where a patient or study participant resides, and is not a medical term per se, but relevant for epidemiological studies, healthcare policies, and understanding differences in disease prevalence, treatment patterns, and health outcomes across various geographic locations.
Diseases of domestic and wild horses of the species Equus caballus.
A medical-surgical specialty concerned with management and care of women during pregnancy, parturition, and the puerperium.
A highly vascularized mammalian fetal-maternal organ and major site of transport of oxygen, nutrients, and fetal waste products. It includes a fetal portion (CHORIONIC VILLI) derived from TROPHOBLASTS and a maternal portion (DECIDUA) derived from the uterine ENDOMETRIUM. The placenta produces an array of steroid, protein and peptide hormones (PLACENTAL HORMONES).
Administration of a soluble dosage form by placement under the tongue.
The rights of the individual to cultural, social, economic, and educational opportunities as provided by society, e.g., right to work, right to education, and right to social security.
Contraceptive devices placed high in the uterine fundus.
Ongoing scrutiny of a population (general population, study population, target population, etc.), generally using methods distinguished by their practicability, uniformity, and frequently their rapidity, rather than by complete accuracy.
Diseases of the domestic or wild goat of the genus Capra.
Exercise of governmental authority to control conduct.
The fundamental dispositions and traits of humans. (Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary, 10th ed)
Means of postcoital intervention to avoid pregnancy, such as the administration of POSTCOITAL CONTRACEPTIVES to prevent FERTILIZATION of an egg or implantation of a fertilized egg (OVUM IMPLANTATION).
The cognitive and affective processes which constitute an internalized moral governor over an individual's moral conduct.
The intrinsic moral worth ascribed to a living being. (Bioethics Thesaurus)
Informed consent given by a parent on behalf of a minor or otherwise incompetent child.
A hole or break through the wall of the UTERUS, usually made by the placement of an instrument or INTRAUTERINE DEVICES.
Duties that are based in ETHICS, rather than in law.
The insertion of drugs into the vagina to treat local infections, neoplasms, or to induce labor. The dosage forms may include medicated pessaries, irrigation fluids, and suppositories.
The physical condition of human reproductive systems.
The disintegration and assimilation of the dead FETUS in the UTERUS at any stage after the completion of organogenesis which, in humans, is after the 9th week of GESTATION. It does not include embryo resorption (see EMBRYO LOSS).
The philosophy or code pertaining to what is ideal in human character and conduct. Also, the field of study dealing with the principles of morality.
Health care services related to human REPRODUCTION and diseases of the reproductive system. Services are provided to both sexes and usually by physicians in the medical or the surgical specialties such as REPRODUCTIVE MEDICINE; ANDROLOGY; GYNECOLOGY; OBSTETRICS; and PERINATOLOGY.
Trophoblastic hyperplasia associated with normal gestation, or molar pregnancy. It is characterized by the swelling of the CHORIONIC VILLI and elevated human CHORIONIC GONADOTROPIN. Hydatidiform moles or molar pregnancy may be categorized as complete or partial based on their gross morphology, histopathology, and karyotype.
Congenital abnormalities caused by medicinal substances or drugs of abuse given to or taken by the mother, or to which she is inadvertently exposed during the manufacture of such substances. The concept excludes abnormalities resulting from exposure to non-medicinal chemicals in the environment.
A genus of CHLAMYDOPHILA infecting primarily birds. It contains eight known serovars, some of which infect more than one type of host, including humans.
Diminished or absent ability of a female to achieve conception.
The degree to which individuals are inhibited or facilitated in their ability to gain entry to and to receive care and services from the health care system. Factors influencing this ability include geographic, architectural, transportational, and financial considerations, among others.
The capacity to conceive or to induce conception. It may refer to either the male or female.
The interrelationship of medicine and religion.
The care and treatment of a convalescent patient, especially that of a patient after surgery.
Predetermined sets of questions used to collect data - clinical data, social status, occupational group, etc. The term is often applied to a self-completed survey instrument.

Complications of unsafe abortion in sub-Saharan Africa: a review. (1/56)

The Commonwealth Regional Health Community Secretariat undertook a study in 1994 to document the magnitude of abortion complications in Commonwealth member countries. The results of the literature review component of that study, and research gaps identified as a result of the review, are presented in this article. The literature review findings indicate a significant public health problem in the region, as measured by a high proportion of incomplete abortion patients among all hospital gynaecology admissions. The most common complications of unsafe abortion seen at health facilities were haemorrhage and sepsis. Studies on the use of manual vacuum aspiration for treating abortion complications found shorter lengths of hospital stay (and thus, lower resource costs) and a reduced need for a repeat evacuation. Very few articles focused exclusively on the cost of treating abortion complications, but authors agreed that it consumes a disproportionate amount of hospital resources. Studies on the role of men in supporting a woman's decision to abort or use contraception were similarly lacking. Articles on contraceptive behaviour and abortion reported that almost all patients suffering from abortion complications had not used an effective, or any, method of contraception prior to becoming pregnant, especially among the adolescent population; studies on post-abortion contraception are virtually nonexistent. Almost all articles on the legal aspect of abortion recommended law reform to reflect a public health, rather than a criminal, orientation. Research needs that were identified include: community-based epidemiological studies; operations research on decentralization of post-abortion care and integration of treatment with post-abortion family planning services; studies on system-wide resource use for treatment of incomplete abortion; qualitative research on the role of males in the decision to terminate pregnancy and use contraception; clinical studies on pain control medications and procedures; and case studies on the provision of safe abortion services where legally allowed.  (+info)

Self-reports of induced abortion: an empathetic setting can improve the quality of data. (2/56)

OBJECTIVES: This study estimated the proportion of incomplete abortions that are induced in hospital-based settings in Tanzania. METHODS: A cross-sectional questionnaire study was conducted in 2 phases at 3 hospitals in Tanzania. Phase 1 included 302 patients with a diagnosis of incomplete abortion, and phase 2 included 823 such patients. RESULTS: In phase 1, in which cases were classified by clinical criteria and information from the patient, 3.9% to 16.1% of the cases were classified as induced abortion. In phase 2, in which the structured interview was changed to an empathetic dialogue and previously used clinical criteria were omitted, 30.9% to 60.0% of the cases were classified as induced abortion. CONCLUSIONS: An empathetic dialogue improves the quality of data collected among women with induced abortion.  (+info)

A comparative study of surgical and medical procedures: 932 pregnancy terminations up to 63 days gestation. (3/56)

The aim of this retrospective study was to compare the efficacy and complications associated with early medical and surgical pregnancy termination. The study population comprised 932 consecutive women undergoing pregnancy termination at gestations of 63 days or less. There were no age or parity differences between the study groups. Medical termination was performed with mifepristone 200 mg orally and misoprostol 800 microgram vaginally; surgical aspiration termination was performed under general anaesthesia. Outcome measures were: surgical curettage for presumed retained products of conception; ongoing pregnancy; and planned and emergency review in the unit. Early medical and surgical termination were associated with a 90.2 and 94.5% complete abortion rate respectively (P = 0.025). The complete abortion rate with medical termination decreased significantly with increasing parity; no such relationship with surgical abortion was found. Women of parity three or more were less likely to have a complete abortion following a medical (83.3%) compared to surgical procedure (97.7%) (P = 0.028). The ongoing pregnancy rate was 0.9% with medical and 0.5% with surgical termination (P = NS). Medical termination was associated with a lower complete abortion rate than surgical termination, particularly for women of higher parity. However, early medical termination allows over 90% of women to avoid the risks of surgical instrumentation of the uterus and anaesthesia.  (+info)

A prospective randomized control trial comparing medical and surgical treatment for early pregnancy failure. (4/56)

A prospective randomized control trial was designed to assess the effectiveness of single dose, 800 microg misoprostol administered p.v. compared with surgical evacuation for the treatment of early pregnancy failure. A total of 80 women with a diagnosis of early pregnancy failure were randomized to study (vaginal misoprostol) and control (surgical curettage) groups. Success of treatment, side-effects as assessed during, immediately after and 10 days after treatment, and patient satisfaction were compared. Intravaginal misoprostol was successful in 82.5% (33 out of 40) of the patients. None of the control group patients required a repeat evacuation. The number of patients who experienced significant abdominal pain following treatment did not differ between the groups. The duration of pain was shorter in the control group; however, they required more analgesics during this short period. The number of patients with significant vaginal bleeding, the duration or severity of bleeding did not show any significant difference between the groups. All 33 patients in the study group who had successful treatment expressed satisfaction, whereas only 58% of the control group did so. In conclusion this randomized control study demonstrated the efficacy and safety of the administration of 800 microg of misoprostol p.v. for the management of early pregnancy failure.  (+info)

The role of ultrasound in the expectant management of early pregnancy loss. (5/56)

OBJECTIVE: To define the sonographic criteria which best determine the likelihood of successful expectant management of early pregnancy failure (EPF). METHODS: Women with an ultrasound diagnosis of EPF at 7-14 weeks' gestation were offered the option of expectant management or surgical evacuation. RESULTS: Five hundred and forty-five women had a diagnosis of EPF; 298 with incomplete miscarriage and 247 with missed miscarriage or an embryonic pregnancy. A total of 305 women opted for expectant management, with an overall success rate of 86%. The success rate for incomplete miscarriage (96%) was significantly better than that for missed miscarriage (62%). CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates that EPF can be safely managed expectantly. Ultrasound has an invaluable role in predicting the likelihood of successful expectant management enabling patients to make an informed choice about their medical care.  (+info)

Incomplete miscarriage: a randomized controlled trial comparing oral with vaginal misoprostol for medical evacuation. (6/56)

BACKGROUND: A prospective randomized controlled trial was conducted to compare the efficacy and side-effects of vaginal versus oral misoprostol in the medical management of incomplete miscarriage. METHODS: Two hundred and one patients who miscarried consented to randomization using computer-generated randomization model prior to treatment. A total of 800 microg of misoprostol was given either vaginally or orally to the randomized subjects. A second dose was repeated 4 h later if the product of conception had not been passed. RESULTS: The incidence of complete uterine evacuation following vaginal and oral misoprostol was similar [(58/95) 61.1% versus (67/103) 64.4%]. There was a significantly decreased incidence of diarrhoea [(12/95) 13.6% versus (62/103) 65.3%, P < 0.01] with the use of vaginal misoprostol. CONCLUSIONS: Vaginal misoprostol was as effective as oral misoprostol in medical uterine evacuation in patients with incomplete miscarriage. There was also a reduction in the incidence of diarrhoea with the use of vaginal misoprostol.  (+info)

Outcome of expectant management of spontaneous first trimester miscarriage: observational study. (7/56)

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the uptake and outcome of expectant management of spontaneous first trimester miscarriage in an early pregnancy assessment unit. PARTICIPANTS: 1096 consecutive patients with a diagnosis of spontaneous first trimester miscarriage. METHODS: Each miscarriage was classified as complete, incomplete, missed, or anembryonic on the basis of ultrasonography. Women who needed treatment were given the choice of expectant management or surgical evacuation of retained products of conception under general anaesthesia. Women undergoing expectant management were checked a few days after transvaginal bleeding had stopped, or they were monitored at weekly intervals for four weeks. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: A complete miscarriage (absence of transvaginal bleeding and endometrial thickness <15 mm), the number of women completing their miscarriage within each week of management, and complications (excessive pain or transvaginal bleeding necessitating hospital admission or clinical evidence of infection). RESULTS: Two patients with molar pregnancies were excluded, and 37% of the remainder (408/1094) were classified as having had a complete miscarriage. 70% (478/686) of women with retained products of conception chose expectant management; of these, 27 (6%) were lost to follow up. A successful outcome without surgical intervention was seen in 81% of cases (367/451). The rate of spontaneous completion was 91% (201/221) for those cases classified as incomplete miscarriage, 76% (105/138) for missed miscarriage, and 66% (61/92) for anembryonic pregnancy. 70% of women completed their miscarriage within 14 days of classification (84% for incomplete miscarriage and 52% for missed miscarriage and anembryonic pregnancy). CONCLUSIONS: Most women with retained products of conception chose expectant management. Ultrasonography can be used to advise patients on the likelihood that their miscarriage will complete spontaneously within a given time.  (+info)

Expectant management versus surgical evacuation in first trimester miscarriage: health-related quality of life in randomized and non-randomized patients. (8/56)

BACKGROUND: Expectant management, although less effective, is an alternative treatment option for surgical evacuation in women with a miscarriage. We assessed health-related quality of life (HRQL) differences over time between expectant and surgical management in women with a miscarriage. METHODS: Women with a miscarriage were randomized to either expectant (n = 64) or surgical (n = 58) management, and 305 eligible women who refused randomization because of a preference for either treatment option were managed according to their choice following the same clinical protocol (126 expectant, 179 surgical). The main outcome measures were score differences of HRQL during 12 weeks. Repeated measures analysis was applied. RESULTS: Out of a total of 427 women, 198 were excluded in the questionnaire follow-up, leaving 229 women who participated. Mental health of women allocated to expectant management improved more and earlier (treatment effect) than of women allocated to surgical evacuation. Mental health scores were significantly better in women who chose, rather than women who were randomized, to curettage. The groups managed according to their own preference showed no differences in mental health scores. CONCLUSION: Women with a miscarriage who chose their own treatment had the best HRQL over time, supporting the role of free choice from a clinical point of view. Women without a treatment preference should be encouraged to start with expectant management for psychological reasons.  (+info)

Induced abortion is a medical procedure that intentionally terminates a pregnancy before the fetus can survive outside the womb. It can be performed either surgically or medically through the use of medications. The timing of an induced abortion is typically based on the gestational age of the pregnancy, with different methods used at different stages.

The most common surgical procedure for induced abortion is vacuum aspiration, which is usually performed during the first trimester (up to 12-13 weeks of gestation). This procedure involves dilating the cervix and using a vacuum device to remove the pregnancy tissue from the uterus. Other surgical procedures, such as dilation and evacuation (D&E), may be used in later stages of pregnancy.

Medical abortion involves the use of medications to induce the termination of a pregnancy. The most common regimen involves the use of two drugs: mifepristone and misoprostol. Mifepristone works by blocking the action of progesterone, a hormone necessary for maintaining pregnancy. Misoprostol causes the uterus to contract and expel the pregnancy tissue. This method is typically used during the first 10 weeks of gestation.

Induced abortion is a safe and common medical procedure, with low rates of complications when performed by trained healthcare providers in appropriate settings. Access to induced abortion varies widely around the world, with some countries restricting or prohibiting the practice entirely.

Spontaneous abortion, also known as miscarriage, is the unintentional expulsion of a nonviable fetus from the uterus before the 20th week of gestation. It is a common complication of early pregnancy, with most miscarriages occurring during the first trimester. Spontaneous abortion can have various causes, including chromosomal abnormalities, maternal health conditions, infections, hormonal imbalances, and structural issues of the uterus or cervix. In many cases, the exact cause may remain unknown.

The symptoms of spontaneous abortion can vary but often include vaginal bleeding, which may range from light spotting to heavy bleeding; abdominal pain or cramping; and the passing of tissue or clots from the vagina. While some miscarriages occur suddenly and are immediately noticeable, others may progress slowly over several days or even weeks.

In medical practice, healthcare providers often use specific terminology to describe different stages and types of spontaneous abortion. For example:

* Threatened abortion: Vaginal bleeding during early pregnancy, but the cervix remains closed, and there is no evidence of fetal demise or passing of tissue.
* Inevitable abortion: Vaginal bleeding with an open cervix, indicating that a miscarriage is imminent or already in progress.
* Incomplete abortion: The expulsion of some but not all products of conception from the uterus, requiring medical intervention to remove any remaining tissue.
* Complete abortion: The successful passage of all products of conception from the uterus, often confirmed through an ultrasound or pelvic examination.
* Missed abortion: The death of a fetus in the uterus without any expulsion of the products of conception, which may be discovered during routine prenatal care.
* Septic abortion: A rare and life-threatening complication of spontaneous abortion characterized by infection of the products of conception and the surrounding tissues, requiring prompt medical attention and antibiotic treatment.

Healthcare providers typically monitor patients who experience a spontaneous abortion to ensure that all products of conception have been expelled and that there are no complications, such as infection or excessive bleeding. In some cases, medication or surgical intervention may be necessary to remove any remaining tissue or address other issues related to the miscarriage. Counseling and support services are often available for individuals and couples who experience a spontaneous abortion, as they may face emotional challenges and concerns about future pregnancies.

I. Definition:

An abortion in a veterinary context refers to the intentional or unintentional termination of pregnancy in a non-human animal before the fetus is capable of surviving outside of the uterus. This can occur spontaneously (known as a miscarriage) or be induced through medical intervention (induced abortion).

II. Common Causes:

Spontaneous abortions may result from genetic defects, hormonal imbalances, infections, exposure to toxins, trauma, or other maternal health issues. Induced abortions are typically performed for population control, humane reasons (such as preventing the birth of a severely deformed or non-viable fetus), or when the pregnancy poses a risk to the mother's health.

III. Methods:

Veterinarians may use various methods to induce abortion depending on the species, stage of gestation, and reason for the procedure. These can include administering drugs that stimulate uterine contractions (such as prostaglandins), physically removing the fetus through surgery (dilation and curettage or hysterectomy), or using techniques specific to certain animal species (e.g., intrauterine infusion of hypertonic saline in equids).

IV. Ethical Considerations:

The ethics surrounding veterinary abortions are complex and multifaceted, often involving considerations related to animal welfare, conservation, population management, and human-animal relationships. Veterinarians must weigh these factors carefully when deciding whether to perform an abortion and which method to use. In some cases, legal regulations may also influence the decision-making process.

V. Conclusion:

Abortion in veterinary medicine is a medical intervention that can be used to address various clinical scenarios, ranging from unintentional pregnancy loss to deliberate termination of pregnancy for humane or population control reasons. Ethical considerations play a significant role in the decision-making process surrounding veterinary abortions, and veterinarians must carefully evaluate each situation on a case-by-case basis.

A criminal abortion is an illegal abortion, which is a procedure performed with the intent to induce the termination of a pregnancy, carried out in violation of the law. In many jurisdictions, criminal abortions are defined as those performed outside of the legal parameters set forth by the relevant regulations, such as those that require the procedure to be performed by a licensed medical professional, within certain timeframes, and/or for specific reasons.

Criminal abortions may be motivated by various factors, including financial constraints, social stigma, or fear of repercussions. Engaging in criminal abortion practices can result in severe legal consequences, including fines, imprisonment, and in some cases, loss of medical license. It's important to note that the legality and accessibility of abortion vary significantly across different countries and regions, with varying restrictions and requirements.

If you require assistance or advice related to pregnancy termination, it is crucial to consult a licensed healthcare professional or a trusted reproductive health organization in your area to ensure that you receive accurate information and safe care within the legal framework of your jurisdiction.

A therapeutic abortion is the deliberate termination of a pregnancy before viability (the ability of the fetus to survive outside the womb), which is generally considered to be around 24 weeks of gestation. The term "therapeutic" is used to describe abortions that are performed for medical reasons, such as to protect the life or health of the pregnant individual, or in cases where the fetus has a severe abnormality and cannot survive outside the womb.

Therapeutic abortions may be recommended in situations where continuing the pregnancy poses a significant risk to the health or life of the pregnant individual. For example, if a pregnant person has a serious medical condition such as heart disease, cancer, or severe pre-eclampsia, continuing the pregnancy could worsen their condition and put them at risk of serious complications or even death. In these cases, a therapeutic abortion may be necessary to protect the health or life of the pregnant individual.

