Anethum graveolens
The calcium-binding activity of a vacuole-associated, dehydrin-like protein is regulated by phosphorylation. (1/33)
A vacuole membrane-associated calcium-binding protein with an apparent mass of 45 kD was purified from celery (Apium graveolens). This protein, VCaB45, is enriched in highly vacuolate tissues and is located within the lumen of vacuoles. Antigenically related proteins are present in many dicotyledonous plants. VCaB45 contains significant amino acid identity with the dehydrin family signature motif, is antigenically related to dehydrins, and has a variety of biochemical properties similar to dehydrins. VCaB45 migrates anomalously in sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis having an apparent molecular mass of 45 kD. The true mass as determined by matrix-assisted laser-desorption ionization time of flight was 16.45 kD. VCaB45 has two characteristic dissociation constants for calcium of 0.22 +/- 0.142 mM and 0.64 +/- 0.08 mM, and has an estimated 24.7 +/- 11.7 calcium-binding sites per protein. The calcium-binding properties of VCaB45 are modulated by phosphorylation; the phosphorylated protein binds up to 100-fold more calcium than the dephosphorylated protein. VCaB45 is an "in vitro" substrate of casein kinase II (a ubiquitous eukaryotic kinase), the phosphorylation resulting in a partial activation of calcium-binding activity. The vacuole localization, calcium binding, and phosphorylation of VCaB45 suggest potential functions. (+info)Diversity of the superfamily of phloem lectins (phloem protein 2) in angiosperms. (2/33)
Phloem protein 2 (PP2) is one of the most abundant and enigmatic proteins in the phloem sap. Although thought to be associated with structural P-protein, PP2 is translocated in the assimilate stream where its lectin activity or RNA-binding properties can exert effects over long distances. Analyzing the diversity of these proteins in vascular plants led to the identification of PP2-like genes in species from 17 angiosperm and gymnosperm genera. This wide distribution of PP2 genes in the plant kingdom indicates that they are ancient and common in vascular plants. Their presence in cereals and gymnosperms, both of which lack structural P-protein, also supports a wider role for these proteins. Within this superfamily, PP2 proteins have considerable size polymorphism. This is attributable to variability in the length of the amino terminus that extends from a highly conserved domain. The conserved PP2 domain was identified in the proteins encoded by six genes from several cucurbits, celery (Apium graveolens), and Arabidopsis that are specifically expressed in the sieve element-companion cell complex. The acquisition of additional modular domains in the amino-terminal extensions of other PP2-like proteins could reflect divergence from its phloem function. (+info)Cross-reactive N-glycans of Api g 5, a high molecular weight glycoprotein allergen from celery, are required for immunoglobulin E binding and activation of effector cells from allergic patients. (3/33)
Allergy diagnosis relying on the determination of specific IgE is frequently complicated by the presence of cross-reacting IgE of unclear clinical relevance. Particularly, the anaphylactogenic activity of IgE directed to cross-reactive carbohydrate moieties of glycoproteins from plants and invertebrates has been a matter of debate. In this study, we present the biochemical and immunological characterization of Api g 5, a glycoprotein allergen from celery with homology to FAD containing oxidases. Carbohydrate analysis of the allergen revealed the presence of glycans carrying fucosyl and xylosyl residues, structures previously shown to bind IgE. Chemical deglycosylation of the protein completely abolished binding of serum IgE from all 14 patients tested. Likewise, basophils from a patient allergic to mugwort pollen and celery were stimulated only by native Api g 5, whereas the deglycosylated allergen did not trigger release of histamine. IgE inhibition immunoblots showed that native Api g 5 other than the deglycosylated protein completely inhibited IgE binding to high molecular weight allergens in protein extracts from birch pollen, mugwort pollen, and celery. A similar inhibition was accomplished using the IgE binding oligosaccharide, MUXF, coupled to bovine serum albumin. All these observations taken together confer convincing evidence that IgE directed to cross-reactive carbohydrates is capable of eliciting allergic reactions in vivo. (+info)Synthesis of L-ascorbic acid in the phloem. (4/33)
