Adnexal Diseases
Adnexa Uteri
Sweat Gland Neoplasms
CA-125 Antigen
Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color
Ovarian Neoplasms
Dermoid Cyst
Adenoma, Sweat Gland
Cystadenoma
Sebaceous Gland Neoplasms
Syringoma
Lymphoma, B-Cell, Marginal Zone
Psittacosis
Ultrasonography, Doppler
Keratin-15
Chlamydophila psittaci
Cystadenoma, Mucinous
Adenocarcinoma, Sebaceous
Fallopian Tube Diseases
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease
Pregnancy, Ectopic
Diagnostic Techniques, Obstetrical and Gynecological
Broad Ligament
Sensitivity and Specificity
Laparoscopy
Subjective assessment of adnexal masses with the use of ultrasonography: an analysis of interobserver variability and experience. (1/150)
OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to evaluate the subjective assessment of ultrasonographic images for discriminating between malignant and benign adnexal masses. STUDY DESIGN: The study was prospective. Initially, one ultrasonographer preoperatively assessed 300 consecutive patients with adnexal masses. Subsequently, the recorded transparent photographic prints were independently assessed by five investigators, with different qualifications and level of experience, who were also given a brief clinical history of the patients (i.e. the age, menstrual status, family history of ovarian cancer, previous pelvic surgery and the presenting symptoms). The diagnostic performance of the observers was compared with the histopathology classification of malignant or benign tumors. The end-points were accuracy, interobserver agreement and the possible effect of experience. RESULTS: The first ultrasonographer and the most experienced investigator both obtained an accuracy of 92%. There was very good agreement between these two investigators in the classification of the adnexal masses (Cohen's kappa 0.85). The less experienced observers obtained a significantly lower accuracy, which varied between 82% and 87%. Their interobserver agreement was moderate to good (Cohen's kappa 0.52 to 0.76). CONCLUSION: Experienced ultrasonographers using some clinical information and their subjective assessment of ultrasonographic images can differentiate malignant from benign masses in most cases. The accuracy and the level of interobserver agreement are both correlated with experience. About 10% of masses were extremely difficult to classify (only < 50% of assessors were correct). (+info)Artificial neural network models for the preoperative discrimination between malignant and benign adnexal masses. (2/150)
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to generate and evaluate artificial neural network (ANN) models from simple clinical and ultrasound-derived criteria to predict whether or not an adnexal mass will have histological evidence of malignancy. DESIGN: The data were collected prospectively from 173 consecutive patients who were scheduled to undergo surgical investigations at the University Hospitals, Leuven, between August 1994 and August 1996. The outcome measure was the histological classification of excised tissues as malignant (including borderline) or benign. METHODS: Age, menopausal status and serum CA 125 levels and sonographic features of the adnexal mass were encoded as variables. The ANNs were trained on a randomly selected set of 116 patient records and tested on the remainder (n = 57). The performance of each model was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and compared with corresponding data from an established risk of malignancy index (RMI) and a logistic regression model. RESULTS: There were 124 benign masses, five of borderline malignancy and 44 invasive cancers (of which 29% were metastatic); 37% of patients with a malignant or borderline tumor had stage I disease. The best ANN gave an area under the ROC curve of 0.979 for the whole dataset, a sensitivity of 95.9% and specificity of 93.5%. The corresponding values for the RMI were 0.882, 67.3% and 91.1%, and for the logistic regression model 0.956, 95.9% and 85.5%, respectively. CONCLUSION: An ANN can be trained to provide clinically accurate information, on whether or not an adnexal mass is malignant, from the patient's menopausal status, serum CA 125 levels, and some simple ultrasonographic criteria. (+info)Successful laparoscopic management of adnexal torsion during week 25 of a twin pregnancy. (3/150)
Adnexal torsion is a rare occurrence during pregnancy. Here we present a case of adnexal torsion during the 25th week of pregnancy, which was managed laparoscopically. The woman had achieved a successful twin pregnancy after in-vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection. She was admitted to the emergency department with acute abdominal pain. Abdominal ultrasound with colour Doppler mapping of the intra-ovarian blood flow showed adnexal torsion. Laparoscopic management was successfully carried out. (+info)Prospective cross-validation of Doppler ultrasound examination and gray-scale ultrasound imaging for discrimination of benign and malignant pelvic masses. (4/150)
OBJECTIVE: To cross-validate, prospectively, the diagnostic performance of established ultrasound methods for discrimination of benign and malignant pelvic masses. METHODS: A total of 173 consecutive women with a pelvic mass judged clinically to be of adnexal origin underwent preoperative ultrasound examination including color and spectral Doppler techniques. A total of 149 tumors were benign, and 24 were malignant. The sensitivity and false-positive rate with regard to malignancy were calculated for the following methods, using cut-off values recommended in previous publications: Lerner score; ultrasound morphology, i.e. tumors without solid components being classified as benign and tumors with solid components as malignant; tumor color score; pulsatility index; resistance index; time-averaged maximum velocity; peak systolic velocity; the combined use of ultrasound morphology and tumor color score and the combined use of ultrasound morphology and peak systolic velocity. Sensitivity and false-positive rate were also calculated for subjective evaluation of the gray-scale ultrasound image and for subjective evaluation of the gray-scale ultrasound image supplemented with subjective evaluation of color Doppler ultrasound examination. The confidence with which the diagnosis was made, based on subjective evaluation, was rated on a visual analog scale. RESULTS: Subjective evaluation of the gray-scale ultrasound image was by far the best method for distinguishing benign from malignant tumors (sensitivity 88%, false-positive rate 4%), followed in descending order by subjective evaluation of the gray-scale ultrasound image supplemented with color Doppler examination, the Lerner score and the time-averaged maximum velocity. Adding Doppler examination to subjective evaluation of the gray-scale image did not increase the number of correct diagnoses, but it increased the confidence with which a correct diagnosis was made in 14% of tumors. In 11 tumors (6% of the series as a whole), the addition of Doppler examination changed the diagnosis based on subjective evaluation of the gray-scale ultrasound image from an incorrect (n = 1) or uncertain (n = 10) diagnosis to a correct and confident diagnosis. CONCLUSION: In experienced hands, subjective evaluation of the gray-scale ultrasound image is the best ultrasound method for discriminating between benign and malignant adnexal masses. The main advantage of adding Doppler examination to subjective evaluation of the gray-scale image is an increase in the confidence with which a correct diagnosis is made. (+info)Prospective evaluation of a logistic model based on sonographic morphologic and color Doppler findings developed to predict adnexal malignancy. (5/150)
To assess prospectively a logistic model based on sonographic morphologic and color Doppler findings, which had been developed to predict adnexal malignancy, 167 consecutive and unselected patients (mean age, 45.7 yr; range, 17 to 81 yr; 113 [67.7%] premenopausal and 54 [32.3%] postmenopausal) diagnosed as having an adnexal mass and scheduled for surgery were prospectively included in this study. All patients were evaluated by transvaginal color Doppler ultrasonography. The probability of adnexal malignancy was estimated prior to surgery, applying a logistic model developed previously. A probability of malignancy greater than 75% was considered to assess model performance. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy were calculated for the model. In all cases definitive histopathologic diagnosis was obtained. One hundred and twenty-five (74.9%) benign and 42 (25.1%) malignant tumors were found. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of the model were 85.7% (95% confidence intervals, 71.4% to 94.6%), 100% (95% confidence intervals, 97.1% to 100%), 100% (95% confidence intervals, 90.3% to 100%), and 95.4% (95% confidence intervals, 90.3% to 98.3%), respectively. Overall accuracy was 96.4% (95% confidence intervals, 91.3% to 98.7%). Our results confirm the validity of the proposed logistic model in predicting adnexal malignancy. (+info)Comparison of Lerner score, Doppler ultrasound examination, and their combination for discrimination between benign and malignant adnexal masses. (6/150)