Therapeutic abortions may also be recommended in cases where the fetus has a severe abnormality that is not compatible with life outside the womb. For example, if the fetus has a condition such as anencephaly (a neural tube defect where the brain and skull do not form properly), or a chromosomal abnormality such as Trisomy 13 or 18, continuing the pregnancy may result in a stillbirth or a short, painful life for the infant after birth. In these cases, a therapeutic abortion may be considered a compassionate option to prevent unnecessary suffering.

It's important to note that the decision to undergo a therapeutic abortion is a deeply personal one, and should be made in consultation with medical professionals and trusted family members or support networks. Ultimately, the decision should be based on what is best for the physical and emotional health of the pregnant individual, taking into account their values, beliefs, and circumstances.

"Abortion applicants" is not a standard medical term. However, in general, it may refer to individuals who are seeking to have an abortion procedure performed. This could include people of any gender, although the vast majority of those seeking abortions are women or pregnant individuals. The term "abortion applicant" may be used in legal or administrative contexts to describe someone who is applying for a legal abortion, particularly in places where there are restrictions or requirements that must be met before an abortion can be performed. It is important to note that access to safe and legal abortion is a fundamental human right recognized by many international organizations and medical associations.

A "missed abortion" is a medical term used to describe a pregnancy in which the fetus has died or failed to develop, but the products of conception (i.e., the placenta and gestational sac) remain in the uterus. This condition is also sometimes referred to as a "silent miscarriage" or "delayed miscarriage." In a missed abortion, there may be no symptoms or only very mild ones, such as vaginal bleeding or the passing of tissue. The diagnosis is typically made through an ultrasound exam that shows an empty gestational sac or a non-viable fetus. Treatment options include waiting for the body to expel the products of conception naturally, taking medication to induce expulsion, or undergoing a surgical procedure to remove the products of conception.

Septic abortion is a medical term used to describe a spontaneous abortion or miscarriage that is associated with infection. This occurs when the products of conception, such as the fetal tissue and placenta, are not completely expelled from the uterus, leading to an infection of the uterine lining and potentially the pelvic cavity.

The infection can cause fever, chills, severe abdominal pain, foul-smelling vaginal discharge, and heavy bleeding. If left untreated, septic abortion can lead to serious complications such as sepsis, infertility, and even death. It is important to seek medical attention immediately if you suspect a septic abortion. Treatment typically involves antibiotics to clear the infection and possibly surgical intervention to remove any remaining products of conception.

The medical definition of "Habitual Abortion" refers to a woman who has three or more consecutive pregnancies that end in spontaneous miscarriages before 20 weeks of gestation. The cause of habitual abortions can be difficult to determine and may involve genetic, anatomical, hormonal, or immune system factors. Treatment is often aimed at addressing any underlying issues that may be contributing to the recurrent miscarriages. It's important to note that the terminology has changed over time and the term "recurrent pregnancy loss" is now more commonly used in place of "habitual abortion".

A "threatened abortion" is a medical term used to describe a situation in which there are symptoms that suggest an impending miscarriage, such as vaginal bleeding and/or cramping during early pregnancy, but the cervix remains closed and the fetal heartbeat is still present. This condition is estimated to occur in up to 20-30% of all pregnancies, and while it can be a source of anxiety for pregnant individuals, it does not necessarily mean that a miscarriage will definitely occur.

It's important to note that if you are experiencing any symptoms of a threatened abortion, you should contact your healthcare provider right away for evaluation and guidance on how to manage the situation. They may recommend bed rest, pelvic rest, or other treatments to help support the pregnancy and reduce the risk of miscarriage.

An abortifacient agent is a substance or drug that causes abortion by inducing the uterus to contract and expel a fetus. These agents can be chemical or herbal substances, and they work by interfering with the implantation of the fertilized egg in the uterine lining or by stimulating uterine contractions to expel the developing embryo or fetus.

Examples of abortifacient agents include misoprostol, mifepristone, and certain herbs such as pennyroyal, tansy, and black cohosh. It is important to note that the use of abortifacient agents can have serious health consequences, including infection, bleeding, and damage to the reproductive system. Therefore, it is essential to consult with a healthcare provider before using any abortifacient agent.

An incomplete abortion is a medical term used to describe a situation where a pregnancy is expelled or terminated spontaneously or induced, but only partially. This means that some of the products of conception (i.e., the fetus, placenta, and associated membranes) are retained within the uterus.

Incomplete abortions can be caused by various factors, including complications during a medical or surgical abortion, miscarriage, ectopic pregnancy, or infection. Symptoms of an incomplete abortion may include vaginal bleeding, abdominal pain, cramping, and the passage of tissue or clots.

Incomplete abortions are considered a medical emergency because they can lead to complications such as infection, hemorrhage, and infertility if left untreated. Treatment typically involves a surgical procedure called dilatation and curettage (D&C) to remove any remaining products of conception from the uterus. In some cases, medication may also be used to help complete the abortion and prevent infection.

An aborted fetus refers to a developing human organism that is expelled or removed from the uterus before it is viable, typically as a result of an induced abortion. An abortion is a medical procedure that intentionally ends a pregnancy and can be performed through various methods, depending on the stage of the pregnancy.

It's important to note that the term "abortion" is often used in different contexts and may carry different connotations depending on one's perspective. In medical terminology, an abortion refers specifically to the intentional ending of a pregnancy before viability. However, in other contexts, the term may be used more broadly to refer to any spontaneous or induced loss of a pregnancy, including miscarriages and stillbirths.

The definition of "viable" can vary, but it generally refers to the point at which a fetus can survive outside the uterus with medical assistance, typically around 24 weeks of gestation. Fetal viability is a complex issue that depends on many factors, including the availability and accessibility of medical technology and resources.

In summary, an aborted fetus is a developing human organism that is intentionally expelled or removed from the uterus before it is viable, typically as a result of a medical procedure called an abortion.

Abortifacient agents, steroidal, refer to a type of medication or substance that is capable of inducing abortion or causing the termination of pregnancy by interfering with the implantation and maintenance of the fertilized ovum (embryo) or the development of the placenta. Steroidal abortifacient agents are synthetic derivatives of steroids, which have a similar structure to naturally occurring hormones in the human body.

The most commonly used steroidal abortifacient agent is mifepristone, also known as RU-486. Mifepristone works by blocking the action of progesterone, a hormone that is essential for maintaining pregnancy. By blocking the action of progesterone, mifepristone causes the shedding of the uterine lining and the expulsion of the embryo or fetus from the uterus.

Steroidal abortifacient agents are typically used in the early stages of pregnancy, up to 10 weeks after the last menstrual period. They may be used alone or in combination with other medications, such as misoprostol, which helps to stimulate uterine contractions and expel the embryo or fetus from the uterus.

It is important to note that steroidal abortifacient agents are not the same as emergency contraceptives, which are used to prevent pregnancy after unprotected sexual intercourse. Steroidal abortifacient agents are intended for use in cases where pregnancy has already occurred and is unwanted or poses a risk to the health of the mother or fetus.

An "eugenic abortion" is not a medical term, but rather a descriptive phrase that combines two concepts: eugenics and abortion.

Eugenics refers to the belief and practice of improving the human species by encouraging reproduction of individuals with desired traits and preventing reproduction of those with undesired traits. This concept has been widely criticized for its potential to be used as a tool for discrimination and oppression.

Abortion, on the other hand, is the medical procedure to end a pregnancy before the fetus can survive outside the womb.

A "eugenic abortion," therefore, generally refers to the practice of terminating a pregnancy based on the perceived genetic traits or characteristics of the fetus, such as disability, race, or sex. This phrase is often used in discussions about the ethics and morality of selective abortions, and it raises important questions about discrimination, reproductive rights, and medical ethics. It's worth noting that the vast majority of abortions are not performed for eugenic reasons, but rather due to a variety of personal, medical, and socioeconomic factors.

Misoprostol is a synthetic prostaglandin E1 analog used in obstetrics and gynecology to prevent and treat ulcers caused by nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), reduce the risk of gastric ulcers in patients taking NSAIDs long term, induce labor, manage postpartum hemorrhage, and cause abortion. It is also used off-label for cervical ripening before gynecologic surgery and to treat miscarriage.

In addition, Misoprostol has been found to be effective in reducing the risk of gastric ulcers and NSAID-induced dyspepsia (upper abdominal pain or discomfort) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and other inflammatory conditions who require long-term NSAID therapy.

It is important to note that Misoprostol should not be used during pregnancy unless under the supervision of a healthcare provider for specific medical indications, such as preventing or treating stomach ulcers in pregnant women taking NSAIDs or inducing labor. It can cause miscarriage and birth defects if taken during early pregnancy.

Non-steroidal abortifacient agents are medications or substances that can cause abortion by interfering with the normal functioning of the hormones in the reproductive system. These agents do not contain steroids and work primarily by preventing the implantation of a fertilized egg in the uterus or by causing the shedding of the uterine lining, leading to the termination of an early pregnancy.

Examples of non-steroidal abortifacient agents include:

1. Mifepristone (RU-486): This medication works by blocking the action of progesterone, a hormone necessary for maintaining pregnancy. When used in combination with another medication called misoprostol, it can cause an abortion during the early stages of pregnancy.
2. Misoprostol: This medication is primarily used to prevent and treat stomach ulcers but can also be used as an abortifacient agent. It causes uterine contractions and cervical dilation, leading to the expulsion of the contents of the uterus.
3. High-dose estrogen and progestin: These hormones can interfere with the normal functioning of the reproductive system and cause an early abortion when taken in high doses.
4. Herbal remedies: Certain herbs, such as pennyroyal, tansy, and savin, have been used traditionally as abortifacient agents. However, their effectiveness and safety are not well-established, and they can cause serious side effects or even death when taken in large quantities.

It is important to note that the use of non-steroidal abortifacient agents for the purpose of inducing an abortion should only be done under the supervision of a licensed healthcare provider, as there are potential risks and complications associated with their use. Additionally, some of these agents may be restricted or illegal in certain jurisdictions, so it is essential to comply with local laws and regulations regarding their use.

Unplanned pregnancy is a pregnancy that is not intended or expected by the woman or couple. It is also sometimes referred to as an "unintended" or "unwanted" pregnancy. This can occur when contraceptive methods fail or are not used, or when there is a lack of knowledge about or access to effective family planning resources. Unplanned pregnancies can present various physical, emotional, and social challenges for the individuals involved, and may also have implications for public health and societal well-being. It's important to note that unplanned pregnancies can still result in wanted and loved children, but the circumstances surrounding their conception may bring additional stressors and considerations.

Unwanted pregnancy is a situation where a person becomes pregnant despite not planning or desiring to conceive at that time. This can occur due to various reasons such as lack of access to effective contraception, failure of contraceptive methods, sexual assault, or a change in circumstances that makes the pregnancy untimely or inconvenient. Unwanted pregnancies can have significant physical, emotional, and socioeconomic impacts on individuals and families. It is important to address unwanted pregnancies through comprehensive sexuality education, access to affordable and effective contraception, and supportive services for those who experience unintended pregnancies.

Vacuum curettage is a medical procedure that involves the use of suction to remove tissue from the uterus. It is often used as a method of first-trimester abortion, or to treat abnormal uterine conditions such as miscarriage or retained placental tissue after childbirth. The cervix is dilated and a vacuum aspirator is inserted into the uterus to remove the contents using suction. This procedure may also be referred to as vacuum aspiration or suction curettage.

The first trimester of pregnancy is defined as the period of gestational development that extends from conception (fertilization of the egg by sperm) to the end of the 13th week. This critical phase marks significant transformations in both the mother's body and the growing embryo/fetus.

During the first trimester, the fertilized egg implants into the uterine lining (implantation), initiating a series of complex interactions leading to the formation of the placenta - an organ essential for providing nutrients and oxygen to the developing fetus while removing waste products. Simultaneously, the embryo undergoes rapid cell division and differentiation, giving rise to various organs and systems. By the end of the first trimester, most major structures are present, although they continue to mature and grow throughout pregnancy.

The mother may experience several physiological changes during this time, including:
- Morning sickness (nausea and vomiting)
- Fatigue
- Breast tenderness
- Frequent urination
- Food aversions or cravings
- Mood swings

Additionally, hormonal shifts can cause various symptoms and prepare the body for potential changes in lactation, posture, and pelvic alignment as pregnancy progresses. Regular prenatal care is crucial during this period to monitor both maternal and fetal wellbeing, identify any potential complications early on, and provide appropriate guidance and support throughout the pregnancy.

'Pregnant women' refers to female individuals who have conceived and are in the process of carrying a developing fetus inside their womb (uterus) until childbirth. This state is typically marked by various physiological changes, including hormonal fluctuations, weight gain, and growth of the uterus and breasts, among others. Pregnancy usually lasts for about 40 weeks, starting from the first day of the woman's last menstrual period (LMP) and is divided into three trimesters. Each trimester is characterized by different developmental milestones in the fetus. Regular prenatal care is essential to monitor the health and wellbeing of both the mother and the developing fetus, and to address any potential complications that may arise during pregnancy.

Contraception is the use of various devices, methods, or medications to prevent pregnancy. The term is derived from the Latin words "contra" meaning "against" and "conceptio" meaning "conception." Contraceptive methods can be broadly categorized into temporary and permanent methods. Temporary methods include barriers such as condoms, diaphragms, cervical caps, and sponges; hormonal methods like the pill, patch, ring, injection, and emergency contraception; and fertility awareness-based methods that involve tracking ovulation and avoiding intercourse during fertile periods. Permanent methods include surgical procedures such as tubal ligation for women and vasectomy for men.

The primary goal of contraception is to prevent the sperm from reaching and fertilizing the egg, thereby preventing pregnancy. However, some contraceptive methods also offer additional benefits such as reducing the risk of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and regulating menstrual cycles. It's important to note that while contraception can prevent pregnancy, it does not protect against STIs, so using condoms is still recommended for individuals who are at risk of contracting STIs.

When choosing a contraceptive method, it's essential to consider factors such as effectiveness, safety, ease of use, cost, and personal preferences. It's also important to consult with a healthcare provider to determine the most appropriate method based on individual health history and needs.

Reproductive sterilization is a surgical procedure that aims to prevent reproduction by making an individual unable to produce viable reproductive cells or preventing the union of sperm and egg. In males, this is often achieved through a vasectomy, which involves cutting and sealing the vas deferens, the tubes that carry sperm from the testicles to the urethra. In females, sterilization is typically performed via a procedure called tubal ligation, where the fallopian tubes are cut, tied, or sealed, preventing the egg from traveling from the ovaries to the uterus and blocking sperm from reaching the egg. These methods are considered permanent forms of contraception; however, in rare cases, reversals may be attempted with varying degrees of success.

Medical legislation refers to laws and regulations that govern the practice of medicine and related healthcare fields. These laws are established by federal, state, or local governments to ensure that medical professionals provide safe, ethical, and effective care to their patients. They cover a wide range of issues including:

1. Licensing and certification of healthcare providers
2. Standards of care and professional conduct
3. Patient rights and privacy (e.g., HIPAA)
4. Prescription medication use and abuse
5. Medical malpractice and liability
6. Healthcare facility accreditation and safety
7. Public health and prevention measures
8. Research involving human subjects
9. Reimbursement for medical services (e.g., Medicare, Medicaid)
10. Telemedicine and telehealth practices

Medical legislation aims to protect both patients and healthcare providers while maintaining a high standard of care and promoting the overall health of the population.

In medical and legal contexts, a minor is a person who has not yet reached the age of majority. The age of majority varies depending on the jurisdiction but is generally 18 or 21 years old. Minors are considered to be legally incompetent to make certain decisions for themselves, such as consenting to medical treatment or signing a contract. Therefore, in healthcare settings, minors typically require the consent of a parent or guardian before receiving medical care, except in specific circumstances where the minor is deemed mature enough to make their own decisions (e.g., emancipated minors).

Fetal death, also known as stillbirth or intrauterine fetal demise, is defined as the death of a fetus at 20 weeks of gestation or later. The criteria for defining fetal death may vary slightly by country and jurisdiction, but in general, it refers to the loss of a pregnancy after the point at which the fetus is considered viable outside the womb.

Fetal death can occur for a variety of reasons, including chromosomal abnormalities, placental problems, maternal health conditions, infections, and umbilical cord accidents. In some cases, the cause of fetal death may remain unknown.

The diagnosis of fetal death is typically made through ultrasound or other imaging tests, which can confirm the absence of a heartbeat or movement in the fetus. Once fetal death has been diagnosed, medical professionals will work with the parents to determine the best course of action for managing the pregnancy and delivering the fetus. This may involve waiting for labor to begin naturally, inducing labor, or performing a cesarean delivery.

Experiencing a fetal death can be a very difficult and emotional experience for parents, and it is important for them to receive supportive care from their healthcare providers, family members, and friends. Grief counseling and support groups may also be helpful in coping with the loss.

Women's rights, in a medical context, refer to the legal, social, and political rights and entitlements of women, specifically in relation to health, reproductive justice, and access to quality healthcare services. These rights encompass:

1. Autonomy over one's own body and medical decisions, including the right to informed consent and refusal of treatment.
2. Equitable access to comprehensive healthcare services, including sexual and reproductive healthcare, without discrimination based on gender, race, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, or other factors.
3. Protection from coerced sterilization, forced pregnancy, and other forms of reproductive oppression.
4. Access to safe and legal abortion services, as well as emergency contraception and other family planning methods.
5. The right to high-quality maternal healthcare, including prenatal care, skilled birth attendance, and postpartum care.
6. Protection from gender-based violence, including sexual assault, domestic violence, and female genital mutilation/cutting (FGM/C).
7. The right to accurate and comprehensive health education, including information about sexual and reproductive health.
8. Representation and participation in healthcare decision-making processes at all levels, from individual patient care to policy development.
9. Access to culturally competent and respectful healthcare services that recognize and address the unique needs and experiences of women.
10. The right to privacy and confidentiality in healthcare settings, including protection of medical records and personal health information.

Family planning services refer to comprehensive healthcare programs and interventions that aim to help individuals and couples prevent or achieve pregnancies, according to their desired number and spacing of children. These services typically include:

1. Counseling and education: Providing information about various contraceptive methods, their effectiveness, side effects, and appropriate use. This may also include counseling on reproductive health, sexually transmitted infections (STIs), and preconception care.
2. Contraceptive services: Making a wide range of contraceptive options available to clients, including barrier methods (condoms, diaphragms), hormonal methods (pills, patches, injectables, implants), intrauterine devices (IUDs), and permanent methods (tubal ligation, vasectomy).
3. Screening and testing: Offering STI screening and testing, as well as cervical cancer screening for eligible clients.
4. Preconception care: Providing counseling and interventions to help women achieve optimal health before becoming pregnant, including folic acid supplementation, management of chronic conditions, and avoidance of harmful substances (tobacco, alcohol, drugs).
5. Fertility services: Addressing infertility issues through diagnostic testing, counseling, and medical or surgical treatments when appropriate.
6. Menstrual regulation: Providing manual vacuum aspiration or medication to safely and effectively manage incomplete miscarriages or unwanted pregnancies within the first trimester.
7. Pregnancy options counseling: Offering unbiased information and support to help individuals make informed decisions about their pregnancy, including parenting, adoption, or abortion.
8. Community outreach and education: Engaging in community-based initiatives to increase awareness of family planning services and promote reproductive health.
9. Advocacy: Working to remove barriers to accessing family planning services, such as policy changes, reducing stigma, and increasing funding for programs.

Family planning services are an essential component of sexual and reproductive healthcare and contribute significantly to improving maternal and child health outcomes, reducing unintended pregnancies, and empowering individuals to make informed choices about their reproductive lives.

Gestational age is the length of time that has passed since the first day of the last menstrual period (LMP) in pregnant women. It is the standard unit used to estimate the age of a pregnancy and is typically expressed in weeks. This measure is used because the exact date of conception is often not known, but the start of the last menstrual period is usually easier to recall.