BACKGROUND: Although plants are the main source of vitamin C in the human diet, we still have a limited understanding of how plants synthesise L-ascorbic acid (AsA) and what regulates its concentration in different plant tissues. In particular, the enormous variability in the vitamin C content of storage organs from different plants remains unexplained. Possible sources of AsA in plant storage organs include in situ synthesis and long-distance transport of AsA synthesised in other tissues via the phloem. In this paper we examine a third possibility, that of synthesis within the phloem. RESULTS: We provide evidence for the presence of AsA in the phloem sap of a wide range of crop species using aphid stylectomy and histochemical approaches. The activity of almost all the enzymes of the primary AsA biosynthetic pathway were detected in phloem-rich vascular exudates from Cucurbita pepo fruits and AsA biosynthesis was demonstrated in isolated phloem strands from Apium graveolens petioles incubated with a range of precursors (D-glucose, D-mannose, L-galactose and L-galactono-1,4-lactone). Phloem uptake of D-[U-14C]mannose and L-[1-14C]galactose (intermediates of the AsA biosynthetic pathway) as well as L-[1-14C]AsA and L-[1-14C]DHA, was observed in Nicotiana benthamiana leaf discs. CONCLUSIONS: We present the novel finding that active AsA biosynthesis occurs in the phloem. This process must now be considered in the context of mechanisms implicated in whole plant AsA distribution. This work should provoke studies aimed at elucidation of the in vivo substrates for phloem AsA biosynthesis and its contribution to AsA accumulation in plant storage organs. (+info)Elevated temperature enhances virulence of Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora strain EC153 to plants and stimulates production of the quorum sensing signal, N-acyl homoserine lactone, and extracellular proteins. (5/33)
Erwinia carotovora subsp. atroseptica, E. carotovora subsp. betavasculorum, and E. carotovora subsp. carotovora produce high levels of extracellular enzymes, such as pectate lyase (Pel), polygalacturonase (Peh), cellulase (Cel), and protease (Prt), and the quorum-sensing signal N-acyl-homoserine lactone (AHL) at 28 degrees C. However, the production of these enzymes and AHL by these bacteria is severely inhibited during growth at elevated temperatures (31.2 degrees C for E. carotovora subsp. atroseptica and 34.5 degrees C for E. carotovora subsp. betavasculorum and most E. carotovora subsp. carotovora strains). At elevated temperatures these bacteria produce high levels of RsmA, an RNA binding protein that promotes RNA decay. E. carotovora subsp. carotovora strain EC153 is an exception in that it produces higher levels of Pel, Peh, Cel, and Prt at 34.5 degrees C than at 28 degrees C. EC153 also causes extensive maceration of celery petioles and Chinese cabbage leaves at 34.5 degrees C, which correlates with a higher growth rate and higher levels of rRNA and AHL. The lack of pectinase production by E. carotovora subsp. carotovora strain Ecc71 at 34.5 degrees C limits the growth of this organism in plant tissues and consequently impairs its ability to cause tissue maceration. Comparative studies with ahlI (the gene encoding a putative AHL synthase), pel-1, and peh-1 transcripts documented that at 34.5 degrees C the RNAs are more stable in EC153 than in Ecc71. Our data reveal that overall metabolic activity, AHL levels, and mRNA stability are responsible for the higher levels of extracellular protein production and the enhanced virulence of EC153 at 34.5 degrees C compared to 28 degrees C. (+info)Repellent properties of celery, Apium graveolens L., compared with commercial repellents, against mosquitoes under laboratory and field conditions. (6/33)
In our search for new bioactive products against mosquito vectors, we reported the slightly larvicidal and adulticidal potency, but remarkable repellency of Apium graveolens both in laboratory and field conditions. Repellency of the ethanolic preparation of hexane-extracted A. graveolens was, therefore, investigated and compared with those of 15 commercial mosquito repellents including the most widely used, DEET. Hexane-extracted A. graveolens showed a significant degree of repellency in a dose-dependent manner with vanillin added. Ethanolic A. graveolens formulations (10-25% with and without vanillin) provided 2-5 h protection against female Aedes aegypti. Repellency that derived from the most effective repellent, 25% of hexane-extracted A. graveolens with the addition of 5% vanillin, was comparable to the value obtained from 25% of DEET with 5% vanillin added. Moreover, commercial repellents, except formulations of DEET, showed lower repellency than that of A. graveolens extract. When applied on human skin under field conditions, the hexane-extracted A. graveolens plus 5% vanillin showed a strong repellent action against a wide range of mosquito species belonging to various genera. It had a protective effect against Aedes gardnerii, Aedes lineatopennis, Anopheles barbirostris, Armigeres subalbatus, Culex tritaeniorhynchus, Culex gelidus, Culex vishnui group and Mansonia uniformis. The hexane-extracted A. graveolens did not cause a burning sensation or dermal irritation when applied to human skin. No adverse effects were observed on the skin or other parts of the human volunteers' body during 6 months of the study period or in the following 3 months, after which time observations ceased. Therefore, A. graveolens can be a potential candidate for use in the development of commercial repellents that may be an alternative to conventional synthetic chemicals, particularly in community vector control applications. (+info)Potent odorants characterize the aroma quality of leaves and stalks in raw and boiled celery. (7/33)
