Anacardiaceae
Anacardium
Rhus
Toxicodendron
Plant Extracts
Route of tracer administration does not affect ileal endogenous nitrogen recovery measured with the 15N-isotope dilution technique in pigs fed rapidly digestible diets. (1/47)
The (15)N-isotope dilution technique ((15)N-IDT), with either pulse-dose oral administration or continuous i.v. administration of [(15)N]-l-leucine (carotid artery), both at 5 mg/(kg body weight . d), was used to measure ileal (postvalve T-cecum cannula) endogenous nitrogen recovery (ENR) in pigs (9 +/- 0.6 kg). Diets were cornstarch, enzyme-hydrolyzed casein with no (control) or high (4%) content of quebracho extract (Schinopsis spp.) rich in condensed tannins. Blood was sampled from a catheter in the external jugular vein. Mean plasma (15)N-enrichment at d 8-10 was higher (P = 0.0009) after i.v. than after oral administration [0.0356 vs. 0.0379 atom% excess (APE)]. Plasma (15)N-enrichment for i.v. infused pigs was 0.01117 APE higher (P < 0.0001) and for orally dosed pigs 0.0081 APE lower (P < 0.0001) at 11 h postprandial compared with 1 h postprandial. Apparent ileal N digestibility was higher (P < 0.0001) for the control (85.5%) than for the quebracho diet (69.5%). ENR was calculated from the ratio of (15)N-enrichment of plasma and digesta. The ENR for the quebracho diet was approximately 300% higher than for the control diet (6.03 vs. 1.94 g/kg dry matter intake, P < 0.001). The real N digestibility (92.2 +/- 0.4%) was equal for both diets (P = 0.1030) and both tracer methods (P = 0.9730). We concluded that oral administration of [(15)N]leucine provides reasonable estimates of ENR in pigs fed semipurified diets with high or low content of tannins; however, one must be careful in extrapolating this conclusion to studies with other protein sources or feeding frequencies. (+info)Ileal endogenous nitrogen recovery is increased and its amino acid pattern is altered in pigs fed quebracho extract. (2/47)
Ileal endogenous nitrogen recovery (ENR) in pigs (9 +/- 0.6 kg body weight) was estimated simultaneously using the (15)N-isotope dilution technique ((15)N-IDT) and the peptide alimentation ultrafiltration (UF) method. Diets were cornstarch, enzyme-hydrolyzed casein with no (control) or high (4%) content of quebracho extract (Schinopsis spp.) rich in condensed tannins. The amino acid (AA) pattern of the ENR was also determined. The ENR of pigs fed the quebracho diet was higher (P = 0.0001) than that of pigs fed the control diet [6.00 vs. 1.95 g/kg dry matter intake (DMI) for the (15)N-IDT and 5.18 vs. 1.49 g/kg DMI for the UF method, respectively]. With the (15)N-IDT, ENR values were 0.44-0.79 g/kg DMI (24%) higher (control P = 0.0032, quebracho P = 0.0002) than for the UF method. Apparent nitrogen digestibility depended on diet (69.0% quebracho vs. 86.0% control, P = 0.0001). Real nitrogen digestibility (RD-N) determined by the UF method was higher (P = 0.0001) for the control than for the quebracho diet (91.4 vs. 88.2%). Corresponding values for the (15)N-IDT did not differ (P = 0.0569) between diets (92.8 vs. 91.4%). The (15)N-IDT gave higher values for RD-N of both diets (control P = 0.0030, quebracho P = 0.0002) compared with the UF method. Endogenous AA recoveries (g/kg DMI) were increased 300% (P = 0.0001) and the AA-pattern of ENR was changed (P from 0.0001 to 0.7530 for different AA) by the quebracho diet. A constant AA-pattern of ENR cannot be assumed. Despite limitations of both techniques, the (15)N-IDT and the UF method gave similar results with respect to ENR. (+info)Domestication of a Mesoamerican cultivated fruit tree, Spondias purpurea. (3/47)
Contemporary patterns of genetic variation in crops reflect historical processes associated with domestication, such as the geographic origin(s) of cultivated populations. Although significant progress has been made in identifying several global centers of domestication, few studies have addressed the issue of multiple origins of cultivated plant populations from different geographic regions within a domestication center. This study investigates the domestication history of jocote (Spondias purpurea), a Mesoamerican cultivated fruit tree. Sequences of the chloroplast spacer trnG-trnS were obtained for cultivated and wild S. purpurea trees, two sympatric taxa (Spondias mombin var. mombin and Spondias radlkoferi), and two outgroups (S. mombin var. globosa and Spondias testudinus). A phylogeographic approach was used and statistically significant associations of clades and geographical location were tested with a nested clade