Acanthaceae
Genes, Chloroplast
Two new 2'-oxygenated flavones from Andrographis elongata. (1/68)
Two new 2'-oxygenated flavones, 5,2',6'-trihydroxy-7-methoxyflavone (3) and skullcapflavone I 2'-O-beta-D-(4"-E-cinnamyl) glucopyranoside (5), together with three known flavones, 7-O-methylwogonin (1), skullcapflavone I (2) and skullcapflavone I 2'-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (4) were isolated from the whole plant of Andrographis elongata, and the structures were elucidated by FAB-MS and one- and two-dimensional (1D- and 2D)-NMR spectral studies including 1H-1H correlation spectroscopy (COSY), heteronuclear single quantum coherence (HSQC), heteronuclear multiple bond connectivity (HMBC) and rotating frame Overhauser enhancement spectroscopy (ROESY) experiments, and chemical studies. (+info)Elenoside, a new cytotoxic drug, with cardiac and extracardiac activity. (2/68)
This paper deals with the effects of elenoside, (3-hidroxymethyl-1-methoxy-5,6-methylene-dioxy-4-(3,4-methylenedioxyphenyl)-2-naf toic acid lactone-beta-D-glucoside) an arylnaphthalene lignan with broad spectrum cytotoxicity in a human tumor cell line panel, isolated from Justicia hyssopifolia (Acanthaceae) grown in the Canary Islands (Spain), on isolated cardiac auricle of rabbits, urinary excretion of rats, and on isolated rat ileum. These effects, using a vehicle (propylene glycol-ethanol-plant oil-Tween 80 (40:10:50:2) as a standard, are presented. Elenoside at concentrations of 3.2x10(-4), 6.4 x 10(-4), and 1.2 x 10(-3) M produced an increase in the contraction force of auricles in a concentration-dependent way. At doses of 25 and 50 mg/kg, an antidiuretic effect and a decrease in sodium excretion were observed. Elenoside at concentrations of 3.2 x 10(-4), 6.4 x 10(-4) and 1.2 x 10(-3) M produced an increase in the contraction force of ileum in a concentration-dependent manner. Elenoside produced the concentration dependent inhibition of 86Rb uptake. These results indicate that elenoside has digitalis-like activity similar to mammalian lignans. Moreover, this lignan has an irritant effect on the gastrointestinal tract. (+info)Biotransformation of 2-benzoxazolinone and 2-hydroxy-1,4-benzoxazin-3-one by endophytic fungi isolated from Aphelandra tetragona. (3/68)
The biotransformation of the phytoanticipins 2-benzoxazolinone (BOA) and 2-hydroxy-1,4-benzoxazin-3-one (HBOA) by four endophytic fungi isolated from Aphelandra tetragona was studied. Using high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, several new products of acylation, oxidation, reduction, hydrolysis, and nitration were identified. Fusarium sambucinum detoxified BOA and HBOA to N-(2-hydroxyphenyl)malonamic acid. Plectosporium tabacinum, Gliocladium cibotii, and Chaetosphaeria sp. transformed HBOA to 2-hydroxy-N-(2-hydroxyphenyl)acetamide, N-(2-hydroxyphenyl)acetamide, N-(2-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)acetamide, N-(2-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)acetamide, 2-amino-3H-phenoxazin-3-one, 2-acetylamino-3H-phenoxazin-3-one, and 2-(N-hydroxy)acetylamino-3H-phenoxazin-3-one. BOA was not degraded by these three fungal isolates. Using 2-hydroxy-N-(2-hydroxyphenyl)[(13)C(2)]acetamide, it was shown that the metabolic pathway for HBOA and BOA degradation leads to o-aminophenol as a key intermediate. (+info)Activity of the amidoamine myristamidopropyl dimethylamine against keratitis pathogens. (4/68)
OBJECTIVES: Microbial keratitis accounts for up to 30% of blindness in some less developed societies. The development of a single broad-spectrum topical antimicrobial effective against bacteria, fungi and Acanthamoeba would have a major impact on reducing the morbidity and simplifying the treatment of microbial keratitis. To this end, the activity of the amidoamine myristamidopropyl dimethylamine (MAPD) was investigated against common causes of microbial keratitis. METHODS: Challenge test assays were used to study the efficacy of 50 mg/L MAPD against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Candida albicans, Fusarium solani and Acanthamoeba polyphaga. RESULTS: MAPD gave a 3.7 log kill of P. aeruginosa after 60 min, 5.4 log for S. aureus by 45 min and 5 log for C. albicans and F. solani within 15 min. A. polyphaga cysts were reduced by 4 log within 120 min. CONCLUSIONS: The findings of this study confirm that MAPD is an effective Acanthamoeba cysticidal agent and extend the observation to demonstrate that it also possesses excellent antifungal and antibacterial activity. MAPD may represent a broad-spectrum therapeutic antimicrobial for keratitis and surgical prophylaxis and deserves further evaluation in these roles. (+info)New aliphatic alcohol and (Z)-4-coumaric acid glycosides from Acanthus ilicifolius. (5/68)
