Athetosis
Paroxysmal kinesigenic choreoathetosis associated with frontotemporal arachnoid cyst--case report. (1/50)
A 17-year-old male presented with paroxysmal kinesigenic choreoathetosis (PKC) associated with frontotemporal arachnoid cyst. Xenon-133 single photon emission computed tomography detected a slight but equivocal decrease in regional cerebral blood flow in the vicinity of basal ganglia associated with the PKC episodes. PKC continued after surgical removal of the cyst but was well controlled by oral administration of carbamazepine. Whether the pathogenesis of symptomatic PKC was associated with the cortical lesion could not be determined in the present case. (+info)A new neurological syndrome with mental retardation, choreoathetosis, and abnormal behavior maps to chromosome Xp11. (2/50)
Choreoathetosis is a major clinical feature in only a small number of hereditary neurological disorders. We define a new X-linked syndrome with a unique clinical picture characterized by mild mental retardation, choreoathetosis, and abnormal behavior. We mapped the disease in a four-generation pedigree to chromosome Xp11 by linkage analysis and defined a candidate region containing a number of genes possibly involved in neuronal signaling, including a potassium channel gene and a neuronal G protein-coupled receptor. (+info)A second paroxysmal kinesigenic choreoathetosis locus (EKD2) mapping on 16q13-q22.1 indicates a family of genes which give rise to paroxysmal disorders on human chromosome 16. (3/50)
Paroxysmal kinesigenic choreoathetosis (PKC) is a rare paroxysmal movement disorder characterized by recurrent and brief attacks of choreiform or dystonic movements triggered or exacerbated by sudden voluntary movements. Some patients with PKC also have a history of infantile afebrile convulsions. PKC can be sporadic, or familial with autosomal dominant inheritance. PKC has been mapped to the pericentromeric region of human chromosome 16 in several Japanese families and in an African-American family, to regions which overlap by 9.8 cM (centiMorgan). Both regions overlap by 3.4 cM with a region containing a gene responsible for 'infantile convulsions and paroxysmal choreoathetosis' (ICCA). We have identified a second PKC locus (EKD2) on the long arm of chromosome 16 in a large Indian family with PKC. A maximum two-point LOD score of 3.66 (recombination fraction = 0.00, penetrance = 0.80) was obtained between PKC and D16S419. Haplotype and recombinant analysis localized EKD2 to a 15.8 cM region between D16S685 and D16S503. This region does not overlap with that identified in Japanese families, or with the ICCA locus. These results exclude one locus on chromosome 16 which causes both the ICCA and PKC syndromes; this suggests that there may be a cluster of genes on human chromosome 16 which lead to paroxysmal disorders. (+info)Delayed onset mixed involuntary movements after thalamic stroke: clinical, radiological and pathophysiological findings. (4/50)
Although occurrence of involuntary movements after thalamic stroke has occasionally been reported, studies using a sufficiently large number of patients and a control population are not available. Between 1995 and 1999, the author prospectively identified 35 patients with post-thalamic stroke delayed-onset involuntary movements, which included all or some degree of dystonia-athetosis-chorea-action tremor, occasionally associated with jerky, myoclonic components. A control group included 58 patients examined by the author during the same period who had lateral thalamic stroke but no involuntary movements. Demography, clinical features and imaging study results were compared. There were no differences in gender, age, risk factors, side of the lesion and follow-up periods. During the acute stage of stroke, the patients who had involuntary movements significantly more often had severe (< or = III/V) hemiparesis (50 versus 20%, P < 0.05) and severe sensory loss (in all modalities, P < 0.01) than the control group. At the time of assessment of involuntary movements, the patients with involuntary movements significantly more often had severe sensory deficit (in all modalities, P < 0.01) and severe limb ataxia (60 versus 5%, P < 0.01) than the control patients, but neither more severe motor dysfunction (7 versus 0%) nor more painful sensory symptoms (57 versus 57%). The patients with involuntary movements had a higher frequency of haemorrhagic (versus ischaemic) stroke (63 versus 31%, P < 0.05). Further analysis showed that dystonia-athetosis-chorea was closely associated with position sensory loss, whereas the tremor/myoclonic movements were related to cerebellar ataxia. Recovery of severe limb weakness seemed to augment the instability of the involuntary movements. Persistent failure of the proprioceptive sensory and cerebellar inputs in addition to successful, but unbalanced, recovery of the motor dysfunction seemed to result in a pathological motor integrative system and consequent involuntary movements in patients with relatively severe lateral-posterior thalamic strokes simultaneously damaging the lemniscal sensory pathway, the cerebellar-rubrothalamic tract and, relatively less severely, the pyramidal tract. (+info)Familial hyperargininaemia. (5/50)