It's important to note that since ovulation typically occurs around two weeks after the start of the LMP, gestational age is approximately two weeks longer than fetal age, which is the actual time elapsed since conception. Medical professionals use both gestational and fetal age to track the development and growth of the fetus during pregnancy.

In medical and legal terms, "personhood" refers to the status of being a person, which is typically associated with certain legal rights, protections, and privileges. The concept of personhood is often discussed in the context of bioethics, particularly in relation to questions about the moral and legal status of entities such as fetuses, embryos, and individuals with severe cognitive impairments or in vegetative states.

The criteria for personhood are a subject of debate and vary depending on cultural, religious, philosophical, and legal perspectives. However, some common factors that are often considered include consciousness, the ability to feel pain, the capacity for self-awareness and self-reflection, the ability to communicate, and the presence of a distinct genetic identity.

In medical contexts, personhood may be relevant to issues such as end-of-life care, organ donation, and reproductive rights. For example, some argue that personhood should be granted to fetuses at the moment of conception, while others believe that personhood is only achieved when a fetus becomes viable outside the womb or when a child is born alive.

Overall, the concept of personhood is complex and multifaceted, and it continues to be debated and refined in various fields and disciplines.

Mifepristone is a synthetic steroid that is used in the medical termination of pregnancy (also known as medication abortion or RU-486). It works by blocking the action of progesterone, a hormone necessary for maintaining pregnancy. Mifepristone is often used in combination with misoprostol to cause uterine contractions and expel the products of conception from the uterus.

It's also known as an antiprogestin or progesterone receptor modulator, which means it can bind to progesterone receptors in the body and block their activity. In addition to its use in pregnancy termination, mifepristone has been studied for its potential therapeutic uses in conditions such as Cushing's syndrome, endometriosis, uterine fibroids, and hormone-dependent cancers.

It is important to note that Mifepristone should be administered under the supervision of a licensed healthcare professional and it is not available over the counter. Also, it has some contraindications and potential side effects, so it's essential to have a consultation with a doctor before taking this medication.

Contraception behavior refers to the actions and decisions made by individuals or couples to prevent pregnancy. This can include the use of various contraceptive methods, such as hormonal birth control (e.g., pills, patches, rings), barrier methods (e.g., condoms, diaphragms), intrauterine devices (IUDs), and natural family planning techniques (e.g., fertility awareness-based methods).

Contraception behavior can be influenced by various factors, including personal beliefs, cultural norms, relationship dynamics, access to healthcare services, and knowledge about contraceptive options. It is an important aspect of sexual and reproductive health, as it allows individuals and couples to plan their families and make informed choices about whether and when to have children.

It's worth noting that while the term "contraception behavior" typically refers to actions taken specifically to prevent pregnancy, some contraceptive methods may also provide protection against sexually transmitted infections (STIs). For example, condoms are effective at preventing both pregnancy and STIs when used consistently and correctly.

Reproductive rights are a subset of human rights that include the right to plan a family, have children, or not have children, and the right to access information and services needed to do so. This can encompass issues such as access to contraception, safe abortion, reproductive health care, and education about sexual and reproductive health. Reproductive rights also include freedom from coercion, discrimination, and violence in relation to one's reproductive choices. These rights are recognized and protected under international law, including the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and various treaties and conventions on women's and human rights.

The birth rate is the number of live births that occur in a population during a specific period, usually calculated as the number of live births per 1,000 people per year. It is an important demographic indicator used to measure the growth or decline of a population over time. A higher birth rate indicates a younger population and faster population growth, while a lower birth rate suggests an older population and slower growth.

The birth rate can be affected by various factors, including socioeconomic conditions, cultural attitudes towards childbearing, access to healthcare services, and government policies related to family planning and reproductive health. It is also influenced by the age structure of the population, as women in their reproductive years (typically ages 15-49) are more likely to give birth.

It's worth noting that while the birth rate is an important indicator of population growth, it does not provide a complete picture of fertility rates or demographic trends. Other measures, such as the total fertility rate (TFR), which estimates the average number of children a woman would have during her reproductive years, are also used to analyze fertility patterns and population dynamics.

Dilatation and Curettage (D&C) is a medical procedure commonly performed on the uterus. The term "dilatation" refers to the widening or opening of the cervix, which is the lower part of the uterus that opens into the vagina. This is achieved using dilators, which are gradually inserted into the cervical canal to stretch it open.

The term "curettage" refers to the scraping or suctioning out of tissue from the lining of the uterus (endometrium). A curette, a long, loop-shaped surgical instrument, is used to scrape the lining, or suction equipment may be used to remove the tissue.

A D&C procedure is typically performed to diagnose and treat various conditions affecting the uterus, such as abnormal uterine bleeding, heavy menstrual periods, endometrial hyperplasia, or to remove residual tissue after a miscarriage or abortion. It's usually a minor surgical procedure that can be done in a hospital, clinic, or doctor's office, and is often performed under local anesthesia, conscious sedation, or general anesthesia depending on the situation and patient preference.

Pregnancy outcome refers to the final result or status of a pregnancy, including both the health of the mother and the newborn baby. It can be categorized into various types such as:

1. Live birth: The delivery of one or more babies who show signs of life after separation from their mother.
2. Stillbirth: The delivery of a baby who has died in the womb after 20 weeks of pregnancy.
3. Miscarriage: The spontaneous loss of a pregnancy before the 20th week.
4. Abortion: The intentional termination of a pregnancy before the fetus can survive outside the uterus.
5. Ectopic pregnancy: A pregnancy that develops outside the uterus, usually in the fallopian tube, which is not viable and requires medical attention.
6. Preterm birth: The delivery of a baby before 37 weeks of gestation, which can lead to various health issues for the newborn.
7. Full-term birth: The delivery of a baby between 37 and 42 weeks of gestation.
8. Post-term pregnancy: The delivery of a baby after 42 weeks of gestation, which may increase the risk of complications for both mother and baby.

The pregnancy outcome is influenced by various factors such as maternal age, health status, lifestyle habits, genetic factors, and access to quality prenatal care.

The "beginning of human life" is a term that is often used in the context of medical ethics, particularly in discussions about issues such as abortion and stem cell research. However, there is no universally accepted medical definition of this term, as it is also influenced by philosophical, religious, and legal considerations.

From a biological perspective, human life begins at fertilization, when a sperm cell successfully penetrates and fuses with an egg cell to form a zygote. This single cell contains the complete genetic makeup of the future individual and has the potential to develop into a fully formed human being, given the right conditions.

However, some people argue that personhood or moral status does not begin until later stages of development, such as at implantation, when the zygote attaches to the uterine wall and begins to receive nutrients from the mother's body, or at viability, when the fetus can survive outside the womb with medical assistance.

Ultimately, the definition of "beginning of human life" is a complex and controversial issue that depends on one's values and beliefs. It is important to recognize and respect the diversity of opinions on this matter and engage in thoughtful and respectful dialogue about its implications for medical practice and policy.

The second trimester of pregnancy is the period between the completion of 12 weeks (the end of the first trimester) and 26 weeks (the beginning of the third trimester) of gestational age. It is often considered the most comfortable period for many pregnant women as the risk of miscarriage decreases significantly, and the symptoms experienced during the first trimester, such as nausea and fatigue, typically improve.

During this time, the uterus expands above the pubic bone, allowing more space for the growing fetus. The fetal development in the second trimester includes significant growth in size and weight, formation of all major organs, and the beginning of movement sensations that the mother can feel. Additionally, the fetus starts to hear, swallow and kick, and the skin is covered with a protective coating called vernix.

Prenatal care during this period typically includes regular prenatal appointments to monitor the mother's health and the baby's growth and development. These appointments may include measurements of the uterus, fetal heart rate monitoring, and screening tests for genetic disorders or other potential issues.

Neospora is a genus of intracellular parasites that belong to the phylum Apicomplexa. The most common species that affects animals is Neospora caninum, which is known to cause serious disease in cattle and dogs. It can also infect other warm-blooded animals, including sheep, goats, horses, and deer.

Neosporosis, the infection caused by Neospora, primarily affects the nervous system and muscles of the host animal. In cattle, it is a major cause of abortion, stillbirths, and neurological disorders. The parasite can be transmitted through the placenta from an infected mother to her offspring (congenital transmission), or through the ingestion of contaminated feed or water (horizontal transmission).

Neospora is a significant economic concern for the livestock industry, particularly in dairy and beef cattle operations. There is no effective vaccine or treatment available for neosporosis in animals, so prevention efforts focus on identifying and isolating infected animals to reduce the spread of the parasite.

Pregnancy trimesters are a way to divide the duration of pregnancy into three 3-month (or approximately 13-week) segments. This division can help healthcare providers monitor and discuss specific developmental stages, symptoms, and care needs during each phase of the pregnancy. Here's a brief overview of what typically occurs in each trimester:

1. First Trimester (Week 1 - Week 12): During this period, major organs and structures begin to form in the developing fetus. Common symptoms experienced by the pregnant individual may include morning sickness, fatigue, breast tenderness, and frequent urination. Regular prenatal care should start during these early weeks to monitor both the mother's and baby's health.

2. Second Trimester (Week 13 - Week 26): This phase is often considered more comfortable for many pregnant individuals as some symptoms from the first trimester improve. The fetus continues to grow, and movement can be felt. Organs and systems continue to develop, and the fetus becomes more active. Common symptoms during this time include back pain, stretch marks, and swelling of the ankles and feet.

3. Third Trimester (Week 27 - Birth): The final trimester is marked by significant growth and weight gain for both the mother and baby. The fetus will turn into a head-down position in preparation for birth. Common symptoms during this time include shortness of breath, heartburn, difficulty sleeping, and contractions (which can indicate early labor). Regular prenatal care remains crucial to monitor the health of both the mother and baby as delivery approaches.

Parental notification is a term used in the context of medical care, particularly in situations involving minors (individuals who are under the age of majority, which is 18 years old in most states in the US). It refers to the practice of informing or notifying a parent, legal guardian, or other responsible adult relative of a minor's decision to seek certain medical services, treatments, or procedures.

In some cases, parental notification may be required by law before a minor can receive specific medical interventions, such as abortion, mental health treatment, or certain surgical procedures. The specific requirements for parental notification vary depending on the jurisdiction and the type of medical service being sought.

The purpose of parental notification is to ensure that parents or guardians are involved in important medical decisions affecting their minor children, and to provide an opportunity for them to offer guidance, support, and consent. However, there may be exceptions to parental notification requirements in cases where the minor is mature enough to make informed decisions about their own health care, or when notifying a parent could put the minor at risk of harm or abuse.

Pregnancy in adolescence, also known as teenage pregnancy, refers to a pregnancy that occurs in females under the age of 20. This can be further categorized into early adolescent pregnancy (occurring between ages 10-14), middle adolescent pregnancy (occurring between ages 15-17), and late adolescent pregnancy (occurring between ages 18-19). Teenage pregnancy is associated with higher risks of complications for both the mother and the baby, including preterm birth, low birth weight, and increased risk of neonatal mortality. Additionally, teenage mothers are more likely to drop out of school and face socioeconomic challenges.

Contraceptive devices are medical products or tools specifically designed to prevent pregnancy by blocking or interfering with the fertilization of an egg by sperm, or the implantation of a fertilized egg in the uterus. There are various types of contraceptive devices available, each with its own mechanism of action and efficacy rate. Here are some common examples:

1. Intrauterine Devices (IUDs): These are small, T-shaped devices made of plastic or copper that are inserted into the uterus by a healthcare professional. IUDs can prevent pregnancy for several years and work by affecting the movement of sperm and changing the lining of the uterus to make it less receptive to implantation.
2. Contraceptive Implants: These are small, flexible rods that are inserted under the skin of the upper arm by a healthcare professional. The implant releases hormones that prevent ovulation and thicken cervical mucus to block sperm from reaching the egg.
3. Diaphragms and Cervical Caps: These are flexible, dome-shaped devices made of silicone or rubber that are inserted into the vagina before sex. They cover the cervix and prevent sperm from entering the uterus.
4. Male and Female Condoms: These are thin sheaths made of latex, polyurethane, or other materials that are placed over the penis (male condom) or inside the vagina (female condom) during sex to prevent sperm from entering the body.
5. Spermicides: These are chemicals that kill or disable sperm and can be used alone or in combination with other contraceptive methods such as condoms, diaphragms, or cervical caps. They come in various forms, including foams, creams, gels, films, and suppositories.

It's important to note that while contraceptive devices are effective at preventing pregnancy, they do not protect against sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Using condoms is the best way to reduce the risk of STIs during sexual activity.

Uterine hemorrhage, also known as uterine bleeding or gynecological bleeding, is an abnormal loss of blood from the uterus. It can occur in various clinical settings such as menstruation (known as menorrhagia), postpartum period (postpartum hemorrhage), or in non-pregnant women (dysfunctional uterine bleeding). The bleeding may be light to heavy, intermittent or continuous, and can be accompanied by symptoms such as pain, dizziness, or fainting. Uterine hemorrhage is a common gynecological problem that can have various underlying causes, including hormonal imbalances, structural abnormalities, coagulopathies, and malignancies. It is important to seek medical attention if experiencing heavy or prolonged uterine bleeding to determine the cause and receive appropriate treatment.

Defining "life" is a complex question that has been debated by philosophers, scientists, and theologians for centuries. From a biological or medical perspective, life can be defined as a characteristic that distinguishes physical entities that do have biological processes, such as growth, reproduction, and response to stimuli, from those that do not, either because such functions have ceased (death), or because they never had such functions and are classified as inanimate.

The National Institutes of Health (NIH) defines life as "the condition that distinguishes animals and plants from inorganic matter, including the capacity for growth, reproduction, functional activity, and continual change preceding death."

It's important to note that there is no one universally accepted definition of life, and different fields and disciplines may have slightly different definitions or criteria.

Pregnancy complications refer to any health problems that arise during pregnancy which can put both the mother and the baby at risk. These complications may occur at any point during the pregnancy, from conception until childbirth. Some common pregnancy complications include:

1. Gestational diabetes: a type of diabetes that develops during pregnancy in women who did not have diabetes before becoming pregnant.
2. Preeclampsia: a pregnancy complication characterized by high blood pressure and damage to organs such as the liver or kidneys.
3. Placenta previa: a condition where the placenta covers the cervix, which can cause bleeding and may require delivery via cesarean section.
4. Preterm labor: when labor begins before 37 weeks of gestation, which can lead to premature birth and other complications.
5. Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR): a condition where the fetus does not grow at a normal rate inside the womb.
6. Multiple pregnancies: carrying more than one baby, such as twins or triplets, which can increase the risk of premature labor and other complications.
7. Rh incompatibility: a condition where the mother's blood type is different from the baby's, which can cause anemia and jaundice in the newborn.
8. Pregnancy loss: including miscarriage, stillbirth, or ectopic pregnancy, which can be emotionally devastating for the parents.

It is important to monitor pregnancy closely and seek medical attention promptly if any concerning symptoms arise. With proper care and management, many pregnancy complications can be treated effectively, reducing the risk of harm to both the mother and the baby.

Cattle diseases are a range of health conditions that affect cattle, which include but are not limited to:

1. Bovine Respiratory Disease (BRD): Also known as "shipping fever," BRD is a common respiratory illness in feedlot cattle that can be caused by several viruses and bacteria.
2. Bovine Viral Diarrhea (BVD): A viral disease that can cause a variety of symptoms, including diarrhea, fever, and reproductive issues.
3. Johne's Disease: A chronic wasting disease caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis. It primarily affects the intestines and can cause severe diarrhea and weight loss.
4. Digital Dermatitis: Also known as "hairy heel warts," this is a highly contagious skin disease that affects the feet of cattle, causing lameness and decreased productivity.
5. Infectious Bovine Keratoconjunctivitis (IBK): Also known as "pinkeye," IBK is a common and contagious eye infection in cattle that can cause blindness if left untreated.
6. Salmonella: A group of bacteria that can cause severe gastrointestinal illness in cattle, including diarrhea, dehydration, and septicemia.
7. Leptospirosis: A bacterial disease that can cause a wide range of symptoms in cattle, including abortion, stillbirths, and kidney damage.
8. Blackleg: A highly fatal bacterial disease that causes rapid death in young cattle. It is caused by Clostridium chauvoei and vaccination is recommended for prevention.
9. Anthrax: A serious infectious disease caused by the bacterium Bacillus anthracis. Cattle can become infected by ingesting spores found in contaminated soil, feed or water.
10. Foot-and-Mouth Disease (FMD): A highly contagious viral disease that affects cloven-hooved animals, including cattle. It is characterized by fever and blisters on the feet, mouth, and teats. FMD is not a threat to human health but can have serious economic consequences for the livestock industry.

It's important to note that many of these diseases can be prevented or controlled through good management practices, such as vaccination, biosecurity measures, and proper nutrition. Regular veterinary care and monitoring are also crucial for early detection and treatment of any potential health issues in your herd.

Catholicism is a branch of Christianity that recognizes the authority of the Pope and follows the teachings and traditions of the Roman Catholic Church. It is the largest Christian denomination in the world, with over a billion members worldwide. The beliefs and practices of Catholicism include the sacraments, prayer, and various forms of worship, as well as social justice initiatives and charitable works. The Catholic Church has a hierarchical structure, with the Pope at the top, followed by bishops, priests, and deacons. It places a strong emphasis on the teachings of Jesus Christ, the Virgin Mary, and the saints.

In medical terms, parity refers to the number of times a woman has given birth to a viable fetus, usually defined as a pregnancy that reaches at least 20 weeks' gestation. It is often used in obstetrics and gynecology to describe a woman's childbearing history and to assess potential risks associated with childbirth.

Parity is typically categorized as follows:

* Nulliparous: A woman who has never given birth to a viable fetus.
* Primiparous: A woman who has given birth to one viable fetus.
* Multiparous: A woman who has given birth to more than one viable fetus.

In some cases, parity may also consider the number of pregnancies that resulted in stillbirths or miscarriages, although this is not always the case. It's important to note that parity does not necessarily reflect the total number of pregnancies a woman has had, only those that resulted in viable births.

In medical or legal terms, "illegitimacy" refers to the status of a child who is born to parents who are not married to each other. This concept is more commonly used in sociology and law rather than medicine. In some societies and historical periods, illegitimate children may have faced social stigma and discrimination, but this is less common in modern times. It's important to note that the concept of illegitimacy has been largely abandoned in many legal systems, and children are now recognized as having equal rights and status regardless of their parents' marital status.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Judicial Role" is not a term that is typically used in medical definitions. It is a legal term that refers to the role and responsibilities of a judge in the administration of justice. This includes presiding over trials, interpreting and applying laws, and ensuring fair and impartial proceedings.

Coccidiosis is a parasitic infection caused by protozoa of the Eimeria genus, which typically affects the intestinal tract of animals, including humans. The infection occurs when a person or animal ingests oocysts (the infective stage of the parasite) through contaminated food, water, or direct contact with infected feces.

In humans, coccidiosis is most commonly found in children living in poor sanitary conditions and in individuals with weakened immune systems, such as those with HIV/AIDS or organ transplant recipients on immunosuppressive therapy. The infection can cause watery diarrhea, abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and fever. In severe cases, it may lead to dehydration, weight loss, and even death in individuals with compromised immune systems.

In animals, particularly in poultry, swine, and ruminants, coccidiosis can cause significant economic losses due to decreased growth rates, poor feed conversion, and increased mortality. Preventive measures include improving sanitation, reducing overcrowding, and administering anticoccidial drugs or vaccines.

Ectopic pregnancy is a type of abnormal pregnancy that occurs outside the uterine cavity. The most common site for an ectopic pregnancy is the fallopian tube, accounting for about 95% of cases. This condition is also known as tubal pregnancy. Other less common sites include the ovary, cervix, and abdominal cavity.

