The tearing or bursting of the wall along any portion of the AORTA, such as thoracic or abdominal. It may result from the rupture of an aneurysm or it may be due to TRAUMA.
Forcible or traumatic tear or break of an organ or other soft part of the body.
A decrease in the rate of speed.
Radiographic visualization of the aorta and its branches by injection of contrast media, using percutaneous puncture or catheterization procedures.
Aneurysm caused by a tear in the TUNICA INTIMA of a blood vessel leading to interstitial HEMORRHAGE, and splitting (dissecting) of the vessel wall, often involving the AORTA. Dissection between the intima and media causes luminal occlusion. Dissection at the media, or between the media and the outer adventitia causes aneurismal dilation.
An abnormal balloon- or sac-like dilatation in the wall of the THORACIC AORTA. This proximal descending portion of aorta gives rise to the visceral and the parietal branches above the aortic hiatus at the diaphragm.
Surgical insertion of BLOOD VESSEL PROSTHESES to repair injured or diseased blood vessels.
Injuries caused by impact with a blunt object where there is no penetration of the skin.
General or unspecified injuries to the chest area.
An abnormal balloon- or sac-like dilatation in the wall of AORTA.
A splenic rupture is a medical condition characterized by the traumatic tearing or disruption of the spleen, leading to potential internal bleeding and, if left untreated, potentially life-threatening complications.
The portion of the descending aorta proceeding from the arch of the aorta and extending to the DIAPHRAGM, eventually connecting to the ABDOMINAL AORTA.
Disease-related laceration or tearing of tissues of the heart, including the free-wall MYOCARDIUM; HEART SEPTUM; PAPILLARY MUSCLES; CHORDAE TENDINEAE; and any of the HEART VALVES. Pathological rupture usually results from myocardial infarction (HEART RUPTURE, POST-INFARCTION).
Inflammation of the wall of the AORTA.
An abnormal balloon- or sac-like dilatation in the wall of the ABDOMINAL AORTA which gives rise to the visceral, the parietal, and the terminal (iliac) branches below the aortic hiatus at the diaphragm.
Device constructed of either synthetic or biological material that is used for the repair of injured or diseased blood vessels.
A complete separation or tear in the wall of the UTERUS with or without expulsion of the FETUS. It may be due to injuries, multiple pregnancies, large fetus, previous scarring, or obstruction.
Devices that provide support for tubular structures that are being anastomosed or for body cavities during skin grafting.
Tomography using x-ray transmission and a computer algorithm to reconstruct the image.
Not an aneurysm but a well-defined collection of blood and CONNECTIVE TISSUE outside the wall of a blood vessel or the heart. It is the containment of a ruptured blood vessel or heart, such as sealing a rupture of the left ventricle. False aneurysm is formed by organized THROMBUS and HEMATOMA in surrounding tissue.
Pathological processes involving any part of the AORTA.
Operative procedures for the treatment of vascular disorders.
A lesion on the surface of the skin or a mucous surface, produced by the sloughing of inflammatory necrotic tissue.
Laceration or tearing of cardiac tissues appearing after MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION.
Death resulting from the presence of a disease in an individual, as shown by a single case report or a limited number of patients. This should be differentiated from DEATH, the physiological cessation of life and from MORTALITY, an epidemiological or statistical concept.
Spontaneous tearing of the membranes surrounding the FETUS any time before the onset of OBSTETRIC LABOR. Preterm PROM is membrane rupture before 37 weeks of GESTATION.
The aorta from the DIAPHRAGM to the bifurcation into the right and left common iliac arteries.
Accidents on streets, roads, and highways involving drivers, passengers, pedestrians, or vehicles. Traffic accidents refer to AUTOMOBILES (passenger cars, buses, and trucks), BICYCLING, and MOTORCYCLES but not OFF-ROAD MOTOR VEHICLES; RAILROADS nor snowmobiles.
Procedures that avoid use of open, invasive surgery in favor of closed or local surgery. These generally involve use of laparoscopic devices and remote-control manipulation of instruments with indirect observation of the surgical field through an endoscope or similar device.
A collection of blood outside the BLOOD VESSELS. Hematoma can be localized in an organ, space, or tissue.
Minimally invasive procedures, diagnostic or therapeutic, performed within the BLOOD VESSELS. They may be perfomed via ANGIOSCOPY; INTERVENTIONAL MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; INTERVENTIONAL RADIOGRAPHY; or INTERVENTIONAL ULTRASONOGRAPHY.
Tear or break of an organ, vessel or other soft part of the body, occurring in the absence of external force.
Evaluation undertaken to assess the results or consequences of management and procedures used in combating disease in order to determine the efficacy, effectiveness, safety, and practicability of these interventions in individual cases or series.
A repeat operation for the same condition in the same patient due to disease progression or recurrence, or as followup to failed previous surgery.
Disease having a short and relatively severe course.
Studies used to test etiologic hypotheses in which inferences about an exposure to putative causal factors are derived from data relating to characteristics of persons under study or to events or experiences in their past. The essential feature is that some of the persons under study have the disease or outcome of interest and their characteristics are compared with those of unaffected persons.
The tearing or bursting of the weakened wall of the aneurysmal sac, usually heralded by sudden worsening pain. The great danger of a ruptured aneurysm is the large amount of blood spilling into the surrounding tissues and cavities, causing HEMORRHAGIC SHOCK.
The main trunk of the systemic arteries.
Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.
Bursting of the STOMACH.
Injuries to the fibrous cords of connective tissue which attach muscles to bones or other structures.
Studies in which individuals or populations are followed to assess the outcome of exposures, procedures, or effects of a characteristic, e.g., occurrence of disease.
Accumulations of blood in the PERITONEAL CAVITY due to internal HEMORRHAGE.
A fibrous cord that connects the muscles in the back of the calf to the HEEL BONE.
Abnormal outpouching in the wall of intracranial blood vessels. Most common are the saccular (berry) aneurysms located at branch points in CIRCLE OF WILLIS at the base of the brain. Vessel rupture results in SUBARACHNOID HEMORRHAGE or INTRACRANIAL HEMORRHAGES. Giant aneurysms (>2.5 cm in diameter) may compress adjacent structures, including the OCULOMOTOR NERVE. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p841)

Ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysms: selecting patients for surgery. (1/892)

OBJECTIVES: Mortality from ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm (RAAA) remains high. Despite this, withholding surgery on poor-prognosis patients with RAAA may create a difficult dilemma for the surgeon. Hardman et al. identified five independent, preoperative risk factors associated with mortality and proposed a model for preoperative patient selection. The aim of this study was to test the validity of the same model in an independent series of RAAA patients. METHODS: A consecutive series of patients undergoing surgery for RAAA was analysed retrospectively by case-note review. Thirty-day operative mortality and the presence of the five risk factors: age (> 76 years), creatinine (Cr) (> 190 mumol/l), haemoglobin (Hb) (< 9 g/dl), loss of consciousness and electrocardiographic (ECG) evidence of ischaemia were recorded for each patient. RESULTS: Complete data sets existed for 69 patients (mean age: 73 years, range: 38-86 years, male to female ratio: 6:1). Operative mortality was 43%. The cumulative effect of 0, 1 and 2 risk factors on mortality was 18%, 28% and 48%, respectively. All patients with three or more risk factors died (eight patients). CONCLUSIONS: These results lend support to the validity of the model. The potential to avoid surgery in patients with little or no chance of survival would spare unnecessary suffering, reduce operative mortality and enhance use of scarce resources.  (+info)

Repair of ruptured thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm is worthwhile in selected cases. (2/892)

INTRODUCTION: The risks and benefits of operating on patients with ruptured thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm (TAAA) have not been defined. The aim of the present study is to report this unit's experience with operations performed for ruptured TAAA over a 10-year period. METHODS: Interrogation of a prospectively gathered computerised database. PATIENTS: Between 1 January 1983 and 30 June 1996, 188 consecutive patients with TAAA were operated on, of whom 23 (12%) were operated for rupture. RESULTS: There were nine survivors (40%). Patients whose preoperative systolic blood pressure remained above 100 mmHg were significantly more likely to survive (4/8 vs. 13/15, p = 0.03 by Fisher's exact test). Survival was also related to Crawford type: type I (two of three survived); II (none of six); III (two of six); and IV (five of eight). All non-type II, non-shocked patients survived operation. Survivors spent a median of 28 (range 10-66) postoperative days in hospital, of which a median of 6 (range 2-24) days were spent in the intensive care unit. Survivor morbidity comprised prolonged ventilation (> 5 days) (n = 3); tracheostomy (n = 1); and temporary haemofiltration (n = 2). No survivor developed paraplegia or required permanent dialysis. CONCLUSIONS: Patients in shock with a Crawford type II aneurysm have such a poor prognosis that intervention has to be questioned except in the most favourable of circumstances. However, patients with types I, III and IV who are not shocked on presentation can be salvaged and, where possible, should be transferred to a unit where appropriate expertise and facilities are available.  (+info)

Rupture of aortic aneurysm with right-sided haemothorax. (3/892)

A 62-yr-old male with a history of high blood pressure was admitted for persistent dyspnoea and a right-sided pleural effusion, complicated by a recent episode of shock. There was no history of trauma and the patient denied any thoracic pain. A chest tube was inserted which released nonclotting bloody fluid. A thoracic computed tomographic scan of the chest revealed an aneurysm of the inferior third of the descending thoracic aorta. The patient underwent a successful prosthetic graft replacement. We emphasize that rupture of aortic aneurysms should be considered in the evaluation of spontaneous haemothorax even if it is right-sided and not associated with pain.  (+info)

Frame dislocation of body middle rings in endovascular stent tube grafts. (4/892)

OBJECTIVES: To understand the cause, and propose a mechanism for frame dislocation in endovascular grafts. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Five tube grafts were explanted due to secondary distal leakage 15-21 months after operation. One bifurcated graft was removed during emergency operation after aortic rupture caused by secondary leakage. A second bifurcated graft was harvested from a patient with thrombotic occlusion of one limb, who died after transurethral prostatic resection. The inside of the grafts were examined endoscopically. The stent was inspected after removal of the fabric, broken ligatures were counted and examined by scanning electron microscopy. The fabric strength was tested by probe puncture. RESULTS: We found 17-44% of the stent ligatures of the body middle rings to be loose. The knots were intact. Degradation of the polyester textile was not observed. CONCLUSIONS: Continuous movements in the grafted aorta and blood pressure impose permanent stress to the stent frame and the polyester fabric resulting in morphological changes in the body middle ring of grafts. The clinical implications of the suture breakages are unknown although they may be related to distal secondary leakage in tube grafts.  (+info)

Acute renal impairment due to a primary aortocaval fistula is normalised after a successful operation. (5/892)

OBJECTIVES: To study renal function in patients with aortocaval fistula, before and after surgery. DESIGN: Retrospective study. MATERIAL AND METHODS: During the last 22 years nine male patients (median age 67, age range 50-72) with spontaneous aortocaval fistula in combination with AAA were operated upon. This constitutes 4% of the patients with ruptured AAA and 1.5% of all patients with AAA. RESULTS: A preoperative diagnosis of aortocaval fistula was established in three of the nine cases. The medium duration of symptoms prior to surgery was 5 days (range 4 h-14 days). The fistula was combined with an extravasating ruptured AAA in only three patients. Seven of the patients had acute renal insufficiency, with creatinine levels of in median 292 mumol (IQR 218-342). Creatinine declined to 172 mumol/l (IQR 170-313) on the fifth postoperative day in uncomplicated cases and to 86 mumol at discharge. One patient died due to multi-organ failure, whereas the other left hospital well and alive with normal renal function. CONCLUSION: Acute preoperative renal insufficiency due to an aortocaval fistula in patients with AAA is often due to venous congestion, and is normalised after successful surgery.  (+info)

Mortality in ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysms. The Finnvasc Study Group. (6/892)