From the aerial parts of Acanthus ilicifolius, a new aliphatic alcohol glycoside (ilicifolioside C) and two new (Z)-4-coumaric acid glycosides, (Z)-4-coumaric acid 4-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside and (Z)-4-coumaric acid 4-O-beta-D-apiofuranosyl-(1"-->2')-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside were isolated. The structural elucidations were based on the analyses of spectroscopic data. Z-Form 4-coumaric acid glycosides were first isolated from plant. (+info)Sulfur-containing compounds from Clinacanthus siamensis. (6/68)
Two new sulfur-containing compounds, trans-3-methylsulfonyl-2-propenol (1) and trans-3-methylsulfinyl-2-propenol (2) were isolated together with trans-3-methylthioacrylamide (3), entadamide A (4) and entadamide C (5) from the leaves of Clinacanthus siamensis. The structures were established on the basis of the spectroscopic data. The compounds were tested for antimalarial and antimycobacterial activity. (+info)Cerebrosides and a monoacylmonogalactosylglycerol from Clinacanthus nutans. (7/68)
A mixture of nine cerebrosides and a monoacylmonogalactosylglycerol were separated from the leaves of Clinacanthus nutans. The structures of the cerebrosides were characterized as 1-O-beta-D-glucosides of phytosphingosines, which comprised a common long-chain base, (2S,3S,4R,8Z)-2-amino-8(Z)-octadecene-1,3,4-triol with nine 2-hydroxy fatty acids of varying chain lengths (C(16), C(18), C(20-26)) linked to the amino group. The glycosylglyceride was characterized as (2S)-1-O-linolenoyl-3-O-beta-D-galactopyranosylglycerol. The structures were established on the basis of the spectroscopic data and chemical reactions. (+info)Justicidone, a novel p-quinone-lignan derivative from Justicia hyssopifolia. (8/68)
An uncommon, previously unreported p-quinone-lignan compound called justicidone (4-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-6-methoxynaphtho[2,3-c]furan-1,5,8(3H)-trione) (2), along with the known savinin (1) were isolated from Justicia hyssopifolia (Acanthaceae). Their structures were determined by spectroscopic methods. (+info)Acanthaceae is a family of flowering plants that includes around 2,500 species distributed across 220-400 genera. These plants are primarily found in tropical and subtropical regions, with some extending into temperate zones. The family is characterized by the presence of stiff, spiny bracts, which are often colorful and modified to attract pollinators.
The plants in Acanthaceae can vary widely in form, from herbaceous annuals and perennials to shrubs and trees. They have simple or opposite leaves that may be entire or lobed. The flowers are typically bisexual, with a two-lipped calyx and corolla, and four stamens.
Some well-known members of Acanthaceae include the garden plants Shrimp Plant (Justicia brandegeeana) and Whorled Tubelet (Lepidagathis formosa), as well as the medicinal plant Indian Snakeroot (Rauvolfia serpentina).
In a medical context, some species of Acanthaceae have been used in traditional medicine for various purposes, such as treating skin conditions, fevers, and gastrointestinal disorders. However, it is important to note that the use of these plants should be done with caution and under the guidance of a qualified healthcare professional, as they can also contain toxic compounds.
Chloroplast genes refer to the genetic material present within chloroplasts, which are specialized organelles in plant and algal cells that conduct photosynthesis. Chloroplasts have their own DNA, separate from the nuclear DNA of the cell, and can replicate independently. The chloroplast genome is relatively small and contains codes for some of the essential proteins required for photosynthesis and chloroplast function.
The chloroplast genome typically includes genes for components of the photosystems, such as Psa and Psb genes that encode for subunits of Photosystem I and II respectively, as well as genes for the large and small ribosomal RNAs (rRNA) and transfer RNAs (tRNA) required for protein synthesis within the chloroplast. However, many chloroplast proteins are actually encoded by nuclear genes and are imported into the chloroplast after their synthesis in the cytoplasm.
It is believed that chloroplasts originated from ancient photosynthetic bacteria through endosymbiosis, where the bacterial cells were engulfed by a eukaryotic cell and eventually became permanent organelles within the host cell. Over time, much of the bacterial genome was either lost or transferred to the host cell's nucleus, resulting in the modern-day chloroplast genome.
A plant extract is a preparation containing chemical constituents that have been extracted from a plant using a solvent. The resulting extract may contain a single compound or a mixture of several compounds, depending on the extraction process and the specific plant material used. These extracts are often used in various industries including pharmaceuticals, nutraceuticals, cosmetics, and food and beverage, due to their potential therapeutic or beneficial properties. The composition of plant extracts can vary widely, and it is important to ensure their quality, safety, and efficacy before use in any application.