analysis. The sequences confirm that wild populations of S. purpurea are the likely progenitors of cultivated jocote trees. This study provides phylogeographic evidence of multiple domestications of this Mesoamerican cultivated fruit tree. Haplotypes detected in S. purpurea trees form two clusters, each of which includes alleles recovered in both cultivated and wild populations from distinct geographic regions. Cultivated S. purpurea populations have fewer unique trnG-trnS alleles than wild populations; however, five haplotypes were absent in the wild. The presence of unique alleles in cultivation may reflect contemporary extinction of the tropical dry forests of Mesoamerica. These data indicate that some agricultural habitats may be functioning as reservoirs of genetic variation in S. purpurea. (+info)Polyphenols purified from the Brazilian aroeira plant (Schinus terebinthifolius, Raddi) induce apoptotic and autophagic cell death of DU145 cells. (4/47)
Polyphenols extracted from many plants have shown antiproliferative and antitumor activities in a wide range of carcinogenesis models. The antiproliferative effects of polyphenols purified from the Brazilian aroeira plant (Schinus terebinthifolius, Raddi) were investigated on the androgen-insensitive DU145 human prostatic carcinoma cell line. A F3 fraction purified from leaf extract inhibited the DU145 cell proliferation more than 30-fold compared to the crude extract. By flow cytometric analysis, the polyphenol fraction was demonstrated to induce G0/G1 cell growth arrest and cell apoptosis. This apoptosis was evidenced by caspase 3 stimulation in F3-treated cells as compared to crude extract treated cells. The acid phosphatase activity of lysosomes was strongly activated in the lysosomal fraction of the F3-treated DU145 cells. This lysosomal activation, together with the appearance of autophagic vacuoles, suggests that "type 2 physiological cell death" was also involved in this antiproliferative effect. HPLC analysis of this F3 fraction showed 18 different subfractions. Among these subfractions, F3-3, F3-7 and F3-13 strongly inhibited DU145 cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner. However, the nature of these polyphenols remains unknown since only one (Isoquercitrin) of the tested pure polyphenols co-migrated with F3-13. Since lysosomotropic drugs are considered as possible regulators of lysosome activity, aroeira polyphenols could target lysosomes of prostatic cancer cells to induce autophagic cell death. (+info)General synthesis for chiral 4-alkyl-4-hydroxycyclohexenones. (5/47)
[reaction: see text] Some selective transformations of resorcinol-derived cyclohexadienone are reported. Efforts led to a structure reported to display anticancer properties. On the basis of the results, the structures for natural products reported to contain a 4,6-dihydroxy-4-alkyl-cyclohexenone nucleus are corrected. (+info)Vasorelaxant and hypotensive effects of Sclerocarya birrea (A Rich) Hochst (Anacardiaceae) stem bark aqueous extract in rats. (6/47)
The vasorelaxant and hypotensive effects of Sclerocarya birrea stem bark aqueous extract have been examined in rat experimental paradigms. Cumulative additions of S birrea stem bark aqueous extract (SBE 12.5-200 mg/ml) to the bath fluid induced concentration-dependent relaxations of endothelium- containing normotensive Wistar rat isolated aortic rings pre-contracted with noradrenaline (NA). The vasorelaxant effect of SBE on endothelium-containing isolated aortic rings was annulled by removal of the functional endothelium (in endothelium-denuded normotensive Wistar rat isolated aortic rings), or by pretreatment of the endothelium-containing isolated aortic rings with NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), an inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase (NOS). Bolus intravenous administrations of the plant extract (SBE 25-400 mg/kg iv) caused transient, dose-dependent and significant (p < 0.05-0.001) reductions in systemic arterial blood pressure and heart rates of anaesthetised normotensive and hypertensive Dahl salt-sensitive rats. The findings of this experimental animal study suggest that S birrea stem bark aqueous extract relaxes normotensive Wistar rat aortic vascular smooth muscle via endothelium-dependent nitric oxide (NO); and that the hypotensive effect of the plant extract is likely to be mediated, at least in part, through nitric oxide synthase activation and subsequent nitric oxide release. (+info)Induction of apoptosis on human hepatocarcinoma cell lines by an alkyl resorcinol isolated from Lithraea molleoides. (7/47)