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether the combined use of Lerner's morphologic score and color Doppler ultrasound examination results in better discrimination of benign and malignant adnexal masses than the use of Lerner's score alone or Doppler variables alone. DESIGN: One hundred and seventy-three consecutive women with a pelvic mass judged clinically to be of adnexal origin underwent preoperative ultrasound examination including color and spectral Doppler techniques. One hundred and forty-nine tumors were benign and 24 malignant. The sensitivity and false-positive rate with regard to malignancy were calculated for Lerner's score, six Doppler variables and combinations of Lerner's score and Doppler variables. Previously defined gray scale and Doppler criteria of malignancy were used and tested prospectively. The best method was defined as that detecting most malignancies with the lowest false-positive rate. RESULTS: Lerner's score had a sensitivity of 92% and a false-positive rate of 36%. The best Doppler variable--time-averaged maximum velocity--had similar diagnostic properties with a sensitivity of 100% and a false-positive rate of 41%. Combining Lerner's score with Doppler measurement of time-averaged maximum velocity--i.e. requiring both Lerner's score and time-averaged maximum velocity to indicate malignancy for a malignant diagnosis to be made--had a sensitivity of 92% and a false-positive rate of 19%. CONCLUSIONS: The combined use of Lerner's score and measurement of time-averaged maximum velocity is a better method for discrimination of benign and malignant adnexal masses than the use of Lerner's score alone or Doppler ultrasound examination alone. The clinical value of the combined method needs to be cross-validated prospectively in a new series of tumors. (+info)Transvaginal ultrasonography associated with colour Doppler energy in the diagnosis of hydrosalpinx. (7/150)
The aims of this prospective study were to investigate the accuracy of B-mode transvaginal ultrasonography alone, using the typical finding of the presence of an elongated shaped mass with incomplete septa, in the screening of hydrosalpinx in women undergoing surgery for gynaecological diseases, and to determine the predictive value of this method combined with colour Doppler energy (CDE) imaging evaluation and CA125 concentrations in differentiating hydrosalpinx from other adnexal masses. In the first part of the study, 378 consecutive pre-menopausal non-pregnant women were submitted to transvaginal ultrasonography alone before surgery. In the second part of the study, 256 adnexal masses underwent transvaginal ultrasonography combined with CDE imaging evaluation associated with spectral Doppler analysis and plasma concentrations of CA125. Sensitivity and specificity for the ultrasonographic screening were 84.6 and 99.7% respectively, calculated for each adnexum (n = 756) and 93.3 and 99.6% respectively, calculated for each mass, for differentiating hydrosalpinx from other adnexal masses. The CDE imaging and the evaluation of CA125 plasma concentrations do not seem to increase the accuracy of B-mode transvaginal ultrasonography. Inter- and intra-observer agreement, expressed in terms of k-values, was high (0.87 and 0.93 respectively). In conclusion, transvaginal ultrasonography alone is a useful method of detection of hydrosalpinx. (+info)Contrast-enhanced sonography in the examination of benign and malignant adnexal masses. (8/150)
Our objective was to characterize the properties of an intravascular ultrasonographic contrast agent in examination of adnexal masses and to compare contrast agent properties between benign and malignant adnexal tumors. Fifty-eight consecutively examined women with suspected ovarian tumors were examined preoperatively by power Doppler ultrasonography, first without and then with contrast agent enhancement (Levovist). Fourteen women had ovarian cancer, 3 had borderline ovarian tumors, 18 had benign ovarian neoplasms, and 23 had functional adnexal cystic masses or endometriomas. The effect of the contrast agent was evaluated visually and by using computerized power Doppler signal intensity measurements. In visual evaluation, the brightness of the power Doppler signal and the amount of recognizable vascular areas increased in each tumor after contrast agent administration. The number of vessels in power Doppler ultrasonograms, both before and after contrast agent enhancement, was significantly higher in malignant than in benign adnexal masses, as also was the increase in the number of recognizable vessels after contrast agent administration. Contrast agent uptake time was significantly shorter in malignant than in benign tumors. No significant differences were found in the power Doppler signal intensities or their changes between benign and malignant tumors. In conclusion, use of sonographic contrast agent facilitates imaging of tumor vessels. For differentiation of benign and malignant tumors, the kinetic properties of the contrast agent, such as uptake and washout times, may have more potential than the use of the contrast agent in anatomic imaging of the tumor vessels. (+info)Adnexal diseases refer to medical conditions that affect the adnexa of the uterus, which includes the fallopian tubes and ovaries. These diseases can range from benign conditions such as ovarian cysts or ectopic pregnancies, to more serious conditions like ovarian or fallopian tube cancer.
Some common adnexal diseases include:
1. Ovarian cysts: Fluid-filled sacs that develop on the ovary. They are usually benign but can cause symptoms such as pelvic pain, bloating, and irregular menstruation.
2. Ectopic pregnancy: A pregnancy that develops outside of the uterus, usually in the fallopian tube. This condition is a medical emergency and requires prompt treatment.
3. Endometriosis: A condition where tissue similar to the lining of the uterus grows outside of it, often on the ovaries or fallopian tubes. This can cause pain, irregular bleeding, and infertility.
4. Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID): An infection of the reproductive organs, usually caused by sexually transmitted bacteria. PID can affect the ovaries and fallopian tubes and can lead to chronic pain and infertility if left untreated.
5. Ovarian cancer: A malignant tumor that develops in the ovary. This is a serious condition that requires prompt treatment, usually involving surgery and chemotherapy.
6. Fallopian tube cancer: A rare form of cancer that affects the fallopian tubes. Like ovarian cancer, it requires prompt treatment with surgery and chemotherapy.
"Adnexa uteri" is a medical term that refers to the structures closely related to or associated with the uterus. These structures include:
1. The fallopian tubes (also known as oviducts or salpinges): paired tubular structures that transport the egg from the ovary to the uterus during ovulation and provide a site for fertilization.
2. The ovaries (also known as gonads): paired reproductive organs that produce eggs (oocytes) and sex hormones, such as estrogen and progesterone.
3. The broad ligaments: large, double-layered folds of peritoneum (the serous membrane lining the abdominal cavity) that extend from the sides of the uterus and enclose and support the fallopian tubes, ovaries, and surrounding blood vessels.
4. The suspensory ligaments of the ovaries: these are extensions of the broad ligament that suspend the ovaries from the pelvic wall.
5. The round ligaments: these are fibromuscular bands that extend from the uterus to the labia majora and help maintain the position of the uterus within the pelvis.
Anomalies, inflammation (e.g., salpingitis, oophoritis), or other pathologies affecting the adnexa uteri may lead to various gynecological conditions and symptoms, such as pain, infertility, or ectopic pregnancy.
An ovarian cyst is a sac or pouch filled with fluid that forms on the ovary. Ovarian cysts are quite common in women during their childbearing years, and they often cause no symptoms. In most cases, ovarian cysts disappear without treatment over a few months. However, larger or persistent cysts may require medical intervention, including surgical removal.
There are various types of ovarian cysts, such as functional cysts (follicular and corpus luteum cysts), which develop during the menstrual cycle due to hormonal changes, and non-functional cysts (dermoid cysts, endometriomas, and cystadenomas), which can form due to different causes.