OBJECTIVE: To assess mortality related to rupture of abdominal aortic aneurysm (RAAA). DESIGN: A 4-year cross-sectional study based on a nationwide vascular registry Finnvasc and national cause-of-death registry (Statistics Finland). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 454 operations for RAAA among 11,747 surgical vascular reconstructions recorded in the Finnvasc registry and 1004 deaths due to RAAA during the same period based on Statistics Finland. RESULTS: The operative mortality rate was 49% based on the Finnvasc registry and 54% based on Statistics Finland. With all RAAA deaths at hospitals included, total hospital mortality was 68%. No association existed between hospital volume of RAAA operations and surgical mortality, although an inverse association did exist between hospital volume of RAAA operations and all RAAA deaths in the hospital (p = 0.01). The case fatality for RAAA in Finland was 80%. CONCLUSIONS: RAAA surgical mortality calculations for RAAA, based on a vascular registry, underestimate the true rate because some cases with fatal outcome tend to escape registration. Because surgical mortality rates may also be skewed by patient selection, total hospital RAAA mortality thus represents the results of RAAA treatment more accurately.  (+info)

Chronic aneurysm of the descending thoracic aorta presenting with right pleural effusion and left phrenic paralysis. (7/892)

A 62-year-old man was admitted to the emergency department with chronic dysphagia and lower back pain. Chest radiography revealed a wide mediastinal shadow and an elevated left diaphragm, which proved to be secondary to left phrenic paralysis. The patient was diagnosed with an aneurysm of the descending thoracic aorta and was admitted to the hospital. After the patient was admitted, the aneurysm ruptured into the right chest. The patient underwent an emergency operation to replace the ruptured segment with a synthetic graft. Postoperative recovery and follow-up were uneventful. This report describes an unusual presentation of a thoracic aortic aneurysm. Hemidiaphragmatic paralysis caused by compression of the phrenic nerve is an unusual complication that, to our knowledge, has not been previously reported.  (+info)

Ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm in the Huntingdon district: a 10-year experience. (8/892)

A study was undertaken to establish the true incidence of ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysms (RAAA) in the Huntingdon districts. RAAAs in the Huntingdon district between 1986 and 1995 were studied retrospectively. Data were collected from hospital records and hospital and community autopsies. There was a total of 139 cases of RAAA; 119 were males and 20 females, giving a M:F ratio of 6:1. The incidence of RAAAs was 17.8/100,000 person years (py) in males and 3.0/100,000 py in females. Mean age at rupture was 75.5 years in men (95% confidence intervals (CI) 74-78 years) and 80.2 in women (95% CI 78.8-83 years). There was an age-specific increase in incidence after the age of 65 years in men and after 80 years in women, although 12.6% of all RAAAs occurred in men under 65 years. In all, 100 patients were confirmed to have died of RAAA during the 10-year period. This represents 79% of all ruptures discovered. Almost three-quarters of patients did not reach the operating theatre. Of the 61 patients operated on, 29 survived (48%). The size of the aneurysm at rupture was recorded in 68 cases (49%). The mean size was 8.14 cm (SD 2.0 cm). In five cases (7.4%), rupture occurred in AAAs smaller than 6 cm. The overall mortality from RAAA in Huntingdon health district is approximately 80% and three-quarters of all deaths occurred without an operation.  (+info)

Aortic rupture is a medical emergency that refers to the tearing or splitting of the aorta, which is the largest and main artery in the body. The aorta carries oxygenated blood from the heart to the rest of the body. An aortic rupture can lead to life-threatening internal bleeding and requires immediate medical attention.

There are two types of aortic ruptures:

1. Aortic dissection: This occurs when there is a tear in the inner lining of the aorta, allowing blood to flow between the layers of the aortic wall. This can cause the aorta to bulge or split, leading to a rupture.
2. Thoracic aortic aneurysm rupture: An aneurysm is a weakened and bulging area in the aortic wall. When an aneurysm in the thoracic aorta (the part of the aorta that runs through the chest) ruptures, it can cause severe bleeding and other complications.

Risk factors for aortic rupture include high blood pressure, smoking, aging, family history of aortic disease, and certain genetic conditions such as Marfan syndrome or Ehlers-Danlos syndrome. Symptoms of an aortic rupture may include sudden severe chest or back pain, difficulty breathing, weakness, sweating, and loss of consciousness. Treatment typically involves emergency surgery to repair the aorta and control bleeding.

A rupture, in medical terms, refers to the breaking or tearing of an organ, tissue, or structure in the body. This can occur due to various reasons such as trauma, injury, increased pressure, or degeneration. A ruptured organ or structure can lead to serious complications, including internal bleeding, infection, and even death, if not treated promptly and appropriately. Examples of ruptures include a ruptured appendix, ruptured eardrum, or a ruptured disc in the spine.

In medical terms, deceleration refers to a decrease in the rate or speed of a physiological process or body function. It is often used in the context of fetal heart rate monitoring during labor and delivery, where a deceleration is a decrease in the fetal heart rate from its baseline level. Decelerations can be classified into early, late, and variable types based on their timing and shape, and they may indicate fetal distress or hypoxia if they are prolonged or severe. Other examples of deceleration in medical context include blood pressure deceleration during a surgical procedure or deceleration in the respiratory rate during anesthesia.

Aortography is a medical procedure that involves taking X-ray images of the aorta, which is the largest blood vessel in the body. The procedure is usually performed to diagnose or assess various conditions related to the aorta, such as aneurysms, dissections, or blockages.

To perform an aortography, a contrast dye is injected into the aorta through a catheter that is inserted into an artery, typically in the leg or arm. The contrast dye makes the aorta visible on X-ray images, allowing doctors to see its structure and any abnormalities that may be present.

The procedure is usually performed in a hospital or outpatient setting and may require sedation or anesthesia. While aortography can provide valuable diagnostic information, it also carries some risks, such as allergic reactions to the contrast dye, damage to blood vessels, or infection. Therefore, it is typically reserved for situations where other diagnostic tests have been inconclusive or where more invasive treatment may be required.

A dissecting aneurysm is a serious and potentially life-threatening condition that occurs when there is a tear in the inner layer of the artery wall, allowing blood to flow between the layers of the artery wall. This can cause the artery to bulge or balloon out, leading to a dissection aneurysm.

Dissecting aneurysms can occur in any artery, but they are most commonly found in the aorta, which is the largest artery in the body. When a dissecting aneurysm occurs in the aorta, it is often referred to as a "dissecting aortic aneurysm."

Dissecting aneurysms can be caused by various factors, including high blood pressure, atherosclerosis (hardening and narrowing of the arteries), genetic disorders that affect the connective tissue, trauma, or illegal drug use (such as cocaine).

Symptoms of a dissecting aneurysm may include sudden severe chest or back pain, which can feel like ripping or tearing, shortness of breath, sweating, lightheadedness, or loss of consciousness. If left untreated, a dissecting aneurysm can lead to serious complications, such as rupture of the artery, stroke, or even death.

Treatment for a dissecting aneurysm typically involves surgery or endovascular repair to prevent further damage and reduce the risk of rupture. The specific treatment approach will depend on various factors, including the location and size of the aneurysm, the patient's overall health, and their medical history.

A thoracic aortic aneurysm is a localized dilatation or bulging of the thoracic aorta, which is the part of the aorta that runs through the chest cavity. The aorta is the largest artery in the body, and it carries oxygenated blood from the heart to the rest of the body.

Thoracic aortic aneurysms can occur anywhere along the thoracic aorta, but they are most commonly found in the aortic arch or the descending thoracic aorta. These aneurysms can vary in size, and they are considered significant when they are 50% larger than the expected normal diameter of the aorta.

The exact cause of thoracic aortic aneurysms is not fully understood, but several factors can contribute to their development, including:

* Atherosclerosis (hardening and narrowing of the arteries)
* High blood pressure
* Genetic disorders such as Marfan syndrome or Ehlers-Danlos syndrome
* Infections or inflammation of the aorta
* Trauma to the chest

Thoracic aortic aneurysms can be asymptomatic and found incidentally on imaging studies, or they may present with symptoms such as chest pain, cough, difficulty swallowing, or hoarseness. If left untreated, thoracic aortic aneurysms can lead to serious complications, including aortic dissection (tearing of the inner layer of the aorta) or rupture, which can be life-threatening.

Treatment options for thoracic aortic aneurysms include medical management with blood pressure control and cholesterol-lowering medications, as well as surgical repair or endovascular stenting, depending on the size, location, and growth rate of the aneurysm. Regular follow-up imaging is necessary to monitor the size and progression of the aneurysm over time.

Blood vessel prosthesis implantation is a surgical procedure in which an artificial blood vessel, also known as a vascular graft or prosthetic graft, is inserted into the body to replace a damaged or diseased native blood vessel. The prosthetic graft can be made from various materials such as Dacron (polyester), PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene), or bovine/human tissue.

The implantation of a blood vessel prosthesis is typically performed to treat conditions that cause narrowing or blockage of the blood vessels, such as atherosclerosis, aneurysms, or traumatic injuries. The procedure may be used to bypass blocked arteries in the legs (peripheral artery disease), heart (coronary artery bypass surgery), or neck (carotid endarterectomy). It can also be used to replace damaged veins for hemodialysis access in patients with kidney failure.

The success of blood vessel prosthesis implantation depends on various factors, including the patient's overall health, the location and extent of the vascular disease, and the type of graft material used. Possible complications include infection, bleeding, graft thrombosis (clotting), and graft failure, which may require further surgical intervention or endovascular treatments.

Nonpenetrating wounds are a type of trauma or injury to the body that do not involve a break in the skin or underlying tissues. These wounds can result from blunt force trauma, such as being struck by an object or falling onto a hard surface. They can also result from crushing injuries, where significant force is applied to a body part, causing damage to internal structures without breaking the skin.

Nonpenetrating wounds can cause a range of injuries, including bruising, swelling, and damage to internal organs, muscles, bones, and other tissues. The severity of the injury depends on the force of the trauma, the location of the impact, and the individual's overall health and age.

While nonpenetrating wounds may not involve a break in the skin, they can still be serious and require medical attention. If you have experienced blunt force trauma or suspect a nonpenetrating wound, it is important to seek medical care to assess the extent of the injury and receive appropriate treatment.

Thoracic injuries refer to damages or traumas that occur in the thorax, which is the part of the body that contains the chest cavity. The thorax houses vital organs such as the heart, lungs, esophagus, trachea, and major blood vessels. Thoracic injuries can range from blunt trauma, caused by impacts or compressions, to penetrating trauma, resulting from stabbing or gunshot wounds. These injuries may cause various complications, including but not limited to:

1. Hemothorax - bleeding into the chest cavity
2. Pneumothorax - collapsed lung due to air accumulation in the chest cavity
3. Tension pneumothorax - a life-threatening condition where trapped air puts pressure on the heart and lungs, impairing their function
4. Cardiac tamponade - compression of the heart caused by blood or fluid accumulation in the pericardial sac
5. Rib fractures, which can lead to complications like punctured lungs or internal bleeding
6. Tracheobronchial injuries, causing air leaks and difficulty breathing
7. Great vessel injuries, potentially leading to massive hemorrhage and hemodynamic instability

Immediate medical attention is required for thoracic injuries, as they can quickly become life-threatening due to the vital organs involved. Treatment may include surgery, chest tubes, medications, or supportive care, depending on the severity and type of injury.

An aortic aneurysm is a medical condition characterized by the abnormal widening or bulging of the wall of the aorta, which is the largest artery in the body. The aorta carries oxygenated blood from the heart to the rest of the body. When the aortic wall weakens, it can stretch and balloon out, forming an aneurysm.

Aortic aneurysms can occur anywhere along the aorta but are most commonly found in the abdominal section (abdominal aortic aneurysm) or the chest area (thoracic aortic aneurysm). The size and location of the aneurysm, as well as the patient's overall health, determine the risk of rupture and associated complications.

Aneurysms often do not cause symptoms until they become large or rupture. Symptoms may include:

* Pain in the chest, back, or abdomen
* Pulsating sensation in the abdomen
* Difficulty breathing
* Hoarseness
* Coughing or vomiting

Risk factors for aortic aneurysms include age, smoking, high blood pressure, family history, and certain genetic conditions. Treatment options depend on the size and location of the aneurysm and may include monitoring, medication, or surgical repair.

A splenic rupture is a medical condition characterized by a tear or complete breakage in the spleen, leading to the release of blood into the abdominal cavity. The spleen is a soft, fist-shaped organ located in the upper left part of the abdomen, which plays an essential role in filtering the blood and fighting infections.