A third case of hyperargininaemia occurring in one family was studied from birth. In cord blood serum arginine concentration was only slightly raised, but arginase activity in red blood cell haemolysates was very low. In the urine on day 2 a typical cystinuria pattern was present. Arginine concentration in serum increased to 158 mumol/100 ml on the 41st day of life. Later determinations of the arginase activity in peripheral blood showed values below the sensitivity of the method. Blood ammonia was consistently high, and cystinuria was present. The enzymatic defect was further displayed by intravenous loading tests with arginine. Serum urea values were predominantly normal or near the lower limit of normal, suggesting the presence of other metabolic pathways of urea synthesis. In urine there was no excretion of guanidinosuccinic acid, while the excretion of other monosubstituted guanidine derivatives was increased, pointing to a connexion with hyperargininaemia. Owing to parental attitude, a low protein diet (1-5 g/kg) was introduced only late. The infant developed severe mental retardation, athetosis, and spasticity. (+info)Persistent hemichorea associated with thyrotoxicosis. (6/50)
We describe a case with unilateral chorea associated with thyrotoxicosis. A 23-year-old female with no family history of neurological diseases acutely developed choreic movements of the left extremities during gross thyrotoxicosis. CT scan and MRI study demonstrated no abnormality. Single-photon emission CT with technetium Tc 99m-labeled hexamethylpropyleneamine oxime revealed normal cerebral perfusion. Although the choreic movements were partially improved by dopamine antagonist, they persisted for two months until successful treatment of the thyrotoxicosis finally abolished these movements. Increased sensitivity of dopamine receptors may be responsible for persistent choreic movements in thyrotoxicosis. (+info)DIAZEPAM: A PRELIMINARY STUDY OF ITS EFFECTS ON PATIENTS WITH ATHETOID CEREBRAL PALSY. (7/50)
Diazepam was administered to seven severely affected athetoid children for a period of two to three months to determine whether beneficial effects could be demonstrated from its use. All patients were started on a daily dose of 2.5 mg. and the dose was increased as tolerated. The patients were assessed by a neurologist, an occupational therapist, a physiotherapist and a speech therapist before and after the trial.The dose of diazepam cannot be determined in advance. The optimum dose must be established by trial in each individual patient. No beneficial effects were noted in four of these children. One of those who showed improvement became significantly worse when the drug was withdrawn and it was necessary to reinstitute the drug. The response in any individual patient is unpredictable. The most significant side effect was drowsiness. (+info)Follow-up study of patients with cerebral palsy. (8/50)
Of 319 patients with cerebral palsy recalled for reevaluation 15 years after the initial visit, 10 percent had died. Of the living, 55 percent had spasticity, 32 percent had athetosis, 4 percent had ataxia and 9 percent had mixed spasticity and athetosis; 38 percent had an intelligence quotient (IQ) less than 50, 24 percent between 50 and 79, and 38 percent had IQ above 80. There was a high correlation between overall functional outcome and intellectual level. Severity of physical disability, as measured by hand use, mobility and speech, also correlated with dependence, in part because increased severity of the disability was associated with decreased intellectual capacity generally.Twenty-five years after the initial visit, parental attitudes and personality intactness were evaluated (using the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory [MMPI]) and were correlated with satisfaction with status in life in 28 persons predicted to be independent on the 15-year study. Twenty (72 percent) of the 28 were satisfied with their status in life and of these, 16 were evaluated (with the MMPI) with 70 percent scoring in the normal range; 13 (65 percent) had parents with a positive attitude. Positive attitude was defined as parental feelings that the handicapped child was a worthy, valuable person, to be encouraged and assisted but not isolated from the world of nonhandicapped people. Careful serial assessment by professional teams combined with repeated long-term counseling of families can result in optimal outcome for the disability level involved, due to the primary role parents play in the development of a child's character and behavior. (+info)Athetosis is a medical term that describes a type of involuntary muscle movement. It is characterized by slow, writhing, and continuous movements that can affect the hands, feet, arms, or legs. These movements are not rhythmic and can be interrupted by other voluntary movements. Athetosis is often seen in individuals with certain neurological conditions, such as cerebral palsy or brain injury. It can also be a side effect of some medications. The exact cause of athetosis is not fully understood, but it is believed to result from damage to the basal ganglia, a part of the brain that helps regulate movement. Treatment for athetosis may include physical therapy, medication, or surgery, depending on the underlying cause and severity of the symptoms.
