An acute neurological disorder characterized by the triad of ophthalmoplegia, ataxia, and disturbances of mental activity or consciousness. Eye movement abnormalities include nystagmus, external rectus palsies, and reduced conjugate gaze. THIAMINE DEFICIENCY and chronic ALCOHOLISM are associated conditions. Pathologic features include periventricular petechial hemorrhages and neuropil breakdown in the diencephalon and brainstem. Chronic thiamine deficiency may lead to KORSAKOFF SYNDROME. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1139-42; Davis & Robertson, Textbook of Neuropathology, 2nd ed, pp452-3)
A cognitive disorder marked by an impaired ability to comprehend or express language in its written or spoken form. This condition is caused by diseases which affect the language areas of the dominant hemisphere. Clinical features are used to classify the various subtypes of this condition. General categories include receptive, expressive, and mixed forms of aphasia.
A nutritional condition produced by a deficiency of THIAMINE in the diet, characterized by anorexia, irritability, and weight loss. Later, patients experience weakness, peripheral neuropathy, headache, and tachycardia. In addition to being caused by a poor diet, thiamine deficiency in the United States most commonly occurs as a result of alcoholism, since ethanol interferes with thiamine absorption. In countries relying on polished rice as a dietary staple, BERIBERI prevalence is very high. (From Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 19th ed, p1171)
A progressive form of dementia characterized by the global loss of language abilities and initial preservation of other cognitive functions. Fluent and nonfluent subtypes have been described. Eventually a pattern of global cognitive dysfunction, similar to ALZHEIMER DISEASE, emerges. Pathologically, there are no Alzheimer or PICK DISEASE like changes, however, spongiform changes of cortical layers II and III are present in the TEMPORAL LOBE and FRONTAL LOBE. (From Brain 1998 Jan;121(Pt 1):115-26)
3-((4-Amino-2-methyl-5-pyrimidinyl)methyl)-5-(2- hydroxyethyl)-4-methylthiazolium chloride.
A dangerous life-threatening hypermetabolic condition characterized by high FEVER and dysfunction of the cardiovascular, the nervous, and the gastrointestinal systems.
Impairment in the comprehension of speech and meaning of words, both spoken and written, and of the meanings conveyed by their grammatical relationships in sentences. It is caused by lesions that primarily affect Wernicke's area, which lies in the posterior perisylvian region of the temporal lobe of the dominant hemisphere. (From Brain & Bannister, Clinical Neurology, 7th ed, p141; Kandel et al., Principles of Neural Science, 3d ed, p846)
A language dysfunction characterized by the inability to name people and objects that are correctly perceived. The individual is able to describe the object in question, but cannot provide the name. This condition is associated with lesions of the dominant hemisphere involving the language areas, in particular the TEMPORAL LOBE. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p484)
A type of fluent aphasia characterized by an impaired ability to repeat one and two word phrases, despite retained comprehension. This condition is associated with dominant hemisphere lesions involving the arcuate fasciculus (a white matter projection between Broca's and Wernicke's areas) and adjacent structures. Like patients with Wernicke aphasia (APHASIA, WERNICKE), patients with conduction aphasia are fluent but commit paraphasic errors during attempts at written and oral forms of communication. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p482; Brain & Bannister, Clinical Neurology, 7th ed, p142; Kandel et al., Principles of Neural Science, 3d ed, p848)
A verbal or nonverbal means of communicating ideas or feelings.
A hypermetabolic syndrome caused by excess THYROID HORMONES which may come from endogenous or exogenous sources. The endogenous source of hormone may be thyroid HYPERPLASIA; THYROID NEOPLASMS; or hormone-producing extrathyroidal tissue. Thyrotoxicosis is characterized by NERVOUSNESS; TACHYCARDIA; FATIGUE; WEIGHT LOSS; heat intolerance; and excessive SWEATING.
Non-invasive method of demonstrating internal anatomy based on the principle that atomic nuclei in a strong magnetic field absorb pulses of radiofrequency energy and emit them as radiowaves which can be reconstructed into computerized images. The concept includes proton spin tomographic techniques.
A form of frontotemporal lobar degeneration and a progressive form of dementia characterized by motor speech impairment and AGRAMMATISM, with relative sparing of single word comprehension and semantic memory.
Tests designed to assess language behavior and abilities. They include tests of vocabulary, comprehension, grammar and functional use of language, e.g., Development Sentence Scoring, Receptive-Expressive Emergent Language Scale, Parsons Language Sample, Utah Test of Language Development, Michigan Language Inventory and Verbal Language Development Scale, Illinois Test of Psycholinguistic Abilities, Northwestern Syntax Screening Test, Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test, Ammons Full-Range Picture Vocabulary Test, and Assessment of Children's Language Comprehension.
Treatment for individuals with speech defects and disorders that involves counseling and use of various exercises and aids to help the development of new speech habits.
Rehabilitation of persons with language disorders or training of children with language development disorders.
The part of CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM that is contained within the skull (CRANIUM). Arising from the NEURAL TUBE, the embryonic brain is comprised of three major parts including PROSENCEPHALON (the forebrain); MESENCEPHALON (the midbrain); and RHOMBENCEPHALON (the hindbrain). The developed brain consists of CEREBRUM; CEREBELLUM; and other structures in the BRAIN STEM.
Loss or impairment of the ability to write (letters, syllables, words, or phrases) due to an injury to a specific cerebral area or occasionally due to emotional factors. This condition rarely occurs in isolation, and often accompanies APHASIA. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p485; APA, Thesaurus of Psychological Index Terms, 1994)
A primary, chronic disease with genetic, psychosocial, and environmental factors influencing its development and manifestations. The disease is often progressive and fatal. It is characterized by impaired control over drinking, preoccupation with the drug alcohol, use of alcohol despite adverse consequences, and distortions in thinking, most notably denial. Each of these symptoms may be continuous or periodic. (Morse & Flavin for the Joint Commission of the National Council on Alcoholism and Drug Dependence and the American Society of Addiction Medicine to Study the Definition and Criteria for the Diagnosis of Alcoholism: in JAMA 1992;268:1012-4)
A group of cognitive disorders characterized by the inability to perform previously learned skills that cannot be attributed to deficits of motor or sensory function. The two major subtypes of this condition are ideomotor (see APRAXIA, IDEOMOTOR) and ideational apraxia, which refers to loss of the ability to mentally formulate the processes involved with performing an action. For example, dressing apraxia may result from an inability to mentally formulate the act of placing clothes on the body. Apraxias are generally associated with lesions of the dominant PARIETAL LOBE and supramarginal gyrus. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp56-7)
The relationships between symbols and their meanings.
Communication through a system of conventional vocal symbols.
Conditions characterized by deficiencies of comprehension or expression of written and spoken forms of language. These include acquired and developmental disorders.
Tests designed to assess neurological function associated with certain behaviors. They are used in diagnosing brain dysfunction or damage and central nervous system disorders or injury.
A receptive visual aphasia characterized by the loss of a previously possessed ability to comprehend the meaning or significance of handwritten words, despite intact vision. This condition may be associated with posterior cerebral artery infarction (INFARCTION, POSTERIOR CEREBRAL ARTERY) and other BRAIN DISEASES.

