Carcinoid of the appendix during laparoscopic cholecystectomy: unexpected benefits. (1/160)

Carcinoid tumors of the midgut arise from the distal duodenum, jejunum, ileum, appendix, ascending and right transverse colon. The appendix and terminal ileum are the most common location. The majority of carcinoid tumors originate from neuroendocrine cells along the gastrointestinal tract, but they are also found in the lung, ovary, and biliary tracts. We report the first case of elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy in which we found a suspicious lesion at the tip of the appendix and proceeded to perform a laparoscopic appendectomy. The lesion revealed a carcinoid tumor of the appendix.  (+info)

Molecular genetic evidence supporting the clonality and appendiceal origin of Pseudomyxoma peritonei in women. (2/160)

Pseudomyxoma peritonei (PMP) is a poorly understood condition characterized by mucinous ascites and multifocal peritoneal mucinous tumors. Women with PMP often have mucinous tumors involving both the appendix and the ovaries. Several previous histopathological and immunohistochemical studies of PMP have suggested that most, if not all, cases of PMP in women are derived from mucinous adenomas of the appendix rather than from primary ovarian tumors. A few studies of the molecular genetics of PMP have been recently reported. However, these studies analyzed only a small number of cases and some included a heterogeneous group of mucinous tumors, including both benign and malignant appendiceal and ovarian tumors. We analyzed K-ras mutations and allelic losses of chromosomes 18q, 17p, 5q, and 6q in a substantial number of morphologically uniform cases of PMP with synchronous ovarian and appendiceal tumors as well as in appendiceal mucinous adenomas (MAs) and ovarian mucinous tumors of low malignant potential (MLMPs) unassociated with PMP. Each of the 16 PMP cases (100%) analyzed demonstrated identical K-ras mutations in the appendiceal adenoma and corresponding synchronous ovarian tumor. K-ras mutations were identified in 11 of 16 (69%) appendiceal MAs unassociated with PMP and in 12 of 16 (75%) ovarian MLMPs unassociated with PMP. Two PMP cases showed identical allelic losses in the matched ovarian and appendiceal tumors. A discordant pattern of allelic loss between the ovarian and appendiceal tumors at one or two of the loci tested was observed in six PMP cases. In all but one instance, LOH was observed in the ovarian tumor, whereas both alleles were retained in the matched appendiceal lesion, suggesting tumor progression in a secondary (metastatic) site. Our findings strongly support the conclusion that mucinous tumors involving the appendix and ovaries in women with PMP are clonal and derived from a single site, most likely the appendix.  (+info)

Morphological-histochemical study of intestinal carcinoids and K-ras mutation analysis in appendiceal carcinoids. (3/160)

Intestinal carcinoids are potentially malignant neoplasms. Their histogenesis and pathogenesis are currently uncertain. The morphological and histochemical characteristics of twenty intestinal carcinoids are studied. The primary sites of three mucin-producing tumors were examined by electron microscope. Furthermore 11 appendiceal carcinoids were analysed by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the detection of ras and p53 point mutations. Microscopically all carcinoids were of mixed type. Focal mucin production was evident in three carcinoids that metastasised to regional lymph nodes. HID-Alcian blue staining proved that mucin in both primary and secondary foci did not belong to the sulphated group. The secretory granules and mucin droplets found in a single neoplastic cell suggest that carcinoids of the small intestine and some of the appendix arise from the endoderm. Neither ras nor p53 mutations were detected. It seems that ras oncogenes are probably not involved in the pathogenesis of appendiceal carcinoids.  (+info)

Malignant mesothelioma eight years after a diagnosis of atypical mesothelial hyperplasia. (4/160)

The separation of mesothelial hyperplasia from early malignant mesothelioma remains one of the most difficult problems in histopathology. Inconclusive cases are termed "atypical mesothelial hyperplasia" and treated expectantly. A 49 year old male pipeline engineer was diagnosed as having atypical mesothelial hyperplasia in appendiceal serosa by the US-Canadian Mesothelioma Panel. Eight years later, he developed overtly malignant peritoneal and pleural mesothelioma. In hindsight, histological similarities between the diffuse malignant mesothelioma and the atypical mesothelial proliferation suggested malignancy from the outset. The most important of these features were the degree of mesothelial proliferation, micronodularity, architectural complexity, superficial invasion, uniform mild cytological atypia, and the absence of a clinical cause for a benign mesothelial proliferation. Ancillary investigations including immunohistochemistry were of no benefit in determining whether the atypical mesothelial hyperplasia was benign or malignant. Careful histological examination remains the mainstay of the diagnosis of early mesothelioma.  (+info)