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Genus3
- Avicennia, a genus of mangrove trees, usually placed in Verbenaceae or in its own family, Avicenniaceae, is included in Acanthaceae by the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group on the basis of molecular phylogenetic studies that show it to be associated with this family. (wikipedia.org)
- This name is the accepted name of a species in the genus Andrographis (family Acanthaceae ). (theplantlist.org)
- A plant genus of the family ACANTHACEAE. (bvsalud.org)
Taxa1
- Out of those 221 genera, they placed 201 of them into seven infrafamilial taxa of Acanthaceae, leaving only 20 unplaced. (wikipedia.org)
Acanthus1
- Acanthaceae (/ækænˈθeɪsiːˌaɪ, -siˌi/) is a family (the acanthus family) of dicotyledonous flowering plants containing almost 250 genera and about 2500 species. (wikipedia.org)
Species1
- Corolla ontogeny has been investigated in 33 species of 23 genera of Acanthaceae. (ox.ac.uk)
Justicia1
- Acanthaceae Justicia brandegeeana Wassh. (bas-net.by)
Acanthoideae2
- He placed Nelsonioideae within Scrophulariaceae, classified Thunbergiaceae and Mendonciaceae as distinct families and divided his Acanthaceae into two groups (Acanthoideae and Ruelloideae) based on the presence or absence of cystoliths, articulate stems, monothecate anthers, and colpate pollen. (wikipedia.org)
- In Scotland and Vollesen's 2000 study, they accepted 221 genera and detailed five major groups within Acanthaceae s.s. (that is, those possessing retinaculate fruits), which is equivalent to Acanthoideae Link sensu Lindau 1895. (wikipedia.org)
Family3
- Since the first comprehensive classification of Acanthaceae in 1847 by Nees, there have been a few major revisions presented since for the whole family. (wikipedia.org)
- Critically, Mendoncioideae, Thunbergioideae, and Nelsonioideae do not possess retinaculate fruits-and it is this distinction, between classifying Acanthaceae into a family that includes those clades with non-retinaculate fruits and one that excludes them, that still persists to the modern day. (wikipedia.org)
- Plants belonging to Acanthaceae family are medicinally as well as pharmacologically relevant. (nanomedicine-rj.com)
Thunbergia1
- Acanthaceae Thunbergia alata Bojer ex Sims cv. (bas-net.by)
Genera1
- Bremekamp, in 1965, presented a classification of Acanthaceae that differed from that of Lindau, for his Acanthaceae excluded genera that lack retinaculate fruits. (wikipedia.org)
Flora1
- Plate 44 from The flora of South Africa (vol. 3, part 2) featuring Acanthaceae. (sun.ac.za)
Height1
- Peristrophe bicalyculata (Acanthaceae) is up to 60-180 cm in height and established almost throughout Sidhi district (M.P.). Peristrophe bicalyculata is commonly known as kakajhanga in Sanskrit and kali aghedi in Hindi. (allresearchjournal.com)
Data1
- These data undermine previous higher level classifications of Acanthaceae. (ox.ac.uk)
Study1
- A 1995 study of seed expulsion in Acanthaceae used high speed video pictures to show that retinacula propel seeds away from the parent plant when the fruits dehisce, thereby helping the plant gain maximum seed dispersal range. (wikipedia.org)
Site1
- In 1991, I went on postdoc to Mark Chase's lab in Chapel Hill, NC to learn more about the systematics of the Acanthaceae by using restriction site mapping and gene sequencing. (lu.se)
Ruellia1
- Ruellia in South Texas, other Acanthaceae southward. (butterfliesandmoths.org)
Genus3
- Avicennia, a genus of mangrove trees, usually placed in Verbenaceae or in its own family, Avicenniaceae, is included in Acanthaceae by the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group on the basis of molecular phylogenetic studies that show it to be associated with this family. (wikipedia.org)
- A plant genus of the family ACANTHACEAE. (bvsalud.org)
- HN - 2022 BX - Anammox MH - Andrographis paniculata UI - D000089002 MN - B1.875.800.575.912.250.583.40.44.500 MS - A plant species in the genus Andrographis, family Acanthaceae. (nih.gov)
Juss2
- Familia Acanthaceae Juss. (f-lohmueller.de)
- Acanthaceae Juss. (tropicos.org)
Lindau1
- Bremekamp, in 1965, presented a classification of Acanthaceae that differed from that of Lindau, for his Acanthaceae excluded genera that lack retinaculate fruits. (wikipedia.org)
Hygrophila1
- SHOOT MERISTEMLESS participates in the heterophylly of Hygrophila difformis (Acanthaceae). (cngb.org)
Plant1
- A 1995 study of seed expulsion in Acanthaceae used high speed video pictures to show that retinacula propel seeds away from the parent plant when the fruits dehisce, thereby helping the plant gain maximum seed dispersal range. (wikipedia.org)
Order2
- To address this, Kew has built up expertise in the African Acanthaceae over the past three decades together with a large collections-base in order to advance our knowledge of this important and diverse group. (kew.org)
- Contributing morphological expertise to phylogenetic studies within the Old World Acanthaceae in order to better understand evolutionary relationships between and within important groups, including the tribes Barlerieae, Justicieae and Ruellieae. (kew.org)
Leaves1
- Traditionally the most important part use in Acanthaceae is the leaves and they are used externally for wounds. (wikipedia.org)
Member1
- Ethnomedicinal value and pharmacognosy of the member of Acanthaceae: Adhatoda vasica (Linn. (apjhs.com)