In a normal pregnancy, the fertilized egg travels down the fallopian tube and implants itself in the lining of the uterus. However, in an ectopic pregnancy, the fertilized egg implants and starts to develop somewhere other than the uterus. The growing embryo cannot survive outside the uterus, and if left untreated, an ectopic pregnancy can cause life-threatening bleeding due to the rupture of the fallopian tube or other organs.

Symptoms of ectopic pregnancy may include abdominal pain, vaginal bleeding, shoulder pain, lightheadedness, fainting, and in severe cases, shock. Diagnosis is usually made through a combination of medical history, physical examination, ultrasound, and blood tests to measure the levels of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), a hormone produced during pregnancy.

Treatment for ectopic pregnancy depends on several factors, including the location, size, and growth rate of the ectopic mass, as well as the patient's overall health and desire for future pregnancies. Treatment options may include medication to stop the growth of the embryo or surgery to remove the ectopic tissue. In some cases, both methods may be used together. Early diagnosis and treatment can help prevent serious complications and improve the chances of preserving fertility in future pregnancies.

I'm happy to help, but I want to clarify that the term "sheep diseases" refers to a wide range of health issues that can affect sheep populations. It's not a single medical condition with a specific definition. Here are some examples of common diseases that can affect sheep:

1. Ovine Johne's Disease (OJD): A chronic, infectious disease caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis. It affects the intestines and can cause weight loss, diarrhea, and death.
2. Footrot: A highly contagious bacterial infection that affects the feet of sheep, causing lameness, swelling, and pain. It's caused by the bacteria Dichelobacter nodosus.
3. Caseous Lymphadenitis (CL): A chronic infectious disease caused by the bacterium Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis. It affects the lymph nodes and can cause abscesses, weight loss, and death.
4. Contagious Ecthyma (Orf): A highly contagious viral infection that affects the skin and mucous membranes of sheep, causing sores and lesions.
5. Mastitis: An inflammation of the mammary gland in sheep, usually caused by a bacterial infection. It can cause decreased milk production, fever, and loss of appetite.
6. Pneumonia: A respiratory infection that can affect sheep, causing coughing, difficulty breathing, and fever. It can be caused by various bacteria or viruses.
7. Enterotoxemia: A potentially fatal disease caused by the overproduction of toxins in the intestines of sheep, usually due to a bacterial infection with Clostridium perfringens.
8. Polioencephalomalacia (PEM): A neurological disorder that affects the brain of sheep, causing symptoms such as blindness, circling, and seizures. It's often caused by a thiamine deficiency or excessive sulfur intake.
9. Toxoplasmosis: A parasitic infection that can affect sheep, causing abortion, stillbirth, and neurological symptoms.
10. Blue tongue: A viral disease that affects sheep, causing fever, respiratory distress, and mouth ulcers. It's transmitted by insect vectors and is often associated with climate change.

Maternal age is a term used to describe the age of a woman at the time she becomes pregnant or gives birth. It is often used in medical and epidemiological contexts to discuss the potential risks, complications, and outcomes associated with pregnancy and childbirth at different stages of a woman's reproductive years.

Advanced maternal age typically refers to women who become pregnant or give birth at 35 years of age or older. This group faces an increased risk for certain chromosomal abnormalities, such as Down syndrome, and other pregnancy-related complications, including gestational diabetes, preeclampsia, and cesarean delivery.

On the other end of the spectrum, adolescent pregnancies (those that occur in women under 20 years old) also come with their own set of potential risks and complications, such as preterm birth, low birth weight, and anemia.

It's important to note that while maternal age can influence pregnancy outcomes, many other factors – including genetics, lifestyle choices, and access to quality healthcare – can also play a significant role in determining the health of both mother and baby during pregnancy and childbirth.

Placental diseases, also known as placental pathologies, refer to a group of conditions that affect the development and function of the placenta during pregnancy. The placenta is an organ that develops in the uterus during pregnancy and provides oxygen and nutrients to the developing fetus while removing waste products.

Placental diseases can have serious consequences for both the mother and the fetus, including preterm labor, growth restriction, stillbirth, and long-term health problems for the child. Some common placental diseases include:

1. Placental abruption: This occurs when the placenta separates from the uterine wall before delivery, causing bleeding and potentially harming the fetus.
2. Placental previa: This is a condition where the placenta implants in the lower part of the uterus, covering the cervix. It can cause bleeding and may require cesarean delivery.
3. Preeclampsia: This is a pregnancy-related disorder characterized by high blood pressure and damage to organs such as the liver and kidneys. Placental dysfunction is thought to play a role in its development.
4. Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR): This occurs when the fetus does not grow properly due to poor placental function, leading to low birth weight and potential health problems.
5. Chorioamnionitis: This is an infection of the membranes surrounding the fetus, which can lead to preterm labor and other complications.
6. Placental infarction: This occurs when a portion of the placenta dies due to a lack of blood flow, which can lead to growth restriction or stillbirth.

Prompt diagnosis and treatment of placental diseases are essential for ensuring the best possible outcomes for both the mother and the fetus.

Gynecology is a branch of medicine that deals with the health of the female reproductive system. It includes the diagnosis, treatment, and management of conditions related to the female reproductive organs such as the vagina, cervix, uterus, ovaries, and fallopian tubes.

Gynecologists provide routine care for women, including Pap tests, breast exams, and family planning advice. They also treat a wide range of gynecological issues, from menstrual disorders and sexually transmitted infections to reproductive system cancers and hormonal imbalances. In addition, many gynecologists also provide obstetric care, making them both ob-gyns.

It's important for women to establish a relationship with a trusted gynecologist to ensure they receive regular checkups and are able to address any concerns or issues related to their reproductive health.

Infectious pregnancy complications refer to infections that occur during pregnancy and can affect the mother, fetus, or both. These infections can lead to serious consequences such as preterm labor, low birth weight, birth defects, stillbirth, or even death. Some common infectious agents that can cause pregnancy complications include:

1. Bacteria: Examples include group B streptococcus, Escherichia coli, and Listeria monocytogenes, which can cause sepsis, meningitis, or pneumonia in the mother and lead to preterm labor or stillbirth.
2. Viruses: Examples include cytomegalovirus, rubella, varicella-zoster, and HIV, which can cause congenital anomalies, developmental delays, or transmission of the virus to the fetus.
3. Parasites: Examples include Toxoplasma gondii, which can cause severe neurological damage in the fetus if transmitted during pregnancy.
4. Fungi: Examples include Candida albicans, which can cause fungal infections in the mother and lead to preterm labor or stillbirth.

Preventive measures such as vaccination, good hygiene practices, and avoiding high-risk behaviors can help reduce the risk of infectious pregnancy complications. Prompt diagnosis and treatment of infections during pregnancy are also crucial to prevent adverse outcomes.

"Marital status" is not a medical term, but it is often used in medical records and forms to indicate whether a person is single, married, divorced, widowed, or in a civil union. It is a social determinant of health that can have an impact on a person's access to healthcare, health behaviors, and health outcomes. For example, research has shown that people who are unmarried, divorced, or widowed may have worse health outcomes than those who are married. However, it is important to note that this relationship is complex and influenced by many other factors, including socioeconomic status, age, and overall health.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Jurisprudence" is not a term typically used in medical definitions. Jurisprudence refers to the theory and philosophy of law, or the study of legal systems, principles, and practices. It is a subject that falls under the purview of lawyers, judges, and scholars of law. If you have any questions about medical terminology, I'd be happy to help with those!

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "morals" is not a term that has a medical definition. Morals refer to personal or societal beliefs about right and wrong behavior. It is a concept that falls under the realm of ethics, philosophy, and sociology rather than medicine. If you have any questions related to medical terminologies or concepts, I would be happy to help clarify those for you.

Women's health services refer to medical services that are specifically designed, focused on, or tailored to the unique physiological and psychological needs of women, throughout various stages of their lives. These services encompass a wide range of healthcare areas including:

1. Gynecology and obstetrics - covering routine preventive care, family planning, prenatal and postnatal care, as well as management of gynecological conditions like menstrual disorders, sexually transmitted infections (STIs), and reproductive system cancers (e.g., cervical, ovarian, and endometrial cancer).
2. Breast health - including breast cancer screening, diagnostics, treatment, and survivorship care, as well as education on breast self-examination and risk reduction strategies.
3. Mental health - addressing women's mental health concerns such as depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), eating disorders, and perinatal mood disorders, while also considering the impact of hormonal changes, life events, and societal expectations on emotional wellbeing.
4. Sexual health - providing care for sexual concerns, dysfunctions, and sexually transmitted infections (STIs), as well as offering education on safe sexual practices and promoting healthy relationships.
5. Cardiovascular health - addressing women's specific cardiovascular risks, such as pregnancy-related complications, and managing conditions like hypertension and high cholesterol to prevent heart disease, the leading cause of death for women in many countries.
6. Bone health - focusing on prevention, diagnosis, and management of osteoporosis and other bone diseases that disproportionately affect women, particularly after menopause.
7. Menopause care - providing support and treatment for symptoms related to menopause, such as hot flashes, sleep disturbances, and mood changes, while also addressing long-term health concerns like bone density loss and heart disease risk.
8. Preventive care - offering routine screenings and vaccinations specific to women's health needs, including cervical cancer screening (Pap test), breast cancer screening (mammography), human papillomavirus (HPV) testing, and osteoporosis screening.
9. Education and counseling - empowering women with knowledge about their bodies, sexual and reproductive health, and overall wellbeing through evidence-based resources and support.
10. Integrative care - addressing the whole person, including mental, emotional, and spiritual wellbeing, by incorporating complementary therapies like acupuncture, mindfulness, and yoga into treatment plans as appropriate.

"Chlamydophila" is a genus of bacteria that includes several species that can cause human diseases. The most well-known species in this genus is "Chlamydophila trachomatis," which is the leading cause of preventable blindness worldwide and can also cause sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Other species in the genus include "Chlamydophila pneumoniae," which can cause respiratory infections, and "Chlamydophila psittaci," which can cause psittacosis, a type of pneumonia that is often associated with exposure to birds.

It's worth noting that the taxonomy of these bacteria has been subject to some debate and revision in recent years. Some experts have proposed reclassifying the genus "Chlamydophila" as a subgroup within the genus "Chlamydia," which would make the species "Chlamydophila trachomatis" become "Chlamydia trachomatis," and so on. However, this proposal has not been universally accepted, and both classifications continue to be used in the scientific literature.

"Legislation as Topic" is a legal term that refers to laws, regulations, or statutes related to medicine, healthcare, and the medical field. This can include legislation regarding the practice of medicine, patient rights, healthcare financing, medical research, pharmaceuticals, and public health, among other things. Essentially, "Legislation as Topic" covers any law or regulation that impacts the medical community, healthcare system, or individual patients. It is a broad category that can encompass many different areas of law and policy.

Congenital abnormalities, also known as birth defects, are structural or functional anomalies that are present at birth. These abnormalities can develop at any point during fetal development, and they can affect any part of the body. They can be caused by genetic factors, environmental influences, or a combination of both.

Congenital abnormalities can range from mild to severe and may include structural defects such as heart defects, neural tube defects, and cleft lip and palate, as well as functional defects such as intellectual disabilities and sensory impairments. Some congenital abnormalities may be visible at birth, while others may not become apparent until later in life.

In some cases, congenital abnormalities may be detected through prenatal testing, such as ultrasound or amniocentesis. In other cases, they may not be diagnosed until after the baby is born. Treatment for congenital abnormalities varies depending on the type and severity of the defect, and may include surgery, therapy, medication, or a combination of these approaches.

Maternal mortality is defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) as "the death of a woman while pregnant or within 42 days of termination of pregnancy, irrespective of the duration and site of the pregnancy, from any cause related to or aggravated by the pregnancy or its management but not from accidental or incidental causes."

This definition highlights that maternal mortality is a preventable death that occurs during pregnancy, childbirth, or in the postpartum period, and it can be caused by various factors related to or worsened by the pregnancy or its management. The WHO also collects data on maternal deaths due to direct obstetric causes (such as hemorrhage, hypertensive disorders, sepsis, and unsafe abortion) and indirect causes (such as malaria, anemia, and HIV/AIDS).

Maternal mortality is a significant public health issue worldwide, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. Reducing maternal mortality is one of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) set by the United Nations, with a target to reduce the global maternal mortality ratio to less than 70 per 100,000 live births by 2030.

A fetus is the developing offspring in a mammal, from the end of the embryonic period (approximately 8 weeks after fertilization in humans) until birth. In humans, the fetal stage of development starts from the eleventh week of pregnancy and continues until childbirth, which is termed as full-term pregnancy at around 37 to 40 weeks of gestation. During this time, the organ systems become fully developed and the body grows in size. The fetus is surrounded by the amniotic fluid within the amniotic sac and is connected to the placenta via the umbilical cord, through which it receives nutrients and oxygen from the mother. Regular prenatal care is essential during this period to monitor the growth and development of the fetus and ensure a healthy pregnancy and delivery.

'Supreme Court Decisions' refer to the legal rulings made by the Supreme Court of the United States, which is the highest court in the federal judiciary of the US. These decisions are the final word on matters of federal law, including constitutional interpretation, and they establish precedents that guide future decision-making in federal and state courts. They can have significant impacts on various aspects of American society, politics, and law.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "United States" is a geopolitical entity, specifically the name of the country consisting of 50 states, and it is not a medical term or concept. Therefore, I can't provide a medical definition for it. If you have any questions related to health, medicine, or biology, I would be happy to try to help answer those!

I understand you are asking for a medical definition of "Horse Diseases." However, it's important to note that there isn't a specific medical field dedicated to horse diseases as we typically categorize medical fields by human diseases and conditions. Veterinary medicine is the field responsible for studying, diagnosing, and treating diseases in animals, including horses.

Here's a general definition of 'Horse Diseases':

Horse diseases are health issues or medical conditions that affect equine species, particularly horses. These diseases can be caused by various factors such as bacterial, viral, fungal, or parasitic infections; genetic predispositions; environmental factors; and metabolic disorders. Examples of horse diseases include Strangles (Streptococcus equi), Equine Influenza, Equine Herpesvirus, West Nile Virus, Rabies, Potomac Horse Fever, Lyme Disease, and internal or external parasites like worms and ticks. Additionally, horses can suffer from musculoskeletal disorders such as arthritis, laminitis, and various injuries. Regular veterinary care, preventative measures, and proper management are crucial for maintaining horse health and preventing diseases.

Obstetrics is a branch of medicine and surgery concerned with the care of women during pregnancy, childbirth, and the postnatal period. It involves managing potential complications that may arise during any stage of pregnancy or delivery, as well as providing advice and guidance on prenatal care, labor and delivery, and postpartum care. Obstetricians are medical doctors who specialize in obstetrics and can provide a range of services including routine check-ups, ultrasounds, genetic testing, and other diagnostic procedures to monitor the health and development of the fetus. They also perform surgical procedures such as cesarean sections when necessary.

The placenta is an organ that develops in the uterus during pregnancy and provides oxygen and nutrients to the growing baby through the umbilical cord. It also removes waste products from the baby's blood. The placenta attaches to the wall of the uterus, and the baby's side of the placenta contains many tiny blood vessels that connect to the baby's circulatory system. This allows for the exchange of oxygen, nutrients, and waste between the mother's and baby's blood. After the baby is born, the placenta is usually expelled from the uterus in a process called afterbirth.

Sublingual administration refers to a route of delivering medication or other substances through placement under the tongue, allowing for rapid absorption into the bloodstream through the mucous membranes located there. This method can allow for quick onset of action and avoids first-pass metabolism in the liver that may occur with oral administration. Common examples of sublingual medications include nitroglycerin for angina pectoris and certain forms of hormone replacement therapy.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Human Rights" is a social, political, and legal concept, rather than a medical one. Human rights are basic rights and freedoms to which all individuals are entitled, regardless of nationality, sex, ethnicity, religion, language, or any other status. They include civil and political rights, such as the right to life, liberty, and freedom of expression; as well as social, cultural and economic rights, like the right to participate in culture, the right to food, and the right to work and receive an education.

However, in the context of healthcare, human rights are crucial. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights recognizes the right to medical care and the right to enjoy the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health. Healthcare providers have a responsibility to respect and protect their patients' human rights, ensuring that they receive care without discrimination, that their privacy is protected, and that they are involved in decisions regarding their healthcare.

Violations of human rights can significantly impact an individual's health and well-being, making the promotion and protection of human rights a critical public health issue.

An Intrauterine Device (IUD) is a long-acting, reversible contraceptive device that is inserted into the uterus to prevent pregnancy. It is a small T-shaped piece of flexible plastic with strings attached to it for removal. There are two types of IUDs available: hormonal and copper. Hormonal IUDs release progestin, which thickens cervical mucus and thins the lining of the uterus, preventing sperm from reaching and fertilizing an egg. Copper IUDs, on the other hand, produce an inflammatory reaction in the uterus that is toxic to sperm and eggs, preventing fertilization.

IUDs are more than 99% effective at preventing pregnancy and can remain in place for several years, depending on the type. They are easily removable by a healthcare provider if a woman wants to become pregnant or choose another form of contraception. IUDs do not protect against sexually transmitted infections (STIs), so it is important to use condoms in addition to an IUD for protection against STIs.

In summary, Intrauterine Devices are small, T-shaped plastic devices that are inserted into the uterus to prevent pregnancy. They come in two types: hormonal and copper, both of which work by preventing fertilization. IUDs are highly effective, long-acting, and reversible forms of contraception.

Population surveillance in a public health and medical context refers to the ongoing, systematic collection, analysis, interpretation, and dissemination of health-related data for a defined population over time. It aims to monitor the health status, identify emerging health threats or trends, and evaluate the impact of interventions within that population. This information is used to inform public health policy, prioritize healthcare resources, and guide disease prevention and control efforts. Population surveillance can involve various data sources, such as vital records, disease registries, surveys, and electronic health records.

I believe there may be a misunderstanding in your question. "Goat diseases" refers to illnesses that affect goats specifically. It does not mean diseases that are caused by goats or related to them in some way. Here are some examples of goat diseases:

1. Caprine Arthritis Encephalitis (CAE): A viral disease that affects goats, causing arthritis, pneumonia, and sometimes encephalitis.
2. Caseous Lymphadenitis (CL): A bacterial disease that causes abscesses in the lymph nodes of goats.
3. Contagious Caprine Pleuropneumonia (CCPP): A contagious respiratory disease caused by mycoplasma bacteria.
4. Johne's Disease: A chronic wasting disease caused by a type of bacterium called Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis.
5. Pasteurellosis: A bacterial disease that can cause pneumonia, septicemia, and other infections in goats.
6. Salmonellosis: A bacterial disease caused by Salmonella bacteria, which can cause diarrhea, fever, and septicemia in goats.
7. Soremouth (Orf): A viral disease that causes sores and scabs around the mouth and nose of goats.

These are just a few examples of diseases that can affect goats. If you have any specific questions about goat health or diseases, I would recommend consulting with a veterinarian who specializes in small ruminants.