The coexistence of low-grade mucinous neoplasms of the appendix and appendiceal diverticula: a possible role in the pathogenesis of pseudomyxoma peritonei. (5/160)

We examined 38 appendectomies with diagnoses of mucocele, diverticulum, or adenoma to study the coincidence of appendiceal diverticula and appendiceal low-grade mucinous neoplasms and to examine the possible role of diverticula in the pathogenesis of pseudomyxoma peritonei. Invasive adenocarcinomas and retention cysts were excluded (six cases). Cases were classified as adenomas or mucinous tumors of unknown malignant potential, with or without diverticula. Medical records were reviewed for multiple parameters, including presenting symptoms, presence of pseudomyxoma peritonei, and presence of associated malignancies. Binomial statistics were used to calculate the probability that the observed prevalence of low-grade mucinous neoplasms and diverticula together was significantly different from the expected prevalence of diverticula or low-grade mucinous neoplasms alone, using historical controls from the literature. Twenty-five percent of the total cases (8 of 32) contained both a low-grade mucinous neoplasm (7 cystadenomas and 1 mucinous tumor of unknown malignant potential) and a diverticulum. Thus, 8 of 19 low-grade mucinous neoplasms (42%) were associated with diverticula. Of the appendices with both low-grade mucinous neoplasms and diverticula, three contained dissecting acellular mucin within the appendiceal wall, four showed diverticular perforation, and one had pseudomyxoma peritonei associated with the ruptured diverticulum. A significant percentage (P < .001) of cases contained low-grade mucinous neoplasms and diverticula together. The case of coexistent low-grade mucinous neoplasm, diverticulum, and pseudomyxoma peritonei suggests that diverticula could play a role in the pathogenesis of pseudomyxoma peritonei. This could occur either by involvement of preexisting diverticula by the neoplasm or by distention of the appendiceal lumen by mucin, leading to increased intraluminal pressure and subsequent diverticulum formation at a weak area in the wall. Either mechanism might allow low-grade mucinous neoplasms to penetrate the appendiceal wall more easily.  (+info)

Pyomyositis mimicking right iliac fossa mass: review of the literature. (6/160)

Pyomyositis is a pyogenic infection of skeletal muscle. Its incidence in temperate countries though low is rising. Most cases from the temperate region involve immuno-compromised patients. The onset is usually insidious with progression to large purulent collections. Because of its low incidence in temperate countries, it is often initially misdiagnosed. A high index of suspicion with appropriate imaging techniques, aggressive surgical intervention and adjunctive antibiotic therapy are the keys to prompt resolution. A case of pyomyositis mimicking right iliac fossa (RIF) mass is described with a review of the literature.  (+info)

Carcinoid syndrome symposium on treatment modalities for gastrointestinal carcinoid tumours: symposium summary. (7/160)

OBJECTIVE: To develop a collaborative approach for the treatment of gastrointestinal carcinoid tumours and carcinoid syndrome. PARTICIPANTS: Leaders in the medical, endocrine, radiologic and surgical treatment of carcinoid disease were selected to present papers at the Carcinoid Syndrome Symposium on Treatment Modalities for Gastrointestinal Carcinoid Tumours and participate in the workshop that followed. EVIDENCE: A multidisciplinary symposium with experts in the field of carcinoid syndrome was organized at the University of Calgary. Data presented, participation of the attendees and a review of the literature were used in the workshop to develop a collaborative approach to the management of carcinoid tumours. BENEFITS: Carcinoid tumours are rare and few centres have large experiences in their treatment. Before the development of this collaboration, patients with carcinoid tumours received a unidisciplinary approach depending on referral patterns. The development of a multidisciplinary neuroendocrine clinic helped to unify the approach to these patients, yet a consensus on the treatment of carcinoid tumours was lacking. The expertise at the symposium allowed for consensus and the development of treatment algorithms, including biochemical screening, radiographic localization and surgical intervention, for gastrointestinal carcinoid tumours. The role of medical and hormonal therapy after cytoreducion is presented. RECOMMENDATION: Patients with carcinoid tumours require a multidisciplinary approach to their care.  (+info)

Appendicular metastasis from carcinoma cervix. (8/160)

A young lady who was treated for early squamous cell carcinoma of cervix presented with perforated appendicitis. Appendicectomy was done and the histopathology was reported as metastatic squamous cell carcinoma. Squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix metastasizing to the appendix is extremely rare and we previously unreported.  (+info)

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