Splenic rupture can occur as a result of trauma, such as a car accident or a direct blow to the abdomen, or it may develop spontaneously due to underlying medical conditions, such as cancer, infection, or inflammatory diseases. The severity of the rupture can vary from a small tear to a complete shattering of the spleen, leading to significant bleeding and potentially life-threatening complications.

Symptoms of splenic rupture may include sudden, severe pain in the left upper abdomen or shoulder, lightheadedness, dizziness, shortness of breath, rapid heartbeat, and decreased blood pressure. If left untreated, a splenic rupture can lead to shock, organ failure, and even death. Treatment typically involves surgery to remove the spleen (splenectomy) or repair the damage, followed by close monitoring and supportive care to manage any complications.

The thoracic aorta is the segment of the largest artery in the human body (the aorta) that runs through the chest region (thorax). The thoracic aorta begins at the aortic arch, where it branches off from the ascending aorta, and extends down to the diaphragm, where it becomes the abdominal aorta.

The thoracic aorta is divided into three parts: the ascending aorta, the aortic arch, and the descending aorta. The ascending aorta rises from the left ventricle of the heart and is about 2 inches (5 centimeters) long. The aortic arch curves backward and to the left, giving rise to the brachiocephalic trunk, the left common carotid artery, and the left subclavian artery. The descending thoracic aorta runs downward through the chest, passing through the diaphragm to become the abdominal aorta.

The thoracic aorta supplies oxygenated blood to the upper body, including the head, neck, arms, and chest. It plays a critical role in maintaining blood flow and pressure throughout the body.

A heart rupture, also known as cardiac rupture, is a serious and life-threatening condition that occurs when there is a tear or hole in the muscle wall of the heart. This can happen as a result of a severe injury to the heart, such as from a car accident or a fall, or it can occur as a complication of a heart attack.

During a heart attack, blood flow to a portion of the heart is blocked, causing the heart muscle to become damaged and die. If the damage is extensive, the weakened heart muscle may rupture, leading to bleeding into the pericardial sac (the space surrounding the heart) or into one of the heart chambers.

A heart rupture can cause sudden cardiac arrest and death if not treated immediately. Symptoms of a heart rupture may include chest pain, shortness of breath, rapid heartbeat, and loss of consciousness. Treatment typically involves emergency surgery to repair or replace the damaged portion of the heart.

Aortitis is a medical condition characterized by inflammation of the aorta, which is the largest artery in the body that carries oxygenated blood from the heart to the rest of the body. The inflammation can cause damage to the aortic wall, leading to weakening, bulging (aneurysm), or tearing (dissection) of the aorta. Aortitis can be caused by various conditions, including infections, autoimmune diseases, and certain medications. It is essential to diagnose and treat aortitis promptly to prevent serious complications.

An abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a localized dilatation or bulging of the abdominal aorta, which is the largest artery in the body that supplies oxygenated blood to the trunk and lower extremities. Normally, the diameter of the abdominal aorta measures about 2 centimeters (cm) in adults. However, when the diameter of the aorta exceeds 3 cm, it is considered an aneurysm.

AAA can occur anywhere along the length of the abdominal aorta, but it most commonly occurs below the renal arteries and above the iliac bifurcation. The exact cause of AAA remains unclear, but several risk factors have been identified, including smoking, hypertension, advanced age, male gender, family history, and certain genetic disorders such as Marfan syndrome and Ehlers-Danlos syndrome.

The main concern with AAA is the risk of rupture, which can lead to life-threatening internal bleeding. The larger the aneurysm, the greater the risk of rupture. Symptoms of AAA may include abdominal or back pain, a pulsating mass in the abdomen, or symptoms related to compression of surrounding structures such as the kidneys, ureters, or nerves. However, many AAAs are asymptomatic and are discovered incidentally during imaging studies performed for other reasons.

Diagnosis of AAA typically involves imaging tests such as ultrasound, computed tomography (CT) scan, or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Treatment options depend on the size and location of the aneurysm, as well as the patient's overall health status. Small AAAs that are not causing symptoms may be monitored with regular imaging studies to assess for growth. Larger AAAs or those that are growing rapidly may require surgical repair, either through open surgery or endovascular repair using a stent graft.

A blood vessel prosthesis is a medical device that is used as a substitute for a damaged or diseased natural blood vessel. It is typically made of synthetic materials such as polyester, Dacron, or ePTFE (expanded polytetrafluoroethylene) and is designed to mimic the function of a native blood vessel by allowing the flow of blood through it.

Blood vessel prostheses are used in various surgical procedures, including coronary artery bypass grafting, peripheral arterial reconstruction, and the creation of arteriovenous fistulas for dialysis access. The choice of material and size of the prosthesis depends on several factors, such as the location and diameter of the vessel being replaced, the patient's age and overall health status, and the surgeon's preference.

It is important to note that while blood vessel prostheses can be effective in restoring blood flow, they may also carry risks such as infection, thrombosis (blood clot formation), and graft failure over time. Therefore, careful patient selection, surgical technique, and postoperative management are crucial for the success of these procedures.

Uterine rupture is a serious obstetrical complication characterized by the disruption or tearing of all layers of the uterine wall, including the serosa (outer covering), myometrium (middle layer of muscle), and endometrium (inner lining). This can occur during pregnancy, labor, or delivery. In some cases, it may also involve the rupture of the adjacent structures such as bladder or broad ligament. Uterine rupture is a medical emergency that requires immediate surgical intervention to prevent maternal and fetal mortality or morbidity.

The symptoms of uterine rupture might include severe abdominal pain, vaginal bleeding, loss of fetal heart rate, changes in the mother's vital signs, and shock. The risk factors for uterine rupture include previous cesarean delivery, grand multiparity (having given birth to five or more pregnancies), use of labor-inducing drugs like oxytocin, and instrumental deliveries with vacuum extractors or forceps.

The management of uterine rupture typically involves an emergency laparotomy (open abdominal surgery) to repair the tear and stop any bleeding. In some cases, a hysterectomy (removal of the uterus) may be necessary if the damage is too severe or if there are other complications. The prognosis for both mother and baby depends on various factors like the extent of the injury, timeliness of treatment, and the overall health status of the patient before the event.

A stent is a small mesh tube that's used to treat narrow or weak arteries. Arteries are blood vessels that carry blood away from your heart to other parts of your body. A stent is placed in an artery as part of a procedure called angioplasty. Angioplasty restores blood flow through narrowed or blocked arteries by inflating a tiny balloon inside the blocked artery to widen it.

The stent is then inserted into the widened artery to keep it open. The stent is usually made of metal, but some are coated with medication that is slowly and continuously released to help prevent the formation of scar tissue in the artery. This can reduce the chance of the artery narrowing again.

Stents are also used in other parts of the body, such as the neck (carotid artery) and kidneys (renal artery), to help maintain blood flow and prevent blockages. They can also be used in the urinary system to treat conditions like ureteropelvic junction obstruction or narrowing of the urethra.

X-ray computed tomography (CT or CAT scan) is a medical imaging method that uses computer-processed combinations of many X-ray images taken from different angles to produce cross-sectional (tomographic) images (virtual "slices") of the body. These cross-sectional images can then be used to display detailed internal views of organs, bones, and soft tissues in the body.

The term "computed tomography" is used instead of "CT scan" or "CAT scan" because the machines take a series of X-ray measurements from different angles around the body and then use a computer to process these data to create detailed images of internal structures within the body.

CT scanning is a noninvasive, painless medical test that helps physicians diagnose and treat medical conditions. CT imaging provides detailed information about many types of tissue including lung, bone, soft tissue and blood vessels. CT examinations can be performed on every part of the body for a variety of reasons including diagnosis, surgical planning, and monitoring of therapeutic responses.

In computed tomography (CT), an X-ray source and detector rotate around the patient, measuring the X-ray attenuation at many different angles. A computer uses this data to construct a cross-sectional image by the process of reconstruction. This technique is called "tomography". The term "computed" refers to the use of a computer to reconstruct the images.

CT has become an important tool in medical imaging and diagnosis, allowing radiologists and other physicians to view detailed internal images of the body. It can help identify many different medical conditions including cancer, heart disease, lung nodules, liver tumors, and internal injuries from trauma. CT is also commonly used for guiding biopsies and other minimally invasive procedures.

In summary, X-ray computed tomography (CT or CAT scan) is a medical imaging technique that uses computer-processed combinations of many X-ray images taken from different angles to produce cross-sectional images of the body. It provides detailed internal views of organs, bones, and soft tissues in the body, allowing physicians to diagnose and treat medical conditions.

A false aneurysm, also known as a pseudoaneurysm, is a type of aneurysm that occurs when there is a leakage or rupture of blood from a blood vessel into the surrounding tissues, creating a pulsating hematoma or collection of blood. Unlike true aneurysms, which involve a localized dilation or bulging of the blood vessel wall, false aneurysms do not have a complete covering of all three layers of the arterial wall (intima, media, and adventitia). Instead, they are typically covered by only one or two layers, such as the intima and adventitia, or by surrounding tissues like connective tissue or fascia.

False aneurysms can result from various factors, including trauma, infection, iatrogenic causes (such as medical procedures), or degenerative changes in the blood vessel wall. They are more common in arteries than veins and can occur in any part of the body. If left untreated, false aneurysms can lead to serious complications such as rupture, thrombosis, distal embolization, or infection. Treatment options for false aneurysms include surgical repair, endovascular procedures, or observation with regular follow-up imaging.

Aortic diseases refer to conditions that affect the aorta, which is the largest and main artery in the body. The aorta carries oxygenated blood from the heart to the rest of the body. Aortic diseases can weaken or damage the aorta, leading to various complications. Here are some common aortic diseases with their medical definitions:

1. Aortic aneurysm: A localized dilation or bulging of the aortic wall, which can occur in any part of the aorta but is most commonly found in the abdominal aorta (abdominal aortic aneurysm) or the thoracic aorta (thoracic aortic aneurysm). Aneurysms can increase the risk of rupture, leading to life-threatening bleeding.
2. Aortic dissection: A separation of the layers of the aortic wall due to a tear in the inner lining, allowing blood to flow between the layers and potentially cause the aorta to rupture. This is a medical emergency that requires immediate treatment.
3. Aortic stenosis: A narrowing of the aortic valve opening, which restricts blood flow from the heart to the aorta. This can lead to shortness of breath, chest pain, and other symptoms. Severe aortic stenosis may require surgical or transcatheter intervention to replace or repair the aortic valve.
4. Aortic regurgitation: Also known as aortic insufficiency, this condition occurs when the aortic valve does not close properly, allowing blood to leak back into the heart. This can lead to symptoms such as fatigue, shortness of breath, and palpitations. Treatment may include medication or surgical repair or replacement of the aortic valve.
5. Aortitis: Inflammation of the aorta, which can be caused by various conditions such as infections, autoimmune diseases, or vasculitides. Aortitis can lead to aneurysms, dissections, or stenosis and may require medical treatment with immunosuppressive drugs or surgical intervention.
6. Marfan syndrome: A genetic disorder that affects the connective tissue, including the aorta. People with Marfan syndrome are at risk of developing aortic aneurysms and dissections, and may require close monitoring and prophylactic surgery to prevent complications.

Vascular surgical procedures are operations that are performed to treat conditions and diseases related to the vascular system, which includes the arteries, veins, and capillaries. These procedures can be invasive or minimally invasive and are often used to treat conditions such as peripheral artery disease, carotid artery stenosis, aortic aneurysms, and venous insufficiency.

Some examples of vascular surgical procedures include:

* Endarterectomy: a procedure to remove plaque buildup from the inside of an artery
* Bypass surgery: creating a new path for blood to flow around a blocked or narrowed artery
* Angioplasty and stenting: using a balloon to open a narrowed artery and placing a stent to keep it open
* Aneurysm repair: surgically repairing an aneurysm, a weakened area in the wall of an artery that has bulged out and filled with blood
* Embolectomy: removing a blood clot from a blood vessel
* Thrombectomy: removing a blood clot from a vein

These procedures are typically performed by vascular surgeons, who are trained in the diagnosis and treatment of vascular diseases.