AIM: To study the mechanism of cytotoxicity of a new active 5-alkyl resorcinol [1, 3-dihydroxy-5- (tridec-4', 7'-dienyl) benzene] isolated from Lithraea molleoides leaves on liver tumor cells. METHODS: Human hepatocarcinoma cell lines (HepG2 and Hep3B) in culture were treated with inhibitory concentrations, 50% of the compound, for 24 h. The induction of apoptosis was detected in treated cells by analysis of DNA fragmentation, DNA content, and acridine orange and propidium iodide staining. RESULTS: After 24 h of 5-alkyl resorcinol treatment, both cell lines showed: (1) the typical morphological alterations of apoptosis; (2) DNA fragmentation, detected by laddering and appearance of a subG0 population by flow cytometry; and (3) condensed and fragmented nuclei by acridine orange-propidium iodide staining. CONCLUSION: Based on the results, this compound exerts its cytotoxic effect in both hepatocellular cell lines through apoptotic cell death. For Hep3B, cells with mutated p53 and Fas, apoptosis would proceed by p53- or Fas-independent pathways. (+info)Colonization patterns of the invasive Brazilian peppertree, Schinus terebinthifolius, in Florida. (8/47)
Invasive species are believed to spread through a process of stratified dispersal consisting of short-distance diffusive spread around established foci and human mediated long-distance jumps. Brazilian peppertree (Schinus terebinthifolius), native to South America, was introduced twice as an ornamental plant into Florida, USA, just over 100 years ago. A previous study indicated that these two introductions were from genetically differentiated source populations in the native range. In this study, we took advantage of these contrasting genetic signatures to study the spatial spread of Brazilian peppertree across its entire range in Florida. A combination of spatial genetic and geostatistical analyses using chloroplast and nuclear microsatellite markers revealed evidence for both diffusive dispersal and long-distance jumps. Chloroplast DNA haplotype distributions and extensive bands of intra-specific hybridization revealed extensive dispersal by both introduced populations across the state. The strong genetic signature around the original introduction points, the presence of a general southeast to northwest genetic cline, and evidence for short-distance genetic spatial autocorrelation provided evidence of diffusive dispersal from an advancing front, probably by birds and small mammals. In the northernmost part of the range, there were patches having a high degree of ancestry from each introduction, suggesting long-distance jump dispersal, probably by the movement of humans. The evidence for extensive movement throughout the state suggests that Brazilian peppertree will be capable of rapidly recolonizing areas from which it has been eradicated. Concerted eradication efforts over large areas or the successful establishment of effective biocontrol agents over a wide area will be needed to suppress this species. (+info)Anacardiaceae is a family of flowering plants that includes a wide variety of trees and shrubs. It is part of the order Sapindales, which also includes plant families such as Rutaceae (the citrus family) and Simaroubaceae.
Plants in Anacardiaceae are characterized by their alternate, simple leaves and their small, usually greenish or whitish flowers. The fruits of these plants can take many different forms, including drupes, samaras, and nuts.
Some well-known members of Anacardiaceae include the sumac family (Rhus spp.), the cashew nut tree (Anacardium occidentale), and the mango tree (Mangifera indica). Many plants in this family contain a variety of chemical compounds that can be irritating or toxic to humans and other animals, including urushiol, which is found in poison ivy and poison oak.
'Anacardium' is the medical term for a genus of trees and shrubs that belong to the family Anacardiaceae. The most well-known species in this genus is Anacardium occidentale, which is commonly known as the cashew nut tree.
The cashew nut grows outside of a fruit called the cashew apple, which is also edible and has various uses in different cultures. The tree's bark, leaves, and sap have been used in traditional medicine to treat a variety of conditions, including skin diseases, diarrhea, and fever. However, it's important to note that some parts of the cashew tree, particularly the raw nuts and the sap, contain a caustic resin called urushiol, which can cause an allergic reaction in susceptible individuals.