While many ovarian cysts are benign, some may have malignant potential or indicate an underlying medical condition like polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Regular gynecological check-ups, including pelvic examinations and ultrasounds, can help detect and monitor ovarian cysts.
A "torsion abnormality" is not a standard medical term, but I believe you are asking about torsional deformities or abnormalities related to torsion. Torsion refers to a twisting force or movement that can cause structures to rotate around their long axis. In the context of medical definitions:
Torsional abnormality could refer to a congenital or acquired condition where anatomical structures, such as blood vessels, muscles, tendons, or bones, are twisted or rotated in an abnormal way. This can lead to various complications depending on the structure involved and the degree of torsion.
For instance, in congenital torsional deformities of long bones (like tibia or femur), the rotation of the bone axis can cause issues with gait, posture, and joint function. In some cases, this may require surgical intervention to correct the abnormality.
In the context of vascular torsion abnormalities, such as mesenteric torsion, it could lead to bowel ischemia due to the twisting of blood vessels that supply the intestines. This can be a surgical emergency and requires immediate intervention to restore blood flow and prevent further damage.
It's essential to consult with a medical professional for a precise diagnosis and treatment options if you or someone else experiences symptoms related to torsional abnormalities.
Eye neoplasms, also known as ocular tumors or eye cancer, refer to abnormal growths of tissue in the eye. These growths can be benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous). Eye neoplasms can develop in various parts of the eye, including the eyelid, conjunctiva, cornea, iris, ciliary body, choroid, retina, and optic nerve.
Benign eye neoplasms are typically slow-growing and do not spread to other parts of the body. They may cause symptoms such as vision changes, eye pain, or a noticeable mass in the eye. Treatment options for benign eye neoplasms include monitoring, surgical removal, or radiation therapy.
Malignant eye neoplasms, on the other hand, can grow and spread rapidly to other parts of the body. They may cause symptoms such as vision changes, eye pain, floaters, or flashes of light. Treatment options for malignant eye neoplasms depend on the type and stage of cancer but may include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or a combination of these treatments.
It is important to note that early detection and treatment of eye neoplasms can improve outcomes and prevent complications. Regular eye exams with an ophthalmologist are recommended for early detection and prevention of eye diseases, including eye neoplasms.
Sweat gland neoplasms are abnormal growths that develop in the sweat glands. These growths can be benign (noncancerous) or malignant (cancerous). Benign sweat gland neoplasms include hidradenomas and syringomas, which are usually slow-growing and cause little to no symptoms. Malignant sweat gland neoplasms, also known as sweat gland carcinomas, are rare but aggressive cancers that can spread to other parts of the body. They may cause symptoms such as a lump or mass under the skin, pain, swelling, and redness. Treatment typically involves surgical removal of the growth.
Genital neoplasms in females refer to abnormal growths or tumors that occur in the female reproductive organs. These can be benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous). The most common types of female genital neoplasms are:
1. Cervical cancer: This is a malignancy that arises from the cells lining the cervix, usually caused by human papillomavirus (HPV) infection.
2. Uterine cancer: Also known as endometrial cancer, this type of female genital neoplasm originates in the lining of the uterus (endometrium).
3. Ovarian cancer: This is a malignancy that develops from the cells in the ovaries, which can be difficult to detect at an early stage due to its location and lack of symptoms.
4. Vulvar cancer: A rare type of female genital neoplasm that affects the external female genital area (vulva).
5. Vaginal cancer: This is a malignancy that occurs in the vagina, often caused by HPV infection.
6. Gestational trophoblastic neoplasia: A rare group of tumors that develop from placental tissue and can occur during or after pregnancy.
Regular screening and early detection are crucial for successful treatment and management of female genital neoplasms.
CA-125 antigen is a type of protein that is found on the surface of many ovarian cancer cells and is often used as a tumor marker to monitor the effectiveness of treatment and to detect recurrence of ovarian cancer. Elevated levels of CA-125 may also be present in other types of cancer, as well as nonmalignant conditions such as endometriosis, pelvic inflammatory disease, and cirrhosis. It is important to note that while CA-125 can be a useful tool in managing ovarian cancer, it is not specific to this type of cancer and should be used in conjunction with other diagnostic tests and clinical evaluations.
Ultrasonography, Doppler, color is a type of diagnostic ultrasound technique that uses the Doppler effect to produce visual images of blood flow in vessels and the heart. The Doppler effect is the change in frequency or wavelength of a wave in relation to an observer who is moving relative to the source of the wave. In this context, it refers to the change in frequency of the ultrasound waves as they reflect off moving red blood cells.
In color Doppler ultrasonography, different colors are used to represent the direction and speed of blood flow. Red typically represents blood flowing toward the transducer (the device that sends and receives sound waves), while blue represents blood flowing away from the transducer. The intensity or brightness of the color is proportional to the velocity of blood flow.
Color Doppler ultrasonography is often used in conjunction with grayscale ultrasound imaging, which provides information about the structure and composition of tissues. Together, these techniques can help diagnose a wide range of conditions, including heart disease, blood clots, and abnormalities in blood flow.
Ovarian neoplasms refer to abnormal growths or tumors in the ovary, which can be benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous). These growths can originate from various cell types within the ovary, including epithelial cells, germ cells, and stromal cells. Ovarian neoplasms are often classified based on their cell type of origin, histological features, and potential for invasive or metastatic behavior.
Epithelial ovarian neoplasms are the most common type and can be further categorized into several subtypes, such as serous, mucinous, endometrioid, clear cell, and Brenner tumors. Some of these epithelial tumors have a higher risk of becoming malignant and spreading to other parts of the body.
Germ cell ovarian neoplasms arise from the cells that give rise to eggs (oocytes) and can include teratomas, dysgerminomas, yolk sac tumors, and embryonal carcinomas. Stromal ovarian neoplasms develop from the connective tissue cells supporting the ovary and can include granulosa cell tumors, thecomas, and fibromas.
It is essential to diagnose and treat ovarian neoplasms promptly, as some malignant forms can be aggressive and potentially life-threatening if not managed appropriately. Regular gynecological exams, imaging studies, and tumor marker tests are often used for early detection and monitoring of ovarian neoplasms. Treatment options may include surgery, chemotherapy, or radiation therapy, depending on the type, stage, and patient's overall health condition.
Ovarian diseases refer to a range of conditions that affect the function and health of the ovaries, which are the female reproductive organs responsible for producing eggs (oocytes) and female hormones estrogen and progesterone. These diseases can be categorized into functional disorders, infectious and inflammatory diseases, neoplastic diseases, and other conditions that impact ovarian function. Here's a brief overview of some common ovarian diseases:
1. Functional Disorders: These are conditions where the ovaries experience hormonal imbalances or abnormal functioning, leading to issues such as:
* Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS): A condition characterized by hormonal imbalances that can cause irregular periods, cysts in the ovaries, and symptoms like acne, weight gain, and infertility.
* Functional Cysts: Fluid-filled sacs that develop within the ovary, usually as a result of normal ovulation (follicular or corpus luteum cysts). They're typically harmless and resolve on their own within a few weeks or months.
2. Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases: These conditions are caused by infections or inflammation affecting the ovaries, such as:
* Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID): An infection that spreads to the reproductive organs, including the ovaries, fallopian tubes, and uterus. It's often caused by sexually transmitted bacteria like Chlamydia trachomatis or Neisseria gonorrhoeae.
* Tuberculosis (TB): A bacterial infection that can spread to the ovaries and cause inflammation, abscesses, or scarring.