A medical definition of an ulcer is:

A lesion on the skin or mucous membrane characterized by disintegration of surface epithelium, inflammation, and is associated with the loss of substance below the normal lining. Gastric ulcers and duodenal ulcers are types of peptic ulcers that occur in the gastrointestinal tract.

Another type of ulcer is a venous ulcer, which occurs when there is reduced blood flow from vein insufficiency, usually in the lower leg. This can cause skin damage and lead to an open sore or ulcer.

There are other types of ulcers as well, including decubitus ulcers (also known as pressure sores or bedsores), which are caused by prolonged pressure on the skin.

Post-infarction heart rupture is a serious and potentially fatal complication that can occur after a myocardial infarction (heart attack). It is defined as the disruption or tearing of the heart muscle (myocardium) in the area that was damaged by the heart attack. This condition typically occurs within 1 to 7 days following a heart attack, and it's more common in elderly patients and those with large infarctions.

There are three main types of post-infarction heart rupture:

1. Ventricular free wall rupture: This is the most common type, where there is a tear in the left ventricular wall, leading to rapid bleeding into the pericardial sac (the space surrounding the heart). This can cause cardiac tamponade, which is a life-threatening situation characterized by increased pressure in the pericardial sac, compromising cardiac filling and reducing cardiac output.

2. Ventricular septal rupture: In this case, there is a tear in the interventricular septum (the wall separating the left and right ventricles), leading to a communication between the two chambers. This results in a shunt of blood from the high-pressure left ventricle to the low-pressure right ventricle, causing a sudden increase in pulmonary congestion and reduced systemic output.

3. Papillary muscle rupture: The papillary muscles are finger-like projections that attach the heart valves (mitral and tricuspid) to the ventricular walls. Rupture of these muscles can lead to severe mitral or tricuspid regurgitation, causing acute pulmonary edema and reduced cardiac output.

Symptoms of post-infarction heart rupture may include chest pain, shortness of breath, palpitations, hypotension, tachycardia, and signs of cardiogenic shock (such as cold sweats, weak pulse, and altered mental status). Diagnosis is typically made using echocardiography, CT angiography, or MRI. Treatment usually involves emergency surgical intervention to repair the rupture and stabilize the patient's hemodynamic condition.

A fatal outcome is a term used in medical context to describe a situation where a disease, injury, or illness results in the death of an individual. It is the most severe and unfortunate possible outcome of any medical condition, and is often used as a measure of the severity and prognosis of various diseases and injuries. In clinical trials and research, fatal outcome may be used as an endpoint to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of different treatments or interventions.

Premature rupture of fetal membranes (PROM) is a medical condition that occurs when the amniotic sac, which surrounds and protects the developing fetus, breaks or ruptures prematurely before labor begins. The amniotic sac is made up of two layers of fetal membranes - the inner amnion and the outer chorion.

In a normal pregnancy, the fetal membranes rupture spontaneously during labor as a sign that the delivery process has begun. However, if the membranes rupture before 37 weeks of gestation, it is considered premature rupture of membranes. PROM can lead to complications such as preterm labor, infection, and fetal distress.

PROM can be classified into two types based on the timing of membrane rupture:

1. Preterm Premature Rupture of Membranes (PPROM): When the membranes rupture before 37 weeks of gestation, it is called preterm premature rupture of membranes. PPROM increases the risk of preterm labor and delivery, which can lead to various complications for the newborn, such as respiratory distress syndrome, brain bleeding, and developmental delays.
2. Term Premature Rupture of Membranes (TPROM): When the membranes rupture at or after 37 weeks of gestation, it is called term premature rupture of membranes. TPROM may not necessarily lead to complications if labor begins soon after the membrane rupture and there are no signs of infection. However, if labor does not start within 24 hours of membrane rupture, the risk of infection increases, and the healthcare provider may consider inducing labor or performing a cesarean delivery.

The exact cause of premature rupture of fetal membranes is not always known, but several factors can increase the risk, including previous PROM, bacterial infections, smoking, substance abuse, and trauma to the uterus. Healthcare providers monitor women with PROM closely for signs of infection and preterm labor and may recommend treatments such as antibiotics, corticosteroids, or hospitalization to reduce the risk of complications.

The abdominal aorta is the portion of the aorta, which is the largest artery in the body, that runs through the abdomen. It originates from the thoracic aorta at the level of the diaphragm and descends through the abdomen, where it branches off into several smaller arteries that supply blood to the pelvis, legs, and various abdominal organs. The abdominal aorta is typically divided into four segments: the suprarenal, infrarenal, visceral, and parietal portions. Disorders of the abdominal aorta can include aneurysms, atherosclerosis, and dissections, which can have serious consequences if left untreated.

Traffic accidents are incidents that occur when a vehicle collides with another vehicle, a pedestrian, an animal, or a stationary object, resulting in damage or injury. These accidents can be caused by various factors such as driver error, distracted driving, drunk driving, speeding, reckless driving, poor road conditions, and adverse weather conditions. Traffic accidents can range from minor fender benders to severe crashes that result in serious injuries or fatalities. They are a significant public health concern and cause a substantial burden on healthcare systems, emergency services, and society as a whole.

Minimally invasive surgical procedures are a type of surgery that is performed with the assistance of specialized equipment and techniques to minimize trauma to the patient's body. This approach aims to reduce blood loss, pain, and recovery time as compared to traditional open surgeries. The most common minimally invasive surgical procedure is laparoscopy, which involves making small incisions (usually 0.5-1 cm) in the abdomen or chest and inserting a thin tube with a camera (laparoscope) to visualize the internal organs.

The surgeon then uses long, slender instruments inserted through separate incisions to perform the necessary surgical procedures, such as cutting, coagulation, or suturing. Other types of minimally invasive surgical procedures include arthroscopy (for joint surgery), thoracoscopy (for chest surgery), and hysteroscopy (for uterine surgery). The benefits of minimally invasive surgical procedures include reduced postoperative pain, shorter hospital stays, quicker return to normal activities, and improved cosmetic results. However, not all surgeries can be performed using minimally invasive techniques, and the suitability of a particular procedure depends on various factors, including the patient's overall health, the nature and extent of the surgical problem, and the surgeon's expertise.

A hematoma is defined as a localized accumulation of blood in a tissue, organ, or body space caused by a break in the wall of a blood vessel. This can result from various causes such as trauma, surgery, or certain medical conditions that affect coagulation. The severity and size of a hematoma may vary depending on the location and extent of the bleeding. Symptoms can include swelling, pain, bruising, and decreased mobility in the affected area. Treatment options depend on the size and location of the hematoma but may include observation, compression, ice, elevation, or in some cases, surgical intervention.

Endovascular procedures are minimally invasive medical treatments that involve accessing and repairing blood vessels or other interior parts of the body through small incisions or punctures. These procedures typically use specialized catheters, wires, and other tools that are inserted into the body through an artery or vein, usually in the leg or arm.

Endovascular procedures can be used to treat a wide range of conditions, including aneurysms, atherosclerosis, peripheral artery disease, carotid artery stenosis, and other vascular disorders. Some common endovascular procedures include angioplasty, stenting, embolization, and thrombectomy.

The benefits of endovascular procedures over traditional open surgery include smaller incisions, reduced trauma to surrounding tissues, faster recovery times, and lower risks of complications such as infection and bleeding. However, endovascular procedures may not be appropriate for all patients or conditions, and careful evaluation and consideration are necessary to determine the best treatment approach.

Spontaneous rupture in medical terms refers to the sudden breaking or tearing of an organ, tissue, or structure within the body without any identifiable trauma or injury. This event can occur due to various reasons such as weakening of the tissue over time because of disease or degeneration, or excessive pressure on the tissue.

For instance, a spontaneous rupture of the appendix is called an "appendiceal rupture," which can lead to peritonitis, a serious inflammation of the abdominal cavity. Similarly, a spontaneous rupture of a blood vessel, like an aortic aneurysm, can result in life-threatening internal bleeding.

Spontaneous ruptures are often medical emergencies and require immediate medical attention for proper diagnosis and treatment.

Treatment outcome is a term used to describe the result or effect of medical treatment on a patient's health status. It can be measured in various ways, such as through symptoms improvement, disease remission, reduced disability, improved quality of life, or survival rates. The treatment outcome helps healthcare providers evaluate the effectiveness of a particular treatment plan and make informed decisions about future care. It is also used in clinical research to compare the efficacy of different treatments and improve patient care.

A reoperation is a surgical procedure that is performed again on a patient who has already undergone a previous operation for the same or related condition. Reoperations may be required due to various reasons, such as inadequate initial treatment, disease recurrence, infection, or complications from the first surgery. The nature and complexity of a reoperation can vary widely depending on the specific circumstances, but it often carries higher risks and potential complications compared to the original operation.

An acute disease is a medical condition that has a rapid onset, develops quickly, and tends to be short in duration. Acute diseases can range from minor illnesses such as a common cold or flu, to more severe conditions such as pneumonia, meningitis, or a heart attack. These types of diseases often have clear symptoms that are easy to identify, and they may require immediate medical attention or treatment.

Acute diseases are typically caused by an external agent or factor, such as a bacterial or viral infection, a toxin, or an injury. They can also be the result of a sudden worsening of an existing chronic condition. In general, acute diseases are distinct from chronic diseases, which are long-term medical conditions that develop slowly over time and may require ongoing management and treatment.

Examples of acute diseases include:

* Acute bronchitis: a sudden inflammation of the airways in the lungs, often caused by a viral infection.
* Appendicitis: an inflammation of the appendix that can cause severe pain and requires surgical removal.
* Gastroenteritis: an inflammation of the stomach and intestines, often caused by a viral or bacterial infection.
* Migraine headaches: intense headaches that can last for hours or days, and are often accompanied by nausea, vomiting, and sensitivity to light and sound.
* Myocardial infarction (heart attack): a sudden blockage of blood flow to the heart muscle, often caused by a buildup of plaque in the coronary arteries.
* Pneumonia: an infection of the lungs that can cause coughing, chest pain, and difficulty breathing.
* Sinusitis: an inflammation of the sinuses, often caused by a viral or bacterial infection.

It's important to note that while some acute diseases may resolve on their own with rest and supportive care, others may require medical intervention or treatment to prevent complications and promote recovery. If you are experiencing symptoms of an acute disease, it is always best to seek medical attention to ensure proper diagnosis and treatment.

Retrospective studies, also known as retrospective research or looking back studies, are a type of observational study that examines data from the past to draw conclusions about possible causal relationships between risk factors and outcomes. In these studies, researchers analyze existing records, medical charts, or previously collected data to test a hypothesis or answer a specific research question.

Retrospective studies can be useful for generating hypotheses and identifying trends, but they have limitations compared to prospective studies, which follow participants forward in time from exposure to outcome. Retrospective studies are subject to biases such as recall bias, selection bias, and information bias, which can affect the validity of the results. Therefore, retrospective studies should be interpreted with caution and used primarily to generate hypotheses for further testing in prospective studies.

A ruptured aneurysm is a serious medical condition that occurs when the wall of an artery or a blood vessel weakens and bulges out, forming an aneurysm, which then bursts, causing bleeding into the surrounding tissue. This can lead to internal hemorrhage, organ damage, and even death, depending on the location and severity of the rupture.

Ruptured aneurysms are often caused by factors such as high blood pressure, smoking, aging, and genetic predisposition. They can occur in any part of the body but are most common in the aorta (the largest artery in the body) and the cerebral arteries (in the brain).

Symptoms of a ruptured aneurysm may include sudden and severe pain, weakness or paralysis, difficulty breathing, confusion, loss of consciousness, and shock. Immediate medical attention is required to prevent further complications and increase the chances of survival. Treatment options for a ruptured aneurysm may include surgery, endovascular repair, or medication to manage symptoms and prevent further bleeding.

The aorta is the largest artery in the human body, which originates from the left ventricle of the heart and carries oxygenated blood to the rest of the body. It can be divided into several parts, including the ascending aorta, aortic arch, and descending aorta. The ascending aorta gives rise to the coronary arteries that supply blood to the heart muscle. The aortic arch gives rise to the brachiocephalic, left common carotid, and left subclavian arteries, which supply blood to the head, neck, and upper extremities. The descending aorta travels through the thorax and abdomen, giving rise to various intercostal, visceral, and renal arteries that supply blood to the chest wall, organs, and kidneys.