In addition to its medicinal uses, Anacardium occidentale is also commercially important as a source of cashew nuts, cashew apple juice, and cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL), which has various industrial applications.
"Mangifera" is not a medical term, but a botanical name. It refers to the genus of trees that produce mangoes and other related fruits. The scientific name for the mango fruit is "Mangifera indica." This tropical tree is native to South Asia, particularly India and Southeast Asia.
The mango fruit is rich in vitamins A, C, and B6, as well as dietary fiber, antioxidants, and various other nutrients. It has been used in traditional medicine for its anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and hypoglycemic properties. However, it is important to note that while the fruit itself may have health benefits, "Mangifera" does not have a specific medical definition or application.
"Rhus" is a genus of plants that includes several species commonly known as poison ivy, poison oak, and poison sumac. These plants contain an oil called urushiol, which can cause an allergic reaction in many people when they come into contact with the plant's leaves, stems, or roots. The reaction typically includes a red, itchy rash that can blister and ooze.
In some contexts, "rhus" may also refer to homeopathic remedies made from these plants. However, it is important to note that the use of such remedies is not supported by scientific evidence and can be dangerous. It is always best to consult with a healthcare provider for medical advice regarding allergic reactions or other health concerns.
"Toxicodendron" is a genus of flowering plants in the family Anacardiaceae, also known as the cashew family. This genus includes several species that are well-known for causing allergic reactions in humans, particularly through contact with their sap or urushiol-containing parts of the plant. The most common and notorious species in this genus is Toxicodendron radicans, also known as poison ivy, poison oak, and poison sumac. These plants can cause an itchy, blistering rash upon contact with the skin, which is a type of allergic reaction called contact dermatitis. The severity of the reaction can vary from person to person, depending on their sensitivity to urushiol and the amount of exposure they have had to the plant.
I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Plant Bark" is not a term with a specific medical definition. In general, the bark refers to the outermost covering of a tree or other plant, which serves as protection and provides a barrier against external threats. It is composed of layers including the inner bark (phloem), which transports nutrients throughout the plant, and the outer bark (periderm), which is made up of dead cells that form a protective layer.
While some plants or plant parts do have medicinal properties and are used in various forms of traditional or alternative medicine, "Plant Bark" by itself does not have any specific medical connotations. If you're referring to a specific type of plant bark with potential medicinal uses, please provide more details so I can give a more accurate response.
A plant extract is a preparation containing chemical constituents that have been extracted from a plant using a solvent. The resulting extract may contain a single compound or a mixture of several compounds, depending on the extraction process and the specific plant material used. These extracts are often used in various industries including pharmaceuticals, nutraceuticals, cosmetics, and food and beverage, due to their potential therapeutic or beneficial properties. The composition of plant extracts can vary widely, and it is important to ensure their quality, safety, and efficacy before use in any application.
I believe there may be a slight misunderstanding in your question. "Plant leaves" are not a medical term, but rather a general biological term referring to a specific organ found in plants.
Leaves are organs that are typically flat and broad, and they are the primary site of photosynthesis in most plants. They are usually green due to the presence of chlorophyll, which is essential for capturing sunlight and converting it into chemical energy through photosynthesis.
While leaves do not have a direct medical definition, understanding their structure and function can be important in various medical fields, such as pharmacognosy (the study of medicinal plants) or environmental health. For example, certain plant leaves may contain bioactive compounds that have therapeutic potential, while others may produce allergens or toxins that can impact human health.
Anacardiaceae
Quebracho tree
Analavelona
Lannea edulis
Micronychia (plant)
Paleoflora of the Messel Formation
Spondias tefyi
Astronium
Sumac
Pseudospondias
Holigarna
Cyrtocarpa
Campylopetalum
Faguetia
List of malvid families
Mosquitoxylum
Buchanania cochinchinensis
Bonetiella
Cardenasiodendron
Fegimanra
Laurophyllus
White-fronted capuchin
Pegia
Orthopterygium
Quercy Phosphorites Formation
Rhus taitensis
Semecarpus australiensis
Nothopegia beddomei
Schinopsis brasiliensis
Blepharocarya involucrigera
Anacardiaceae - Wikipedia
Evolutionary History of the Genus Pistacia (Anacardiaceae)
Fossil wood of Anacardiaceae from the British Eocene | The Palaeontological Association
Botanical Dermatology: Overview, Allergic Contact Dermatitis due to Anacardiaceae Plants, Allergic Contact Dermatitis due to...