Plasticity of language-related brain function during recovery from stroke. (1/57)

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: This study was undertaken to correlate functional recovery from aphasia after acute stroke with the temporal evolution of the anatomic, physiological, and functional changes as measured by MRI. METHODS: Blood oxygenation level-dependent contrast and echo-planar MRI were used to map language comprehension in 6 normal adults and in 2 adult patients during recovery from acute stroke presenting with aphasia. Perfusion, diffusion, sodium, and conventional anatomic MRI were used to follow physiological and structural changes. RESULTS: The normal activation pattern for language comprehension showed activation predominately in left-sided Wernicke's and Broca's areas, with laterality ratios of 0.8 and 0.3, respectively. Recovery of the patient confirmed as having a completed stroke affecting Broca's area occurred rapidly with a shift of activation to the homologous region in the right hemisphere within 3 days, with continued rightward lateralization over 6 months. In the second patient, in whom mapping was performed fortuitously before stroke, recovery of a Wernicke's aphasia showed a similar increasing rightward shift in activation recruitment over 9 months after the event. CONCLUSIONS: Recovery of aphasia in adults can occur rapidly and is concomitant with an activation pattern that changes from left to a homologous right hemispheric pattern. Such recovery occurs even when the stroke evolves to completion. Such plasticity must be considered when evaluating stroke interventions based on behavioral and neurological measurements.  (+info)

Training-induced brain plasticity in aphasia. (2/57)

It has long been a matter of debate whether recovery from aphasia after left perisylvian lesions is mediated by the preserved left hemispheric language zones or by the homologous right hemisphere regions. Using PET, we investigated the short-term changes in the cortical network involved in language comprehension during recovery from aphasia. In 12 consecutive measurements of regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF), four patients with Wernicke's aphasia, caused by a posterior left middle cerebral artery infarction, were tested with a language comprehension task. Comprehension was estimated directly after each scan with a modified version of the Token Test. In the interval between the scans, the patients participated in brief, intense language comprehension training. A significant improvement in performance was observed in all patients. We correlated changes in blood flow measured during the language comprehension task with the scores achieved in the Token Test. The regions which best correlated with the training-induced improvement in verbal comprehension were the posterior part of the right superior temporal gyrus and the left precuneus. This study supports the role of the right hemisphere in recovery from aphasia and demonstrates that the improvement in auditory comprehension induced by specific training is associated with functional brain reorganization.  (+info)

Atypical and typical presentations of Alzheimer's disease: a clinical, neuropsychological, neuroimaging and pathological study of 13 cases. (3/57)

There has been increasing awareness that some slowly progressive focal cortical syndromes can be the presenting features of Alzheimer's disease, but pathological evidence has been sparse. This clinico-pathological series presents our experience with pathologically proven atypical as well as typical Alzheimer's disease presentations. We report and compare four patterns of presentation: a typical pattern with initial amnesic syndrome (n = 4 cases), progressive visual dysfunction (n = 1), progressive biparietal syndrome (n = 2) and progressive aphasia (n = 6). The aphasic presentations include both fluent and non-fluent aphasic syndromes. The neuropsychological profiles and neuroimaging clearly reflect the presenting clinical features, and show a close relationship to the distribution of pathology in these cases. Of note was the sparing of medial temporal structures (hippocampus and/or entorhinal cortex) in several aphasic cases and the severe occipito-parietal involvement in those with prominent visuospatial disorders at presentation. Our data demonstrate the wide spectrum of Alzheimer's disease presentations. The recognition of atypical presentations of Alzheimer's disease is important when attempting to make an early accurate pre-morbid diagnosis of neurodegenerative disease.  (+info)

Transcortical sensory aphasia: revisited and revised. (4/57)

Transcortical sensory aphasia (TSA) is characterized by impaired auditory comprehension with intact repetition and fluent speech. We induced TSA transiently by electrical interference during routine cortical function mapping in six adult seizure patients. For each patient, TSA was associated with multiple posterior cortical sites, including the posterior superior and middle temporal gyri, in classical Wernicke's area. A number of TSA sites were immediately adjacent to sites where Wernicke's aphasia was elicited in the same patients. Phonological decoding of speech sounds was assessed by auditory syllable discrimination and found to be intact at all sites where TSA was induced. At a subset of electrode sites where the pattern of language deficits otherwise resembled TSA, naming and word reading remained intact. Language lateralization testing by intracarotid amobarbital injection showed no evidence of independent right hemisphere language. These results suggest that TSA may result from a one-way disruption between left hemisphere phonology and lexical-semantic processing.  (+info)

Vascular aphasias: main characteristics of patients hospitalized in acute stroke units. (5/57)

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Aphasia is frequent in stroke patients and is associated with poor prognosis. However, characteristics and determinants of vascular aphasias remain controversial. The aim of this study was to evaluate aphasia characteristics at the acute stage in patients admitted to a stroke unit. METHODS: The study was performed in 308 patients consecutively assessed with a standardized aphasia battery. RESULTS: Aphasia was observed in 207 patients; global and nonclassified aphasias accounted for 50% of aphasic syndromes at the acute stage, whereas classic aphasias (Wernicke's, Broca's, transcortical, and subcortical aphasias) were less frequent. Age differed across aphasic syndromes in ischemic stroke patients only; patients with conduction aphasia were younger, and patients with subcortical aphasia were older. Sex did not significantly differ across aphasic syndromes. The presence of a previous stroke was more frequent in nonclassified aphasia. CONCLUSIONS: This study shows (1) that vascular aphasias are frequently severe or nonclassic at the acute stage, a finding explained in part by the presence of a previous stroke; (2) that the age effect is due mainly to its influence on infarct location; and (3) that the main determinant of aphasia characteristics is lesion location.  (+info)

Speech production: Wernicke, Broca and beyond. (6/57)

We investigated the brain systems engaged during propositional speech (PrSp) and two forms of non- propositional speech (NPrSp): counting and reciting overlearned nursery rhymes. Bilateral cerebral and cerebellar regions were involved in the motor act of articulation, irrespective of the type of speech. Three additional, left-lateralized regions, adjacent to the Sylvian sulcus, were activated in common: the most posterior part of the supratemporal plane, the lateral part of the pars opercularis in the posterior inferior frontal gyrus and the anterior insula. Therefore, both NPrSp and PrSp were dependent on the same discrete subregions of the anatomically ill-defined areas of Wernicke and Broca. PrSp was also dependent on a predominantly left-lateralized neural system distributed between multi-modal and amodal regions in posterior inferior parietal, anterolateral and medial temporal and medial prefrontal cortex. The lateral prefrontal and paracingulate cortical activity observed in previous studies of cued word retrieval was not seen with either NPrSp or PrSp, demonstrating that normal brain- language representations cannot be inferred from explicit metalinguistic tasks. The evidence from this study indicates that normal communicative speech is dependent on a number of left hemisphere regions remote from the classic language areas of Wernicke and Broca. Destruction or disconnection of discrete left extrasylvian and perisylvian cortical regions, rather than the total extent of damage to perisylvian cortex, will account for the qualitative and quantitative differences in the impaired speech production observed in aphasic stroke patients.  (+info)

Effect of lexical cues on the production of active and passive sentences in Broca's and Wernicke's aphasia. (7/57)

This study compared the sentence production abilities of individuals with Broca's and Wernicke's aphasia in an attempt to explore the extent to which impaired lexical retrieval impedes sentence production. The ability to produce active and passive reversible and non-reversible sentences was examined when varying amounts of lexical information was provided. The results showed that both Wernicke's and Broca's aphasic individuals were impaired in passive sentence production and that these difficulties were not overcome when lexical cues (the relevant nouns and uninflected verb) were provided. However when auxiliary and past tense morphemes were provided along with the verb stem, production of passive sentences improved drastically for both groups. Analysis of error patterns, however, revealed differences between the two groups, suggesting that Broca's aphasic subjects may find passive sentences difficult due to problems with retrieving the relevant grammatical morphemes. Subjects with Wernicke's aphasia may have been unable to automatically access the passive sentence structure.  (+info)