The raw and boiled odors of celery leaves and stalks were investigated. Among 12 compounds identified as potent odorants, 3-n-butylphthalide 1, sedanenolide 2, and trans- and cis-sedanolides 3, 4 were assessed to be most contributive to the overall odor of celery. These three phthalides, (3E,5Z)-1,3,5-undecatriene, myrcene, and (E)-2-nonenal were common to both raw and boiled materials. Two compounds, ((Z)-3-hexenal and (Z)-3-hexenol), were dominant in raw materials and four compounds, (2-methylbutanoic acid, sotolon, beta-damascenone, and beta-ionone), were dominant in boiled materials. Sensory evaluations were performed on natural celery odor and a series of reconstructed model aromas by assigning each intensity ratings for a set of seven odor qualities which aptly describe the odors of raw and boiled celery. According to the evaluation results, six common components contributed to the moderate odor of raw celery, two components dominant in raw materials enhanced the raw celery character, and four components dominant in boiled materials reduced the raw celery character and enhanced the boiled celery character. It was clarified that boiling-induced changes in celery odor were not affected by the amounts of phthalides, but by thermally generated compounds such as sotolon, beta-damascenone, and beta-ionone, which reduce the "green spicy" note. (+info)Host range of Cercospora apii and C. beticola and description of C. apiicola, a novel species from celery. (8/33)
The genus Cercospora is one of the largest and most heterogeneous genera of hyphomycetes. Cercospora species are distributed worldwide and cause Cercospora leaf spot on most of the major plant families. Numerous species described from diverse hosts and locations are morphologically indistinguishable from C. apii and subsequently are referred to as C. apii sensu lato. The importance and ecological role that different hosts play in taxon delimitation and recognition within this complex remains unclear. It has been shown that Cercospora leaf spot on celery and sugar beet are caused respectively by C. apii and C. beticola, both of which are part of the C. apii complex. During this study we characterized a new Cercospora species, C. apiicola, which was isolated from celery in Venezuela, Korea and Greece. The phylogenetic relationship between C. apiicola and other closely related Cercospora species was studied with five different gene areas. These analyses revealed that the C. apiicola isolates cluster together in a well defined clade. Both C. apii and C. beticola sensu stricto form well defined clades and are shown to have wider host ranges and to represent distinct species. (+info)'Apium graveolens' is the scientific name for a plant species that includes both cultivated celery and wild celery. Here is the medical/botanical definition:
Common Name: Celery (Cultivated)
Scientific Name: Apium graveolens L. var. dulce
Family: Apiaceae (Carrot family)
Description: A biennial or sometimes perennial herb, cultivated for its fleshy leafstalks, which are eaten raw or cooked. The leaves and seeds are also used as flavorings and in traditional medicine.
Cultivated celery has been selected for its enlarged leafstalks, while wild celery (Apium graveolens var. graveolens) is a marshland plant with aromatic, hollow stems, feathery leaves, and small, whitish flowers in umbels.
Native Range: Originally from the Mediterranean region, but now widely cultivated throughout the world.
Medicinal Uses: Celery seeds and extracts have been used in traditional medicine for various purposes, including as a diuretic, an anti-inflammatory agent, and to treat kidney problems, arthritis, and gout. Some studies suggest that celery seeds may help lower blood pressure and cholesterol levels, but more research is needed to confirm these potential benefits and understand the risks.
Precautions: Celery can cause allergic reactions in some people, especially those with existing allergies to birch pollen or mugwort. Ingesting large amounts of celery seeds may have hormone-like effects due to a compound called apigenin, which could potentially interfere with certain medications and medical conditions. Pregnant women should avoid consuming excessive amounts of celery seeds, as they might stimulate the uterus and lead to premature labor or miscarriage.
'Anethum graveolens' is the medical term for a plant species more commonly known as dill. Dill is an herb that belongs to the Apiaceae family and is native to Europe, Asia, and North Africa. It has been used in traditional medicine for its carminative, antispasmodic, and sedative properties. The seeds and leaves of dill are used in cooking to add flavor to various dishes, and they are also used to make essential oils and extracts.
In a medical context, dill is sometimes used as a natural remedy for digestive issues such as bloating, gas, and indigestion. It may also have antibacterial and antifungal properties, although more research is needed to confirm these effects. Dill should not be used as a substitute for professional medical advice or treatment.
"Ruta" is a botanical name for the herb commonly known as Rue. In a medical context, it may refer to the dried leaves of this plant (Ruta graveolens), which have been used in traditional medicine for various purposes such as treating anxiety, menstrual cramps, and skin conditions. However, it's important to note that the use of Ruta in modern medicine is not well-studied, and its effectiveness for these uses is not established. Additionally, Ruta can have toxic effects and should be used with caution under the guidance of a healthcare professional.