Government regulation in the context of medicine refers to the rules, guidelines, and laws established by government agencies to control, monitor, and standardize various aspects of healthcare. These regulations are designed to protect patients, promote public health, ensure quality of care, and regulate the healthcare industry. Examples of government regulation in medicine include:

1. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regulations for drug approval, medical device clearance, and food safety.
2. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) regulations for healthcare reimbursement, quality measures, and program eligibility.
3. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) regulations for workplace safety in healthcare settings.
4. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) regulations to minimize environmental impacts from healthcare facilities and pharmaceutical manufacturing.
5. State medical boards' regulations for licensing, disciplining, and monitoring physicians and other healthcare professionals.
6. Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) regulations for patient privacy and data security.
7. Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments (CLIA) regulations for laboratory testing quality and standards.
8. Federal Trade Commission (FTC) regulations to prevent deceptive or unfair trade practices in healthcare marketing and advertising.
9. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) guidelines for evidence-based practice and patient safety.
10. Public Health Service Act (PHSA) regulations related to infectious diseases, bioterrorism preparedness, and substance abuse treatment.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "human characteristics" is not a medical term or concept. It refers to the typical traits, attributes, and features that define humans as a species, both physically and behaviorally. Physical human characteristics include bipedal locomotion, large brains, and fine motor skills, while behavioral characteristics can include complex language use, self-awareness, and sociality.

However, if you have any specific medical or health-related questions, I would be happy to help answer them to the best of my ability!

Postcoital contraception, also known as emergency contraception, refers to methods used to prevent pregnancy after sexual intercourse has already occurred. These methods are typically used in situations where regular contraception has failed or was not used, such as in cases of condom breakage or forgotten birth control pills.

There are two main types of postcoital contraception:

1. Emergency contraceptive pill (ECP): Also known as the "morning-after pill," this is a hormonal medication that can be taken up to 5 days after unprotected sex, but it is most effective when taken within 72 hours. There are two types of ECPs available: progestin-only and combined estrogen-progestin. The progestin-only pill is preferred because it has fewer side effects and is just as effective as the combined pill.
2. Copper intrauterine device (IUD): This is a small, T-shaped device made of flexible plastic and copper that is inserted into the uterus by a healthcare provider. The IUD can be inserted up to 5 days after unprotected sex to prevent pregnancy. It is the most effective form of emergency contraception available, and it also provides ongoing protection against pregnancy for up to 10 years, depending on the type of IUD.

It's important to note that postcoital contraception should not be used as a regular method of contraception, but rather as a backup in case of emergencies. It is also not effective in preventing sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Regular contraceptive methods, such as condoms and hormonal birth control, are the best ways to prevent unintended pregnancies and STIs.

Conscience is not a medical term, but it is a concept that is often discussed in the context of ethics, psychology, and philosophy. In general, conscience refers to an individual's sense of right and wrong, which guides their behavior and decision-making. It is sometimes described as an inner voice or a moral compass that helps people distinguish between right and wrong actions.

While conscience is not a medical term, there are medical conditions that can affect a person's ability to distinguish between right and wrong or to make ethical decisions. For example, certain neurological conditions, such as frontotemporal dementia, can impair a person's moral judgment and decision-making abilities. Similarly, some mental health disorders, such as psychopathy, may be associated with reduced moral reasoning and empathy, which can affect a person's conscience.

It is worth noting that the concept of conscience is complex and multifaceted, and there is ongoing debate among philosophers, psychologists, and neuroscientists about its nature and origins. Some theories suggest that conscience is a product of socialization and cultural influences, while others propose that it has a more fundamental basis in human biology and evolution.

There is no universally accepted medical definition for "Value of Life" as it is a concept that encompasses both medical, ethical, and philosophical considerations. However, in the context of healthcare, the value of life may refer to the benefits, outcomes, or improvements in quality of life that are gained through medical interventions or treatments. This can include extending lifespan, improving functional ability, relieving symptoms, and enhancing overall well-being.

Ultimately, the value of life is subjective and depends on individual and societal values, beliefs, and preferences. Healthcare providers must consider these factors when making treatment decisions and engaging in end-of-life care discussions with patients and their families. It's important to note that the medical community does not assign a monetary value to human life.

Parental consent refers to the legal right and obligation of parents or guardians to make decisions on behalf of a minor child, including providing authorization for medical treatment. The specific requirements for parental consent may vary depending on jurisdiction, but generally, it involves providing written permission for a medical procedure or treatment after being fully informed about the nature, risks, benefits, and alternatives of the proposed care.

In some cases, parental consent may be required for routine medical procedures, while in other situations, it may only be necessary for more invasive or higher-risk treatments. Healthcare providers must obtain appropriate parental consent before performing medical procedures on minors to ensure that they are acting within the bounds of the law and protecting the best interests of their patients.

It's important to note that in some circumstances, such as when a minor is mature enough to make their own healthcare decisions or if seeking treatment for certain sensitive issues (such as reproductive health), parental consent may not be required, and the minor may be able to provide informed consent themselves.

Uterine perforation is a medical condition that refers to the piercing or puncturing of the uterine wall. This can occur during various medical procedures such as dilatation and curettage (D&C), insertion of an intrauterine device (IUD), or during childbirth. It can also be caused by trauma or infection. Uterine perforation can lead to serious complications, such as bleeding, infection, and damage to surrounding organs. If left untreated, it can be life-threatening. Symptoms of uterine perforation may include severe abdominal pain, heavy vaginal bleeding, fever, and signs of shock. Immediate medical attention is required for proper diagnosis and treatment.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Moral Obligations" is not a term that has a specific medical definition. The term "moral obligations" is more related to ethics and philosophy, referring to the duties or actions that are considered right or wrong based on a set of moral principles or values.

However, in a broader sense, healthcare professionals may use the term "moral obligations" to refer to their professional responsibility and commitment to providing compassionate, respectful, and high-quality care to all patients, regardless of their background, beliefs, or circumstances. This concept is closely related to medical ethics and professionalism, which provide guidelines for ethical decision-making in clinical practice.

Intravaginal administration refers to the delivery of medications or other substances directly into the vagina. This route of administration can be used for local treatment of vaginal infections or inflammation, or to deliver systemic medication that is absorbed through the vaginal mucosa.

Medications can be administered intravaginally using a variety of dosage forms, including creams, gels, foams, suppositories, and films. The choice of dosage form depends on several factors, such as the drug's physicochemical properties, the desired duration of action, and patient preference.

Intravaginal administration offers several advantages over other routes of administration. It allows for direct delivery of medication to the site of action, which can result in higher local concentrations and fewer systemic side effects. Additionally, some medications may be more effective when administered intravaginally due to their ability to bypass first-pass metabolism in the liver.

However, there are also potential disadvantages to intravaginal administration. Some women may find it uncomfortable or inconvenient to use this route of administration, and there is a risk of leakage or expulsion of the medication. Additionally, certain medications may cause local irritation or allergic reactions when administered intravaginally.

Overall, intravaginal administration can be a useful route of administration for certain medications and conditions, but it is important to consider the potential benefits and risks when choosing this method.

Reproductive health, as defined by the World Health Organization (WHO), is "a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being in all matters relating to the reproductive system and its functions and processes. It implies that people are able to have a satisfying and safe sex life, the capability to reproduce, and the freedom to decide if, when, and how often to do so. It also includes their right to access information and services that enable them to do this."

This definition emphasizes not only the biological aspects of reproduction but also the social and personal dimensions of sexuality and reproductive health. It recognizes that individuals have the right to make informed choices about their reproductive lives, and it highlights the importance of access to information and services in realizing these rights.

Fetal resorption, also known as fetal demise or intrauterine fetal death, is a medical term that refers to the absorption of a nonviable fetus by the mother's body after its death in utero. This process typically occurs before the 20th week of gestation and may go unnoticed if it happens early in pregnancy.

During fetal resorption, the fetal tissue is broken down and absorbed by the mother's body, leaving no visible remains of the fetus. The placenta and other surrounding tissues may still be present, but they often undergo changes as well. In some cases, a small amount of fetal tissue may be expelled from the uterus during the resorption process.

The causes of fetal resorption can vary, including chromosomal abnormalities, maternal health conditions, infections, and environmental factors. It is essential to seek medical attention if a woman suspects fetal resorption or experiences any unusual symptoms during pregnancy, such as vaginal bleeding or decreased fetal movement, to ensure proper diagnosis and management.

Ethics is a branch of philosophy that involves systematizing, defending, and recommending concepts of right and wrong conduct. In the medical field, ethics refers to the principles that guide doctors, nurses, and other healthcare professionals in making decisions about patient care. These principles often include respect for autonomy (the right of patients to make their own decisions), non-maleficence (doing no harm), beneficence (acting in the best interests of the patient), and justice (fairness in the distribution of resources). Medical ethics may also involve considerations of confidentiality, informed consent, and end-of-life decision making.

Reproductive health services refer to the provision of health care services that aim to enhance reproductive health and well-being. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), reproductive health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being in all matters relating to the reproductive system and its functions and processes.

Reproductive health services may include:

1. Family planning: This includes counseling, education, and provision of contraceptives to prevent unintended pregnancies and promote planned pregnancies.
2. Maternal and newborn health: This includes antenatal care, delivery services, postnatal care, and newborn care to ensure safe pregnancy and childbirth.
3. Sexual health: This includes counseling, testing, and treatment for sexually transmitted infections (STIs), including HIV/AIDS, and education on sexual health and responsible sexual behavior.
4. Infertility services: This includes diagnosis and treatment of infertility, including assisted reproductive technologies such as in vitro fertilization (IVF).
5. Abortion services: This includes safe abortion services, post-abortion care, and counseling to prevent unsafe abortions and reduce maternal mortality and morbidity.
6. Menstrual health: This includes providing access to menstrual hygiene products, education on menstrual health, and treatment of menstrual disorders.
7. Adolescent reproductive health: This includes providing age-appropriate sexual and reproductive health education, counseling, and services to adolescents.

Reproductive health services aim to promote sexual and reproductive health and rights (SRHR), which include the right to access information, education, and services; the right to make informed choices about one's own body and reproduction; and the right to be free from discrimination, coercion, and violence in relation to one's sexuality and reproduction.

A hydatidiform mole, also known as a molar pregnancy, is a type of gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD), which is a group of rare disorders that involve abnormal growth of the placental tissue.

In a hydatidiform mole, there is an abnormal fertilization event leading to the growth of a mass of grapelike cysts in the uterus instead of a normal pregnancy. The chromosomes from the sperm and egg do not combine properly, resulting in an extra set of chromosomes, which leads to the development of the mole.

Hydatidiform moles can be complete or partial:

* Complete hydatidiform mole (CHM): This type arises when an egg without a nucleus is fertilized by one or two sperm, leading to the growth of abnormal placental tissue with no embryo. The chromosomes come from the father only, and there are typically 46 chromosomes, all of paternal origin.
* Partial hydatidiform mole (PHM): This type occurs when an egg is fertilized by two sperm or a single sperm that duplicates itself, resulting in an abnormal placenta with some fetal tissue. The chromosomes are of both maternal and paternal origin, and the placental tissue has a mix of normal and abnormal cells.

Hydatidiform moles can cause vaginal bleeding, rapid uterine enlargement, and high levels of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) hormone in the blood. They are usually detected during an ultrasound exam and require medical treatment to prevent complications such as gestational trophoblastic neoplasia, a malignant form of GTD that can spread to other organs.

"Drug-induced abnormalities" refer to physical or physiological changes that occur as a result of taking medication or drugs. These abnormalities can affect various organs and systems in the body and can range from minor symptoms, such as nausea or dizziness, to more serious conditions, such as liver damage or heart rhythm disturbances.

Drug-induced abnormalities can occur for several reasons, including:

1. Direct toxicity: Some drugs can directly damage cells and tissues in the body, leading to abnormalities.
2. Altered metabolism: Drugs can interfere with normal metabolic processes in the body, leading to the accumulation of harmful substances or the depletion of essential nutrients.
3. Hormonal imbalances: Some drugs can affect hormone levels in the body, leading to abnormalities.
4. Allergic reactions: Some people may have allergic reactions to certain drugs, which can cause a range of symptoms, including rashes, swelling, and difficulty breathing.
5. Interactions with other drugs: Taking multiple medications or drugs at the same time can increase the risk of drug-induced abnormalities.

It is important for healthcare providers to monitor patients closely for signs of drug-induced abnormalities and to adjust medication dosages or switch to alternative treatments as necessary. Patients should also inform their healthcare providers of any symptoms they experience while taking medication, as these may be related to drug-induced abnormalities.

'Chlamydophila psittaci' is a gram-negative, obligate intracellular bacterium that causes psittacosis, also known as parrot fever. It is commonly found in birds, particularly parrots and psittacines, but can also infect other bird species, mammals, and humans. In humans, it can cause a wide range of symptoms, including fever, headache, cough, and pneumonia. Human-to-human transmission is rare, and the disease is typically acquired through inhalation of dried secretions or feces from infected birds.

Female infertility is a condition characterized by the inability to conceive after 12 months or more of regular, unprotected sexual intercourse or the inability to carry a pregnancy to a live birth. The causes of female infertility can be multifactorial and may include issues with ovulation, damage to the fallopian tubes or uterus, endometriosis, hormonal imbalances, age-related factors, and other medical conditions.

Some common causes of female infertility include:

1. Ovulation disorders: Conditions such as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), thyroid disorders, premature ovarian failure, and hyperprolactinemia can affect ovulation and lead to infertility.
2. Damage to the fallopian tubes: Pelvic inflammatory disease, endometriosis, or previous surgeries can cause scarring and blockages in the fallopian tubes, preventing the egg and sperm from meeting.
3. Uterine abnormalities: Structural issues with the uterus, such as fibroids, polyps, or congenital defects, can interfere with implantation and pregnancy.
4. Age-related factors: As women age, their fertility declines due to a decrease in the number and quality of eggs.
5. Other medical conditions: Certain medical conditions, such as diabetes, celiac disease, and autoimmune disorders, can contribute to infertility.

In some cases, female infertility can be treated with medications, surgery, or assisted reproductive technologies (ART) like in vitro fertilization (IVF). A thorough evaluation by a healthcare professional is necessary to determine the underlying cause and develop an appropriate treatment plan.

Health services accessibility refers to the degree to which individuals and populations are able to obtain needed health services in a timely manner. It includes factors such as physical access (e.g., distance, transportation), affordability (e.g., cost of services, insurance coverage), availability (e.g., supply of providers, hours of operation), and acceptability (e.g., cultural competence, language concordance).

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), accessibility is one of the key components of health system performance, along with responsiveness and fair financing. Improving accessibility to health services is essential for achieving universal health coverage and ensuring that everyone has access to quality healthcare without facing financial hardship. Factors that affect health services accessibility can vary widely between and within countries, and addressing these disparities requires a multifaceted approach that includes policy interventions, infrastructure development, and community engagement.

Fertility is the natural ability to conceive or to cause conception of offspring. In humans, it is the capacity of a woman and a man to reproduce through sexual reproduction. For women, fertility usually takes place during their reproductive years, which is from adolescence until menopause. A woman's fertility depends on various factors including her age, overall health, and the health of her reproductive system.

For men, fertility can be affected by a variety of factors such as age, genetics, general health, sexual function, and environmental factors that may affect sperm production or quality. Factors that can negatively impact male fertility include exposure to certain chemicals, radiation, smoking, alcohol consumption, drug use, and sexually transmitted infections (STIs).

Infertility is a common medical condition affecting about 10-15% of couples trying to conceive. Infertility can be primary or secondary. Primary infertility refers to the inability to conceive after one year of unprotected sexual intercourse, while secondary infertility refers to the inability to conceive following a previous pregnancy.

Infertility can be treated with various medical and surgical interventions depending on the underlying cause. These may include medications to stimulate ovulation, intrauterine insemination (IUI), in vitro fertilization (IVF), or surgery to correct anatomical abnormalities.

Religion and medicine are two distinct fields that can intersect in various ways. While religion can be defined as a set of beliefs, practices, and rituals related to the divine or supernatural, medicine is concerned with the maintenance of health and the prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and cure of disease, illness, and other physical and mental impairments in humans.

A medical definition of "Religion and Medicine" might refer to the study of the relationship between religious beliefs, practices, and experiences, and health outcomes, healthcare delivery, and medical decision-making. This can include exploring how religious beliefs and practices influence health behaviors, coping mechanisms, social support networks, and access to care, as well as how they shape attitudes towards medical interventions, end-of-life decisions, and bioethical issues.

Religion can also play a role in the provision of healthcare services, such as through faith-based organizations that operate hospitals, clinics, and other health facilities. Additionally, religious leaders and communities may provide spiritual care and support to patients and their families, complementing the medical care provided by healthcare professionals.

Overall, the intersection of religion and medicine is a complex and multifaceted area of study that requires an interdisciplinary approach, drawing on insights from fields such as anthropology, sociology, psychology, theology, and public health.

Aftercare, in a medical context, refers to the ongoing care and support provided to a patient following a medical treatment, procedure, or hospitalization. The goal of aftercare is to promote recovery, prevent complications, manage symptoms, and ensure the overall well-being of the patient. Aftercare may include follow-up appointments with healthcare providers, medication management, physical therapy, wound care, lifestyle modifications, and psychological support. It is an essential part of the treatment process that helps patients transition back to their normal lives and maintain their health and wellness in the long term.

A questionnaire in the medical context is a standardized, systematic, and structured tool used to gather information from individuals regarding their symptoms, medical history, lifestyle, or other health-related factors. It typically consists of a series of written questions that can be either self-administered or administered by an interviewer. Questionnaires are widely used in various areas of healthcare, including clinical research, epidemiological studies, patient care, and health services evaluation to collect data that can inform diagnosis, treatment planning, and population health management. They provide a consistent and organized method for obtaining information from large groups or individual patients, helping to ensure accurate and comprehensive data collection while minimizing bias and variability in the information gathered.