3. Neoplastic Diseases: These are conditions where abnormal growths or tumors develop in the ovaries, which can be benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous). Examples include:
* Ovarian Cysts: While some cysts are functional and harmless, others can be neoplastic. Benign tumors like fibromas, dermoids, or cystadenomas can grow significantly larger and cause symptoms like pain or bloating. Malignant tumors include epithelial ovarian cancer, germ cell tumors, and sex cord-stromal tumors.
4. Other Conditions: Various other conditions can affect the ovaries, such as:
* Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS): A hormonal disorder that causes enlarged ovaries with small cysts. It's associated with irregular periods, infertility, and increased risk of diabetes, high blood pressure, and heart disease.
* Premature Ovarian Failure (POF): Also known as primary ovarian insufficiency, it occurs when the ovaries stop functioning before age 40, leading to menstrual irregularities, infertility, and early onset of menopause.
It's essential to consult a healthcare professional if you experience any symptoms related to your reproductive system or suspect an issue with your ovaries. Early detection and treatment can significantly improve the prognosis for many conditions affecting the ovaries.
Orbital neoplasms refer to abnormal growths or tumors that develop in the orbit, which is the bony cavity that contains the eyeball, muscles, nerves, fat, and blood vessels. These neoplasms can be benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous), and they can arise from various types of cells within the orbit.
Orbital neoplasms can cause a variety of symptoms depending on their size, location, and rate of growth. Common symptoms include protrusion or displacement of the eyeball, double vision, limited eye movement, pain, swelling, and numbness in the face. In some cases, orbital neoplasms may not cause any noticeable symptoms, especially if they are small and slow-growing.
There are many different types of orbital neoplasms, including:
1. Optic nerve glioma: a rare tumor that arises from the optic nerve's supportive tissue.
2. Orbital meningioma: a tumor that originates from the membranes covering the brain and extends into the orbit.
3. Lacrimal gland tumors: benign or malignant growths that develop in the lacrimal gland, which produces tears.
4. Orbital lymphangioma: a non-cancerous tumor that arises from the lymphatic vessels in the orbit.
5. Rhabdomyosarcoma: a malignant tumor that develops from the skeletal muscle cells in the orbit.
6. Metastatic tumors: cancerous growths that spread to the orbit from other parts of the body, such as the breast, lung, or prostate.
The diagnosis and treatment of orbital neoplasms depend on several factors, including the type, size, location, and extent of the tumor. Imaging tests, such as CT scans and MRI, are often used to visualize the tumor and determine its extent. A biopsy may also be performed to confirm the diagnosis and determine the tumor's type and grade. Treatment options include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or a combination of these approaches.
A dermoid cyst is a type of benign (non-cancerous) growth that typically develops during embryonic development. It is a congenital condition, which means it is present at birth, although it may not become apparent until later in life. Dermoid cysts are most commonly found in the skin or the ovaries of women, but they can also occur in other areas of the body, such as the spine or the brain.
Dermoid cysts form when cells that are destined to develop into skin and its associated structures, such as hair follicles and sweat glands, become trapped during fetal development. These cells continue to grow and multiply, forming a sac-like structure that contains various types of tissue, including skin, fat, hair, and sometimes even teeth or bone.
Dermoid cysts are usually slow-growing and may not cause any symptoms unless they become infected or rupture. In some cases, they may cause pain or discomfort if they press on nearby structures. Treatment typically involves surgical removal of the cyst to prevent complications and alleviate symptoms.
Conjunctival neoplasms refer to abnormal growths or tumors that develop on the conjunctiva, which is the thin, clear mucous membrane that covers the inner surface of the eyelids and the outer surface of the eye. These neoplasms can be benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous).
Benign conjunctival neoplasms are typically slow-growing and do not spread to other parts of the body. They may include lesions such as conjunctival cysts, papillomas, or naevi (moles). These growths can usually be removed through simple surgical procedures with a good prognosis.
Malignant conjunctival neoplasms, on the other hand, are cancerous and have the potential to invade surrounding tissues and spread to other parts of the body. The most common type of malignant conjunctival neoplasm is squamous cell carcinoma, which arises from the epithelial cells that line the surface of the conjunctiva. Other less common types include melanoma, lymphoma, and adenocarcinoma.
Malignant conjunctival neoplasms typically require more extensive treatment, such as surgical excision, radiation therapy, or chemotherapy. The prognosis for malignant conjunctival neoplasms depends on the type and stage of the cancer at the time of diagnosis, as well as the patient's overall health and age. Early detection and prompt treatment are key to improving outcomes in patients with these conditions.
A sweat gland adenoma is a benign (non-cancerous) tumor that develops in the sweat glands. These glands are responsible for producing sweat to help regulate body temperature. When an adenoma forms in the sweat glands, it can cause a variety of symptoms depending on its size and location.
Sweat gland adenomas are relatively rare and can occur anywhere on the body where there are sweat glands. They typically appear as painless, slow-growing lumps or bumps under the skin. In some cases, they may cause excessive sweating, discomfort, or other symptoms if they press on nearby nerves or structures.
The exact cause of sweat gland adenomas is not fully understood, but they are thought to arise from abnormal growth and division of the cells that make up the sweat glands. Treatment options for these tumors may include surgical removal, depending on their size, location, and symptoms. If left untreated, some sweat gland adenomas may continue to grow and cause complications over time.
Lacrimal apparatus diseases refer to conditions that affect the structure and function of the lacrimal system, which is responsible for producing, storing, and draining tears. The lacrimal apparatus includes the lacrimal glands, lacrimal canaliculi, lacrimal sac, and nasolacrimal duct.
Diseases of the lacrimal apparatus can cause a range of symptoms, including watery eyes, redness, pain, swelling, and discharge. Some common conditions that affect the lacrimal apparatus include:
1. Dry eye syndrome: A condition in which the lacrimal glands do not produce enough tears or the tears are of poor quality, leading to dryness, irritation, and inflammation of the eyes.
2. Dacryocystitis: An infection of the lacrimal sac that can cause pain, swelling, redness, and discharge from the eye.
3. Nasolacrimal duct obstruction: A blockage in the nasolacrimal duct that can cause watery eyes, discharge, and recurrent infections.
4. Epiphora: Excessive tearing or watering of the eyes due to overflow of tears from the eye because of blocked tear ducts or increased production of tears.
5. Canaliculitis: An infection of the lacrimal canaliculi that can cause swelling, redness, and discharge from the eye.
6. Lacrimal gland tumors: Rare tumors that can affect the lacrimal glands and cause symptoms such as pain, swelling, and protrusion of the eyeball.
Treatment for lacrimal apparatus diseases depends on the specific condition and its severity. Treatment options may include medications, surgery, or a combination of both.
Eyelid neoplasms refer to abnormal growths or tumors that develop in the tissues of the eyelids. These growths can be benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous). Common types of benign eyelid neoplasms include papillomas, hemangiomas, and nevi. Malignant eyelid neoplasms are typically classified as basal cell carcinomas, squamous cell carcinomas, or melanomas. These malignant tumors can be aggressive and may spread to other parts of the body if left untreated. Treatment options for eyelid neoplasms depend on the type, size, and location of the growth, as well as the patient's overall health. Surgical excision is often the preferred treatment approach, although radiation therapy and chemotherapy may also be used in some cases. Regular follow-up care is important to monitor for recurrence or new growths.
Cystadenoma is a type of benign tumor (not cancerous), which arises from glandular epithelial cells and is covered by a thin layer of connective tissue. These tumors can develop in various locations within the body, including the ovaries, pancreas, and other organs that contain glands.