Effect of typicality on online category verification of animate category exemplars in aphasia. (8/57)

Normal young, elderly, Broca's aphasic, and Wernicke's aphasic individuals participated in an online category verification task where primes were superordinate category labels while targets were either typical or atypical examples of animate categories or nonmembers belonging to inanimate categories. The reaction time to judge whether the target belonged to the preceding category label was measured. Results indicated that all four groups made significantly greater errors on atypical examples compared to typical examples. Young and elderly individuals, and Broca's aphasic patients performed similarly on the verification task; these groups demonstrated faster reaction times on typical examples than atypical examples. Wernicke's aphasic patients made the most errors on the task and were slowest to respond than any other participant group. Also, these participants were not significantly faster at accepting correct typical examples compared to correct atypical examples. The results from the four groups are discussed with relevance to prototype/family resemblance models of typicality.  (+info)

Wernicke Encephalopathy is a neuropsychiatric disorder that is caused by a deficiency of thiamine (vitamin B1). It is characterized by a classic triad of symptoms: confusion, oculomotor dysfunction (such as nystagmus and ophthalmoplegia), and gait ataxia. Other symptoms can include memory loss, apathy, and hypothermia.

Wernicke Encephalopathy is most commonly seen in alcoholics due to poor nutrition, but it can also occur in people with conditions that cause malabsorption or increased thiamine requirements, such as AIDS, cancer, and chronic diarrhea. Immediate treatment with thiamine replacement therapy is necessary to prevent progression of the disease and potential permanent neurological damage. If left untreated, Wernicke Encephalopathy can lead to Korsakoff's syndrome, a chronic memory disorder.

Aphasia is a medical condition that affects a person's ability to communicate. It is caused by damage to the language areas of the brain, most commonly as a result of a stroke or head injury. Aphasia can affect both spoken and written language, making it difficult for individuals to express their thoughts, understand speech, read, or write.

There are several types of aphasia, including:

1. Expressive aphasia (also called Broca's aphasia): This type of aphasia affects a person's ability to speak and write clearly. Individuals with expressive aphasia know what they want to say but have difficulty forming the words or sentences to communicate their thoughts.
2. Receptive aphasia (also called Wernicke's aphasia): This type of aphasia affects a person's ability to understand spoken or written language. Individuals with receptive aphasia may struggle to follow conversations, comprehend written texts, or make sense of the words they hear or read.
3. Global aphasia: This is the most severe form of aphasia and results from extensive damage to the language areas of the brain. People with global aphasia have significant impairments in both their ability to express themselves and understand language.
4. Anomic aphasia: This type of aphasia affects a person's ability to recall the names of objects, people, or places. Individuals with anomic aphasia can speak in complete sentences but often struggle to find the right words to convey their thoughts.

Treatment for aphasia typically involves speech and language therapy, which aims to help individuals regain as much communication ability as possible. The success of treatment depends on various factors, such as the severity and location of the brain injury, the individual's motivation and effort, and the availability of support from family members and caregivers.

Thiamine deficiency, also known as beriberi, is a condition that results from inadequate intake or impaired absorption of thiamine (vitamin B1), which is essential for energy metabolism and nerve function. This deficiency can lead to various symptoms such as peripheral neuropathy, muscle weakness, heart failure, and in severe cases, Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome, a neurological disorder associated with alcoholism. Thiamine deficiency is commonly found in populations with poor nutrition, alcohol dependence, and gastrointestinal disorders affecting nutrient absorption.

Primary Progressive Aphasia (PPA) is a neurological disorder characterized by progressive loss of language capabilities, while other cognitive abilities remain preserved. It is a type of dementia that primarily affects speech and language. Unlike other forms of aphasia that result from stroke or head injury, PPA is degenerative and gets worse over time.

There are three main types of PPA:

1. Semantic Variant PPA (svPPA): This type is characterized by difficulty in understanding words and objects, despite having no trouble with the mechanics of speech or writing. Over time, people with svPPA may lose their ability to understand spoken or written language, as well as to recognize objects and faces.

2. Nonfluent/Agrammatic Variant PPA (nfvPPA): This type is characterized by difficulty with speaking and writing, including producing grammatical sentences and articulating words. People with nfvPPA may also have problems with understanding spoken language, particularly when it comes to complex sentences or ambiguous phrases.

3. Logopenic Variant PPA (lvPPA): This type is characterized by difficulty with word-finding and sentence repetition, while speech remains fluent. People with lvPPA may also have problems with understanding spoken language, particularly when it comes to complex sentences or ambiguous phrases.

The exact cause of PPA is not known, but it is believed to be related to degeneration of specific areas of the brain involved in language processing, such as Broca's area and Wernicke's area. There is currently no cure for PPA, but speech and language therapy can help to slow down the progression of the disorder and improve communication skills.

Thiamine, also known as vitamin B1, is a water-soluble vitamin that plays a crucial role in certain metabolic reactions, particularly in the conversion of carbohydrates into energy in the body. It is essential for the proper functioning of the heart, nerves, and digestive system. Thiamine acts as a cofactor for enzymes involved in the synthesis of neurotransmitters and the metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins. Deficiency in thiamine can lead to serious health complications, such as beriberi (a disease characterized by peripheral neuropathy, muscle wasting, and heart failure) and Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome (a neurological disorder often seen in alcoholics due to chronic thiamine deficiency). Thiamine is found in various foods, including whole grains, legumes, pork, beef, and fortified foods.

A thyroid crisis, also known as thyrotoxic crisis or storm, is a rare but life-threatening condition characterized by an exaggerated response to the excess production of thyroid hormones (thyrotoxicosis). This condition can lead to severe hypermetabolic state, multi-organ dysfunction, and cardiovascular collapse if not promptly diagnosed and treated.

Thyroid crisis is often triggered by a stressful event, infection, or surgery in individuals with uncontrolled or poorly managed hyperthyroidism, particularly those with Graves' disease. The symptoms of thyroid crisis include high fever, tachycardia (rapid heart rate), hypertension (high blood pressure), agitation, confusion, delirium, vomiting, diarrhea, and sometimes coma.

The diagnosis of thyroid crisis is based on the clinical presentation, laboratory tests, and imaging studies. Treatment typically involves hospitalization in an intensive care unit, administration of medications to block the production and release of thyroid hormones, control heart rate and rhythm, correct electrolyte imbalances, and provide supportive care until the patient's condition stabilizes.

Wernicke's aphasia is a type of fluent aphasia, also known as receptive or sensory aphasia. It is named after the neurologist Carl Wernicke. This type of aphasia is caused by damage to the posterior portion of the left superior temporal gyrus (Wernicke's area) in the dominant hemisphere of the brain, typically as a result of stroke or head injury.

Individuals with Wernicke's aphasia have difficulty understanding spoken or written language. They may speak in long, grammatically correct sentences that are filled with incorrect or made-up words (neologisms) and have little meaning. They are often unaware of their errors and have poor comprehension of both spoken and written language. This can lead to significant difficulties in communication and can be very frustrating for the person with aphasia and their communication partners.

Treatment for Wernicke's aphasia typically involves speech-language therapy, which may focus on improving comprehension, expression, reading, and writing skills. The prognosis for recovery varies depending on the severity of the brain injury and the individual's overall health and cognitive status.