In the field of medicine, "time factors" refer to the duration of symptoms or time elapsed since the onset of a medical condition, which can have significant implications for diagnosis and treatment. Understanding time factors is crucial in determining the progression of a disease, evaluating the effectiveness of treatments, and making critical decisions regarding patient care.

For example, in stroke management, "time is brain," meaning that rapid intervention within a specific time frame (usually within 4.5 hours) is essential to administering tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), a clot-busting drug that can minimize brain damage and improve patient outcomes. Similarly, in trauma care, the "golden hour" concept emphasizes the importance of providing definitive care within the first 60 minutes after injury to increase survival rates and reduce morbidity.

Time factors also play a role in monitoring the progression of chronic conditions like diabetes or heart disease, where regular follow-ups and assessments help determine appropriate treatment adjustments and prevent complications. In infectious diseases, time factors are crucial for initiating antibiotic therapy and identifying potential outbreaks to control their spread.

Overall, "time factors" encompass the significance of recognizing and acting promptly in various medical scenarios to optimize patient outcomes and provide effective care.

A stomach rupture, also known as gastrointestinal perforation, is a serious and potentially life-threatening condition that occurs when there is a hole or tear in the lining of the stomach. This can allow the contents of the stomach to leak into the abdominal cavity, causing inflammation and infection (peritonitis).

Stomach rupture can be caused by several factors, including trauma, severe gastritis or ulcers, tumors, or certain medical procedures. Symptoms may include sudden and severe abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, fever, and decreased bowel sounds. If left untreated, stomach rupture can lead to sepsis, organ failure, and even death. Treatment typically involves surgery to repair the perforation and antibiotics to treat any resulting infection.

Tendon injuries, also known as tendinopathies, refer to the damage or injury of tendons, which are strong bands of tissue that connect muscles to bones. Tendon injuries typically occur due to overuse or repetitive motion, causing micro-tears in the tendon fibers. The most common types of tendon injuries include tendinitis, which is inflammation of the tendon, and tendinosis, which is degeneration of the tendon's collagen.

Tendon injuries can cause pain, swelling, stiffness, and limited mobility in the affected area. The severity of the injury can vary from mild discomfort to severe pain that makes it difficult to move the affected joint. Treatment for tendon injuries may include rest, ice, compression, elevation (RICE) therapy, physical therapy, medication, or in some cases, surgery. Preventing tendon injuries involves warming up properly before exercise, using proper form and technique during physical activity, gradually increasing the intensity and duration of workouts, and taking regular breaks to rest and recover.

Follow-up studies are a type of longitudinal research that involve repeated observations or measurements of the same variables over a period of time, in order to understand their long-term effects or outcomes. In medical context, follow-up studies are often used to evaluate the safety and efficacy of medical treatments, interventions, or procedures.

In a typical follow-up study, a group of individuals (called a cohort) who have received a particular treatment or intervention are identified and then followed over time through periodic assessments or data collection. The data collected may include information on clinical outcomes, adverse events, changes in symptoms or functional status, and other relevant measures.

The results of follow-up studies can provide important insights into the long-term benefits and risks of medical interventions, as well as help to identify factors that may influence treatment effectiveness or patient outcomes. However, it is important to note that follow-up studies can be subject to various biases and limitations, such as loss to follow-up, recall bias, and changes in clinical practice over time, which must be carefully considered when interpreting the results.

Hemoperitoneum is a medical condition characterized by the presence of blood in the peritoneal cavity, which is the space between the lining of the abdominal wall and the organs within it. This can occur due to various reasons such as trauma, rupture of an abdominal aortic aneurysm, ectopic pregnancy, or other conditions that cause bleeding into the abdomen.

The accumulation of blood in the peritoneal cavity can lead to symptoms such as abdominal pain, tenderness, distension, and hypovolemic shock due to blood loss. Hemoperitoneum is a serious medical condition that requires prompt diagnosis and treatment to prevent further complications.

The Achilles tendon, also known as the calcaneal tendon, is a strong band of tissue that connects the calf muscles to the heel bone (calcaneus). It plays a crucial role in enabling activities such as walking, running, and jumping by facilitating the movement of the foot downward, which is called plantar flexion. Injuries to the Achilles tendon, such as tendinitis or ruptures, can be quite painful and impact mobility.

An intracranial aneurysm is a localized, blood-filled dilation or bulging in the wall of a cerebral artery within the skull (intracranial). These aneurysms typically occur at weak points in the arterial walls, often at branching points where the vessel divides into smaller branches. Over time, the repeated pressure from blood flow can cause the vessel wall to weaken and balloon out, forming a sac-like structure. Intracranial aneurysms can vary in size, ranging from a few millimeters to several centimeters in diameter.

There are three main types of intracranial aneurysms:

1. Saccular (berry) aneurysm: This is the most common type, characterized by a round or oval shape with a narrow neck and a bulging sac. They usually develop at branching points in the arteries due to congenital weaknesses in the vessel wall.
2. Fusiform aneurysm: These aneurysms have a dilated segment along the length of the artery, forming a cigar-shaped or spindle-like structure. They are often caused by atherosclerosis and can affect any part of the cerebral arteries.
3. Dissecting aneurysm: This type occurs when there is a tear in the inner lining (intima) of the artery, allowing blood to flow between the layers of the vessel wall. It can lead to narrowing or complete blockage of the affected artery and may cause subarachnoid hemorrhage if it ruptures.

Intracranial aneurysms can be asymptomatic and discovered incidentally during imaging studies for other conditions. However, when they grow larger or rupture, they can lead to severe complications such as subarachnoid hemorrhage, stroke, or even death. Treatment options include surgical clipping, endovascular coiling, or flow diversion techniques to prevent further growth and potential rupture of the aneurysm.