There are two main types of cystadenomas: serous and mucinous. Serous cystadenomas are filled with a clear or watery fluid, while mucinous cystadenomas contain a thick, gelatinous material. Although they are generally not harmful, these tumors can grow quite large and cause discomfort or other symptoms due to their size or location. In some cases, cystadenomas may undergo malignant transformation and develop into cancerous tumors, known as cystadenocarcinomas. Regular medical follow-up and monitoring are essential for individuals diagnosed with cystadenomas to ensure early detection and treatment of any potential complications.
Sebaceous gland neoplasms are abnormal growths or tumors that develop in the sebaceous glands, which are small oil-producing glands found in the skin. These glands are responsible for producing sebum, a natural oil that helps keep the skin and hair moisturized. Sebaceous gland neoplasms can be benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous).
Benign sebaceous gland neoplasms include:
* Seborrheic keratosis: These are common, harmless growths that appear as rough, scaly patches on the skin. They can be tan, brown, or black in color and vary in size from small to large.
* Sebaceous adenoma: This is a benign tumor that arises from the sebaceous glands. It typically appears as a small, yellowish bump on the skin.
Malignant sebaceous gland neoplasms include:
* Sebaceous carcinoma: This is a rare but aggressive form of skin cancer that arises from the sebaceous glands. It often appears as a hard, painless nodule on the eyelid or other areas of the face and can spread to other parts of the body if left untreated.
* Basal cell carcinoma: While not exclusively a sebaceous gland neoplasm, basal cell carcinomas can sometimes arise from the sebaceous glands. These are slow-growing but invasive skin cancers that typically appear as pearly or flesh-colored bumps on the skin.
It is important to have any new or changing growths on the skin evaluated by a healthcare professional to determine whether they are benign or malignant and to develop an appropriate treatment plan if necessary.
Syringomas are benign, slow-growing skin tumors that originate from the eccrine sweat glands. They typically appear as multiple, small, skin-colored or slightly yellowish papules, often found on the lower eyelids, upper cheeks, and other areas of the face. They can also occur on the chest, abdomen, and genital regions. Syringomas are more common in women than men and usually develop during adolescence or early adulthood. While they are generally harmless and do not cause any symptoms, some people may seek treatment for cosmetic reasons.
B-cell marginal zone lymphoma (MZL) is a type of indolent (slow-growing) non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). It arises from B-lymphocytes, a type of white blood cell found in the lymphatic system. MZLs typically involve the marginal zone of lymphoid follicles, which are structures found in lymph nodes and other lymphatic tissues.
There are three subtypes of MZL: extranodal MZL (also known as mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue or MALT lymphoma), nodal MZL, and splenic MZL. Extranodal MZL is the most common form and can occur at various extranodal sites, such as the stomach, lungs, skin, eyes, and salivary glands. Nodal MZL involves the lymph nodes without evidence of extranodal disease, while splenic MZL primarily affects the spleen.
MZLs are typically low-grade malignancies, but they can transform into more aggressive forms over time. Treatment options depend on the stage and location of the disease, as well as the patient's overall health. Common treatments include watchful waiting, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, targeted therapy, or a combination of these approaches.
Psittacosis is a zoonotic infectious disease caused by the bacterium Chlamydia psittaci, which is typically found in birds. It can be transmitted to humans through inhalation of dried secretions or feces from infected birds, and less commonly, through direct contact with infected birds or their environments. The disease is characterized by symptoms such as fever, headache, muscle aches, cough, and pneumonia. In severe cases, it can lead to respiratory failure, heart inflammation, and even death if left untreated. It's important to note that psittacosis is treatable with antibiotics, and early diagnosis and treatment are crucial for a favorable prognosis.
Ultrasonography, Doppler refers to a non-invasive diagnostic medical procedure that uses high-frequency sound waves to create real-time images of the movement of blood flow through vessels, tissues, or heart valves. The Doppler effect is used to measure the frequency shift of the ultrasound waves as they bounce off moving red blood cells, which allows for the calculation of the speed and direction of blood flow. This technique is commonly used to diagnose and monitor various conditions such as deep vein thrombosis, carotid artery stenosis, heart valve abnormalities, and fetal heart development during pregnancy. It does not use radiation or contrast agents and is considered safe with minimal risks.
Keratin-15 is a type I keratin protein that is expressed in the basal cells of stratified epithelia, including the hair follicle and the epidermis. It plays a role in maintaining the integrity and stability of these tissues, particularly during periods of stress or injury. Keratin-15 has also been identified as a marker for stem cells in the hair follicle bulge region, which is responsible for hair regeneration. In addition, keratin-15 expression has been linked to various skin disorders, such as psoriasis and certain types of cancer, including squamous cell carcinoma.
'Chlamydophila psittaci' is a gram-negative, obligate intracellular bacterium that causes psittacosis, also known as parrot fever. It is commonly found in birds, particularly parrots and psittacines, but can also infect other bird species, mammals, and humans. In humans, it can cause a wide range of symptoms, including fever, headache, cough, and pneumonia. Human-to-human transmission is rare, and the disease is typically acquired through inhalation of dried secretions or feces from infected birds.
Mucinous cystadenoma is a type of benign tumor that arises from the epithelial cells lining the mucous membranes of the body. It is most commonly found in the ovary, but can also occur in other locations such as the pancreas or appendix.
Mucinous cystadenomas are characterized by the production of large amounts of mucin, a slippery, gel-like substance that accumulates inside the tumor and causes it to grow into a cystic mass. These tumors can vary in size, ranging from a few centimeters to over 20 centimeters in diameter.
While mucinous cystadenomas are generally benign, they have the potential to become cancerous (mucinous cystadenocarcinoma) if left untreated. Symptoms of mucinous cystadenoma may include abdominal pain or swelling, bloating, and changes in bowel movements or urinary habits. Treatment typically involves surgical removal of the tumor.
Adenocarcinoma, sebaceous is a type of cancer that develops from the sebaceous glands, which are glands in the skin that produce an oily substance called sebum. This type of cancer is a malignant tumor that forms in the glandular cells and can spread to other parts of the body. It most commonly occurs in the glands found in the eyelids (known as meibomian glands), but it can also occur in other areas of the body such as the genitals, breasts, and skin.
Sebaceous adenocarcinoma is a rare type of cancer, accounting for less than 1% of all skin cancers. It typically affects older adults and has been linked to exposure to radiation and certain genetic mutations. Treatment usually involves surgical removal of the tumor, along with radiation therapy or chemotherapy in some cases.
It is important to note that while I strive to provide accurate and up-to-date information, this definition may not be complete or fully comprehensive. If you have any concerns about your health or a medical condition, it is always best to consult with a qualified healthcare professional for personalized advice and treatment.
Fallopian tube diseases refer to conditions that affect the function or structure of the Fallopian tubes, which are a pair of narrow tubes that transport the egg from the ovaries to the uterus during ovulation and provide a pathway for sperm to reach the egg for fertilization. Some common Fallopian tube diseases include:
1. Salpingitis: This is an inflammation of the Fallopian tubes, usually caused by an infection. The infection can be bacterial, viral, or fungal in origin and can lead to scarring, blockage, or damage to the Fallopian tubes.
2. Hydrosalpinx: This is a condition where one or both of the Fallopian tubes become filled with fluid, leading to swelling and distension of the tube. The cause of hydrosalpinx can be infection, endometriosis, or previous surgery.
3. Endometriosis: This is a condition where the tissue that lines the inside of the uterus grows outside of it, including on the Fallopian tubes. This can lead to scarring, adhesions, and blockage of the tubes.