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Apiaceae2
- Anethum graveolens L. is a plant species of the family APIACEAE. (lookformedical.com)
- Celery (Apium graveolens) is a marshland plant in the family Apiaceae that has been cultivated as a vegetable since antiquity. (wikipedia.org)
Celery Seed1
- At Radiance Apothecary, we source only the highest quality Celery Seed Oil (Apium graveolens) from the best habitats around the world. (forestclay.com)
Seeds1
- Grow a garden filled with the refreshing scent of Celery 52-70, from freshly harvested Apium graveolens seeds. (seedneeds.com)
Celeriac3
- LON-CAPA Celeriac (Apium graveolens L. var. (msu.edu)
- In Europe, another popular variety is celeriac (also known as celery root), Apium graveolens var. (wikipedia.org)
- Partial purification and characterization of mannitol: mannose 1-oxidoreductase from celeriac (Apium graveolens var. (wikipedia.org)
Ruta1
- Ruta graveolens L. (fda.gov)
Extract1
- Anti-inflammatory, Analgesic and Antioxidant Activities of the Hydroalcoholic Extract from Celery ( Apium graveolens ) Leaves. (uns.ac.id)
Botanical Name2
- Botanical name: Apium graveolens var. (horticopia.net)
- Ajmoda, Celery (Apium Graveolens) Description of plant Apium graveolens, the botanical name of Ajamoda. (planetayurveda.com)
Plant1
- Celery (Apium graveolens) is a plant that grows throughout the world. (webmd.com)
Anethum1
- Anethum graveolens L. (fda.gov)
Biennial1
- Wild celery Apium graveolens is a biennial, that produces umbels of white flowers in its second year, with flowering peaking in early August. (anhso.org.uk)
Grows1
- graveolens, grows to 1 m (3 ft 3 in) tall. (wikipedia.org)
Utah1
- Celery 'Tall Utah' (Apium graveolens var. (biosphoto.com)
Found1
- graveolens), which is found in the whole mediterranean area and in North Europe on saliferous soils. (msu.edu)
Wild Celery1
- Wild celery, Apium graveolens var. (wikipedia.org)
Celeriac4
- Celeriac Giant Prague (Apium graveolens var. (mygarden.org)
- In Europe, another popular variety is celeriac (also known as celery root), Apium graveolens var. (wikipedia.org)
- Partial purification and characterization of mannitol: mannose 1-oxidoreductase from celeriac (Apium graveolens var. (wikipedia.org)
- dulce) & Celeriac (A. graveolens var. (westcoastseeds.com)
Chinese Celery2
- Chinese Celery, also known as leaf celery or smallage, is a variety of celery (Apium graveolens) that is commonly used in Chinese cuisine. (myseeds.co)
- L-3-n-butylphthalide (L-NBP), an extract from seeds of Apium graveolens Linn (Chinese celery), has been shown to have neuroprotective effects on cerebral ischemic, vascular dementia and amyloid-β (Aβ)-induced animal models by inhibiting oxidative injury, neuronal apoptosis and glial activation, regulating amyloid-β protein precursor (AβPP) processing and reducing Aβ generation. (nih.gov)
Seeds1
- The researchers describe butylphthalide as a cerebroprotective drug that was originally extracted from seeds of Apium graveolens . (medscape.com)
Seledri2
- Sejumlah tanaman memiliki aktivitas sebagai antiinflamasi salah satunya adalah tanaman seledri (Apium groveolens). (uns.ac.id)
- Ekstrak Etanolik Seledri (Apium graveolens L.) Memperbaiki Indeks Aktivitas Penyakit Kolitis Ulseratif dan Makroskopik Panjang Kolon Pada Tikus Yang di Induksi Asam Asetat. (uns.ac.id)
Leaf1
- The effects of celery leaf (apium graveolens L.) treatment on blood glucose and insulin levels in elderly pre-diabetics. (greenmedinfo.com)
Nodiflorum1
- As folhas têm um forte cheiro a aipo quando esmagadas, ao contrário de Apium nodiflorum . (flora-on.pt)
Mannitol1
- Involved in the biosynthesis of mannitol in celery (Apium graveolens) leaves. (genome.jp)
Ingredients1
- Counterfeit or substandard drugs are pharmaceutical formulations in which the active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) have been replaced or ingredients do not comply with the drug leaflet. (bvsalud.org)
Indications1
- Below are the main rubriks (i.e strongest indications or symptoms) of Apium Graveolens in traditional homeopathic usage , not approved by the FDA. (abchomeopathy.com)
Tall1
- graveolens, grows to 1 m (3 ft 3 in) tall. (wikipedia.org)