Anomia is a language disorder that affects a person's ability to name objects, places, or people. It is often caused by damage to the brain, such as from a stroke, brain injury, or neurological condition. In anomia, a person has difficulty retrieving words from their memory, and may substitute similar-sounding words, describe the object instead of naming it, or be unable to come up with a name at all. Anomia can range from mild to severe and can significantly impact a person's ability to communicate effectively.

Conduction aphasia is a type of aphasia that is characterized by an impairment in the ability to repeat spoken or written words, despite having intact comprehension and production abilities. It is caused by damage to specific areas of the brain, typically in the left hemisphere, that are involved in language repetition and transmission.

Individuals with conduction aphasia may have difficulty repeating sentences or phrases, but they can usually understand spoken and written language and produce speech relatively well. They may also make phonological errors (substituting, adding, or omitting sounds) when speaking, particularly in more complex words or sentences.

Conduction aphasia is often caused by stroke or other types of brain injury, and it can range from mild to severe in terms of its impact on communication abilities. Treatment typically involves speech-language therapy to help individuals improve their language skills and compensate for any remaining deficits.

In the context of medicine, particularly in neurolinguistics and speech-language pathology, language is defined as a complex system of communication that involves the use of symbols (such as words, signs, or gestures) to express and exchange information. It includes various components such as phonology (sound systems), morphology (word structures), syntax (sentence structure), semantics (meaning), and pragmatics (social rules of use). Language allows individuals to convey their thoughts, feelings, and intentions, and to understand the communication of others. Disorders of language can result from damage to specific areas of the brain, leading to impairments in comprehension, production, or both.

Thyrotoxicosis is a medical condition that results from an excess of thyroid hormones in the body, leading to an overactive metabolic state. It can be caused by various factors such as Graves' disease, toxic adenoma, Plummer's disease, or excessive intake of thyroid hormone medication. Symptoms may include rapid heart rate, weight loss, heat intolerance, tremors, and increased sweating, among others. Thyrotoxicosis is not a diagnosis itself but a manifestation of various underlying thyroid disorders. Proper diagnosis and management are crucial to prevent complications and improve quality of life.

Medical Definition:

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is a non-invasive diagnostic imaging technique that uses a strong magnetic field and radio waves to create detailed cross-sectional or three-dimensional images of the internal structures of the body. The patient lies within a large, cylindrical magnet, and the scanner detects changes in the direction of the magnetic field caused by protons in the body. These changes are then converted into detailed images that help medical professionals to diagnose and monitor various medical conditions, such as tumors, injuries, or diseases affecting the brain, spinal cord, heart, blood vessels, joints, and other internal organs. MRI does not use radiation like computed tomography (CT) scans.

Primary Progressive Nonfluent Aphasia (PPNA) is a rare type of dementia that primarily affects language abilities. According to the National Aphasia Association, it is characterized by progressive difficulty with speaking and writing, while comprehension of single words and object knowledge remains relatively intact. The "nonfluent" descriptor refers to the hesitant, effortful, and halting speech pattern observed in individuals with this condition.

The Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) term provided by the National Library of Medicine defines PPNA as:

"A progressive aphasia characterized by agrammatism and/or anomia with relatively preserved single word comprehension and object knowledge. This condition often, but not always, begins between the sixth and seventh decades of life. As the disorder progresses, it may be accompanied by ideomotor apraxia, alien hand syndrome, and elements of corticobasal degeneration."

It is important to note that PPNA is a clinical diagnosis, and there are currently no established biomarkers or imaging techniques to definitively diagnose this condition. The underlying neuropathology may vary between individuals with PPNA, but the most common causes include frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) and corticobasal degeneration (CBD).

A language test is not a medical term per se, but it is commonly used in the field of speech-language pathology, which is a medical discipline. A language test, in this context, refers to an assessment tool used by speech-language pathologists to evaluate an individual's language abilities. These tests typically measure various aspects of language, including vocabulary, grammar, syntax, semantics, and pragmatics.

Language tests can be standardized or non-standardized and may be administered individually or in a group setting. The results of these tests help speech-language pathologists diagnose language disorders, develop treatment plans, and monitor progress over time. It is important to note that language testing should be conducted by a qualified professional who has experience in administering and interpreting language assessments.

Speech Therapy, also known as Speech-Language Pathology, is a medical field that focuses on the assessment, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of communication and swallowing disorders in children and adults. These disorders may include speech sound production difficulties (articulation disorders or phonological processes disorders), language disorders (expressive and/or receptive language impairments), voice disorders, fluency disorders (stuttering), cognitive-communication disorders, and swallowing difficulties (dysphagia).

Speech therapists, who are also called speech-language pathologists (SLPs), work with clients to improve their communication abilities through various therapeutic techniques and exercises. They may also provide counseling and education to families and caregivers to help them support the client's communication development and management of the disorder.

Speech therapy services can be provided in a variety of settings, including hospitals, clinics, schools, private practices, and long-term care facilities. The specific goals and methods used in speech therapy will depend on the individual needs and abilities of each client.

Language therapy, also known as speech-language therapy, is a type of treatment aimed at improving an individual's communication and swallowing abilities. Speech-language pathologists (SLPs) or therapists provide this therapy to assess, diagnose, and treat a wide range of communication and swallowing disorders that can occur in people of all ages, from infants to the elderly.

Language therapy may involve working on various skills such as:

1. Expressive language: Improving the ability to express thoughts, needs, wants, and ideas through verbal, written, or other symbolic systems.
2. Receptive language: Enhancing the understanding of spoken or written language, including following directions and comprehending conversations.
3. Pragmatic or social language: Developing appropriate use of language in various social situations, such as turn-taking, topic maintenance, and making inferences.
4. Articulation and phonology: Correcting speech sound errors and improving overall speech clarity.
5. Voice and fluency: Addressing issues related to voice quality, volume, and pitch, as well as stuttering or stammering.
6. Literacy: Improving reading, writing, and spelling skills.
7. Swallowing: Evaluating and treating swallowing disorders (dysphagia) to ensure safe and efficient eating and drinking.

Language therapy often involves a combination of techniques, including exercises, drills, conversation practice, and the use of various therapeutic materials and technology. The goal of language therapy is to help individuals with communication disorders achieve optimal functional communication and swallowing abilities in their daily lives.

The brain is the central organ of the nervous system, responsible for receiving and processing sensory information, regulating vital functions, and controlling behavior, movement, and cognition. It is divided into several distinct regions, each with specific functions:

1. Cerebrum: The largest part of the brain, responsible for higher cognitive functions such as thinking, learning, memory, language, and perception. It is divided into two hemispheres, each controlling the opposite side of the body.
2. Cerebellum: Located at the back of the brain, it is responsible for coordinating muscle movements, maintaining balance, and fine-tuning motor skills.
3. Brainstem: Connects the cerebrum and cerebellum to the spinal cord, controlling vital functions such as breathing, heart rate, and blood pressure. It also serves as a relay center for sensory information and motor commands between the brain and the rest of the body.
4. Diencephalon: A region that includes the thalamus (a major sensory relay station) and hypothalamus (regulates hormones, temperature, hunger, thirst, and sleep).
5. Limbic system: A group of structures involved in emotional processing, memory formation, and motivation, including the hippocampus, amygdala, and cingulate gyrus.

The brain is composed of billions of interconnected neurons that communicate through electrical and chemical signals. It is protected by the skull and surrounded by three layers of membranes called meninges, as well as cerebrospinal fluid that provides cushioning and nutrients.

Agraphia is a neurological disorder that affects the ability to write, either by hand or through mechanical means like typing. It is often caused by damage to specific areas of the brain involved in language and writing skills, such as the left parietal lobe. Agraphia can manifest as difficulty with spelling, forming letters or words, organizing thoughts on paper, or expressing ideas in writing. Depending on the severity and location of the brain injury, agraphia may occur in isolation or alongside other language or cognitive impairments.