Athetosis
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Athetosis - Wikipedia
Athetosis
Athetosis resulting from basal ganglia injury - Health Video: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia
Chorea, Athetosis, and Hemiballismus - Neurologic Disorders - Merck Manuals Professional Edition
athetosis Archives - TheraTogs
Involuntary Movements: Causes, Diagnosis, and Treatment
Athetosis - What does it mean?
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Neuromotor assessment of cerebral palsy--pre/post test, The Wilson crisis, Athetosis
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Chorea9
- Athetosis (slow chorea) is nonrhythmic, slow, writhing, sinuous movements predominantly in distal muscles, often alternating with postures of the proximal limbs. (msdmanuals.com)
- many experts believe that when they occur together (as choreoathetosis), athetosis is a dystonia superimposed on chorea. (msdmanuals.com)
- Chorea and athetosis result from impaired inhibition of thalamocortical neurons by the basal ganglia. (msdmanuals.com)
- Chorea often occurs with athetosis, which adds twisting and writhing movements. (brainfacts.org)
- Additional abnormalities may include relatively slow, involuntary, continual writhing movements (athetosis) or chorea, a related condition characterized by irregular, rapid, jerky movements. (oneradionetwork.com)
- The prevalence rates of the other less common neurological disorders were 62 for hemiparesis (15 of which were for cerebrovascular accidents), 20 for cerebral palsy, 16 for optic atrophy, 12 for perceptive deafness, 10 for tropical spastic paraparesis, 7 for Parkinson's disease and 5 for motor neuron disease, ataxia and chorea/athetosis. (nih.gov)
- Any discussion of chorea must also address the related terms athetosis, choreoathetosis, and ballism (also known as ballismus). (medscape.com)
- Choreoathetosis is essentially an intermediate form (ie, a bit more rapid than the usual athetosis, slower than the usual chorea, or a mingling of chorea and athetosis within the same patient at different times or in different limbs). (medscape.com)
- Given that the only difference between chorea, choreoathetosis, and athetosis is the speed of movement, some neurologists argue that the term athetosis is unnecessary and even confusing. (medscape.com)
Ataxia3
- These sport classes include but are not limited to Para-triathletes with impairment of muscle power, range of movement, limb deficiency, hypertonia, ataxia, athetosis. (insidethegames.biz)
- This sport class includes athletes with a moderate degree of activity limitation such as athletes with, but not limited to, a through the shoulder amputation, complete loss of range of motion in one arm, athletes with a moderate combined upper and lower limb loss of muscle power or moderate neurological impairments such as ataxia or athetosis. (insidethegames.biz)
- This sport class includes athletes with a mild degree of activity limitation such as athletes with, but not limited to, a below the elbow arm amputation, below the knee amputation, partial loss of arm muscle power, lower limb deficiency or mild neurological impairments such as ataxia or athetosis. (insidethegames.biz)
Involuntary movements1
- Given this history, and her pathetic condition-with spasticity and athetosis, i.e., involuntary movements of both hands, to which was added a failure of the eyes to develop-I expected to find her both retarded and regressed. (nybooks.com)
Dystonia2
- While a majority of people with cerebral palsy have spasticity, a small percentage have involuntary movement disorders including dystonia and choreo-athetosis. (uclahealth.org)
- Deep brain stimulation, or DBS, has recently been used for some people with cerebral palsy who have dystonia or choreo-athetosis. (uclahealth.org)
Athetoid movements1
- Movements typical of athetosis are sometimes called athetoid movements. (wikipedia.org)
Movements of the hands1
- Athetosis can appear as early as 18 months from birth with first signs including difficulty feeding, hypotonia, spasm, and involuntary writhing movements of the hands, feet, and face, which progressively worsen through adolescence and at times of emotional distress. (wikipedia.org)
Symptom1