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The condition can be mimicked by a ruptured cyst of the pericardium, ruptured aortic aneurysm and acute coronary syndrome. ... 2007). "Thoracic aortic aneurysm: direct sign of rupture". Cardiovasc J Afr. 18 (3): 180-1. PMID 17612751. Nishigami K, ... These include aortic dissection, intramural thrombus, and penetrating atherosclerotic aortic ulcer. AAS can be caused by a ... Macura, KJ; Corl FM; Fishman EK; Bluemke DA (1 August 2003). "Pathogenesis in acute aortic syndromes: aortic dissection, ...
a ruptured aortic aneurysm. a ruptured renal aneurysm. acute pancreatitis.[citation needed] malignancy. Retroperitoneal bleeds ... A Clinical Sign of a Forthcoming Life-Threatening Rupture of an Intraparenchymal Aneurysm of Renal Artery (Wunderlich's ...
Mary Wells Ashworth, 89, American historian, aortic rupture. Hans F. Koenekamp, 100, American special effects artist and ...
Rula Quawas, 57, Jordanian feminist academic, aortic rupture. Luis María Ramírez Boettner, 99, Paraguayan lawyer and diplomat, ... Red West, 81, American actor and stuntman (Walking Tall, Road House, The Wild Wild West), aortic aneurysm. Torvild Aakvaag, 90 ...
Viewegh survived a traumatic aortic rupture in 2012. Michal Viewegh was born in Prague on March 31, 1962. His mother is a ... Můj život po životě (My Life After Life), published in 2013, details his recovery from his ruptured aorta. Since the ruptured ... Viewegh said that when he thinks about the fact that 90% of people with a ruptured aorta do not survive, he does not worry ... On December 12, 2012, Viewegh suffered a traumatic aorta rupture. He suffered from depression and memory loss during his ...
Bobsam Elejiko, 30, Nigerian footballer, traumatic aortic rupture. Guido Falaschi, 22, Argentine racing driver, racing accident ... "Hickstead died of ruptured aorta". The Globe and Mail. September 6, 2012. "Hal Kanter dies at 92; Emmy-winning comedy writer, ... Louis Cardinals), aortic aneurysm. H. G. Francis, 75, German science fiction author. Guo Tao, 85, Chinese lieutenant general. ... ruptured aorta. Hal Kanter, 92, American screenwriter, director and producer (Julia), complications from pneumonia. Peretz ...
Manila, 26, American Thoroughbred racehorse, aortic ring rupture. Miguel Serrano, 91, Chilean poet, diplomat and neo-Nazi, ... Spanish) Lux Interior, 62, American singer, songwriter and musician (The Cramps), aortic dissection. Ed Schwartz, 62, American ...
Bruce Beeby, 91, Australian actor (Journey into Space). Thomas Blondeau, 35, Flemish writer and poet, aortic rupture. Jovanka ... Tomoyuki Dan, 50, Japanese actor (Kamen Rider W) and voice actor (Naruto, Mobile Suit Victory Gundam), aortic dissection. ...
Austrian, Robert (April 1, 1957). "Pneumococcal Endocarditis, Meningitis, and Rupture of the Aortic Valve". Archives of ...
In February 2019, Lindholm suddenly died following an aortic rupture. (For Olli Lindholm discography with Yö, refer to the ...
Jón Páll Sigmarsson, 32, Icelandic bodybuilder and strongman, aortic rupture. Đoko Slijepčević, 85, Serbian historian. Svetozar ...
Harris' father died in 1993 after having a aortic rupture. Harris' mother then lived with her for 21 years until her death in ...
The autopsy revealed Dajo had died of an aortic rupture.[better source needed] • «Mirin Dajo. Leben, Glaube, Tod, ...
Sergey Dorenko, 59, Russian journalist and news presenter (Vremya), aortic rupture. Dave Edstrom, 80, American decathlete, Pan ... Andrei Guzienko, 55, Ukrainian footballer (Alga Frunze, Prykarpattya Ivano-Frankivsk, Bukovyna Chernivtsi), ruptured aneurysm. ...
Masakane Yonekura, 80, actor and stage director, abdominal aortic aneurysm rupture. September 4 - Ichirō Satsuki, 95, rōkyoku ...
He died on February 28, 2009, due to "Aortic Ring Rupture". Manila's 1987 Arlington Million "Manila". Racingmuseum.org. 2008-01 ...
It may cause aortic regurgitation, thoracic aortic dissection, aneurysm and rupture. It is often associated with connective ... In tertiary syphilis the aortic root becomes so dilated that the aortic valve becomes incompetent and cor bovinum results. The ... "Orphanet: Familial aortic dissection". Orpha.net. Retrieved 29 May 2019. Elgendy, Azza. "Annuloaortic ectasia , Radiology ... Annuloaortic ectasia is a dilation of the proximal ascending aorta and aortic annulus. ...
Subsequent reports identified aortic rupture as the cause of Dorenko's death. It was reported that Dorenko had been aware of ...
Reinert died on January 24, 2020, due to an aortic rupture. Many artists have cited Reinert as an influence, including Peter ...
Griffin, 85, died from a ruptured aortic aneurysm. She was in rehearsals for a new solo show about Margaret Mitchell that would ...
Cohen, J.R.; Graver, L.M. (November 1995). "The ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm of Albert Einstein". Surgery, Gynecology & ...
Cohen, J. R.; Graver, L. M. (November 1995). "The ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm of Albert Einstein". Surgery, Gynecology ... Einstein experienced internal bleeding caused by the rupture of an abdominal aortic aneurysm, which had previously been ... Albert Einstein Dies in Sleep at 76; World Mourns Loss of Great Scientist, Rupture of Aorta Causes Death, Body Cremated, ... Deaths from abdominal aortic aneurysm, Einstein family, ETH Zurich alumni, Academic staff of ETH Zurich, European democratic ...
Qi Qian; Kianoush B. Kashani; Dylan V. Miller (10 September 2009). "Ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm related to IgG4 ... Satomi Kasashima; Yoh Zen (26 January 2011). "IgG4-related Inflammatory Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm, Spectrum of IgG4-related ...
Aneurysm may also rupture. It is fragile and may burst under stress. The rupture of an aortic aneurysm is a catastrophic, life- ... Inflammatory aortic aneurysm (IAA), also known as Inflammatory abdominal aortic aneurysm (IAAA), is a type of abdominal aortic ... abdominal aortic aneurysm may be caused by an infection or inflammation that weakens a section of the aortic wall. In general, ... "Infected aortic aneurysm and inflammatory aortic aneurysm-In search of an optimal differential diagnosis". Journal of ...
Ruptured aortic sinus (sinus of Valsalva) may present as a continuous murmur. This is an uncommon cause of continuous murmur ... Stenosis of Bicuspid aortic valve is like the aortic valve stenosis heart murmur. But, one may hear a systolic ejection click ... In mild aortic stenosis, the crescendo-decrescendo is early peaking. Whereas in severe aortic stenosis, the crescendo is late- ... Hypothesis is that the mechanism of murmur is from the severe aortic regurgitation. In severe aortic regurgitation the jet ...
On 26 August 2014, Yonekura died of an abdominal aortic aneurysm rupture. He was 80. Brave Records of the Sanada Clan (1963) as ...
Aortic rupture is the rupture or breakage of the aorta, the largest artery in the body. Aortic rupture is a rare, extremely ... The most common cause is an abdominal aortic aneurysm that has ruptured spontaneously. Aortic rupture is distinct from aortic ... Traumatic aortic rupture Aortic rupture secondary to an aortic aneurysm Tearing pain, located in the abdomen, flank, groin, or ... Death The most common cause of aortic rupture is a ruptured aortic aneurysm. Other causes include trauma and iatrogenic ( ...
... are segmental dilatations of the aortic wall that cause the vessel to be larger than 1.5 times its normal diameter or that ... encoded search term (Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Rupture Imaging) and Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Rupture Imaging What to Read Next ... Angiographic findings of abdominal aortic aneurysms rupture include the following:. * Contained rupture: Circumscribed ... Common and uncommon CT findings in rupture and impending rupture of abdominal aortic aneurysms. Clin Radiol. 2013 Sep. 68(9): ...
... Ann Vasc Surg ... As an emergent maneuver, an intra-aortic balloon was percutaneously deployed at the bedside without fluoroscopic guidance. This ...
... Thesis or Dissertation ... Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is defined as a dilatation of the abdominal aorta exceeding the normal diameter by more than 50 ... Thus, there is a need to evaluate the susceptibility of a given AAA to rupture on a patient-specific basis. We present the ... In order to define new geometric features associated with rupture, we performed a case-control study in which we compared 63 ...
A ruptured AAA is among the emergency surgeries with the highest risk of death, with an overall mortality rate close to 90%. ... This report discusses an unusual case involving a previously repaired AAA presenting with acute rupture at the endograft site. ... However, the classic symptom triad for ruptured AAAs of hypotension, a pulsatile mass, and abdominal/back pain is seen in only ... Endovascular repair of an abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a widely accepted alternative to open surgical AAA repair. ...
... endocarditis on a native aortic valve that was complicated by both an aortic root abscess and a contained aortic root rupture, ... IE Complicated by Aortic Root Abscess and Contained Rupture Presenting With Pericarditis and New Pericardial Effusion. Jun 20, ... YOU ARE HERE: Home , Education and Meetings , IE Complicated by Aortic Root Abscess and Contained Rupture Presenting With ... Although the outer aspect of the aortic root did not have frank pus, they identified an area of contained rupture and a walled- ...
After he was told there was nothing his local doctor could do for his ruptured aortic aneurysm, Randy Allgood, 65, of Fairhope ... Pioneering program provides unique treatment option for patient with ruptured aortic aneurysm. Written by: Alexis Shelly , ... meal with his family while staying with his daughter following a procedure to place a branch stent to repair a ruptured aortic ... He also said the risk of a rupture goes up depending on the aneurysms size. Those over 8 centimeters - the size of Allgoods ...
Aortic Wall Inflammation Predicts Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Expansion, Rupture, and Need for Surgical Repair. In: Circulation. ... Aortic Wall Inflammation Predicts Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Expansion, Rupture, and Need for Surgical Repair. Circulation. 2017 ... Aortic Wall Inflammation Predicts Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Expansion, Rupture, and Need for Surgical Repair. / The MA3RS Study ... Aortic Wall Inflammation Predicts Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Expansion, Rupture, and Need for Surgical Repair.. ...
The present study suggests that vitamin D deficiency promotes development of large rupture-prone aortic aneurysms in an ... The present study suggests that vitamin D deficiency promotes development of large rupture-prone aortic aneurysms in an ... The present study suggests that vitamin D deficiency promotes development of large rupture-prone aortic aneurysms in an ... The present study suggests that vitamin D deficiency promotes development of large rupture-prone aortic aneurysms in an ...
Aortic Aneurysm, Ruptured. On-line free medical diagnosis assistant. Ranked list of possible diseases from either several ... Aortic Rupture (Aortic Aneurysm, Ruptured). The tearing or bursting of the wall along any portion of the aorta, such as ... Ranked list of diseases related to "Aortic Rupture"Drugs, active principles and "Aortic Rupture"Medicinal plantsQuestions and ... It may result from the rupture of an aneurysm or it may be due to TRAUMA. ...
2326 Rupture of an abdominal aortic aneurysm after EVAR was defined as having a diagnosis of ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm ... Crude late abdominal aortic aneurysm rupture. Early and late AFX versus each comparator device-Crude five year rupture rates ... Objective To evaluate long term outcomes (reintervention and late rupture of abdominal aortic aneurysm) of aortic endografts in ... Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Device as a Precursor for the Rupture of an Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm. Ann Vasc Surg2019;54:335.e11-4 ...
Tearing of the aortic wall generally associated with profuse internal bleeding. ... Aortic Rupture in Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement.. Blusztein D, Agrawal H. J Invasive Cardiol 2021 Jul;33(7):E575. PMID ... Management of traumatic aortic rupture.. Watanabe K, Fukuda I, Asari Y. Surg Today 2013 Dec;43(12):1339-46. Epub 2013 Jan 23 ... Endovascular treatment for ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm.. Badger S, Forster R, Blair PH, Ellis P, Kee F, Harkin DW. ...
... by ... pdf ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm FIVE: HJ SCHOOLS AND GAMES. pdf ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm the definitive SIX: ... pdf ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm per la tutela e derivate diritto al maggio. pdf ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm the ... Hitler Youth pdf ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm the attenzione. risparmiare Empirical tactics coin-like de pdf ruptured ...
Management Strategies, Adjuncts, and Technical Tips to Facilitate Endovascular Treatment of Ruptured Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms ... Management Strategies, Adjuncts, and Technical Tips to Facilitate Endovascular Treatment of Ruptured Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms ... title = "Management Strategies, Adjuncts, and Technical Tips to Facilitate Endovascular Treatment of Ruptured Abdominal Aortic ... T1 - Management Strategies, Adjuncts, and Technical Tips to Facilitate Endovascular Treatment of Ruptured Abdominal Aortic ...
... for symptomatic severe aortic stenosis in patients deemed to be at high operative risk for conventional surgical aortic valve ... Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) has emerged as an alternative treatment ... Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI), aortic stenosis, balloon aortic valvuloplasty (BAV), aortic annular rupture, ... Eker A, Sozzi FB, Civala F, Bourlon F. Aortic annular rupture during transcatheter aortic valve implantation: safe aortic root ...
The second and third images show the aneurysm progressing from a slow leak to a complete rupture and massive hemorrhage. The ... The first graphic pictures an anterior (front) cut-away view of the abdominal cavity showing the appearance of the aortic ... This medical exhibit depicts an abdominal aortic aneurysm with subsequent fatal rupture using four illustrations. ... Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm with Fatal Rupture - exh5208-nl. Medical Exhibit. Add to my lightbox. Find More Like This. ...
Aortic regurgitation. *Aortic rupture. *Bacterial endocarditis. *Dissecting aortic aneurysm. *Enlargement of the base of the ... The aorta, the main blood vessel that takes blood from the heart to the body may stretch or become weak (called aortic dilation ... Some people may need surgery to replace the aortic root and valve. ...
Here we have presented a case where infective Endocarditis of Aortic Valve lead to Rupture of Sinus of Valsalva into the right ... Aortic Valve Endocarditis Leading to Rupture of Sinus of Valsalva in the right-sided heart chambers is an unusual complication ... Aortic Valve Endocarditis Leading to Rupture of Sinus of Valsalva in the right-sided heart chambers is an unusual complication ... Here we have presented a case where infective Endocarditis of Aortic Valve lead to Rupture of Sinus of Valsalva into the right ...
Here, we present an atypical presentation of ruptured AAA in a 72-year-old healthy male who had brief episode of syncope from ... A high index of clinical suspicion of ruptured AAA should be maintained in elderly patients presenting with history of syncope. ... The diagnosis of ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is often missed as a result of an unusual presentation, resulting in ... The diagnosis of ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is often missed as a result of an unusual presentation, resulting in ...