Alcoholism is a chronic and often relapsing brain disorder characterized by the excessive and compulsive consumption of alcohol despite negative consequences to one's health, relationships, and daily life. It is also commonly referred to as alcohol use disorder (AUD) or alcohol dependence.

The diagnostic criteria for AUD include a pattern of alcohol use that includes problems controlling intake, continued use despite problems resulting from drinking, development of a tolerance, drinking that leads to risky behaviors or situations, and withdrawal symptoms when not drinking.

Alcoholism can cause a wide range of physical and psychological health problems, including liver disease, heart disease, neurological damage, mental health disorders, and increased risk of accidents and injuries. Treatment for alcoholism typically involves a combination of behavioral therapies, medications, and support groups to help individuals achieve and maintain sobriety.

Apraxia is a motor disorder characterized by the inability to perform learned, purposeful movements despite having the physical ability and mental understanding to do so. It is not caused by weakness, paralysis, or sensory loss, and it is not due to poor comprehension or motivation.

There are several types of apraxias, including:

1. Limb-Kinematic Apraxia: This type affects the ability to make precise movements with the limbs, such as using tools or performing complex gestures.
2. Ideomotor Apraxia: In this form, individuals have difficulty executing learned motor actions in response to verbal commands or visual cues, but they can still perform the same action when given the actual object to use.
3. Ideational Apraxia: This type affects the ability to sequence and coordinate multiple steps of a complex action, such as dressing oneself or making coffee.
4. Oral Apraxia: Also known as verbal apraxia, this form affects the ability to plan and execute speech movements, leading to difficulties with articulation and speech production.
5. Constructional Apraxia: This type impairs the ability to draw, copy, or construct geometric forms and shapes, often due to visuospatial processing issues.

Apraxias can result from various neurological conditions, such as stroke, brain injury, dementia, or neurodegenerative diseases like Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease. Treatment typically involves rehabilitation and therapy focused on retraining the affected movements and compensating for any residual deficits.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "semantics" is not a term that has a specific medical definition. Semantics is actually a branch of linguistics that deals with the study of meaning, reference, and the interpretation of signs and symbols, either individually or in combination. It is used in various fields including computer science, anthropology, psychology, and philosophy.

However, if you have any medical terms or concepts that you would like me to explain, I'd be happy to help!

Speech is the vocalized form of communication using sounds and words to express thoughts, ideas, and feelings. It involves the articulation of sounds through the movement of muscles in the mouth, tongue, and throat, which are controlled by nerves. Speech also requires respiratory support, phonation (vocal cord vibration), and prosody (rhythm, stress, and intonation).

Speech is a complex process that develops over time in children, typically beginning with cooing and babbling sounds in infancy and progressing to the use of words and sentences by around 18-24 months. Speech disorders can affect any aspect of this process, including articulation, fluency, voice, and language.

In a medical context, speech is often evaluated and treated by speech-language pathologists who specialize in diagnosing and managing communication disorders.

Language disorders, also known as communication disorders, refer to a group of conditions that affect an individual's ability to understand or produce spoken, written, or other symbolic language. These disorders can be receptive (difficulty understanding language), expressive (difficulty producing language), or mixed (a combination of both).

Language disorders can manifest as difficulties with grammar, vocabulary, sentence structure, and coherence in communication. They can also affect social communication skills such as taking turns in conversation, understanding nonverbal cues, and interpreting tone of voice.

Language disorders can be developmental, meaning they are present from birth or early childhood, or acquired, meaning they develop later in life due to injury, illness, or trauma. Examples of acquired language disorders include aphasia, which can result from stroke or brain injury, and dysarthria, which can result from neurological conditions affecting speech muscles.

Language disorders can have significant impacts on an individual's academic, social, and vocational functioning, making it important to diagnose and treat them as early as possible. Treatment typically involves speech-language therapy to help individuals develop and improve their language skills.

Neuropsychological tests are a type of psychological assessment that measures cognitive functions, such as attention, memory, language, problem-solving, and perception. These tests are used to help diagnose and understand the cognitive impact of neurological conditions, including dementia, traumatic brain injury, stroke, Parkinson's disease, and other disorders that affect the brain.

The tests are typically administered by a trained neuropsychologist and can take several hours to complete. They may involve paper-and-pencil tasks, computerized tasks, or interactive activities. The results of the tests are compared to normative data to help identify any areas of cognitive weakness or strength.

Neuropsychological testing can provide valuable information for treatment planning, rehabilitation, and assessing response to treatment. It can also be used in research to better understand the neural basis of cognition and the impact of neurological conditions on cognitive function.

Acquired dyslexia, also known as "alexia" or "word blindness," is a medical condition that affects an individual's ability to understand written language despite having normal intelligence and education. It is characterized by a sudden loss of the ability to read, following damage to specific areas of the brain responsible for visual processing and language comprehension, such as the left occipitotemporal cortex.

Unlike developmental dyslexia, which is present from birth or early childhood, acquired dyslexia occurs later in life due to brain injury, stroke, infection, tumor, or other neurological conditions that damage the language and visual processing areas of the brain. Individuals with acquired dyslexia may have difficulty recognizing words, letters, or symbols, despite having intact hearing and speaking abilities.

Treatment for acquired dyslexia typically involves rehabilitation and compensation strategies to help the individual regain their reading skills or develop alternative ways to process written language. Speech-language therapy, occupational therapy, and assistive technology may be used as part of a comprehensive treatment plan.