4. Ectopic pregnancy: This is a pregnancy that develops outside of the uterus, usually in the Fallopian tube. An ectopic pregnancy can cause the Fallopian tube to rupture, leading to severe bleeding and potentially life-threatening complications.
5. Tubal ligation: This is a surgical procedure that involves blocking or cutting the Fallopian tubes to prevent pregnancy. In some cases, tubal ligation can lead to complications such as ectopic pregnancy or tubal sterilization syndrome, which is a condition where the fallopian tubes reconnect and allow for pregnancy to occur.
These conditions can cause infertility, chronic pain, and other health problems, and may require medical or surgical treatment.
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID) is a medical condition characterized by inflammation of the reproductive organs in women, specifically the uterus, fallopian tubes, and/or ovaries. It is often caused by an infection that ascends from the cervix or vagina into the upper genital tract. The infectious agents are usually sexually transmitted bacteria such as Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia trachomatis, but other organisms can also be responsible.
Symptoms of PID may include lower abdominal pain, irregular menstrual bleeding, vaginal discharge with an unpleasant odor, fever, painful sexual intercourse, or pain in the lower back. However, some women with PID may not experience any symptoms at all. If left untreated, PID can lead to serious complications such as infertility, ectopic pregnancy, and chronic pelvic pain.
Diagnosis of PID is typically based on a combination of clinical findings, physical examination, and laboratory tests. Treatment usually involves antibiotics to eradicate the infection and may also include pain management and other supportive measures. In some cases, hospitalization may be necessary for more intensive treatment or if complications arise.
Ectopic pregnancy is a type of abnormal pregnancy that occurs outside the uterine cavity. The most common site for an ectopic pregnancy is the fallopian tube, accounting for about 95% of cases. This condition is also known as tubal pregnancy. Other less common sites include the ovary, cervix, and abdominal cavity.
In a normal pregnancy, the fertilized egg travels down the fallopian tube and implants itself in the lining of the uterus. However, in an ectopic pregnancy, the fertilized egg implants and starts to develop somewhere other than the uterus. The growing embryo cannot survive outside the uterus, and if left untreated, an ectopic pregnancy can cause life-threatening bleeding due to the rupture of the fallopian tube or other organs.
Symptoms of ectopic pregnancy may include abdominal pain, vaginal bleeding, shoulder pain, lightheadedness, fainting, and in severe cases, shock. Diagnosis is usually made through a combination of medical history, physical examination, ultrasound, and blood tests to measure the levels of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), a hormone produced during pregnancy.
Treatment for ectopic pregnancy depends on several factors, including the location, size, and growth rate of the ectopic mass, as well as the patient's overall health and desire for future pregnancies. Treatment options may include medication to stop the growth of the embryo or surgery to remove the ectopic tissue. In some cases, both methods may be used together. Early diagnosis and treatment can help prevent serious complications and improve the chances of preserving fertility in future pregnancies.
Diagnostic techniques in obstetrics and gynecology refer to the various methods used by healthcare professionals to diagnose and monitor conditions related to the female reproductive system and pregnancy. Here are some commonly used diagnostic techniques:
1. Physical examination: A thorough physical exam, including a pelvic exam, can help identify any abnormalities in the reproductive organs.
2. Medical history: A detailed medical history, including information about menstrual cycles, sexual activity, and family health, can provide valuable clues to diagnose various conditions.
3. Imaging tests: Ultrasound, CT scans, and MRIs can help healthcare professionals visualize the reproductive organs and detect any abnormalities.
4. Laboratory tests: Blood tests, urine tests, and cultures can help identify infections, hormonal imbalances, and other conditions.
5. Biopsy: A small sample of tissue is taken from the affected area and examined under a microscope to diagnose conditions such as cancer.
6. Colposcopy: This procedure involves using a special magnifying device to examine the cervix and vagina for signs of abnormalities.
7. Hysterosalpingography: This is an X-ray procedure that involves injecting a dye into the uterus and fallopian tubes to detect any blockages or other abnormalities.
8. Sonohysterography: This is an ultrasound procedure that involves injecting a fluid into the uterus to help visualize its interior and detect any abnormalities.
9. Minimally invasive surgery: Procedures such as laparoscopy and hysteroscopy can help healthcare professionals diagnose and treat various conditions related to the reproductive organs.
These diagnostic techniques can help healthcare professionals identify and manage a wide range of conditions, including infertility, pregnancy complications, infections, hormonal imbalances, and cancer.
The broad ligament is a wide, flat fold of peritoneum (the serous membrane that lines the abdominal cavity) that supports and suspends the uterus within the pelvic cavity. It consists of two layers - the anterior leaf and the posterior leaf - which enclose and protect various reproductive structures such as the fallopian tubes, ovaries, and blood vessels.
The broad ligament plays a crucial role in maintaining the position and stability of the uterus, allowing for proper functioning of the female reproductive system. It also serves as a conduit for nerves, blood vessels, and lymphatics that supply and drain the uterus and other pelvic organs.
Anomalies or pathologies of the broad ligament, such as cysts, tumors, or inflammation, can potentially lead to various gynecological conditions and symptoms, requiring medical evaluation and intervention if necessary.
Sensitivity and specificity are statistical measures used to describe the performance of a diagnostic test or screening tool in identifying true positive and true negative results.
* Sensitivity refers to the proportion of people who have a particular condition (true positives) who are correctly identified by the test. It is also known as the "true positive rate" or "recall." A highly sensitive test will identify most or all of the people with the condition, but may also produce more false positives.
* Specificity refers to the proportion of people who do not have a particular condition (true negatives) who are correctly identified by the test. It is also known as the "true negative rate." A highly specific test will identify most or all of the people without the condition, but may also produce more false negatives.
In medical testing, both sensitivity and specificity are important considerations when evaluating a diagnostic test. High sensitivity is desirable for screening tests that aim to identify as many cases of a condition as possible, while high specificity is desirable for confirmatory tests that aim to rule out the condition in people who do not have it.
It's worth noting that sensitivity and specificity are often influenced by factors such as the prevalence of the condition in the population being tested, the threshold used to define a positive result, and the reliability and validity of the test itself. Therefore, it's important to consider these factors when interpreting the results of a diagnostic test.
Laparoscopy is a surgical procedure that involves the insertion of a laparoscope, which is a thin tube with a light and camera attached to it, through small incisions in the abdomen. This allows the surgeon to view the internal organs without making large incisions. It's commonly used to diagnose and treat various conditions such as endometriosis, ovarian cysts, infertility, and appendicitis. The advantages of laparoscopy over traditional open surgery include smaller incisions, less pain, shorter hospital stays, and quicker recovery times.
Salpingectomy is a surgical procedure in which one or both of the fallopian tubes are removed. These tubes are slender structures that connect the ovaries to the uterus, through which the egg travels from the ovary to the uterus during ovulation. Salpingectomy can be performed for various reasons such as ectopic pregnancy, salpingitis (inflammation of the fallopian tubes), hydrosalpinx (fluid-filled tube), or as a preventative measure in women with increased risk of ovarian cancer. The procedure can be carried out through laparoscopy, hysteroscopy, or laparotomy, depending on the patient's condition and the surgeon's preference.