The jumping plant-lice of the Neotropical genus Tainarys (Hemiptera: Psylloidea) associated with Anacardiaceae
ANACARDIACEAE - Family Page - ISB: Atlas of Florida Plants
Frontiers | Evolutionary History of Rhus chinensis (Anacardiaceae) From the Temperate and Subtropical Zones of China Based on...
African Journal of Biochemistry Research - in vivo antimalarial activity of bark extracts of lannea acida (anacardiaceae) and...
ANACARDIACEAE Loxopterygium sagotii - Insidewood Images
Distribuição da variabilidade genética em aroeira (Myracrodruon urundeuva - Anacardiaceae)...
EcoFlora - Anacardiaceae
Anacardiaceae - MonFlora
Anacardiaceae Explained
Family: Anacardiaceae - Genus: Rhus - Taxon: pyroides (High Resolution image - Identification Key)
Semecarpus sp ANACARDIACEAE
Choerospondias axillaris - ANACARDIACEAE
User:Tintazul/Plantae - Wikimedia Commons
anacardiaceae Archives - Moje Rastliny
Flora of Zambia: Checklist: Anacardiaceae
Anacardiaceae - Digital Flora of Indonesia
Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center - The University of Texas at Austin
Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center - The University of Texas at Austin
Anacardiaceae | Dead as the Dodo - Holocene Extinctions
Plants of Texas Rangelands » Families » Anacardiaceae (Sumac family)
Anacardiaceae (Cashew and Sumac Family) - Images | Rich Leighton
Succulents in the Family Anacardiaceae - World of Succulents
Sumac2
- The Anacardiaceae, commonly known as the cashew family or sumac family, are a family of flowering plants, including about 83 genera with about 860 known species. (wikipedia.org)
- A collection of wild native North American wildflowers photographed in their natural environment belonging to the cashew and sumac family: Anacardiaceae. (photoshelter.com)
Genus6
- The genus Pistacia has sometimes been separated into its own family, the Pistaciaceae, based on the reduced flower structure, differences in pollen, and the feathery style of the flowers.The nature of its ovary, though, does suggest it belongs in the Anacardiaceae, a position supported by morphological and molecular studies, and recent classifications have included Pistacia in the Anacardiaceae. (wikipedia.org)
- Rhus is the largest genus in the family Anacardiaceae, but it does not contain the allergenic plants, most of which belong to the genus Toxicodendron . (medscape.com)
- This dataset contains the digitized treatments in Plazi based on the original journal article Burckhardt, Daniel, Queiroz, Dalva L. (2017): The jumping plant-lice of the Neotropical genus Tainarys (Hemiptera: Psylloidea) associated with Anacardiaceae. (gbif.org)
- We reassign the fruits to Anacardiaceae and note similarity to the extant Neotropical genus Loxopterygium which differs, however, in the shape of the endocarp and placement of the style. (botany.pl)
- ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Comprising of about 30 species, the genus Toxicodendron ( Anacardiaceae ) are mainly distributed in East Asia and North America . (bvsalud.org)
- A plant genus of the family ANACARDIACEAE that is the source of anacarcin forte. (bvsalud.org)
Cashew family2
- Pistacia L. belongs to the family Anacardiaceae (cashew family), order Sapindales. (scialert.net)
- Poison Ivy is not a "true" Ivy ( Hedera ) but is actually a member of the pistachio and cashew family (Anacardiaceae). (geocaching.com)
Rhus2
- Rhus chinensis belongs to the plant family Anacardiaceae and is a common deciduous tree that is endemic to the warm temperate zone of Asia. (frontiersin.org)
- The Anacardiaceae contains members that are important sources of tannins and lacquers, have edible fruits (e.g., mango - Mangifera, cashews - Anacardium, and pistachio - Pistacia), or are used as ornamentals (e.g., sumacs - Rhus and smoke tree - Cotinus). (asu.edu)
Family5
- This is based on Anacardiaceae being pantropical in distribution with North and South America representing major diversification centers of the family including the geographical distribution of Pistacia. (scialert.net)