"Aphasia". www.hopkinsmedicine.org. Retrieved 2022-04-27. "Wernicke area , Definition, Location, Function, & Facts , Britannica ... Carl Wernicke, a German neurologist, found a patient who could speak fluently but non-sensibly. The patient had been the victim ... Additionally, Aphasia is a learning disorder which was also discovered by Paul Broca. According to, Johns Hopkins School of ... This patient had a lesion in the area where the left parietal and temporal lobes meet, now known as Wernicke's area. These ...
Wernicke's aphasia, also known as receptive aphasia, sensory aphasia or posterior aphasia, is a type of aphasia in which ... "Wernicke's (Receptive) Aphasia". National Aphasia Association. "Types of Aphasia". American Stroke Association. "ASHA Glossary ... Wernicke's aphasia was named after German physician Carl Wernicke, who is credited with discovering the area of the brain ... Davis, G.A. "Aphasia Therapy Guide". National Aphasia Association. Keefe, K.A. (1995). "Applying basic neuroscience to aphasia ...
Damage to Wernicke's area produces Wernicke's or receptive aphasia, which is characterized by relatively normal syntax and ... Wernicke K. (1995). "The aphasia symptom-complex: A psychological study on an anatomical basis (1875)". In Paul Eling (ed.). ... Wernicke's area is named after Carl Wernicke, who in 1874 proposed a connection between damage to the posterior area of the ... a linguistic auditory signal is first sent from the auditory cortex to Wernicke's area. The lexicon is accessed in Wernicke's ...
Wernicke K. The aphasia symptom-complex. 1874. Breslau, Cohn and Weigert. Translated in: Eling P, editor. Reader in the history ... Wernicke K. (1874). The aphasia symptom-complex. Breslau, Cohn and Weigert. Translated in: Eling P, editor. (1994). p. 69-89. ... In 1874 Carl Wernicke proposed that the ability to imitate speech plays a key role in language acquisition. This is now a ... Evidence from aphasia". Brain: A Journal of Neurology. 107 (2): 463-485. doi:10.1093/brain/107.2.463. PMID 6722512. McCarthy, R ...
The symptoms of Wernicke's aphasia are caused by damage to the posterior section of the superior temporal gyrus. Damage to the ... This area became known as Wernicke's area. Wernicke later hypothesized the relationship between Wernicke's area and Broca's ... Hux, Karen (2011). "Wernicke-Lichtheim Model of Aphasia". Encyclopedia of Clinical Neuropsychology. pp. 2702-2703. doi:10.1007/ ... Wernicke's aphasia is associated with anomia, unknowingly making up words (neologisms), and problems with comprehension. ...
Wernicke's aphasia affects declarative memory. Opposite of Broca's aphasia, paragrammatism is apparent, which causes normal or ... Procedural memory is affected by Broca's aphasia. Agrammatism is apparent in Broca's aphasia patients, where a lack of fluency ... Those with Wernicke's aphasia struggle to understand the meaning of words and may not recognize their mistakes in speech. The ... the passive voice is a grammatically complex structure that is harder for those with Broca's aphasia to comprehend. Wernicke's ...
Aphasia Wernicke-Geschwind model Carlson, N. (2012). Physiology of behavior. (11th ed.). Pearson. Friederici, Angela (2017). ... Progressive aphasia is a type of aphasia that slowly worsens over time. It can affect both the production and comprehension of ... This type of aphasia is characterized by difficulty with repetition and prevalent phonemic paraphasias. Patients otherwise ... Historically the arcuate fasciculus has been linked to conduction aphasia, which is usually the result of damage to the ...
... and the fluent aphasias (which encompasses Wernicke's aphasia, conduction aphasia and transcortical sensory aphasia). These ... Receptive aphasia (also known as "sensory aphasia" or "Wernicke's aphasia"), which is characterized by fluent speech, but ... Transcortical motor aphasia and transcortical sensory aphasia, which are similar to Broca's and Wernicke's aphasia respectively ... Though some cases of Wernicke's aphasia have shown greater improvements than more mild forms of aphasia, people with Wernicke's ...
This area is known as Wernicke's area; damage to this section can lead to Receptive aphasia. Postmortem studies allows for ... damage to this section of the brain can lead to Expressive aphasia. Karl Wernicke also used postmortem studies to link specific ...
Damage caused to Wernicke's area results in receptive, fluent aphasia. This means that the person with aphasia will be able to ... Receptive aphasia in which such abilities are preserved is also known as Wernicke's aphasia. In this condition there is a major ... Some Wernicke's aphasia patients also talk around missing words, which is called "circumlocution." Patients with Wernicke's ... B. Acharya, Aninda (2020). "Wernicke Aphasia". National Center for Biotechnology Information. PMID 28722980. "Aphasia". ...
Wernicke interpreted Kussmaul's case as an incomplete variant of his sensory aphasia. In 1885, Lichtheim also reported of an ... This case-study led Kussmaul to propose of distinction between the word perception deficit and Wernicke's sensory aphasia. He ... In 1874, Wernicke was the first to ascribe to a brain region a role in auditory perception. Wernicke proposed that the impaired ... He attributed both aphasia and auditory agnosia to damage in Lichtheim's auditory word center. He hypothesized that aphasia is ...
"Conduction aphasia and the arcuate fasciculus: A reexamination of the Wernicke-Geschwind model". Brain and Language. 70 (1): 1- ... "The Wernicke conundrum and the anatomy of language comprehension in primary progressive aphasia". Brain. 138 (Pt 8): 2423-37. ... Through research in aphasias, RHD signers were found to have a problem maintaining the spatial portion of their signs, ... The Wernicke-Lichtheim-Geschwind model is primarily based on research conducted on brain-damaged individuals who were reported ...
Pseudobulbar palsy Operculum Corticobulbar tracts Wernicke's aphasia Broca's aphasia Bakar, M; Kirshner, HS; Niaz, F (1998). " ... People with Broca's aphasia may not exhibit a complete loss of voluntary movement facial muscles, pharyngeal muscles, laryngeal ... Parts of the brain such as Heschl's gyrus, Brodmann's area, Broca's area, Wernicke's area are amongst the most relevant in the ... In determining a diagnosis between Broca's aphasia and FCMS, a person must demonstrate their ability in voluntary movement of ...
Expressive aphasia Receptive aphasia Anomic aphasia Broca's area Wernicke's area Wernicke-Geschwind model Speech repetition ... Broca's and Wernicke's aphasia are commonly caused by middle cerebral artery strokes. Symptoms of conduction aphasia, as with ... Conduction aphasia, also called associative aphasia, is an uncommon form of difficulty in speaking (aphasia). It is caused by ... Wernicke was influenced by Theodor Meynert, his mentor, who postulated that aphasias were due to perisylvian lesions. Meynert ...
Originally named sensory aphasia, this region later became known as Wernicke's area. Individuals with damage to this area ... "Carl Wernicke , Encyclopedia.com". www.encyclopedia.com. Retrieved 2022-04-21. Javed, Kinaan; Reddy, Vamsi; M Das, Joe; Wroten ... In 1873, Wernicke observed a patient presenting with poor language comprehension despite maintaining intact speech and hearing ... Previously held theories attributed brain function as one singular process but Wernicke was one of the first to attribute brain ...
In one study, patients with Wernicke's aphasia who were unable to make semantic judgments showed evidence of semantic priming, ... with Broca's aphasia who were able to make semantic judgments showed less consistent priming than those with Wernicke's aphasia ... "An on-line analysis of syntactic processing in Broca's and Wernicke's aphasia". Brain and Language. 45 (3): 448-64. doi:10.1006 ... "Aphasia". The British Medical Journal. 2 (296): 258-261. 1866. ISSN 0007-1447. JSTOR 25205881. Carlesimo GA, Oscar-Berman M ( ...
Ellis AW, Miller D, Sin G (December 1983). "Wernicke's aphasia and normal language processing: a case study in cognitive ... Anosognosia may occur as part of receptive aphasia, a language disorder that causes poor comprehension of speech and the ... A patient with receptive aphasia cannot correct his own phonetics errors and shows "anger and disappointment with the person ... Other patients with receptive aphasia are fully aware of their condition and speech inhibitions, but cannot monitor their ...