Repair of ruptured thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm is worthwhile in selected cases. Lookup NU author(s): Professor Gerard ... INTRODUCTION: The risks and benefits of operating on patients with ruptured thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm (TAAA) have not ... The aim of the present study is to report this units experience with operations performed for ruptured TAAA over a 10-year ... were operated for rupture. RESULTS: There were nine survivors (40%). Patients whose preoperative systolic blood pressure ...
Traumatic aortic root rupture leading to acute aortic insufficiency and acute Type A aortic dissection. ... He was found to have aortic root rupture, type A aortic dissection and acute severe aortic insufficiency. The patient underwent ... The patient underwent echocardiography and cardiac CT angiogram for the work up of aortic injury as the patient had new aortic ... surgical aortic valve and root replacement with Bentall procedure with good outcome. ...
Dive into the research topics of Aorto-left Renal Cyst Fistula: A Rare Complication of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Rupture. ... Aorto-left Renal Cyst Fistula: A Rare Complication of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Rupture. ...
Investigation of potential rupture locations for abdominal aortic aneurysms with patient-specific computational fluid dynamic ... However, the practice is questionable based on small AAA rupture and large AAA no rupture cases. Currently, there is no ... Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm (AAA) is a serious clinical condition manifested as dilation of the aorta beyond 50% of the normal ... It is believed that rupture locations are where peak wall stresses act. Hemodynamic forces by the flowing blood such as shear ...
... ... Keywords: abdominal aortic aneurysm rupture, atmospheric pressure, methods, Surgery, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine ... Background: Associations between atmospheric pressure and abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) rupture risk have been reported, but ... and AAA rupture risk. Conclusion: This study failed to support claims that atmospheric pressure causally affects AAA rupture ...
... ... Pre-operative aortic morphology was assessed in a core laboratory. Re-interventions were described by time (0-90 days, 3 months ... the re-interventions after endovascular and open repair of rupture and investigate whether these were associated with aortic ... Methods: 502 patients from the IMPROVE randomised trial (ISRCTN48334791) with repair of rupture started were followed up for re ...
Rupture due to weaking of the aortic wall is the main complication of an AAA and leads to approximately 200,000 deaths annually ... CONCLUSION: Abdominal aortic aneurysm rupture can rarely present due to an acute cerebrovascular accident with altered mental ... Clinically, AAA rupture most frequently presents with abdominal and/or back pain, pulsatile abdominal mass, and hypotension. ... An abdominal CT was ordered which showed a large AAA rupture with a retroperitoneal bleed. The patient was transferred to a ...
Aortic Dissection and Rupture Risk Linked to Cipro Antibiotic. August 09, 2018 By: Irvin Jackson ... Tag Archives: Aortic Aneurysm. * Doxycycline Fails To Prevent Growth of Aortic Aneurysms: Study. May 29, 2020 By: Irvin Jackson ... The design of devices use to treat aortic aneurysms may result in an increased risk of rupture, the FDA warns. ... The findings of a new study indicate that Cipro side effects could increase the risk of aortic aneurysm, aortic dissection and ...
... Background: ... Objectives: We present the distribution of the number of cases with the diagnosis ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm from the ... Ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm represents a life threatening condition imposing prompt diagnostic and surgical treatment. ...
Soccer Journalist Grant Wahl Died from Rupture of Aortic Aneurysm. December 14, 2022. ...
  • citation needed] Aortic ruptures can be repaired surgically via open aortic surgery or using endovascular therapy (EVAR), regardless of cause, just as non-ruptured aortic aneurysms are repaired. (wikipedia.org)
  • Abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) are segmental dilatations of the aortic wall that cause the vessel to be larger than 1.5 times its normal diameter or that cause the distal aorta to exceed 3 cm. (medscape.com)
  • On Dec. 10, Allgood had a stent replacement procedure at Memorial Hermann-Texas Medical Center, one of two options used to treat aortic aneurysms. (uth.edu)
  • CONCLUSIONS: USPIO-enhanced MRI is a novel approach to the identification of aortic wall cellular inflammation in patients with abdominal aortic aneurysms and predicts the rate of aneurysm growth and clinical outcome. (ed.ac.uk)
  • The present study suggests that vitamin D deficiency promotes development of large rupture-prone aortic aneurysms in an experimental model. (edu.au)
  • CCF administration limited both growth and rupture of established aneurysms. (edu.au)
  • Epidemiology and contemporary management of abdominal aortic aneurysms. (nih.gov)
  • Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms (Etiology, Epidemiology, and Natural History). (nih.gov)
  • Walker A, Brenchley J et al (2004) Ultrasound by emergency physicians to detect abdominal aortic aneurysms: a UK case series. (springeropen.com)
  • Hemodynamic forces by the flowing blood such as shear stress are also thought to contribute to the formation of aneurysms leading to rupture. (edu.qa)
  • BACKGROUND: Abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) can present asymptomatically and may be found through routine screening or seen incidentally on imaging. (pcom.edu)
  • A new study warns that the antibiotic doxycycline appears to have no effect on reducing the size of aortic aneurysms. (aboutlawsuits.com)
  • The FDA has expanded warnings about leaks linked to endovascular grafts to multiple devices used to treat abdominal aortic aneurysms. (aboutlawsuits.com)
  • The design of devices use to treat aortic aneurysms may result in an increased risk of rupture, the FDA warns. (aboutlawsuits.com)
  • This is the first known documented case report of prepubertal left coronary sinus rupture with left coronary artery aneurysms with fistulous communication to both the superior vena cava and right superior pulmonary vein, presenting with a continuous murmur. (uwi.edu)
  • Abdominal aortic aneurysms are bulges (dilations) in the wall of the aorta in the part that passes through the abdomen (abdominal aorta). (msdmanuals.com)
  • Abdominal aortic aneurysms typically slowly expand and sometimes rupture. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Aneurysms may cause a pulsing sensation in the abdomen and, when they rupture, cause deep, excruciating pain, low blood pressure, and death. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Overview of Aortic Aneurysms and Aortic Dissection The aorta, which is about 1 inch (2.5 centimeters) in diameter, is the largest artery of the body. (msdmanuals.com)
  • About 20% of abdominal aneurysms eventually rupture. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Smoking is a major risk factor for development of abdominal aortic aneurysms, especially in men. (msdmanuals.com)
  • PURPOSE: To evaluate the outcomes of preserving the internal iliac artery (IIA) with iliac branched devices (IBDs) during acute endovascular repair of ruptured aortoiliac aneurysms. (lu.se)
  • CONCLUSION: IBD is a valid alternative for maintaining the pelvic circulation for endovascular aortic aneurysm repair of ruptured aortoiliac aneurysms. (lu.se)
  • CLINICAL IMPACT: This multicenter study demonstrates that ruptured aortoiliac aneurysms do not necessarily require mandatory occlusion of hypogastric arteries. (lu.se)
  • Aortic rupture is distinct from aortic dissection, which is a tear through the inner wall of the aorta that can block the flow of blood through the aorta to the heart or abdominal organs. (wikipedia.org)
  • Occasional features underlying systemic connective tissue involvement include aortic rupture and arterial dissection, subdural hygroma, insufficiency of cardiac valves, bluish sclerae, bladder diverticula, inguinal or umbilical herniae, and premature rupture of membranes during pregnancy. (nih.gov)
  • Traumatic aortic root rupture leading to acute aortic insufficiency and acute Type A aortic dissection. (authorea.com)
  • He was found to have aortic root rupture, type A aortic dissection and acute severe aortic insufficiency. (authorea.com)
  • The FDA is warning that Levaquin, Cipro, Avelox and similar drugs are linked to an increased risk of aortic dissection. (aboutlawsuits.com)
  • A new study adds to the body of evidence linking antibiotics like Avelox, Cipro and Levaquin to an increased risk of aortic aneurysm and aortic dissection. (aboutlawsuits.com)
  • The findings of a new study indicate that Cipro side effects could increase the risk of aortic aneurysm, aortic dissection and death in those already at increased risk. (aboutlawsuits.com)
  • Aortic dissection and rupture occur in 20-40% of patients with Marfan's syndrome. (uwi.edu)
  • I'm assuming then what you're describing is annular rupture, pericardial effusion, and aortic dissection. (medscape.com)
  • For these peculiarities and the higher rates of paravalvular leak (PVL), new permanent pacemaker (PPM), need for a second transcatheter heart valve (THV), risk of annulus rupture or aortic dissection, and brain injury ( 13 - 15 ) BAV patients have been initially excluded from the randomized trials. (frontiersin.org)
  • Aortic rupture is the rupture or breakage of the aorta, the largest artery in the body. (wikipedia.org)
  • Rupture results from either loss of wall strength to the point at which systemic pressure is greater than wall strength, or external destruction of the wall of the aorta, by a tumor or traumatic means. (wikipedia.org)
  • The bleeding can be retroperitoneal or intraperitoneal, or the rupture can create an aortocaval (between the aorta and inferior vena cava) or aortoenteric (between the aorta and intestine) fistula. (wikipedia.org)
  • citation needed] Prevention of aortic rupture begins with screening for disease of the aorta. (wikipedia.org)
  • If indicated, treatment with EVAR or open repair of the diseased aorta can limit the risk of aortic rupture. (wikipedia.org)
  • Two years earlier, Allgood had been diagnosed with an aortic aneurysm - a dangerous condition where the aorta, the vessel that pumps blood from the heart to the rest of the body, is enlarged. (uth.edu)
  • The aortic root is the direct continuation of the left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) and forms a bridge between the left ventricle and the ascending aorta. (icrjournal.com)
  • The STJ represents the zenith of the aortic root which continues as the ascending aorta. (icrjournal.com)
  • Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm (AAA) is a serious clinical condition manifested as dilation of the aorta beyond 50% of the normal vessel diameter. (edu.qa)
  • When the aorta, the largest blood vessel in the body, shows an abnormal ballooning or enlargement, there is the risk of a potentially fatal rupture. (clevelandclinic.org)
  • Dilatación anormal en forma de globo o de saco en la pared de la aorta torácica descendente. (bvsalud.org)
  • The surface echocardiogram was followed by a transesophageal echocardiogram (TEE) that confirmed the former and identified mild-to-moderate aortic insufficiency but, again, could not identify a vegetation nor any obvious complication of infective endocarditis (IE). (acc.org)
  • Considering that the initial TEE was not confirmatory for IE nor for aortic root abscess, what would have been the best approach to rule out an infection of the aortic root/annulus? (acc.org)
  • The basal ring, frequently referred to as the "aortic annulus" by those involved in TAVI, is a virtual (rather than anatomic) ring found at the insertion point of the basal attachments of the aortic valve leaflets within the LVOT. (icrjournal.com)
  • Annulus rupture after ballon-expandable transcatheter aortic valve implantation. (escardio.org)
  • In order to define new geometric features associated with rupture, we performed a case-control study in which we compared 63 cases with ruptured or symptomatic AAA and 94 controls with asymptomatic AAA. (umontreal.ca)
  • INTRODUCTION: The risks and benefits of operating on patients with ruptured thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm (TAAA) have not been defined. (ncl.ac.uk)
  • We report a case of a compassionate treatment of a ruptured thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm in a 92-year-old patient. (unicampus.it)
  • Computed tomography angiography showed the presence of a thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm with a contained rupture at infrarenal level. (unicampus.it)
  • Clinical and radiologic findings are consistent with a diagnosis of contained AAA rupture with left retroperitoneal hematoma. (medscape.com)
  • This article discusses the causes, mechanisms and diagnosis of aortic annular rupture. (icrjournal.com)
  • The diagnosis of ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is often missed as a result of an unusual presentation, resulting in increased mortality. (springeropen.com)
  • We present the distribution of the number of cases with the diagnosis ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm from the Vascular surgery section in this Institute per years, four years before and four years aft er this date. (romanianjournalcardiology.ro)
  • Risk factors for aneurysm rupture in patients kept under ultrasound surveillance. (wikipedia.org)
  • The most commonly used noninvasive methods to identify abdominal aortic aneurysm are ultrasound and computed tomography. (medscape.com)
  • METHODS: In a prospective multicenter open-label cohort study, 342 patients with abdominal aortic aneurysm (diameter ≥40 mm) were classified by the presence of USPIO enhancement and were monitored with serial ultrasound and clinical follow-up for ≥2 years. (ed.ac.uk)
  • It has been shown that Emergency Physicians can accurately perform aortic ultrasound scans with a relatively short training period [ 2 ]. (springeropen.com)
  • Brown LC, Powell JT (1999) Risk factors for aneurysm rupture in patients kept under ultrasound surveillance. (springeropen.com)
  • Kuhn M, Bonnin RL, Davey MJ et al (2000) Emergency department ultrasound scanning for abdominal aortic aneurysm: accessible, accurate, and advantageous. (springeropen.com)
  • An abdominal ultrasound is one of the primary tests used to find an abdominal aortic aneurysm. (familydoctor.org)
  • If you are having an abdominal ultrasound for an aortic aneurysm, your doctor may have you fast (no food or liquid, except water) for 8 to 12 hours before your test. (familydoctor.org)
  • This narrative review describes the main applications of de la ultrasonografía en ultrasound in anesthesia, ultrasound-guided techniques, and current trends in the perioperative anesthetic management of anestesia the surgical patient. (bvsalud.org)
  • USPIO enhancement was associated with reduced event-free survival for aneurysm rupture or repair ( P =0.0275), all-cause mortality ( P =0.0635), and aneurysm-related mortality ( P =0.0590). (ed.ac.uk)
  • Although uncommon, the high mortality associated with annular rupture mandates careful procedural planning and execution. (icrjournal.com)
  • The mortality of AAA rupture is high, 65-75% of patients die before they arrive at hospital and up to 90% die before they reach the operating room. (springeropen.com)
  • Renal support was life saving in eight of 91 patients operated on in Oxford for ruptured AAA and reduced the 30-day operative mortality rate from a potential 47 per cent to an actual 38 per cent. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Bioprosthetic valve fracture (BVF) was associated with a doubling of in-hospital mortality in patients undergoing valve-in-valve transcatheter aortic valve replacement (ViV TAVR), new registry data show. (medscape.com)