Microcystic adnexal carcinoma
Adnexal mass
Anaerobic infection
Stem cell marker
Eccrine carcinoma
Teleophthalmology
IgG4-related ophthalmic disease
Theca lutein cyst
Basaloid follicular hamartoma
Idiopathic orbital inflammatory disease
Orbital lymphoma
International Classification of Diseases for Oncology
Pelvic inflammatory disease
Irish College of Ophthalmologists
List of MeSH codes (C04)
Geoffrey Rose (ophthalmologist)
Skin cancer
Akshay Nair
Borrelia burgdorferi
Mohs surgery
Sweat gland
Fallopian tube cancer
Santosh G. Honavar
Mucinous neoplasm
Heterotopic pregnancy
Spiradenoma
Borderline tumor
Oophorectomy
Sentinel lymph node
Stephen Dolgin
Adnexal Tumors: Practice Essentials, History of the Procedure, Problem
Consortium Publishes Study on Ultrasound Approach to Evaluate Adnexal Masses | GenomeWeb
Detailed STD Facts - Pelvic Inflammatory Disease - CDC Fact Sheet
Microcystic adnexal carcinoma - Wikipedia
Transgenic mouse model of cutaneous adnexal tumors | Citedby Results | Disease Models & Mechanisms | The Company of Biologists
Mohs Surgery: Practice Essentials, Background
Ocular Lymphoma: ACRONYMS, Overview, Epidemiology
Subjective assessment by ultrasound is superior to the risk of malignancy index (RMI) or the risk of ovarian malignancy...
Table 1 - Mycobacterium abscessus Complex Infections in Humans - Volume 21, Number 9-September 2015 - Emerging Infectious...
Update on the Prevention and Treatment of Sexually Transmitted Diseases | AAFP
Policy Guidelines for Prevention and Management of Pelvic Inflamatory Disease (PID)
Richard Desmond Children's Eye Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital | Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust
Ocular Changes During Pregnancy - American Academy of Ophthalmology
Prevalence and Factors Associated with Self-Medication in Dermatology in Togo
Advanced Search Results - Public Health Image Library(PHIL)
Dysmenorrhea: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology
click to copy a shareable link to this record
Christine Ko, MD | Yale School of Medicine
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease
Pelvic Masses Including Ovary, Tube and Uterus
Teleophthalmology: A Model for Eye Care Delivery in Rural and Underserved Areas of India
Fallopian Tube Cancer Staging: TNM and FIGO Staging of Fallopian Tube Cancer
Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer Syndrome | Profiles RNS
James W. Buckreus, MD
The geographical and temporal evolution of sexually transmitted disease epidemics | Sexually Transmitted Infections
Study Orthoptics at UCL - London's Global University
Gynecology - MedicalCRITERIA.com
A Case Report of Familial Extramammary Paget's Disease in Female Siblings | Case Reports in Dermatology | Karger Publishers
Robotic surgery: More complications, higher expense for some conditions
Tumors6
- 3. Benign cutaneous adnexal tumors with combined folliculosebaceous, apocrine, and eccrine differentiation. (nih.gov)
- 8. [Benign adnexal tumors of late occurrence in verrucoid-sebaceous nevus (Jadassohn). (nih.gov)
- Adnexal tumors of the skin]. (nih.gov)
- 11. Adnexal skin tumors in Zaria, Nigeria. (nih.gov)
- 14. Benign cutaneous adnexal tumors in childhood and young adults, excluding pilomatrixoma: review of 28 cases and literature. (nih.gov)
- Hysterectomy, a frequently adopted gynecologic surgery, is the principal treatment for treating female reproductive tumors, adnexal lesions, and uterine prolapse. (hindawi.com)
Microcystic Adnexal Carcinoma2
- Microcystic adnexal carcinoma (MAC) is a rare sweat gland cancer, which often appears as a yellow spot or bump in the skin. (wikipedia.org)
- Microcystic Adnexal Carcinoma , often referred to by its acronym MAC , is one such malignant growth that can develop on the skin. (sanovadermatology.com)
Neoplasms2
- Glandular Adnexal Neoplasms. (routledge.com)
- 17. Skin adnexal neoplasms--part 2: an approach to tumours of cutaneous sweat glands. (nih.gov)
Uterine2
- B) Non- related tubal causes such pelvic adhesions, pelvic inflammatory disease, adnexal vessel congestion, adjacent ovarian or uterine masses, sudden changes in body position and trauma. (isuog.org)
- In the field of general gynaecology, our residents will acquire knowledge about uterine and cervical diseases, dysfunctional uterine bleeding, benign breast conditions, adnexal pathology and endometriosis , among other areas. (sjdhospitalbarcelona.org)
Tenderness2
- The pelvic examination showed left adnexal tenderness with a possible mass. (cdc.gov)
- Cervical motion tenderness and right adnexal tenderness are present on bimanual examination. (osmosis.org)
Tumor2
- Female adnexal tumor of probable Wolffian origin (FATWO) is a rare gynecologic neoplasm of low-malignant potential presumed to be derived from mesonephric remnants in the upper female genital tract. (nih.gov)
- Of all ocular adnexal lymphomas, a conjunctival tumor has the most favorable prognosis, as approximately 70%-75% of these lymphomas are localized to the conjunctiva, with the remainder associated with systemic disease. (aao.org)
Lesions3
- Crohn's disease is characterized by inflammatory lesions in the gastrointestinal tract, most commonly in the terminal ileum and colon. (radiologyassistant.nl)
- Is MRI More Effective than Ultrasound for Diagnosing Adnexal Lesions? (diagnosticimaging.com)
- New research shows that pelvic MRI offers equivalent sensitivity but nearly 20 percent greater specificity than transvaginal ultrasound for the classification of adnexal lesions. (diagnosticimaging.com)
Ovary1
- The process can involve the ovary alone but more commonly affects both the ovary and the oviduct (adnexal torsion). (medscape.com)
Malignant3
- In contrast, the presence of an adnexal mass in prepubertal girls and postmenopausal women heightens the risk of a malignant neoplastic etiology. (medscape.com)
- The incidence of malignant melanoma has increased steadily over the past 30 years and this type of malignancy is the leading cause of death from cutaneous malignant disease. (bmj.com)
- It remains the leading cause of death in cutaneous malignant disease. (bmj.com)
Ovarian6
- Ovarian torsion (adnexal torsion) is an infrequent but significant cause of acute lower abdominal pain in women . (medscape.com)
- Confident and early diagnosis of ovarian torsion (adnexal torsion) is imperative. (medscape.com)
- Consideration is particularly imperative in a patient with known risk factors for the disease, such as ovarian mass, prior pelvic surgery, or pregnancy. (medscape.com)
- In sexually active adolescents, one must always consider a tubo-ovarian abscess as the cause of an adnexal mass. (medscape.com)
- This pathway provides guidance on the imaging investigation of incidental ovarian and other adnexal masses. (radiologyacrossborders.org)
- While most incidental adnexal masses are benign, ovarian cancer is often diagnosed at an advanced stage due to the non-specific nature of symptoms and lack of effective tests for population-based screening. (radiologyacrossborders.org)
Clinical7
- Clinical characteristics of adnexal torsion in premenarchal patients. (medscape.com)
- Determining the true frequency of adnexal masses is impossible because most adnexal cysts develop and resolve without clinical detection. (medscape.com)
- When assessing the clinical significance of an adnexal mass, consideration of several age groups is important. (medscape.com)
- Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is a clinical syndrome that results from the ascension of microorganisms from the cervix and vagina to the upper genital tract. (cdc.gov)
- With an abundance of color clinical and histologic photographs, and descriptions of numerous dermatological diseases and conditions, this source is a must-have for anyone preparing for dermatology or pathology board exams, or for those desiring a strong understanding of the clinical or pathological presentations of disease. (routledge.com)
- Guarded reassurance and watchful waiting are appropriate if fetal heart sounds are detected, if the patient is medically stable, and if there is no adnexal mass or clinical sign of intraperitoneal bleeding. (nih.gov)