"An on-line analysis of syntactic processing in Broca's and Wernicke's aphasia". Brain and Language. 45 (3): 448-464. doi: ... Later, Carl Wernicke, after whom Wernicke's area is named, proposed that different areas of the brain were specialized for ... The work of Broca and Wernicke established the field of aphasiology and the idea that language can be studied through examining ... Neurolinguistic techniques are also used to study disorders and breakdowns in language, such as aphasia and dyslexia, and how ...
Logorrhea is often associated with Wernicke's and other aphasias. Aphasia refers to the neurological disruption of language ... In a more extreme version of logorrhea aphasia, a clinician asked a male patient, also with Wernicke's aphasia, what brought ... When a clinician said, "Tell me what you do with a comb", to a patient with mild Wernicke's aphasia (which produces the symptom ... This ailment is often reported as a symptom of Wernicke's aphasia, where damage to the language processing center of the brain ...
October 1999). "Conduction aphasia and the arcuate fasciculus: A reexamination of the Wernicke-Geschwind model". Brain and ... Anomic aphasia (also known as dysnomia, nominal aphasia, and amnesic aphasia) is a mild, fluent type of aphasia where ... Conduction aphasia Expressive aphasia Lists of language disorders Primary progressive aphasia Receptive aphasia Tip of the ... These results suggest minimal word-production difficulty in anomic aphasia relative to other aphasia syndromes. Anomic aphasia ...
Carl Wernicke, German neurologist - Wernicke's aphasia, Wernicke's area, Wernicke encephalopathy, Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome. ...
... of Wernicke's aphasia. However, ever since the introduction of the term paragrammatism some students have pointed out that ... It is characteristic of fluent aphasia, most commonly receptive aphasia. Paragrammatism is sometimes called "extended ... Despite this persistent impression, errors of sentence structure and morphology do occur in fluent aphasia, although they take ... By contrast, expression in fluent aphasia usually appears grammatical, albeit with disruptions in content. ...
"Wernicke's Aphasia". National Aphasia Association. Retrieved 2016-12-09. Kean, Mary Louise. "Broca's and Wernicke's Aphasia". ... This area became known as Wernicke's area. Wernicke later hypothesized the relationship between Wernicke's area and Broca's ... The symptoms of Wernicke's aphasia are caused by damage to the posterior section of the superior temporal gyrus. Damage to the ... Wernicke's aphasia is associated with anomia, unknowingly making up words (neologisms), and problems with comprehension. ...
Transcortical sensory aphasia Wernicke's aphasia Hébert, S., Racette, A., Gagnon, L., & Peretz, I. (2003). Revisiting the ... Non-fluent aphasia, also called expressive aphasia, is a neurological disorder that deprives patients of the ability to express ... As non-fluent aphasia is usually caused by lesions in patients' left hemisphere, the undamaged right hemisphere is regarded by ... Music therapy for non-fluent aphasia is a method for treating patients who have lost the ability to speak after a stroke or ...
Broca's area Transcortical sensory aphasia Wernicke's aphasia Word salad Hicoka, Gregory (1 April 1998). "The neural ... Expressive aphasia is classified as non-fluent aphasia, as opposed to fluent aphasia. Diagnosis is done on a case-by-case basis ... Expressive aphasia, also known as Broca's aphasia, is a type of aphasia characterized by partial loss of the ability to produce ... Expressive aphasia occurs in approximately 12% of new cases of aphasia caused by stroke. In most cases, expressive aphasia is ...
Examples of these fluent aphasias include receptive or Wernicke's aphasia, anomic aphasia, conduction aphasia, and ... Wernicke's aphasia is characterized by fluent language with made up or unnecessary words with little or no meaning to speech. ... 20 (1). Huber, Mary (1944). "A Phonetic Approach to the Problem of Perception in a Case of Wernicke's Aphasia". Journal of ... These types of errors are associated with Wernicke's aphasia, among others. Phonemic paraphasias are often caused by lesions to ...
... is an ambiguous term. It may refer to: Wernicke aphasia: the eponymous term for receptive or sensory aphasia ... Carl Wernicke (1848-1905), the neurologist who described all of these syndromes. Wernicke's area, named after Carl Wernicke, a ... Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome, also called Korsakoff psychosis: a subacute dementia syndrome, often following Wernicke ... Wernicke encephalopathy: an acute neurological syndrome of ophthalmoparesis, ataxia, and encephalopathy brought on by thiamine ...
This is also one of the major differences between Wernicke's aphasia and Broca's aphasia. Those with Wernicke's aphasia ... For example, a person with Broca's aphasia may say "Boy... down.. taking... cookie", while a person with Wernicke's aphasia ... Broca's fissure produces the typical effects of a lesion in Broca's area (i.e., expressive aphasia). Some individuals afflicted ...
The damage leaves the major language networks, Broca's and Wernicke's areas and the arcuate fasiculus, unaffected. Brain injury ... Another form of aphasia related to TMoA is dynamic aphasia. Patients with this form of aphasia may present with a contiguity ... New research in aphasia treatment is showing the benefit of the Life Participation Approach to Aphasia (LPAA) in which goals ... There are some other forms of aphasia that relate to TMoA. For instance, adynamic aphasia is a form of TMoA that is ...
Thus, unambiguous cases of Broca's aphasia, Wernicke's aphasia, conduction aphasia, and anomic aphasia were selected. Ten ... The Boston Diagnostic Aphasia Examination is a neuropsychological battery used to evaluate adults suspected of having aphasia, ... Wernicke's, anomic, conduction, transcortical, transcortical motor, transcortical sensory, and global aphasia syndromes, ... and other comprehensive tests exist like the Western Aphasia Battery. The Boston Diagnostic Aphasia Examination provides a ...
Semantic paraphasias and jargon aphasia may be present. ... but comprehension is impaired unlike in expressive aphasia. ... Speech is fluent but comprehension is impaired unlike in expressive aphasia. Semantic paraphasias and jargon aphasia may be ... mental disorder » language disorder » aphasia. *Disorders Usually First Diagnosed in Infancy, Childhood, or Adolescence » ... neurodevelopmental disorder » Communication Disorders » language disorder » aphasia. * ...
... and wernickes aphasia? Answered by Dr. Peter Glusker: Aphasias: Aphasia is a problem with language (with speech sounds being ... Wernickes aphasia. : Wernickes aphasia patients have severe problems with communication. They even do not undertand their own ... Aphasias. : Aphasia is a problem with language (with speech sounds being normal). Wernicke and brocas areas are regions of the ... Broca aphasia. : Broca aphasia is a stroke affecting the speech area. The patient can understand you but is not normally able ...
rehabilitation methods and speech therapy for Wernickes aphasia (1, 8-10). Receptive aphasia, also known as Wernickes aphasia ... Therefore Wernickes aphasia is also referred to as fluent aphasia or receptive aphasia. Tap clients left hand once for ... Fluent aphasia (also known as receptive aphasia or Wernickes aphasia) is a unique communication disorder that can cause a ... Byron had Wernickes aphasia, also called sensory, receptive, or fluent aphasia. Conduction Aphasia Sometimes also called ...
What is Aphasia Treatment. By shadase,2022-11-25T15:39:15+00:00November 26, 2022,Treatment, ...
Computer corpora of semi-spontaneous speech of two Finnish Wernicke aphasics. ... Computer corpora of semi-spontaneous speech of two Finnish Wernicke aphasics.. « Back. Download. You dont have the permission ... Joensuu Wernicke Aphasia Corpora https://kitwiki.csc.fi/twiki/bin/view/KitWiki/ ...
Gainotti G, Miceli G, Caltagirone C. Contiguity versus similarity paraphasic substitutions in Brocas and in Wernickes aphasia ... Contiguity versus similarity paraphasic substitutions in Brocas and in Wernickes aphasia. Guido Gainotti*, Gabriele Miceli, ... Contiguity versus similarity paraphasic substitutions in Brocas and in Wernickes aphasia. In: Journal of Communication ... Dive into the research topics of Contiguity versus similarity paraphasic substitutions in Brocas and in Wernickes aphasia. ...
"Aphasia". www.hopkinsmedicine.org. Retrieved 2022-04-27. "Wernicke area , Definition, Location, Function, & Facts , Britannica ... Carl Wernicke, a German neurologist, found a patient who could speak fluently but non-sensibly. The patient had been the victim ... Additionally, Aphasia is a learning disorder which was also discovered by Paul Broca. According to, Johns Hopkins School of ... This patient had a lesion in the area where the left parietal and temporal lobes meet, now known as Wernickes area. These ...