MedlinePlus (October 25, 2004). "Abortion - incomplete". Medical Encyclopedia. Archived from the original on April 25, 2006. ... In incomplete miscarriage, the Royal Women's Hospital recommendations of management depend on the findings in ultrasonography: ... Retained products of conception is where products of conception remain in the uterus after childbirth, medical abortion or ... According to the 2006 WHO Frequently asked clinical questions about medical abortion, the presence of remaining products of ...
However, there is not sufficient evidence for the routine use of antibiotic to try to avoid infection in incomplete abortion. ... May W, Gülmezoglu AM, Ba-Thike K (October 2007). "Antibiotics for incomplete abortion". The Cochrane Database of Systematic ... ISBN 978-0-07-144874-1. MedlinePlus (October 25, 2004). "Abortion - incomplete". Medical Encyclopedia. Archived from the ... Before the 1980s, health professionals used the phrase spontaneous abortion for a miscarriage and induced abortion for a ...
Abortion rights. LGBTQ+ rights. Legalization of assisted suicide. Abolition of the Canadian Senate. Abolition of the monarchy. ... Members and supporters are known in French as Bloquistes (pronounced [blɔkist]). An incomplete list of Bloc Québécois political ... abortion rights, LGBTQ+ rights, legalization of assisted suicide, abolition of the Canadian Senate, abolition of the monarchy, ...
The medication was further approved for treating incomplete abortions in 2011. While misoprostol is not approved for use as an ... Tanzania has one of the most restrictive abortion laws in the world, with abortion only allowed to save the life of the mother ... People convicted of performing abortions can be imprisoned for up to 14 years, while women convicted of procuring an abortion ... In mainland Tanzania, Articles 150 to 152 of the penal code prohibit unlawful abortion, while Article 230 permits abortion to ...
An other name for this procedure are surgical abortion. Sometimes this procedure is also used in case of an incomplete ... Abortion in Belgium Abortion in the United Kingdom Abortion law Abortion debate Religion and abortion Zaken, Ministerie van ... Official Dutch government site on abortion (Dutch) Official Abortion Physicians site on abortion (Dutch) (CS1 Dutch-language ... The law left abortion a crime, unless performed at a clinic or hospital that is issued an official abortion certificate by the ...
Some controversial subjects such as abortion were not mentioned at all. The cross references were erratic and there was no ... The quality of the articles themselves was often superficial, incomplete or inaccurate. ...
... that was responsible for dealing with the complications that accompanied an incomplete abortion. Incomplete abortions were the ... Unsafe abortions sometimes occur where abortion is legal, and safe abortions sometimes occur where abortion is illegal. ... Unsafe abortions often occur where abortion is illegal. However, the prevalence of unsafe abortion may also be determined by ... An unsafe abortion is a life-threatening procedure. It includes self-induced abortions, abortions in unhygienic conditions, and ...
Other complications which stem from unsafe abortions can include incomplete abortions, infection, and injury. There is a ... Abortion and religion Abortion law Abortion in El Salvador Abortion in Malta Abortion in Nicaragua Perez-Gonzalez, Natalia ( ... and an estimated four million abortions take place. The abortion rate most likely ranges from 23 abortions per 1,000 women aged ... See Unsafe abortion.) A common abortion method in the Dominican Republic is the use of over-the-counter drugs such as oxytocin ...
For those with incomplete abortion, watchful waiting is the recommended method as more than 90% of these individuals will ... It may also show visible products of conception suggestive of an incomplete abortion. If the person is stable and a pelvic exam ... Discomfort in the middle of the abdomen is more closely associated with spontaneous abortion; discomfort on a side of the ... Risk factors for ectopic pregnancy or spontaneous abortion should also be considered. The physical examination includes ...
... following a missed or incomplete miscarriage, birth, or during an elective termination (abortion) to remove retained products ... "Prevalence of Asherman's syndrome after secondary removal of placental remnants or a repeat curettage for incomplete abortion ... "A randomized trial of misoprostol compared with manual vacuum aspiration for incomplete abortion". Obstetrics and Gynecology. ... Friedler S, Margalioth EJ, Kafka I, Yaffe H (March 1993). "Incidence of post-abortion intra-uterine adhesions evaluated by ...
... such as incomplete abortion, sepsis, hemorrhage, and damage to internal organs. Unsafe abortions are a major cause of injury ... In some countries abortion is legal and women have the right to make the choice about abortion. In some areas, abortion is ... Countries that permit abortions have different limits on how late in pregnancy abortion is allowed. Abortion rates are similar ... Countries with restrictive abortion laws have higher rates of unsafe abortion and similar overall abortion rates compared to ...
In 1973, Munson discharged a 28-year-old patient, Linda Padfield, after an incomplete abortion. She died of sepsis three days ... "Early abortion doctor, H. Benjamin Munson, dies". Sioux City Journal. Associated Press. July 30, 2003. Retrieved October 22, ... Until his retirement in 1986, he was the only physician in South Dakota to perform abortions. Munson opened his practice in ... He was arrested in 1969 after performing an abortion on a 19-year-old patient. Munson challenged his conviction, winning in ...
... offered post-abortion care at 29% of primary facilities. The curative care aspect of PAC includes treating incomplete abortions ... The drug misoprostol is an alternative to manual removal and is another option for treating incomplete abortion. For ... Post-abortion care (PAC) is treatment and counseling for post-abortion women. It includes curative care, such as treating ... Post-abortion care reduces morbidity and mortality associated with abortion. Approximately 75 million women require post- ...
Approximately 6,500 women were admitted for complications from incomplete abortions during her time there. After graduating ... This was momentous and allowed for the creation of clinics where abortions could take place to rise in communities around the ... "A History of Key Abortion Rulings of the U.S. Supreme Court". Pew Research Center's Religion & Public Life Project. 16 January ... There, Wattleton saw female patients with life-threatening side effects of unsafe abortions. During her time at the hospital in ...
In 2017 alone, the Caja reported 25 hospitalisations for spontaneous abortions and more than 2,000 for incomplete abortions. ... Abortion in Costa Rica is severely restricted by criminal law. Currently, abortions are allowed in Costa Rica only in order to ... Abortion remains prohibited by the Penal Code (Articles 118 and 119), with the exception of therapeutic abortion under Article ... International Safe Abortion Day on September 28 aims to prevent complications and deaths from unsafe clandestine abortions. In ...
... unsafe abortion) Undergoing septic abortion procedures in resource-poor areas (unsafe abortion) Incomplete septic abortion such ... Differential diagnosis of a septic abortion includes incomplete abortion with a cause of fever or spontaneous abortion with ... of these abortions were unsafe abortions, where 98% of these unsafe abortions occurred in developing countries. In particular, ... When there is an incomplete abortion caused by the pathogens that result in products of conception remaining in the body. The ...
ABORTION FUNDS FAILS". The Washington Post. Retrieved February 26, 2022. "MARYLAND HOUSE VOTE ON ABORTION". The Washington Post ... In May 2020, Pinsky sharply criticized Governor Hogan for his administration's acquisition of incomplete COVID-19 testing kits ... In 1991, he voted in favor of a bill that would keep abortion legal in Maryland. ... voted in favor of an amendment to an abortion bill that would have loosened the restrictions on Medicaid-financing of abortions ...
Physicians sometimes use a Karman cannula in early induced surgical abortion, in treatment of incomplete abortion, and in ... The "self-help" abortion movement envisioned by Downer and Rothman never entered the mainstream in the U.S. before or after Roe ... "VERY EARLY ABORTION USING SYRINGE AS VACUUM SOURCE", The Lancet, Volume 299, Issue 7759, 1972, Pages 1051-1052, doi:10.1016/ ... vacuum aspiration procedures in developing countries where abortion is illegal (e.g. Bangladesh).[citation needed] Harvey ...
... around 1,200 women were admitted to hospitals in New York City's Harlem Hospital as a result of incomplete attempted abortions ... In 2013, among white women aged 15-19, there were 2,660 abortions, 5,860 abortions for black women aged 15-19, 4,670 abortions ... The number of abortion clinics in New York (for which more than half of all patient visits are for abortion) declined from 302 ... Abortion in New York is legal at all stages of pregnancy, although abortions after the point of viability require a physician's ...
In a survey of women, many cited religion, incomplete abortion, future infertility, and death as a fear when seeking abortion ... most unsafe abortions occur where abortion is illegal. Withholding access to safe abortions results in 30,000 abortion related ... Abortion rights advocates argue that illegalization of abortion increases the incidence of unsafe abortions, as the ... When done correctly by properly trained doctors, abortion is generally safe. Where laws restrict rights to abortion, abortions ...
... they are frequently incomplete. In fact, fourteen state DOCs have no official written abortion policies, and others simply will ... Articles needing more detailed references, All articles with incomplete citations, Articles with incomplete citations from ... but no specific policy guidelines on abortion. Other states may not define the exact type of abortions they pay for. Most ... The policy of the Federal Bureau of Prisons since 1987 has been to pay for abortion only in the cases of rape or life ...
Kacsmaryk regarding suicide after abortion had been criticized by the American Psychological Association for having incomplete ... Medication abortion accounts for over half of all abortions in the United States. Under the 2000 approval, mifepristone was ... Medication abortion, in which prescription medications are used to induce abortion of the embryo, typically occurs with a ... One study highlighting mental issues stemming from abortion, as well as women receiving "insufficient information" on abortion ...
... recommends the mifepristone combination because methotrexate may be teratogenic to the embryo in cases of incomplete abortion. ... of first trimester abortions in 2008, 35% of all abortions in 2010 and 43% of all abortions in 2014. In 2009, medical abortion ... A medical abortion, also known as medication abortion, occurs when drugs (medication) are used to bring about an abortion. ... p. 38: medical abortions 83% of 1st trimester abortions Office for Health Improvement & Disparities (March 24, 2023). "Abortion ...
... over 300,000 women have sought medical treatment at state hospitals for incomplete abortions from 2009 to 2019. Nearly 100,000 ... Abortion in Thailand is legal and available on-request up to 20 weeks of pregnancy. Abortion has been legal up to at least 12 ... Illegal abortions are impossible to track. "No one in this country knows the overall number of abortions," he said. The lack of ... Acceptance of abortion by the Thai public has lagged behind the gradual easing of abortion laws. Buddhism is the faith of 98% ...
The major complication of abortion is an incomplete abortion where a woman can experience an immoderate amount of blood loss ... Due to the abortion ban, this has led to many dangerous self-induced abortions and other illegal practices of abortion that ... The Associated Press favors the terms "abortion rights" and "anti-abortion" instead. Abortion practices date back to 1550 BCE, ... abortion is not permitted at all, abortion is only allowed to save the life of a woman, abortion can be performed if a woman's ...
... of women admitted to hospital following incomplete abortions were black, and so were all those who died from illegal abortions ... Abortion by country Abortion debate Abortion law Law of persons in South Africa Religion and abortion Choice on Termination of ... Marie Stopes South Africa and Abortion Support South Africa provide telemedical abortion services across the country. Abortion ... Most abortion centres will provide pre- and post-abortion counselling, something which women can legally demand, however it is ...
Deletion of this gene is lethal in cattle, causing still births and abortions. It is lethal in 85% of individuals with the ... deletion, it is thought that incomplete silencing of maternally imprinted alleles allows some individuals with the deletion to ... "A Novel Mutation in the Maternally Imprinted PEG3 Domain Results in a Loss of MIMT1 Expression and Causes Abortions and ...
In the 1980s and 90s, and in regards to abortion specifically, the Kenyatta National Hospital's data reveals "incomplete ... both women seeking abortions and abortion providers are met with socio-cultural disgrace and discrimination, and abortion ... Unsafe abortions are a major cause of deaths and health complications for women in Kenya. Abortion in Kenya is regulated by ... Unsafe abortion is predicted to account for 35% of maternal deaths in Kenya whereas in East Africa as a whole, unsafe abortions ...
All articles with incomplete citations, Articles with incomplete citations from June 2021, Articles with ISNI identifiers, ... Abortion Politics: Private Morality and Public Policy, with Barbara L. Lindheim and Philip R. Lee. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1981 ... Over the years, other parties have presented the table, sometimes in amended or incomplete form, and circulated it by itself as ... Abortion Referral, and Sex Education Programs, March 31, 1981. U.S. Government Printing Office. "A Tale of Multiple Versions". ...
... and emphasize that with data this messy and incomplete, it is in all likelihood not even possible to prove or disprove Donohue ... "Abortion and Crime, Revisited". Freakonomics Radio. Episode 384. Retrieved April 2, 2021. Barro, Robert J. "Does Abortion Lower ... The effect of legalized abortion reported by Donohue and Levitt (2001) is largely unaffected, so that abortion accounts for a ... Donohue and Levitt assume that states which completely legalized abortion had higher abortion rates than states where abortion ...
Abortion, Incomplete Abortion, Septic Anesthesia Blood Transfusion Female Hospitals Humans Length Of Stay Pregnancy Research ... Fortney, J A "The use of hospital resources to treat incomplete abortions: examples from Latin America." vol. 96, no. 6, 1981. ... Fortney, J A "The use of hospital resources to treat incomplete abortions: examples from Latin America." 96, no. 6 (1981). ... Fortney, J A (1981). The use of hospital resources to treat incomplete abortions: examples from Latin America.. 96(6). ...
The abortion pill has become the most common abortion method largely for its convenience and because it is perceived to be more ... An incomplete abortion is the partial loss of the products of conception. It is a serious condition requiring medical attention ... What exactly is an incomplete abortion?. An incomplete abortion is the partial loss of the products of conception.1 ... One of the most serious side effects of the abortion pill is the possibility of an incomplete abortion. ...
Incomplete passage of the products of conception with vaginal bleeding, contraction of the uterus, and cervical dilatation. ...
Incomplete abortion. A kind of miscarriage or abortion in which some pregnancy tissue passes out of the uterus but some stays ...
Amanda took abortion pills, bled, cramped, and assumed it was over. A few months later, Amanda started feeling movement. ... Signs of Incomplete and Failed Abortions. It is hard to detect incomplete or failed abortions, because like Amanda*, there is ... Up to 13% of abortions can be affected. While incomplete and failed abortions can happen with any type of abortion, they are ... Whats an incomplete or failed abortion?. According to Mosbys Medical Dictionary, an Incomplete Abortion is "the termination ...
You can go for an abortion pill and buy online genuine products so that such instances do not happen and the pregnancy ends ... Abortion pill, abortion pill buy online, Abortionpillrx, Mifepristone and misoprostol, MTP kit online ... Abortion pill, abortion pill buy online, Abortionpillrx, Mifepristone and misoprostol, MTP kit online ... You can go for an abortion pill and buy online genuine products so that such instances do not happen and the pregnancy ends ...
Read about the signs of an incomplete abortion in this blog post. Bella Womens Center offers pregnancy services to the public ... knowing the signs of an incomplete abortion is imperative. Never second guess a sign of incomplete abortion, whether youre ... An incomplete abortion is one of the top risks of an abortion procedure. If you think you may be experiencing this side effect ... What is an Incomplete Abortion?. Both medical and surgical abortion procedures work to terminate and remove all parts of the ...
Maqsood, F., Arif, W., Iqbal, S., Bajwa, Z. I., & Ali, M. (1). Misoprostol Use in Incomplete Abortion. Annals of King Edward ... Fauzia Maqsood, Wasima Arif, Saima Iqbal, Zafar Iqbal Bajwa, Muhammad Ali, Misoprostol Use in Incomplete Abortion , Annals of ... Conclusion: Misoprostol is very effective in mana-gement of incomplete abortion and obviates the need for surgical treatment ... Material and Methods: All women presenting in gynaecological clinic with incomplete abortion were selected. The diagnosis was ...
... *Springfield Hospital for Abortions ... Springfield Hospital for Abortions and Adoptions, Part 1: Incomplete Abortion, Criminal. by Tim Gilmore, 8/25/2018 ... "incomplete abortion, criminal," later reported as "acute septicemia due to abortion." Thomass finding triggered the raid. ... When cops raided Springfield Hospital, they found a 24 year old woman whod just had an abortion and two older women, one of ...
MedlinePlus (October 25, 2004). "Abortion - incomplete". Medical Encyclopedia. Archived from the original on April 25, 2006. ... In incomplete miscarriage, the Royal Womens Hospital recommendations of management depend on the findings in ultrasonography: ... Retained products of conception is where products of conception remain in the uterus after childbirth, medical abortion or ... According to the 2006 WHO Frequently asked clinical questions about medical abortion, the presence of remaining products of ...
Hospital and doctor to pay woman Rs 3 lakh for incomplete abortion. By admin August 2, 2021 ... Hospital and doctor to pay woman Rs 3 lakh for incomplete abortion. ...
Read more about the signs of an incomplete abortion on this blog. Open Arms Pregnancy Clinic offers free pregnancy services in ... First, What is an Incomplete Abortion?. Whether you took the abortion pill or had a surgical abortion, one of the risks is an ... this is considered an incomplete abortion. This can be more common after taking the abortion pill, but it happens after ... What are the Symptoms of an Incomplete Abortion?. For most women, the primary symptom is moderate to severe vaginal bleeding ...
Infections following medical abortions are very rare. If you feel weakness, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, fever that lasts more ... How do you know if you have an incomplete abortion? An incomplete abortion is an abortion that has only been partially ... Does medical abortion increase the risk of breast cancer? No, having an induced abortion does not increase a womans chance of ... "Post-abortion infection is not well defined as one particular type of infection in studies of medical abortion 33 . The most ...
New 911 Recording: Incomplete Abortion, Bleeding Hospitalizes Carhart Nebraska Patient. February 10, 2016 ... Her research and documentation of abortion abuses has helped bring attention to the seedy underbelly of the abortion industry ... Woman Hospitalized after Suspected Late-Term Abortion Injuries at Troubled Florida Abortion Business. Posted by Cheryl ... This stonewalling of previously public information only serves to protect the abortion business and makes abortions more ...
... the abortion pill, Mifepristone, Mifegyne, Mifeprex, Zacafemyl)) is registered in some countries, (see map) but cannot be ... How do you know if you have an incomplete abortion? An incomplete abortion is an abortion that has only been partially ... Does medical abortion increase the risk of breast cancer? No, having an induced abortion does not increase a womans chance of ... How many weeks into your pregnancy can you do a medical abortion? You can do a medical abortion at home until the 12th week of ...
What are the economic consequences of being denied an abortion? In a recent study, an economist looked for the answer in a pile ... But the picture was incomplete. More recently, the addition of personal financial data to the study has shed more light on the ... The economic effects of being denied an abortion. Listen · 9:29 9:29 ... Updates on the Turnaway Study: abortions impact on womens economic path : The Indicator from Planet Money What are the ...
Incomplete or Inevitable Abortion. 10-20 mUnit/min; not to exceed 30 units/12 hr ... and adjunctive therapy in management of incomplete or inevitable abortion; there are no known indications for use of this drug ... in first and second trimester of pregnancy other than in relation to spontaneous or induced abortion; based on wide experience ...
... abortion facility for advertising surgical abortions without being licensed to do them. RU-486 abortion pills already being ... 13 incomplete abortions. * 1 incident of blood clots requiring surgical aspiration. * 1 serious infection ... abortion facility for advertising surgical abortions without being licensed to do them. RU-486 abortion pills already being ... But even if the ODH denies Burkons surgical abortion facility license, he could continue to dispense the RU-486 abortion pill ...
... retained products following an incomplete spontaneous abortion; decidual changes secondary to an early, but not yet visible, ... Threatened abortion: sonographic distinction of normal and abnormal gestation sacs. Radiology. 1986 Feb. 158(2):397-400. [QxMD ... When this difference is less than 5 mm, the subsequent spontaneous abortion rate exceeds 90%. [35] The etiology for first- ... With a transvaginal approach, mortality rates of 20-30% have been reported in women with threatened abortion in whom embryonic ...
As millions of women in the United States find themselves deprived of abortion services since Roe v Wade was overturned last ... We know that having an abortion is an intimate issue. Some people dont want to share their medical issues about abortion. ... I think that abortion is part of sexual rights and sexual care. And I felt the results were important enough that I would be ... Only 2 in 10 women say theyre very knowledgeable about abortion options: survey. Cindy Sherwin CTV News Montreal ...
Sources (incomplete): * Department of Health and Human Services, Office of Public Health and Science, Office on Womens Health ... Note: South Dakota does not report abortions figures for counties where the individual county total abortions is less than 10. ... South Dakota abortions and live births by county of residence, 2000-2021. compiled by Wm. Robert Johnston. last updated 29 May ... www.state.sd.us/doh/Stats/2004VitalStats/Abortion.pdf]. * South Dakota Department of Health, 2005, "Natality," South Dakota ...