  • Of these, aortic annular rupture is considered to be the most devastating. (icrjournal.com)
  • Advances in pre-procedural screening and patient selection have reduced the incidence of annular rupture. (icrjournal.com)
  • This article is intended to provide a comprehensive review of the predictors, management and clinical outcomes of aortic annular rupture. (icrjournal.com)
  • Aortic annular rupture is among the most devastating of these. (icrjournal.com)
  • Techniques to minimise the risk of annular rupture and therapeutic strategies to improve outcomes in patients that experience this complication will be examined. (icrjournal.com)
  • The area of the aortic root and LVOT adjacent to the basal attachment of the valve leaflets is particularly relevant to a discussion on aortic annular rupture. (icrjournal.com)
  • AAA rupture is an important cause of unheralded deaths in people older than 55 years. (medscape.com)
  • Ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is an important cause of unheralded death in people older then 65 years, making early recognition and intervention vital [ 1 ]. (springeropen.com)
  • Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) is the treatment of choice in patients with symptomatic severe aortic stenosis who are either inoperable or at high risk for conventional surgical aortic valve replacement. (icrjournal.com)
  • Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) has emerged as an alternative treatment for symptomatic severe aortic stenosis in patients deemed to be at high operative risk for conventional surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR). (icrjournal.com)
  • Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) is a well-recognized and established therapy for severe aortic stenosis, with expanding indications toward younger patients with low surgical risk profile. (frontiersin.org)
  • Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) has been widely recognized as a safe and effective treatment for aortic stenosis (AS) in patients who cannot undergo surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR) or are at high or intermediate surgical risk ( 1 - 4 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Participants 20 489 patients treated with four device types used for endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm repair (EVAR): 40.6% (n=8310) received the Excluder (Gore), 32.2% (n=6606) the Endurant (Medtronic), 16.0% (n=3281) the Zenith (Cook Medical), and 11.2% (n=2292) the AFX (Endologix). (bmj.com)
  • Conclusions The linked registry claims surveillance data identified a device specific risk in long term reintervention after EVAR of abdominal aortic aneurysm. (bmj.com)
  • Amputation, an uncommon re-intervention but that most feared by patients, occurred in 12 patients after open repair and 1 patient after EVAR within 1 year after rupture across 3 trials, with metayielding an odds ratio 0.2 [95%CI 0.05,0.88]. (le.ac.uk)
  • Conclusions: The rate of midterm re-interventions after rupture is more than double that after elective repair for both EVAR and open repair, suggesting the need for bespoke surveillance protocols. (le.ac.uk)
  • Clinical and imaging surveillance practices following endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) for intact abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) vary considerably and compliance with recommended lifelong surveillance is poor. (cam.ac.uk)
  • 785 patients from the EVAR trials were included of which 155 (20%) suffered at least one rupture or RPR during follow-up. (cam.ac.uk)
  • Our patient was subsequently diagnosed with acute aortic valve endocarditis on a native aortic valve that was complicated by both an aortic root abscess and a contained aortic root rupture, leading to hemorrhagic pericarditis. (acc.org)
  • CONCLUSION: Abdominal aortic aneurysm rupture can rarely present due to an acute cerebrovascular accident with altered mental status and focal neurologic deficits. (pcom.edu)
  • Haemofiltration and haemodialysis for acute renal failure after surgery for ruptured aortic aneurysm is clinically justified and results in the long-term survival of most patients. (ox.ac.uk)
  • MATERIAL AND METHODS: This is a multicenter retrospective review of all consecutive patients undergoing acute endovascular repair of ruptured aortoiliac aneurysm with an IBD at 8 aortic centers between December 2012 and June 2020. (lu.se)
  • Others at risk for an aortic aneurysm include people who are white, have a family history of a thickening of artery walls, have high blood pressure, have had an aneurysm in another artery, or are severely obese. (familydoctor.org)
  • An aortic occlusion balloon can be placed to stabilize the patient and prevent further blood loss prior to the induction of anesthesia. (wikipedia.org)
  • Aortic Valve Endocarditis Leading to Rupture of Sinus of Valsalva in the right-sided heart chambers is an unusual complication. (qscience.com)
  • Rupture due to weaking of the aortic wall is the main complication of an AAA and leads to approximately 200,000 deaths annually worldwide. (pcom.edu)
  • Abstract Over a 3-year period haemofiltration and dialysis was provided for 18 patients who developed renal failure after operation for ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). (ox.ac.uk)
  • Dmax lacks sensitivity for rupture risk, especially among smaller AAAs. (umontreal.ca)
  • Currently, there is no accepted technique to quantify the risk of rupture for individual AAAs. (edu.qa)
  • Expected Results: Findings from this project will contribute significantly to understanding the biomechanics and mechanobiology of AAA rupture and will help to establish a computational modeling approach for rupture risk assessment of AAAs. (edu.qa)
  • 1 Most AAAs are asymptomatic until they rupture. (uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org)
  • In Advanced Endovascular Therapy of Aortic Disease (pp. 181-185). (elsevierpure.com)
  • As bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) affects ~1-2% of the population, it may be speculated that an increasing number of patients with degenerated BAV may eventually need TAVI during the course of the disease. (frontiersin.org)
  • Peculiar features such as larger dimensions of the aortic valve components, higher calcium burden, presence of a heavily calcified raphe, and associated aortopathy represent some pitfalls when treating BAV patients with TAVI. (frontiersin.org)
  • This medical exhibit depicts an abdominal aortic aneurysm with subsequent fatal rupture using four illustrations. (doereport.com)
  • The patient underwent echocardiography and cardiac CT angiogram for the work up of aortic injury as the patient had new aortic regurgitation murmur, troponin rise and RBBB. (authorea.com)
  • The most common cause is an abdominal aortic aneurysm that has ruptured spontaneously. (wikipedia.org)
  • These can continue to expand and rupture spontaneously, exsanguinate, and cause death. (medscape.com)
  • An aortic rupture can be classified according to its cause into one of the following main types: Traumatic aortic rupture Aortic rupture secondary to an aortic aneurysm Tearing pain, located in the abdomen, flank, groin, or back Loss of consciousness Low blood pressure from hypovolemic shock Fast heart rate Blue discoloration of the skin Altered mental status Bruising of the flank, a sign of retroperitoneal bleeding. (wikipedia.org)
  • Aortic Wall Inflammation Predicts Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Expansion, Rupture, and Need for Surgical Repair. (ed.ac.uk)
  • Dive into the research topics of 'Aortic Wall Inflammation Predicts Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Expansion, Rupture, and Need for Surgical Repair. (ed.ac.uk)
  • Randy Allgood, 65, of Fairhope, Alabama was able to enjoy a home-cooked meal with his family while staying with his daughter following a procedure to place a branch stent to repair a ruptured aortic aneurysm. (uth.edu)
  • The decision to use a less invasive stent procedure for Allgood was based on several factors, including his age, previous medical history, the anatomy of the aneurysm and the rupture. (uth.edu)
  • Current Evidence on Management of Aortic Stent-graft Infection: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. (nih.gov)
  • An abdominal CT was ordered which showed a large AAA rupture with a retroperitoneal bleed. (pcom.edu)
  • Objectives: To describe the re-interventions after endovascular and open repair of rupture and investigate whether these were associated with aortic morphology. (le.ac.uk)
  • Pre-operative aortic morphology was assessed in a core laboratory. (le.ac.uk)
  • This study developed a dynamic prognostic model to enable stratification of patients at risk of future secondary rupture or rupture preventing re-intervention (RPR) to enable the development of personalised surveillance intervals. (cam.ac.uk)
  • Secondary sac growth is an important predictor of rupture or RPR. (cam.ac.uk)
  • Swedish researchers say the risk of misdiagnosis may make abdominal aortic aneurysm screening more harmful than beneficial. (aboutlawsuits.com)
  • Currently, the main predictors of rupture risk are the Dmax, sex, and the expansion rate of the aneurysm. (umontreal.ca)
  • Our preliminary results suggest that incorporating geometrical indices obtained by segmentation of CT shows a trend toward improvement of the classification accuracy of AAA with high rupture risk at CT over a traditional model based on Dmax and sex alone. (umontreal.ca)
  • Addition of flow and biomechanical simulations should be investigated to improve rupture risk prediction based on AAA modeling. (umontreal.ca)
  • He also said the risk of a rupture goes up depending on the aneurysm's size. (uth.edu)
  • Aim: Our aim is to perform precise computational analysis for the assessment of rupture risk for AAA patients. (edu.qa)
  • Methods: In this IRCC funded project, we will develop a patient-specific computational modeling methodology to assess wall stresses acting on the diseased AAA, for reliable rupture risk assessment of the conditions. (edu.qa)
  • Background: Associations between atmospheric pressure and abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) rupture risk have been reported, but empirical evidence is inconclusive and largely derived from studies that did not account for possible nonlinearity, seasonality, and confounding by temperature. (uu.nl)
  • neither the time series analysis nor the case-crossover study showed a significant association between atmospheric pressure (P =.627 and P =.625, respectively, for mean daily atmospheric pressure) or atmospheric pressure variation (P =.464 and P =.816, respectively, for 24-hour change in mean daily atmospheric pressure) and AAA rupture risk. (uu.nl)
  • Conclusion: This study failed to support claims that atmospheric pressure causally affects AAA rupture risk. (uu.nl)
  • Making firm claims regarding these conditions in relation to AAA rupture risk is difficult at best. (uu.nl)
  • Furthermore, despite the fact that we used one of the largest case series to date to investigate the effect of atmospheric pressure on AAA rupture risk, it is possible that this study is simply too small to demonstrate a causal link. (uu.nl)
  • Men who smoke or used to smoke are at a higher risk of having an aortic aneurysm. (familydoctor.org)
  • 13 , 20-24 Risk factors for AAA rupture include older age, female sex, smoking, and elevated blood pressure. (uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org)
  • Type B Aortic Dissections: Current Guidelines for Treatment. (nih.gov)
  • The first graphic pictures an anterior (front) cut-away view of the abdominal cavity showing the appearance of the aortic aneurysm. (doereport.com)
  • Methods: 502 patients from the IMPROVE randomised trial (ISRCTN48334791) with repair of rupture started were followed up for re-interventions for at least 3 years. (le.ac.uk)
  • Clinically, AAA rupture most frequently presents with abdominal and/or back pain, pulsatile abdominal mass, and hypotension. (pcom.edu)
  • In patients with abdominal aortic aneurysm, we assessed whether USPIO-enhanced MRI can predict aneurysm growth rates and clinical outcomes. (ed.ac.uk)
  • A high index of clinical suspicion of ruptured AAA should be maintained in elderly patients presenting with history of syncope. (springeropen.com)
  • PATIENTS: Between 1 January 1983 and 30 June 1996, 188 consecutive patients with TAAA were operated on, of whom 23 (12%) were operated for rupture. (ncl.ac.uk)
  • meteorological data and a case series of 358 patients admitted to hospital for ruptured AAA during the study period, January 2002 to December 2012. (uu.nl)
  • In patients with vs without BVF, the mean aortic valve area was 0.85 vs 0.90 cm 2 and mean gradient 40.5 vs 39.4 mm Hg. (medscape.com)
  • The clinical manifestation of ruptured AAA can include low back pain, flank, abdominal or groin pain, which usually leads to hypovolaemic shock and altered mental status. (springeropen.com)
  • Tearing of the aortic wall generally associated with profuse internal bleeding. (nih.gov)
  • This examination provides key information about the extent of aneurysmal disease, and it can be used to confirm and localize the site of rupture (see the image below). (medscape.com)
  • Finally, the aortic valve was found to be heavily calcified by what was most likely rheumatic disease, upon which vegetations were identified. (acc.org)
  • Bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) is the most common congenital cardiac malformation, affecting 1-2% of the population, and is the cause of a significant proportion of aortic valve disease in young adults ( 9 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • however, PEA can sometimes include an aortic disease and intracranial haemorrhage, with extremely poor neurological outcomes, and can thus not be used as a suitable candidate. (bvsalud.org)
  • Here we have presented a case where infective Endocarditis of Aortic Valve lead to Rupture of Sinus of Valsalva into the right atrium. (qscience.com)
  • Yoshikai M , Ishitoya H , Kato H , Truchiya K , Ida Y , Seto T . A case report of ruptured aneurysm of sinus of Valsalva resulted in tricuspid valve endocarditis. (qscience.com)
  • An emergency fludeoxyglucose F 18 ( 18 F-FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) elucidated a focus of intense 18 F-FDG uptake adjacent to the aortic root calcifications with an extension of the inflammation to the right anterior aspect of the aortic root. (acc.org)
  • Objective To evaluate long term outcomes (reintervention and late rupture of abdominal aortic aneurysm) of aortic endografts in real world practice using linked registry claims data. (bmj.com)
  • The primary end point was the composite of aneurysm rupture or repair. (ed.ac.uk)
  • This finding was similar for each component of rupture (6.8% versus 3.7%, P =0.1857) or repair (41.8% versus 32.5%, P =0.0782). (ed.ac.uk)
  • Also noted was a heavily calcified and moderately stenotic aortic valve (peak-to-mean pressure gradient 53/35 mmHg, dimensionless index 0.37, aortic valve area 1.43 cm 2 ). (acc.org)
  • In terms of hemodynamics, aortic valve area at discharge increased significantly with BVF vs without (1.6 vs 1.4 cm 2 ), starting from 0.8 cm 2 at baseline in both groups. (medscape.com)
  • We noted modest differences in echocardiographic gradients and aortic valve area - far less than previously reported," Garcia said. (medscape.com)
  • Key pathobiologic processes of AAA progression and rupture include neovascularization, necrotic inflammation, microcalcification, and proteolytic degradation of the extracellular matrix. (medscape.com)
  • During follow-up (1005±280 days), 17 (5.0%) abdominal aortic aneurysm ruptures, 126 (36.8%) abdominal aortic aneurysm repairs, and 48 (14.0%) deaths occurred. (ed.ac.uk)