Aphasia is a condition that affects language. It occurs from things like a stroke, head injury, tumor, or neurological ... Like Wernickes aphasia, your sentences may have no obvious meaning. But unlike Wernickes aphasia, youre able to repeat ... Wernicke aphasia.. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK441951/. *. Anomic aphasia. (n.d.).. https://www.aphasia.org/aphasia- ... https://www.aphasia.org/aphasia-resources/global-aphasia/. *. Mayo Clinic Staff. (2018). Aphasia.. https://www.mayoclinic.org/ ...
Wernickes aphasia is a condition which results in severely disrupted language comprehension following a lesion to the left ... Wernickes aphasia participants showed significantly elevated thresholds compared to age and hearing matched control ... Revealing and quantifying the impaired phonological analysis underpinning impaired comprehension in Wernickes aphasia ... Acoustic?phonological thresholds correlated strongly with auditory comprehension abilities in Wernickes aphasia. In contrast, ...
Brocas aphasia. 40%. Wernickes aphasia. 30%. Global aphasia. 12%. Conduction aphasia. 9%. ...
Aphasia Therapy. Approximately one third of patients with acute stroke have clinical features of aphasia. Language function in ... Patients with global aphasia associated with large lesions may show only minor recovery, but recovery may be quite good in ... Patients with global aphasia tend to progress slowly, with comprehension often improving more than expressive ability does. ... The communicative ability of patients who initially have global aphasia improves over a longer period of time, up to a year or ...
Also called Wernickes or motor aphasia.. foley catheter - This is a tube inserted into the urinary bladder for drainage of ... motor aphasia - see non-fluent aphasia. motor control - regulation of the timing and amount of contraction of muscles of the ... sensory aphasia - see fluent aphasia.. sensory integration - interaction of two or more sensory processes in a manner that ... aphasia - loss of the ability to express oneself and/or to understand language. Caused by damage to brain cells rather than ...
Wernickes aphasia: Damage to the Wernicke area of ​​the brain causes speech disorders, which are expressed mainly through the ... Causes of aphasia. Aphasia almost always results from injury or damage to one or more areas of the brain. Several areas in the ... global aphasiaThe most severe form of aphasia has serious consequences for language formation and understanding. Spoken ... In 1983, the Aachen Aphasia test, a standardized test for determining the form and severity of aphasia, was developed in ...
The anterior temporal lobes support residual comprehension in Wernickes aphasia. Brain 137, 931-943. doi: 10.1093/brain/awt373 ... 2011) revealed that the application of anodal tDCS over Wernickes area while learning new words significantly improved the ... The behavioral patterns and neural correlates of concrete and abstract verb processing in aphasia: a novel verb semantic ...
Global Aphasia. If damage encompasses both Wernickes and Brocas areas, global aphasia can occur. In this case, all aspects of ... receptive aphasia). Others with aphasia struggle with both using words and understanding (global aphasia). Aphasia can cause ... Wernickes Aphasia. Damage to the posterior superior areas of the language dominant temporal lobe (often called Wernickes area ... In contrast to Brocas aphasia, the person with Wernickes aphasia talks volubly and gestures freely. Speech is produced ...
Most people have never heard about aphasia until they or someone they know are impacted personally. Here is what you need to ... Transcortical Sensory Aphasia. *Wernickes Aphasia. *How Common is Aphasia?. *What Are Symptoms of Aphasia? *Difficulty With ... Aphasia can improve with time and therapy. Working with a speech-language pathologist can help someone with aphasia make as ... There are several different types of aphasia. While there are common characteristics, each type of aphasia presents unique ...
Aphasia - Etiology, pathophysiology, symptoms, signs, diagnosis & prognosis from the MSD Manuals - Medical Professional Version ... Wernicke aphasia Patients with Wernicke aphasia speak normal words fluently, often including meaningless phonemes, but do not ... There are other types of aphasia (see table Types of Aphasia Types of Aphasia ), which may overlap considerably. No aphasia ... Types of Aphasia Aphasia is broadly divided into receptive and expressive aphasia. ...
i,Aim,/i,. This paper discusses the literature on bilingual aphasia therapy, with a focus on cross-linguistic therapy effects ... Thus, aphasiologists have increasingly focused on bilingual aphasia therapy and, more recently, on the identification of the ... and posttherapy in the adult bilingual population with poststroke aphasia and anomia are discussed with regard to variables ... most efficient procedures for triggering language recovery in bilinguals with aphasia. Therapy in both languages is often not ...
Most people have never heard about aphasia until they or someone they know are impacted personally. Here is what you need to ... Transcortical Sensory Aphasia. *Wernickes Aphasia. *How Common is Aphasia?. *What Are Symptoms of Aphasia? *Difficulty With ... Conduction aphasia is a type of aphasia in which the main impairment is in the inability to repeat words or phrases. Other ... Conduction aphasia is considered a mild form of aphasia and is relatively rare. ...
Progressive nonfluent aphasia. *Wernickes area. അവലംബം[തിരുത്തുക]. .mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5 ...
Receptive aphasia: cant understand questions-can check understanding by seeing if pt can follow commands. ... Expressive aphasia-may or may not be able to write it down. ...
7 Fluent Aphasia. The other main type of aphasia is known as fluent, or Wernickes, aphasia. It is usually caused by ... Aphasia refers to language disorders resulting from damage to the brain. Common causes are stroke and head trauma. Aphasia is ... Non-fluent aphasia-also called expressive, or motor, aphasia-is characterized by sparse and purposeful speech. People with this ... This has led to the disorders other nickname, "jargon aphasia.". Sentences of people with fluent aphasia may contain just a ...
Aphasia ( Brocas, Wernickes, Global) Cognition:[edit , edit source]. *Orientation: *Person. *Place. *Time ...
Brocas and Wernickes aphasia can be distinguished because Brocas aphasia involves the ___________ area of the brain and ... On the other hand, Wernickes aphasia involves the temporal/parietal area of the brain and results in difficulty with speech ... This means that individuals with Wernickes aphasia have difficulty understanding spoken and written language. ... while Wernickes aphasia involves the ____________ area of the brain and results in difficulty with speech ____________. *. A. ...
Wernickes Aphasia Brocas Aphasia Global Aphasia Conduction Aphasia Transcortical Sensory Aphasia Transcortical Motor Aphasia ... Chapter 4. Defining and Conceptualizing Aphasia What Is a Good Way to Define Aphasia? Aphasia Is Acquired Aphasia Has a ... Mixed Transcortical Aphasia What Is Primary Progressive Aphasia? What Other Syndromes of Aphasia Are There, and What Are Their ... Crossed Aphasia Subcortical Aphasia. Anomic Aphasia How Might Dyslexia and Dysgraphia Be Conceptualized as Symptoms Versus ...
Aphasia Inability to produce or understand language. *Brocas Aphasia: Dysfluent aphasia*Wernickes Aphasia: Fluent aphasia ...
When Debbie suffers a seizure the symptoms manifest as audio hallucinations and aphasia, (a loss of comprehension of both heard ... The tumour grew in what is known as the Wernickes Area of the brain named after German neurologist Carl Wernicke who first ... IMMA is proud to present ANUs The Wernickes Area, the result of a year-long IMMA residency. A highly personal project for the ... As part of the presentation of ANUs The Wernickes Area we are delighted to confirm four live performances which will take ...
June is Aphasia Awareness Month, an ideal time to shed some light on this little-known condition, which has been in the news ... Among the most common types are Wernickes aphasia, Brocas aphasia, global aphasia, and primary progressive aphasia (PPA)." ... Ted Baxter, Stroke/Aphasia Survivor, on Aphasia Awareness Month: People with Aphasia can Rehab, Recover, & Thrive. News ... Ted Baxter, Stroke/Aphasia Survivor, on Aphasia Awareness Month: People with Aphasia can Rehab, Recover, & Thrive. News ...

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