- To review and summarize the clinical features, diagnosis, treatment strategies, and prognosis of spinal Rosai-Dorfman disease (RDD). (biomedcentral.com)
Ultrasound1
- Ultrasound and MRI findings from a new study suggest that greater carotid atherosclerosis and elevated white matter hyperintensities among women with the APOEe4 genotype, a strong risk factor for Alzheimer's disease, are associated with increased PTSD symptoms in midlife women. (diagnosticimaging.com)
Pelvic examination1
- In the past, physicians relied on the findings of a pelvic examination to diagnose an adnexal mass. (medscape.com)
Diagnosis6
- A quick and confident diagnosis is required to save the adnexal structures from infarction. (medscape.com)
- Griffith DE , Aksamit T , Brown-Elliott BA , Catanzaro A , Daley C , Gordin F , An official ATS/IDSA statement: diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of nontuberculous mycobacterial diseases. (cdc.gov)
- This, coupled with the fact that the five year survival rate in patients with stage I or II disease is very high (∼ 80%), makes it particularly important that we concentrate our efforts on early diagnosis and treatment. (bmj.com)
- The chapter on recognition and management of ocular and periocular trauma and the diagnosis of common eye diseases conveys useful information. (uk.com)
- While its not a given when youre diagnosed with Graves disease that youll develop TED, up to 50 percent of people with Graves disease have eye symptoms, most often within six months of their diagnosis, according to the American Thyroid Association . (thyroidproadvice.com)
- Earlier the diagnosis rate for ocular diseases was much less in this region as compared to developed economies like Europe and North America. (tritonmarketresearch.com)
Reproductive5
- Adnexal torsion is not limited to women of reproductive age. (medscape.com)
- In women of reproductive age who have had adnexal masses removed surgically, most are benign cysts or masses. (medscape.com)
- 1 When present, signs and symptoms of PID are nonspecific, so other reproductive tract illnesses and diseases of both the urinary and the gastrointestinal tracts should be considered when evaluating a sexually active woman with lower abdominal pain. (cdc.gov)
- They will also work in the Endocrinology and Reproduction Unit on the pelvic floor and on a specific area of adolescent care that only exists in Catalonia , where they will be able to care for girls and adolescents with different types of diseases that may have an impact on their gynaecological and reproductive health in the medium and long term. (sjdhospitalbarcelona.org)
- Pelvic inflammatory disease , or PID, is an infection of the upper female reproductive system, including the uterus , fallopian tubes , and ovaries . (osmosis.org)
Vaginal1
- A sexually transmitted infection ( STI ), also referred to as a sexually transmitted disease ( STD ) and the older term venereal disease ( VD ), is an infection that is spread by sexual activity , especially vaginal intercourse , anal sex , oral sex , or sometimes manual sex . (wikipedia.org)
Infectious4
- PID is a serious complication of chlamydia and gonorrhea, two of the most common reportable infectious diseases and sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) in the US. (cdc.gov)
- Tuberculosis (TB) (see the image below), a multisystemic disease with myriad presentations and manifestations, is the most common cause of infectious disease-related mortality worldwide. (medscape.com)
- See 11 Travel Diseases to Consider Before and After the Trip, a Critical Images slideshow, to help identify and manage infectious travel diseases. (medscape.com)
- Neglected corneal diseases, infectious and non-infectious keratitis also cause considerable ocular morbidity in poorer parts of the globe. (uk.com)
Structures2
- If follicular atrophy occurs without involvement of other adnexal structures, the term "Skin, Fol icle - Atrophy" should be used. (nih.gov)
- Eye cancers generally affect orbit (eye socket), eyeball, and adnexal (accessory) structures. (tritonmarketresearch.com)
Pregnancy4
- Pregnancy is associated with, and may be responsible for, torsion in approximately 20% of adnexal torsion cases. (medscape.com)
- The presence of an adnexal mass or free pelvic fluid represents ectopic pregnancy until proven otherwise. (nih.gov)
- Medical management with misoprostol is highly effective for early intrauterine pregnancy failure with the exception of gestational trophoblastic disease, which must be surgically evacuated. (nih.gov)
- GIST is rare in pregnancy, but can masquerade as an adnexal mass in women of childbearing age. (jnccn.org)
Symptomatic2
- Each year approximately 1 million women in the United States experience an episode of symptomatic pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) (*) (1,2). (cdc.gov)
- [1] The term sexually transmitted infection is generally preferred over sexually transmitted disease or venereal disease , as it includes those who do not have symptomatic disease . (wikipedia.org)
Conjunctival1
- Pavlin CJFoster FS Conjunctival and adnexal disease. (jamanetwork.com)
Torsion2
- Color Doppler sonography of adnexal torsion. (medscape.com)
- Comparison of adnexal torsion between pregnant and nonpregnant women. (medscape.com)
Pathological1
- At this point, it represents a pathological adnexal mass. (medscape.com)
Sebaceous2
Surgery1
- Eventually 90% of patients with ileocolic disease require surgery (2). (radiologyassistant.nl)
Eyelids1
- Some normal adnexal elements and eyelids are usually present. (biomedcentral.com)
Chronic2
- Figure 2 Adnexal atrophy-smaller and reduced numbers of pilosebaceous units (arrows) in a male B6C3F1 mouse from a chronic study. (nih.gov)
- Depending on the disease, some untreated STIs can lead to infertility , chronic pain or death. (wikipedia.org)
Ectopic2
Evaluation1
- A solid adnexal mass with vascularity is an indication for specialist referral and surgical evaluation. (radiologyacrossborders.org)
Sickle Cell Di1
- Trachoma, vitamin A deficiency, leprosy, onchocerciasis, and other parasitic infestations of the globe, sickle cell disease, tuberculosis and syphilis, still continue to pose a serious visual threat in the developing world. (uk.com)
Centers2
Parasitic infestations1
- The gross appearance of alopecia may be attributed to behaviors such as hair chewing or barbering, mechanical denuding due to rubbing against poorly constructed openings for feeders or water devices, parasitic infestations, and systemic diseases from hormonal (hypothyroidism) and nutritional imbalances. (nih.gov)
Mass2
Occurrence1
- The market growth is being propelled by factors like rising occurrence of eye diseases, advancement in medical technology and the growing geriatric population worldwide. (tritonmarketresearch.com)
Disorders3
- Benefiting from blended learning opportunities, you will learn about paediatric ophthalmology, strabismus (ocular misalignment), ocular motility disorders, and other eye and vision health issues and diseases. (ucl.ac.uk)
- All patients with thyroid disorders should be routinely screened for early signs of thyroid eye disease. (thyroidproadvice.com)
- A high index of suspicion is essential for patients with the classic symptoms of thyroid eye disease, with no history of thyroid disorders or a euthyroid status at presentation. (thyroidproadvice.com)
Women1
- How do women get pelvic inflammatory disease? (cdc.gov)
Thyroid eye dis1
- Thyroid eye disease is most commonly associated with Graves disease. (thyroidproadvice.com)
Corneal1
- This is a systemic amyloidosis disorder with significant corneal disease. (arizona.edu)
Alopecia2
- Follicular Diseases Causing Non-scarring and Scarring Alopecia. (routledge.com)
- Adnexal or follicular atrophy may correspond to the gross observation of alopecia. (nih.gov)
Classification1
- A systematic approach is presented to grade disease activity resulting in a simple classification of mild, moderate and severe disease. (radiologyassistant.nl)
Sexual1
- Sexual disease" redirects here. (wikipedia.org)