- Athetosis is a symptom primarily caused by the marbling, or degeneration of the basal ganglia. (wikipedia.org)
Slow1
- Athetosis is a continuous stream of slow, twisting or squirming-like motions usually involving your hands and feet. (clevelandclinic.org)
Severe2
- therefore children during the developmental age could possibly suffer from severe communication deficits such as speech impairment, hearing loss, and failed or delayed acquirement of sitting balance, although most people with athetosis have normal or near-normal intelligence. (wikipedia.org)
- The patient was a boy 12 years of age with hypotonic athetosis and such severe acetabular dysplasia that his hips dislocated laterally with the slightest adduction beyond neutral. (easystand.com)
Neck1
- A person usually has athetosis in the head, neck, tongue, or hands, but any part of the body can be affected. (keywen.com)
Search1
- These images are a random sampling from a Bing search on the term "Athetosis. (fpnotebook.com)
Condition1
- Athetosis is a condition marked by constant writhing movements. (medlineplus.gov)
Term1
- The term athetosis comes from the Greek word athetos (not fixed). (medscape.com)
Result1
- As a result, the uncontrollable writhing motions witnessed with athetosis deal with the over-activity of synapses within the basal ganglia. (wikipedia.org)
Spasticity2
- The mildest type was Salla disease, characterized by normal appearance and absence of neurologic findings at birth, followed by slowly progressive neurologic deterioration resulting in mild-to-moderate psychomotor delays, spasticity, athetosis, and epileptic seizures. (nih.gov)
- Diazepam can reduce spasticity and athetosis. (plantbasedandveganfood.com)
Hypertonia1
- Developmental delays can occur, and severe cases can be characterized by hypotonia of the trunk, hypertonia of the limbs, hypokinesia, athetosis, seizures, and swallowing difficulties. (medscape.com)
Chorea and athetosis1
- Chorea and athetosis result from impaired inhibition of thalamocortical neurons by the basal ganglia. (msdmanuals.com)
Limbs1
- Athetosis (slow chorea) is nonrhythmic, slow, writhing, sinuous movements predominantly in distal muscles, often alternating with postures of the proximal limbs. (msdmanuals.com)
Deficiency1
- Athetosis may involve patterns such as - kidney jing deficiency , liver wind among others. (yinyanghouse.com)
Basal ganglia2
- Athetosis is a symptom primarily caused by the marbling, or degeneration of the basal ganglia. (wikipedia.org)
- As a result, the uncontrollable writhing motions witnessed with athetosis deal with the over-activity of synapses within the basal ganglia. (wikipedia.org)
Physical disability1
- She says, "Because of my physical disability (CP, athetosis), my speech centre is also affected, so I use a speech computer in everyday life. (verbund.com)
Movement1
- Treatments for athetosis are not very effective, and in most cases are simply aimed at managing the uncontrollable movement, rather than the cause itself. (wikipedia.org)
Hypotonia2
- Athetosis can appear as early as 18 months from birth with first signs including difficulty feeding, hypotonia, spasm, and involuntary writhing movements of the hands, feet, and face, which progressively worsen through adolescence and at times of emotional distress. (wikipedia.org)
- Patients received 1 of 3 different types of rehabilitation according to their individual conditions: spasms, athetosis, muscle hypotonia. (healthcmi.com)
Dysfunction1
- Despite treatment with phototherapy and two double-volume exchange transfusions, on day 11, he developed athetosis, oral-motor dysfunction requiring a gastrostomy tube, and dental dysplasia. (cdc.gov)
Speech1
- therefore children during the developmental age could possibly suffer from severe communication deficits such as speech impairment, hearing loss, and failed or delayed acquirement of sitting balance, although most people with athetosis have normal or near-normal intelligence. (wikipedia.org)
Motor1
- En último término se producen alteraciones intelectuales, pérdida del control motor fino, ATETOSIS y corea difusa en la que participa la musculatura axial y de las extremidades, lo que produce un estado vegetativo dentro de los 10-15 años del desarrollo de la enfermedad. (bvsalud.org)