Abortion)... Leaders who are in control should not be in control (U.S.) and are taking this country down a dangerous path... ... The ending of the game is bland and incomplete. If you want happy endings where they all get a hug in the end after saving the ... Abortion)... Leaders who are in control should not be in control (U.S.) and are taking this country down a dangerous path... ... is a tragedy all the way to the end but at the last moment you change the perfectly fitting tragic ending with an incomplete ...
An incomplete abortion could leave the baby with defects. Or part of the foetus could remain in the uterus, leading to ... An incomplete abortion could leave the baby with defects. Or part of the foetus could remain in the uterus, leading to ... An incomplete abortion could leave the baby with defects. Or part of the foetus could remain in the uterus, leading to ... women taking the abortion pills in private receive no professional confirmation they are no longer pregnant. ...
Jackson ruling struck down the constitutional right to abortion care, society has been seeing the results of a post-Roe world. ... In Texas, physicians are reporting an increase in sepsis, or an overwhelming response to infection, from incomplete abortions. ... "h-unsafe-abortions",Unsafe abortions,/h2, ,p,Restricting legal abortion increases the risk that women will seek out ,a href=" ... Abortion-rights activists wait for state lawmakers to arrive before a Senate vote on a ban on abortion after six weeks of ...
The update could affect anti-abortion legislation in five states. ... The abortions were either incomplete or the women were still ... Anti-abortion groups and conservative lawmakers have used the outdated FDA regimen to restrict access to what abortion ... Conservatives Just Lost a Big Weapon Against the Abortion Pill. The update could affect anti-abortion legislation in five ... Abortion Foes Finally Find a Reason to Hate Merrick Garland. Stephanie Mencimer ...
The abortion pill is safe, effective, affordable, and available by mail. ... Everything you need to know about Mifepristone and Misoprostol abortion pills. ... Incomplete abortion Another risk is you could have an incomplete abortion. This means the pregnancy is terminated but there are ... Abortion Pill Laws. Abortion laws across the globe vary from total bans on abortions to having abortion services available on ...
Third, data provided to state or area health departments by providers might be incomplete (63). Fourth, the overall number, ... At ,16 weeks gestation, medical abortions (n = 888) made up 2.2% of all abortions. Medical abortions constituted 1.5% of ... number of abortions per 1,000 live births) or abortion rates (number of abortions per 1,000 women in a given age group) are ... abortion procedure. Ten deaths were related to spontaneous abortion, and four deaths were found not to be abortion related. The ...
AP) - Virginia Democrats who campaigned on protecting abortion rights swept Tuesday ... Incomplete returns showed Owen leading in a tight race. ___. Associated Press writer Denise Lavoie in Henrico County ... On abortion, many GOP candidates in the most competitive swing districts coalesced around Youngkins proposed 15-week abortion ... "Its official: there will be absolutely no abortion ban legislation sent to Glenn Youngkins desk for the duration of his term ...
FC 23 Increase of manual vacuum aspiration in the treatment of incomplete abortions in Malawi - Maria Lisa Odland, NO ... IPPF will use these findings to inform its abortion programme and improve quality in abortion care. Abortion quality of care ... including abortion, are needed. In partnership with safe abortion hotlines, abortion clinics, reproductive justice ... Sildes: Increase of manual vacuum aspiration in the treatment of incomplete abortions in Malawi. PDF-Format (3635.9kB) ...
Abortions caused by Misoprostol Tablets may be incomplete. If a woman is or becomes pregnant while taking this drug to reduce ... See boxed WARNINGS.) Misoprostol Tablets can cause abortion (sometimes incomplete which could lead to dangerous bleeding and ... SPECIAL NOTE FOR WOMEN: Misoprostol Tablets may cause birth defects, abortion (sometimes incomplete), or premature labor if ... Misoprostol Tablets may endanger pregnancy (may cause abortion) and thereby cause harm to the fetus when administered to a ...
  • According to Guttmacher Institute, treatment of incomplete abortion using a repeated dose of misoprostol is 99% effective at emptying the uterus if the pregnancy is 12 or fewer weeks. (parkvillewomensclinic.com)
  • Two routes of administration for misoprostol in the treatment of incomplete abortion: a randomized clinical trial. (thieme-connect.com)
  • Diagnosis and treatment of incomplete abortion with misoprostol by midwives is equally safe and effective as when provided by physicians, in a low-resource setting. (fiapac.org)
  • Scaling up midwives' involvement in treatment of incomplete abortion with misoprostol would increase access to safe postabortion care. (fiapac.org)
  • To analyze the efficacy and influencing factors of Mifepristone combined with estrogen-progesterone sequential therapy (Femoston) in the treatment of incomplete abortion. (bvsalud.org)
  • A kind of miscarriage or abortion in which some pregnancy tissue passes out of the uterus but some stays inside. (psychnsex.com)
  • Amanda* came into our clinic early on in her pregnancy for an ultrasound to see how far along she was because she was interested in taking abortion pills. (clarityky.com)
  • According to Mosby's Medical Dictionary, an Incomplete Abortion is "the termination of pregnancy in which the products of conception are not entirely expelled or removed. (clarityky.com)
  • Basically, the abortion was ineffective and pregnancy continues (failed abortion) or pregnancy tissue does not completely pass (incomplete abortion). (clarityky.com)
  • Simply put, taking the abortion pill too late in pregnancy - or past the FDA-approved timeframe of up to 10 weeks gestational age - could place a woman at increased risk of incomplete abortion. (clarityky.com)
  • Pregnancy symptoms that persist- continued weight gain well after abortion, feeling movement, or beginning to show. (clarityky.com)
  • You can go for an abortion pill and buy online genuine products so that such instances do not happen and the pregnancy ends properly. (chillspot1.com)
  • Both medical and surgical abortion procedures work to terminate and remove all parts of the pregnancy. (bellawomenscenter.com)
  • We can inform you more about abortion and help you confirm your pregnancy before moving forward with any decision. (bellawomenscenter.com)
  • If all the products of the pregnancy are not removed from the uterus, this is considered an incomplete abortion. (openarmspregnancy.com)
  • We are not an abortion provider but we offer important first steps including clinical pregnancy testing, ultrasound to confirm and date the pregnancy, and education on all pregnancy options available to you including abortion. (openarmspregnancy.com)
  • Open Arms Pregnancy Clinic offers free counseling regarding your decisions but does not refer for or perform abortions. (openarmspregnancy.com)
  • How many weeks into your pregnancy can you do a medical abortion? (womenonwaves.org)
  • You can do a medical abortion at home until the 12th week of your pregnancy. (womenonwaves.org)
  • It seems to him 'there's a big lack of information about the availability of abortion in Canada,' he said, so that women can make appropriate decisions should they ever choose to consider options to terminate a pregnancy. (ctvnews.ca)
  • With medication and surgical options for the termination of pregnancy available to women in Canada, and the ongoing attention on abortion access in the U.S.,' Dr. Diane Francoeur said, 'it is surprising that awareness and understanding around reproductive health continues to remain low as the survey suggests. (ctvnews.ca)
  • Abortion-rights activists wait for state lawmakers to arrive before a Senate vote on a ban on abortion after six weeks of pregnancy at the South Carolina Statehouse on May 23, 2023 in Columbia, S.C. A bipartisan group of five women led a filibuster that failed to block the legislation. (publicintegrity.org)
  • If you do not have any severe illnesses, are within the first 10 weeks of pregnancy, and are unable to access an abortion safely in your region, we can help you. (womenonweb.org)
  • The form asks questions about your pregnancy and medical history to determine if you can safely use the online abortion pill service. (womenonweb.org)
  • Abortion pills are a type of medication used to terminate a pregnancy (also known as medical abortion, self-managed abortion, or at-home abortion). (womenonweb.org)
  • The World Health Organization recommends self-managing abortion at home with pills as a safe and empowering option up to 12 weeks of pregnancy. (womenonweb.org)
  • When used as recommended, abortion with Misoprostol is 85% effective, depending on the length of the pregnancy. (womenonweb.org)
  • Abortion surveillance in the United States continues to provide the data necessary for examining trends in numbers and characteristics of women who obtain legal induced abortions and to increase understanding of this pregnancy outcome. (cdc.gov)
  • By then, medical abortion wasn't an option since the pregnancy was too advanced. (ksby.com)
  • Delta did not meet the standards of Louisiana Revised Statute 40:1061.21 regarding abortion reporting by submitting the Induced Termination of Pregnancy (ITOP) report late (pgs. (prolifelouisiana.org)
  • In questioning each woman about her pregnancy and abortion, the prosecutor emphasized that these abortions had not been performed for any physical reason. (cdlib.org)
  • Pregnancy centers have been around about as long as abortion has been legal in the U.S., but their numbers have been growing in recent years. (nhpr.org)
  • In a 5-4 ruling, the Supreme Court struck down a California law requiring Crisis Pregnancy Centers to provide information about abortion. (outsidethebeltway.com)
  • The Supreme Court said Tuesday that pregnancy centers established to persuade women to continue their pregnancies do not have to tell their clients about the availability of state-offered services, including abortion. (outsidethebeltway.com)
  • WASHINGTON - California may not require "crisis pregnancy centers" to supply women with information about abortion, the Supreme Court ruled on Tuesday. (outsidethebeltway.com)
  • Indiana law requires physicians performing abortion procedures to submit terminated pregnancy reports to the Indiana State Department of Health (ISDH) for statistical purposes and comply with other advice and consent requirements and record-keeping requirements. (operationrescue.org)
  • 1,818 counts of submitting incomplete and incorrect terminated pregnancy reports, as required by Indiana Code 16-34-2-5(b). (operationrescue.org)
  • Two counts of failure to timely submit a terminated pregnancy report for 13-year-old patients within three days of the abortion procedure, as required by Indiana Code 16-34-2-5(b). (operationrescue.org)
  • Ectopic pregnancy or causes of severe vaginal bleeding (eg, inevitable or incomplete abortion, ruptured hemorrhagic corpus luteum cyst) can lead to hemorrhagic shock. (msdmanuals.com)
  • What the change in the law therefore means is that women requiring pregnancy termination would have to travel to other States in the US or possibly outside the country to seek safe abortion care, resulting in untold hardships. (bvsalud.org)
  • Abortion is the termination of a pregnancy before the fetus has attained viability. (who.int)
  • 28 pregnancy is currently a leading cause cy loss in the form of abortion or fetal gestational weeks) [12]. (who.int)
  • Doctors analyzed one case in which a woman died from complications associated with Clostridium sordellii infection, and determined that even though the infection was associated with medical abortion, the case "does not alter the overall proven safety of medical abortions induced with Mifepristone and Misoprostol 11 . (womenonwaves.org)
  • That woman suffered at least two major complications during the second trimester dismemberment abortion that were so severe that the abortionist halted the procedure before its completion and immediately had someone call 911. (operationrescue.org)
  • AKRON, OH, February 3, 2014 ( OperationRescue.org ) - A former Planned Parenthood abortionist who is responsible for nearly 41% of medication abortion complications in Ohio has reopened and renamed an abortion clinic closed by the state last year for serious health and safety code violations that went uncorrected. (lifesitenews.com)
  • In 2003 (the most recent years for which data are available), 10 women died as a result of complications from known legal induced abortion. (cdc.gov)
  • Common abortion complications include infections, blood clots, hemorrhaging and an incomplete abortion. (lifenews.com)
  • Nigar Sofiyeva, who holds an MD in obstetrics and gynecology and is currently doing her PhD training at the University of Bergen, says that buying unregulated abortion pills online is "very alarming" because of possible short-term and long-term complications. (healthnews.com)
  • Even regulated medical abortions may lead to complications. (healthnews.com)
  • it only makes abortion less safe and more likely to lead to preventable complications, including maternal death. (bvsalud.org)
  • Postabortion care services provide lifesaving treatment for abortion-related complications and addresses women's needs by offering family planning (FP) counseling and voluntary access to contraception. (bvsalud.org)
  • A feasible plan is made that the woman agrees to confirm complete abortion and to seek care to manage incomplete abortion complications. (who.int)
  • If you've taken the abortion pill regimen of mifepristone and misoprostol and are experiencing troublesome symptoms, go to your nearest emergency room as soon as possible. (parkvillewomensclinic.com)
  • If you had a medical abortion and the abortion is not complete, a doctor may have you take another dose of misoprostol to contract your uterus again. (bellawomenscenter.com)
  • The objective of the study was to assess the efficacy of two doses of oral misoprostol in cases of incomplete abortion. (annalskemu.org)
  • Misoprostol is very effective in mana-gement of incomplete abortion and obviates the need for surgical treatment which is not cost effective in busy obstetrical units. (annalskemu.org)
  • How to use misoprostol (cytotec) to cause an abortion? (womenonwaves.org)
  • Which type of pill containing Misoprostol is the most effective to cause an abortion? (womenonwaves.org)
  • For a donation of 70, 80 or 90 euro you will receive a medical abortion (with Mifepristone and Misoprostol which is 99% effective to induce an abortion) at your home address. (womenonwaves.org)
  • Everything you need to know about Mifepristone and Misoprostol abortion pills. (womenonweb.org)
  • The abortion pills are a combination of two medicines: Mifepristone and Misoprostol. (womenonweb.org)
  • If you're in a country where Mifepristone is not available, you can do a medical abortion using only Misoprostol. (womenonweb.org)
  • A medical abortion using Mifepristone and Misoprostol abortion pills is the most common and effective method. (womenonweb.org)
  • If Mifepristone is not available, an abortion can also be done using only Misoprostol pills (also called Cytotec tablets). (womenonweb.org)
  • In order to self-manage an abortion up to 12 weeks using only Misoprostol, you will need 12 tablets within a 6-7-hour period. (womenonweb.org)
  • Increasing women's choices in medical abortion: a study of misoprostol 400 µg swallowed immediately or held sublingually following 200 mg mifepristone. (thieme-connect.com)
  • We investigated the effectiveness and safety of midwives diagnosing and treating incomplete abortion with misoprostol, compared with physicians. (fiapac.org)
  • We randomly allocated women with first-trimester incomplete abortion to clinical assessment and treatment with misoprostol either by a physician or a midwife. (fiapac.org)
  • Medical abortion consists of two prescription-only medications: mifepristone and misoprostol taken up to 48 hours apart. (healthnews.com)
  • It is important that you monitor your symptoms and watch for signs of incomplete abortion. (parkvillewomensclinic.com)
  • Possible signs of incomplete abortion are vomiting or severe abdominal pain. (bellawomenscenter.com)
  • Call your doctor today if you are experiencing any of these signs of incomplete abortion or have any abortion side effects that concern you. (bellawomenscenter.com)
  • Eligibility criteria were women with signs of incomplete abortion. (fiapac.org)
  • 10 cases of infection were reported out of 80,000 women who had medical abortions using Mifepristone in the United States 15 . (womenonwaves.org)
  • The US Food and Drug Administration announced Wednesday morning that it had approved updated information for physicians about mifepristone, the drug known as the "abortion pill. (motherjones.com)
  • But in addition to providing clearer guidance to doctors, the change could have the effect of undermining several state laws, supported by abortion foes, that force clinicians to administer mifepristone according to the old regimen that the FDA approved in 2000. (motherjones.com)
  • The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved the use of mifepristone for early nonsurgical abortion in 2000. (healthnews.com)
  • The abortion pill has become the most common abortion method largely for its convenience and because it is perceived to be more natural than the surgical alternative. (parkvillewomensclinic.com)
  • It is important to understand potential side effects and risk factors associated with the abortion pill so you can be prepared to get the help you need when you need it. (parkvillewomensclinic.com)
  • One of the most serious side effects of the abortion pill is the possibility of an incomplete abortion. (parkvillewomensclinic.com)
  • However, online abortion pill websites rely only on the dates of the last menstrual period to dispense the abortion pills. (clarityky.com)
  • The average bleeding with the abortion pill lasts 9-16 days, but can last more than 30 days. (clarityky.com)
  • Whether you took the abortion pill or had a surgical abortion, one of the risks is an incomplete abortion. (openarmspregnancy.com)
  • This can be more common after taking the abortion pill, but it happens after surgical abortions as well. (openarmspregnancy.com)
  • We do not provide extended OB/GYN or prenatal care or STD/STI testing or treatment, nor do we perform or refer for abortion services, the abortion pill, emergency contraception, or birth control. (openarmspregnancy.com)
  • The poll also showed that four in 10 women are not sure about the difference between what is sometimes referred to as the 'morning after' pill and medication abortion, and that two in 10 falsely believed they were the same thing. (ctvnews.ca)
  • Every year thousands of women safely obtain abortion pills through Women on Web's online abortion pill service. (womenonweb.org)
  • Abortion access has improved in India, but the pandemic resulted in abortion pill shortages in several states surveyed by Foundation for Reproductive Health Services India. (ksby.com)
  • Before a draft of the US Supreme Court opinion on the abortion ban was leaked in May, an international abortion pill service Aid Access, received an average of 82.6 daily requests. (healthnews.com)
  • Retained products of conception is where products of conception remain in the uterus after childbirth, medical abortion or miscarriage (also known as spontaneous abortion). (wikipedia.org)
  • Indeed, footprints of JC polyomavirus and Merkel cell polyomavirus have been detected in chorionic villi from females affected by spontaneous abortion as well as pregnant women. (wikipedia.org)
  • Chinese researchers concluded that increased parental exposure to phenols is associated with spontaneous abortion. (medscape.com)
  • In delayed miscarriage (also called missed abortion), the Royal Women's Hospital recommendations of management depend on the findings in ultrasonography: Gestational sac greater than 30-35mm, embryo larger than ~25mm (corresponding to 9+0 weeks of gestational age): Surgery is recommended. (wikipedia.org)
  • In some states, such as Texas, Louisiana and Mississippi, abortion is banned beginning at six weeks gestational age, when very few women even know they are pregnant. (publicintegrity.org)
  • Incomplete passage of the products of conception with vaginal bleeding, contraction of the uterus, and cervical dilatation. (mdpathyqa.com)
  • Medical abortion care encompasses the management of various clinical conditions including spontaneous and induced abortion (both viable and non-viable pregnancies), incomplete abortion and intrauterine fetal demise, as well as post-abortion contraception. (bvsalud.org)
  • We aimed to explore the predictors of fetal death/abortion after maternal trauma. (who.int)
  • Florida law requires that incidents involving injury or death to women undergoing second trimester abortions be reported within 10 days. (operationrescue.org)
  • Now many women face second-trimester abortions, which are more expensive and complicated, especially "because everyone who is involved needs to wear PPE. (ksby.com)
  • Miscarriage with retained products of conception is termed delayed when no or very little products of conception have been passed, and incomplete when some products have been passed but some still remain in utero. (wikipedia.org)
  • In incomplete miscarriage, the Royal Women's Hospital recommendations of management depend on the findings in ultrasonography: Retained products of conception smaller than 15mm: Expectant management is generally preferable. (wikipedia.org)
  • A spontaneous miscarriage is a process that can be divided into 4 stages, as follows: threatened, inevitable, incomplete, and complete. (medscape.com)
  • At Parkville Women's Clinic we offer post-abortion assessment. (parkvillewomensclinic.com)
  • Because Clarity is not an abortion provider, after her ultrasound, Amanda found abortion pills through another clinic. (clarityky.com)
  • All women presenting in gynaecological clinic with incomplete abortion were selected. (annalskemu.org)
  • Just last year, Brigham opened an abortion clinic in Philadelphia under yet another name, but was forced to close it once his connections to the clinic were discovered. (lifesitenews.com)
  • That ploy also failed for abortion clinic owner Diane Derzis, whose Birmingham, Alabama, abortion clinic, New Woman All Women, was finally closed down by a judge that also was wise to this deception," said Newman. (lifesitenews.com)
  • TLDR: Incomplete and failed abortions are becoming more common due to more prominent use of abortion pills and lax regulations after Covid. (clarityky.com)
  • While incomplete and failed abortions can happen with any type of abortion, they are more frequent for those who take abortion pills. (clarityky.com)
  • Incomplete abortion may be of more significant concern to women who take abortion pills. (clarityky.com)
  • Women with a higher BMI experience decreased effectiveness with the abortion pills. (clarityky.com)
  • Weight is often not taken into consideration when being dispensed abortion pills, especially if getting from an online provider. (clarityky.com)
  • RU-486 abortion pills already being dispensed. (lifesitenews.com)
  • David M. Burkons continues to dispense RU-486 abortion pills at the former Capital Care Network - now named the Northeast Ohio Women's Center - in Cuyahoga Falls, outside Akron, Ohio. (lifesitenews.com)