- Members of the family Anacardiaceae cause more cases of allergic contact dermatitis than those of all other plant families combined. (medscape.com)
- Lannea acida plants belong to the family Anacardiaceae. (academicjournals.org)
- Argentina bears a potential of 28.389.000 ha forests with species of the Anacardiaceae family. (csic.es)
- Her PhD is in plant biology, and her research specialty is evolution of the cashew (Anacardiaceae) family. (imgc2023.com)
Mangifera1
- Temporal Activity Patterns and Foraging Behavior by Social Wasps (Hymenoptera, Polistinae) on Fruits of Mangifera indica L. (Anacardiaceae). (bvsalud.org)
Species2
- The wood of the Anacardiaceae has the frequent occurrence of simple small holes in the vessels, occasionally in some species side by side with scalariform holes (in Campnosperma, Micronychia, and Heeria argentea (Anaphrenium argenteum). (wikipedia.org)
- RAPD markers and cpDNA sequencing were used to study the distribution of genetic variability in a germplasm collection of Aroeira ( Myracrodruon urundeuva - Anacardiaceae) and to investigate the comparative contributions of seed and pollen dispersion in genetic exchange among populations of this species at a regional scale. (usp.br)
Loxopterygium1
- Miocene winged fruits of Loxopterygium (Anacardiaceae) from the Ecuadorian Andes. (botany.pl)
Toxicodendron1
- A comprehensive review of medicinal Toxicodendron (Anacardiaceae): Botany, traditional uses, phytochemistry and pharmacology. (bvsalud.org)
Plantas1
- Género de plantas de la familia ANACARDIACEAE. (bvsalud.org)
Morphology1
- Fruit morphology and anatomy of the spondioid Anacardiaceae. (botany.pl)
Fruits1
- Members of the Anacardiaceae bear fruits that are drupes and in some cases produce urushiol, an irritant. (wikipedia.org)
Urushiol1
- [2] Members of the Anacardiaceae bear fruit s that are drupe s and in some cases produce urushiol , an irritant. (explained.today)
Plants1
- John L. Anderson, 2006, Vascular Plants of Arizona: Anacardiaceae. (asu.edu)
Trees1
- The present work aims to contribute to the study of the bark anatomy of native Anacardiaceae trees, as well as to set the bases of their use as raw material of non traditional forest products. (csic.es)
Bark1
- in vivo antimalarial activity of bark extracts of lannea acida (anacardiaceae) and chloroquine against plasmodium berghei in mice. (academicjournals.org)
Sapindales1
- An Anacardiaceae in nahilalakip ha ordo nga Sapindales , classis nga Magnoliopsida , punoan nga Tracheophyta , ngan regnum nga Plantae . (wikipedia.org)
Cashew2
- The Anacardiaceae, commonly known as the cashew family or sumac family, are a family of flowering plants, including about 83 genera with about 860 known species. (wikipedia.org)
- Smoketree, or smokebush, is an upright spreading deciduous shrub or small tree in the Anacardiaceae (cashew or poison ivy) family. (ncsu.edu)
Familia1
- An Anacardiaceae [1] in uska familia han Magnoliopsida . (wikipedia.org)
Plants1
- John L. Anderson, 2006, Vascular Plants of Arizona: Anacardiaceae. (asu.edu)
Cotinus1
- 13. The complete plastid genome of Cotinus coggygria and phylogenetic analysis of the Anacardiaceae. (nih.gov)
Phytochemistry1
- A comprehensive review of medicinal Toxicodendron (Anacardiaceae): Botany, traditional uses, phytochemistry and pharmacology. (bvsalud.org)
Families2
- Members of the family Anacardiaceae cause more cases of allergic contact dermatitis than those of all other plant families combined. (medscape.com)
- The Anacardiaceae family was one of the 8 priority threatened families retained by the consortium for the study. (madbif.mg)
Temperate1
- Sumac trees belong to the Anacardiaceae plant family and occur naturally in temperate and subtropical climates. (gardenguides.com)
Members1
- and Cashews ( Anacardium exelsum ) grow will possibly know of potential severe allergic reactions to these foods and additional members of the Anacardiaceae as well. (botanyeveryday.com)
Present1
- Secondary venation is eucamptodromous, brochidodromous, craspedodromous or cladodromous (rarely reticulodromous) Cladodromous venation, if present is considered diagnostic for Anacardiaceae. (wikipedia.org)