  • Today, there are medication abortions, done with pills that can be taken at home, that provide women with an alternative to surgical abortion. (ctvnews.ca)
  • An online consultation for abortion pills is just like an in-person appointment with a medical practitioner. (womenonweb.org)
  • How much do abortion pills cost? (womenonweb.org)
  • We provide abortion pills for 70-90 Euros, depending on your location. (womenonweb.org)
  • When using abortion pills, choose a private place where you can rest and stay hydrated. (womenonweb.org)
  • Please read more comprehensive instructions and information on how to use the abortion pills by reading our frequently asked questions page. (womenonweb.org)
  • Is It Safe to Buy Abortion Pills Online? (healthnews.com)
  • After Roe v. Wade was overturned, some women were left with the option to buy abortion pills online, often shipped from abroad. (healthnews.com)
  • A recent study published in the JAMA Network reveals that requests for abortion pills via telemedicine in the US significantly increased. (healthnews.com)
  • After Roe v. Wade, the landmark ruling that granted the right to abortion, was officially reversed in June, the organization received a daily average of 213.7 requests for abortion pills. (healthnews.com)
  • Sofiyeva says that for people with certain health conditions, taking unregulated abortion pills is even more dangerous. (healthnews.com)
  • When people take abortion pills and bleeding stops, they may assume they had an abortion when they did not. (healthnews.com)
  • New charges included one "illegal abortion" count against Herschell Seymour Baxter and an accessory charge against Weathers for the death of Martha S. Carver following an abortion. (jaxpsychogeo.com)
  • No death was associated with known illegal abortion. (cdc.gov)
  • The abortion ratio, defined as the number of abortions per 1,000 live births, was 238 in 2004, a decrease from the 241 in 2003. (cdc.gov)
  • For example, while the agency notes rare cases of fatal infections, it is important to note that no specific connection exists between medication abortion and these infections, which can also occur with other obstetric and gynecologic processes and procedures," the statement reads. (motherjones.com)
  • The mortality rate associated with medication abortion continues to be lower than the mortality rate associated with childbirth. (motherjones.com)
  • Biden is also ordering the Department of Health and Human Services to take 'additional action to protect and expand' access to medication abortion, emergency contraception and IUDs. (berkeley.edu)
  • In 2020, medication abortion accounted for 54% of US abortions, according to the preliminary data from the Guttmacher Institute's periodic census of all known abortion providers. (healthnews.com)
  • In the US, 19 states require the clinician providing medication abortion to be physically present when the medication is administered, data collected by the Guttmacher Institute shows. (healthnews.com)
  • Woman is seeking abortion care and wants to use telemedicine service for her medication abortion procedure. (who.int)
  • How do you know if you have a post-abortion infection? (womenonwaves.org)
  • Post-abortion infection is not well defined as one particular type of infection in studies of medical abortion 33 . (womenonwaves.org)
  • Clostridium sordellii sepsis is another type of post-abortion infection that is extremely rare. (womenonwaves.org)
  • According to research reported by Charlotte Lozier Institute , surgery for incomplete abortion is required 3.4-7.9% of the time following an attempted chemical (medical) abortion. (parkvillewomensclinic.com)
  • Incomplete abortion, though rare, is a serious condition requiring immediate medical attention. (parkvillewomensclinic.com)
  • Thankfully, we now offer personalized, professional medical care through a free ultrasound exam for women considering abortion, that can offset some of these risks. (clarityky.com)
  • If you think you may be experiencing this side effect of abortion, get medical help from your doctor as soon as possible. (bellawomenscenter.com)
  • County Medical Examiner R.Y.H. Thomas's autopsy, however, found Whitford's cause of death to be "fulminating septicemia" and "incomplete abortion, criminal," later reported as "acute septicemia due to abortion. (jaxpsychogeo.com)
  • According to the 2006 WHO Frequently asked clinical questions about medical abortion, the presence of remaining products of conception in the uterus (as detected by obstetric ultrasonography) after a medical abortion is not an indication for surgical intervention (that is, vacuum aspiration or dilation and curettage). (wikipedia.org)
  • Infections following medical abortions are very rare. (womenonwaves.org)
  • Medical abortion is a safer alternative in places where surgical methods are dangerous for a woman's health, or in places where the availability of safe abortion is restricted. (womenonwaves.org)
  • The risk of infection is greater when a woman has a child than when she has a medical abortion. (womenonwaves.org)
  • It is not an infection that only affects women having medical abortions. (womenonwaves.org)
  • Most medical abortion studies have reported no infections, although a few have mentioned isolated cases 26 . (womenonwaves.org)
  • They also stated, "… the overall frequency of reported infection after medical abortion procedures (0.92%) is lower than that reported after either surgical abortion procedures or childbirth 33 . (womenonwaves.org)
  • What is a medical abortion? (womenonwaves.org)
  • Jacksonville, FL - An ambulance and fire unit responded to a call for help with a woman suffering an abortion-related medical emergency on July 10, 2020, at A Women's Choice of Jacksonville , an abortion facility located in Jacksonville, Florida. (operationrescue.org)
  • To learn more about medical emergencies at abortion facilities and documented patient deaths, visit Operation Rescue's website dedicated to these incidents at www.Abortion911.com . (operationrescue.org)
  • Women on Web is an on-line medical abortion referral service that provides help for women living where access is restricted. (womenonwaves.org)
  • When you should not do a medical abortion? (womenonwaves.org)
  • Why shouldn't you be alone when you do a medical abortion and what if you do it alone anyway? (womenonwaves.org)
  • Illegible or incomplete medical records that revealed a lack of patient monitoring. (lifesitenews.com)
  • Some people don't want to share their medical issues about abortion. (ctvnews.ca)
  • Medical abortion is a combination of two medications,' Steben explained. (ctvnews.ca)
  • Our help desk is trained and supervised by medical doctors, available 7 days a week in 16 languages, and will answer any questions you may have before, during, and after the abortion process. (womenonweb.org)
  • Medical abortion is a process that can take up to 2 weeks or even until your next menstruation to be completed, but most women return to their daily routines after 1-2 days. (womenonweb.org)
  • He criticized Texas, Ohio and several other states for including elective abortions in their temporary bans on non-essential medical procedures. (lifenews.com)
  • Recently, medical groups representing more than 30,000 doctors in America emphasized that abortions are not "essential" or "urgent," and abortion facilities that continue to operate during the pandemic are being "medically irresponsible. (lifenews.com)
  • State laws on abortion provided exceptions for abortions performed for medical reasons, but when a therapeutic abortion was "indicated" was unclear. (cdlib.org)
  • They found counselors who told them abortion causes breast cancer and infertility, or leads to drug abuse and depression, none of which is supported by rigorous medical research . (nhpr.org)
  • If a state can lawfully require a doctor to tell a woman seeking an abortion about adoption services, why should it not be able, as here, to require a medical counselor to tell a woman seeking prenatal care or other reproductive healthcare about childbirth and abortion services? (outsidethebeltway.com)
  • How does medical abortion work? (healthnews.com)
  • In a 2011 study from Finland that included 24,006 women who underwent medical abortion, 2.0% experienced an infection. (healthnews.com)
  • Conversely, expanding access to safe, legal abortion-a common medical procedure that carries very little risk when performed by a trained provider in an appropriate environment-is associated with improved maternal health outcomes. (bvsalud.org)
  • Woman reports having no contraindications to a medical abortion. (who.int)
  • Provider determines that a medical abortion using the telemedicine approach is not appropriate for that person. (who.int)
  • Medical management of abortion generally involves. (bvsalud.org)
  • The defense argued that Dr. Timanus performed legal abortions. (cdlib.org)
  • Total number of legal abortions. (who.int)
  • in the end, the definition of a therapeutic abortion narrowed to conform to hospital policy and the space in which physicians could legally perform abortions shrank. (cdlib.org)
  • An incomplete abortion is one of the top risks of an abortion procedure. (bellawomenscenter.com)
  • It's vital to confirm an incomplete abortion, as these risks can even become deadly. (bellawomenscenter.com)
  • Whether you've already had an abortion or are learning about the risks, knowing the signs of an incomplete abortion is imperative. (bellawomenscenter.com)
  • If you're considering the option of abortion and want to know more about all the risks, talk to our team at Bella Women's Center, completely free and confidential. (bellawomenscenter.com)
  • It is reasonable to think that these past two botched abortions were both second trimester procedures that carry more risks and dangers to women. (operationrescue.org)
  • Retained products are not uncommon, occurring in approximately 1% of all pregnancies, though it more common following abortions, either elective or spontaneous. (wikipedia.org)
  • The organization expects 900,000 unintended pregnancies worldwide as a result, along with 1.5 million unsafe abortions and more than 3,000 maternal deaths. (ksby.com)
  • It's important to know that only women 10 weeks pregnant or earlier are eligible for chemical abortion abortion. (clarityky.com)
  • The abortions were either incomplete or the women were still pregnant. (motherjones.com)
  • When I was 20, I found out I was pregnant, and I was abortion-minded just because I [was] very afraid to tell my family," says Whitney Wall. (nhpr.org)
  • On the first of July, one day after the abortion and one day before Dr. Bernard submitted her TPR, the Indianapolis Star ran a story about pregnant women from Ohio and Kentucky who were heading to Indiana for abortions because of the restrictive laws in their states. (workerscompinsider.com)
  • A larger proportion of pregnant teens has an abortion. (newsmax.com)
  • Indeed, one in two women who get pregnant in their lifetime has an abortion, said Ekeus. (newsmax.com)
  • Roe vs. Wade is a well-publicized decision of the US Supreme Court in January 1973 in which the court ruled 7-2 that the US constitution protects the liberty of a pregnant woman to choose to have an abortion without excessive government restriction1. (bvsalud.org)
  • The Guttmacher Institute , an abortion rights think-tank, cites seven states with line items in their budget for alternatives to abortion. (nhpr.org)
  • Infection is also a frequent complication of incomplete abortion. (clarityky.com)
  • This sort of abortion complication can be detrimental to your health if not taken care of properly and right away. (bellawomenscenter.com)
  • On Thursday, February 8, 1951, police investigating "an abortion death" raided a "dilapidated hospital where at least two women underwent illegal operations and one had a baby which she surrendered for 'expenses. (jaxpsychogeo.com)
  • When cops raided Springfield Hospital, they found a 24 year old woman who'd just had an abortion and two older women, one of whom told them her husband "could not afford the expenses of a delivery. (jaxpsychogeo.com)
  • The dangers to women and their babies at abortion facilities must be made available to the public. (operationrescue.org)
  • Concealing the truth of abortion dangers is a deceptive tactic that leaves women in the dark. (operationrescue.org)
  • After the Supreme Court overturned Roe v. Wade, many women were immediately denied access to abortions . (npr.org)
  • As millions of women in the United States find themselves deprived of abortion services since Roe v Wade was overturned last year, a new survey suggests that most of women here (62 per cent) are now concerned about their reproductive rights in Canada. (ctvnews.ca)
  • But the poll, conducted by Ipsos and commissioned by Linepharma, also revealed that while more than eight in 10 Canadian women strongly advocate for choice and access to abortion options, fewer than two in 10 say they are very knowledgeable about their abortion options. (ctvnews.ca)
  • Anti-abortion groups and conservative lawmakers have used the outdated FDA regimen to restrict access to what abortion providers hail as a safe and simple method for women throughout the country. (motherjones.com)
  • CDC began abortion surveillance in 1969 to document the number and characteristics of women obtaining legal induced abortions. (cdc.gov)
  • The abortion rate was 16 per 1,000 women aged 15--44 years for 2004, the same since 2000. (cdc.gov)
  • What Women Want in Abortion Care The Australian National University and Marie Stopes Australia will discuss the initial qualitative research findings of an Australian-driven global research project on what women want in abortion care. (fiapac.org)
  • Millions of women and girls globally have lost access to contraceptives and abortion services because of the coronavirus pandemic. (ksby.com)
  • The pandemic has highlighted how difficult it already was for many women to safely access abortion services, said Dr. Suchitra Dalvie, a gynecologist in Mumbai and coordinator of the Asia Safe Abortion Partnership. (ksby.com)
  • In January, India began amending laws to allow certain women to obtain abortions up to 24 weeks instead of 20. (ksby.com)
  • His order largely finalizes what has already been announced by the administration -- including instructions to the Justice Department to make sure women can travel out-of-state for abortion care. (berkeley.edu)
  • Some accuse them of offering incomplete information at best, or even coercing women with a campaign of misinformation. (nhpr.org)
  • By requiring petitioners to inform women how they can obtain state-subsidized abortions, at the same time petitioners try to dissuade women from choosing that option. (outsidethebeltway.com)
  • He said the court has repeatedly upheld state laws that provide a script for doctors when they are counseling women who seek abortion. (outsidethebeltway.com)
  • California, he wrote, can use other means to tell women about the availability of abortion, including advertising. (outsidethebeltway.com)
  • 452 (95·8%) of women in the midwife group had complete abortion and 467 (96·7%) in the physician group. (fiapac.org)
  • The overall proportion of women with incomplete abortion was 3·8% (36/955), similarly distributed between the two groups (4·2% [20/472] in the midwife group, 3·3% [16/483] in the physician group). (fiapac.org)
  • It would re-enact the case of another developed country like Romania that witnessed severe hardships and increased mortality of women after abortion became legally restricted in 1967 under President Nicolae Ceausescu4. (bvsalud.org)
  • In the case of a pre-teen abortion, the law calls for TPR completion within three days of the abortion. (workerscompinsider.com)
  • Pictured here, protesters for abortion make their way through the downtown core to Parliament Hill, Thursday, May 11, 2023 in Ottawa. (ctvnews.ca)
  • During 1990--1997, the number of legal induced abortions gradually declined. (cdc.gov)
  • The situation changed from 1990 when the restriction on abortion was lifted following the Romania revolution. (bvsalud.org)
  • Until 1990 includes all abortions. (who.int)
  • A deficiency report obtained by Operation Rescue showed that A Women's Choice was cited on December 16, 2019, for failing to report an injury to a patient undergoing a second trimester abortion procedure. (operationrescue.org)
  • Abortion is often performed in an operating room or other sterile setting, as a surgical procedure. (ctvnews.ca)
  • Like Burkons, when Brigham's abortion clinics were busted and shut down for being unsafe, he merely reopened them under another name and kept doing business as usual. (lifesitenews.com)
  • Unsafe abortion is a major contributor to maternal mortality. (fiapac.org)
  • Abortion is NOT Contraception. (berkeley.edu)
  • Contraception Prevents ABORTION. (berkeley.edu)
  • True abortion is not contraception, but sadly in the minds of some religious groups they see no difference between using an artificial device or drug to prevent conception is exactly the same as killing a fetus. (berkeley.edu)
  • Did anyone here or anywhere make the claim contraception is the same as abortion? (berkeley.edu)
  • Prior to 1997 total abortion data did not include abortions in the earlier gestation age performed by vacuum-aspiration method. (who.int)
  • Coverage: Abortions on request (induced) of the woman until the 12th week of gestation. (who.int)
  • In the year since the U.S. Supreme Court's Dobbs v. Jackson ruling struck down the constitutional right to abortion , society has been seeing the results of a post-Roe world. (publicintegrity.org)
  • There is no international right to abortion, nor is there any duty on the part of States to finance or facilitate abortion. (who.int)
  • Restrictions to legal, safe abortions are known to have serious repercussions for maternal and infant health. (bvsalud.org)
  • In the past year, women's rights organizations and women's health advocates have brought numerous legal challenges to restrictive abortion laws . (publicintegrity.org)
  • The implications of restrictive abortion law in 26 American States would not be difficult to contemplate. (bvsalud.org)
  • In truth, restrictive abortion laws have never been known to reduce women's desire to seek induced abortion, anywhere. (bvsalud.org)
  • There are believed to be several thousand across the country - far more than the number of clinics that provide abortion. (nhpr.org)
  • In 2000 and 2001, even with one additional reporting state, the number of abortions declined slightly, with a minimal increase in 2002 and a further decrease in both 2003 and 2004. (cdc.gov)
  • But elective abortions? (lifenews.com)
  • In his mind, however, elective abortions that kill unborn babies are not up for debate. (lifenews.com)
  • Sofiyeva says that after the regulated abortion, the ultrasound scan is done to confirm that the embryo is fully detached from the uterus walls and the endometrial cavity is empty. (healthnews.com)
  • and numerous controversies about Justice Thomas's spouse are an incomplete list. (brookings.edu)
  • When the same 47 reporting areas are compared, the number of abortions decreased during 1996--2001, then slightly increased in 2002 and again decreased in 2003 and 2004. (cdc.gov)
  • According to a pro-life activist named Trudy, who notified Operation Rescue of this emergency, A Women's Choice begins second trimester abortion procedures on Thursdays and usually completes them on Fridays. (operationrescue.org)
  • To make matters worse, Operation Rescue discovered that Burkons was advertising surgical abortions on his Northeast Ohio Women's Center website, which provided appointment information even though he has no license to do such abortions. (lifesitenews.com)
  • The move is a notable one in debates surrounding reproductive health: Research has consistently shown that the previous FDA regulations for the drug were outdated and ineffective, and anti-abortion lawmakers have long been using that to their advantage by requiring doctors to adhere to the original FDA labeling. (motherjones.com)
  • This report is based on abortion data for 2004, provided voluntarily to CDC's National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion (NCCDPHP), Division of Reproductive Health. (cdc.gov)
  • The agency is instructed to increase outreach and public education efforts regarding access to reproductive health care services -- abortion included -- to get reliable information to the public. (berkeley.edu)
  • However, we do not accept references to "sexual and reproductive health," or other language that suggests or explicitly states that access to abortion is included in the provision of population and individual level health services. (who.int)
  • Approximately 50% of OB-GYN residency programs are located in states with restricted or highly restricted access to abortion . (publicintegrity.org)
  • While abortion continued to decline in some countries with good contraceptive access, rates have remained stable or even increased in other countries with reliable abortion statistics, such as the UK, France and Sweden. (fiapac.org)
  • Two weeks after the Supreme Court overturned Roe v. Wade, President Joe Biden on Friday signed an executive order aimed at protecting access to abortion nationwide despite efforts by some states to outlaw or severely restrict it. (berkeley.edu)
  • The United States believes in legal protections for the unborn, and rejects any interpretation of international human rights (such as General Comment 36 on the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights) to require any State Party to provide access to abortion. (who.int)
  • Cramping and bleeding can happen with both complete and incomplete abortions. (clarityky.com)
  • Nearly all patients had complete abortion by one week as confirmed by Ultrasonography. (annalskemu.org)
  • This has led to a patchwork of laws that span the entire range from complete bans and tight restrictions to full state protection for abortion. (publicintegrity.org)
  • Primary outcome was complete abortion not needing surgical intervention within 14-28 days after initial treatment. (fiapac.org)
  • In other words, a complete abortion was done. (healthnews.com)
  • The results in Virginia - along with a win for abortion rights supporters on an Ohio ballot measure and Democratic Gov. Andy Beshear's reelection in Kentucky - will comfort the national party as President Joe Biden and other Democrats are expected to prioritize abortion rights in next year's campaign to energize their voters. (kfor.com)
  • So, he called a colleague in neighboring Indiana, where abortions were still legal in the first 22 weeks. (workerscompinsider.com)
  • Abortion training is considered essential health care and a core competency for physicians in obstetrics and gynecology, or OB-GYN, residency programs. (publicintegrity.org)
  • [ 86 ] Both physicians had practiced abortion in their cities undisturbed for years, Timanus for almost twenty-five years and Keemer for over ten. (cdlib.org)
  • He practiced only in consultation with other physicians and induced abortions for reasons of mental health, an acceptable indication. (cdlib.org)
  • On Tuesday, February 13, 1951, The Florida Times-Union reported that Dr. Alvah Hovey Weathers, 63, freed on a $10,000 bond, had been arrested a second time, the previous day, on "new charges of manslaughter arising from an alleged abortion. (jaxpsychogeo.com)
  • In 1951 and 1958, Dr. Timanus and Dr. Keemer used their own criminal trials as forums for challenging American law on abortion. (cdlib.org)
  • We can best see how the prosecution and the defense constructed a story about abortion in Timanus's 1951 trial, for which there is a transcript. (cdlib.org)
  • In Sweden, for example, abortions are legal without parental consent - and quite common. (newsmax.com)