Autistic Disorder
Asperger Syndrome
Child Development Disorders, Pervasive
Irritable Mood
Social Behavior Disorders
Chromosomes, Human, Pair 15
Genetic Markers
Linkage Disequilibrium
Case-Control Studies
Bipolar Disorder
Mental Disorders
Oculomotor evidence for neocortical systems but not cerebellar dysfunction in autism. (1/2366)
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the functional integrity of cerebellar and frontal systems in autism using oculomotor paradigms. BACKGROUND: Cerebellar and neocortical systems models of autism have been proposed. Courchesne and colleagues have argued that cognitive deficits such as shifting attention disturbances result from dysfunction of vermal lobules VI and VII. Such a vermal deficit should be associated with dysmetric saccadic eye movements because of the major role these areas play in guiding the motor precision of saccades. In contrast, neocortical models of autism predict intact saccade metrics, but impairments on tasks requiring the higher cognitive control of saccades. METHODS: A total of 26 rigorously diagnosed nonmentally retarded autistic subjects and 26 matched healthy control subjects were assessed with a visually guided saccade task and two volitional saccade tasks, the oculomotor delayed-response task and the antisaccade task. RESULTS: Metrics and dynamics of the visually guided saccades were normal in autistic subjects, documenting the absence of disturbances in cerebellar vermal lobules VI and VII and in automatic shifts of visual attention. Deficits were demonstrated on both volitional saccade tasks, indicating dysfunction in the circuitry of prefrontal cortex and its connections with the parietal cortex, and associated cognitive impairments in spatial working memory and in the ability to voluntarily suppress context-inappropriate responses. CONCLUSIONS: These findings demonstrate intrinsic neocortical, not cerebellar, dysfunction in autism, and parallel deficits in higher order cognitive mechanisms and not in elementary attentional and sensorimotor systems in autism. (+info)Genome-wide scan for autism susceptibility genes. Paris Autism Research International Sibpair Study. (2/2366)
Family and twin studies have suggested a genetic component in autism. We performed a genome-wide screen with 264 microsatellites markers in 51 multiplex families, using non-parametric linkage methods. Families were recruited by a collaborative group including clinicians from Sweden, France, Norway, the USA, Italy, Austria and Belgium. Using two-point and multipoint affected sib-pair analyses, 11 regions gave nominal P -values of 0.05 or lower. Four of these regions overlapped with regions on chromosomes 2q, 7q, 16p and 19p identified by the first genome-wide scan of autism performed by the International Molecular Genetic Study of Autism Consortium. Another of our potential susceptibility regions overlapped with the 15q11-q13 region identified in previous candidate gene studies. Our study revealed six additional regions on chromosomes 4q, 5p, 6q, 10q, 18q and Xp. We found that the most significant multipoint linkage was close to marker D6S283 (maximum lod score = 2.23, P = 0.0013). (+info)Clarifying an ambiguous functional analysis with matched and mismatched extinction procedures. (3/2366)
Results of functional analysis were ambiguous in suggesting that self-injurious behavior (SIB) was maintained by escape, sensory reinforcement, or both. To help clarify these results, we compared escape extinction, sensory extinction, and the combined treatments. Sensory extinction proved to be a necessary and sufficient treatment, whereas escape extinction failed to decrease SIB. These analyses helped to clarify the function of SIB and to identify an effective and efficient treatment. (+info)Is integer arithmetic fundamental to mental processing?: the mind's secret arithmetic. (4/2366)
Unlike the ability to acquire our native language, we struggle to learn multiplication and division. It may then come as a surprise that the mental machinery for performing lightning-fast integer arithmetic calculations could be within us all even though it cannot be readily accessed, nor do we have any idea of its primary function. We are led to this provocative hypothesis by analysing the extraordinary skills of autistic savants. In our view such individuals have privileged access to lower levels of information not normally available through introspection. (+info)Etiology of infantile autism: a review of recent advances in genetic and neurobiological research. (5/2366)
The etiology of autism is complex, and in most cases the underlying pathologic mechanisms are unknown. Autism is a hetereogeneous disorder, diagnosed subjectively on the basis of a large number of criteria. Recent research has investigated genetics, in utero insults and brain function as well as neurochemical and immunological factors. On the basis of family and twin studies, there appears to be a genetic basis for a wide "autistic syndrome." About a quarter of cases of autism are associated with genetic disorders such as fragile X syndrome or with infectious diseases such as congenital rubella. Genetic studies have shown an association between autism markers of brain development such as 3 markers of the c-Harvey-ros oncogene and the homeobox gene EN2. In some cases, autism is associated with insults early in gestation, including thalidomide embryopathy. Autism may arise from abnormal central nervous system functioning, since most autistic patients have indications of brain dysfunction, and about half of them have abnormal electroencephalograms. Similarly, the pattern of evoked response potentials and conduction time is altered in autistic children. There is substantial evidence from neuroimaging studies that dysfunctions in the cerebellum and possibly the temporal lobe and association cortex occur in autistic symptoms. Neurochemical studies have investigated the role of serotonin, epinephrine and norepinephrine, since levels of these neurotransmitters are altered in autism, although other hypotheses implicate overactive brain opioid systems and changes in oxytocin neurotransmission. Autoimmunity may also play a role; antibodies against myelin basic protein are often found in children with autism, who also have increased eosinophil and basophil response to IgE-mediated reactions. In summary, the prevailing view is that autism is caused by a pathophysiologic process arising from the interaction of an early environmental insult and a genetic predisposition. (+info)Heterogeneity and the genetics of autism. (6/2366)
The objective of this review is to summarize recent data on the genetics of autism, highlight the evidence for genetic heterogeneity and extend the implications of these findings for the identification of susceptibility genes in this disorder. Family studies have shown that autism runs in families and twin studies indicate that the basis of that familial aggregation is genetic. As a result the prospects for the identification of susceptibility genes using either linkage or association studies are quite good. However, recent evidence is accumulating suggesting that the disorder is genetically heterogeneous; higher functioning individuals with autism may arise from separate genetic mechanisms that lower functioning ones. If true, this will make the detection of linkage and association much more difficult. (+info)The puzzle of autism: an ophthalmologic contribution. (7/2366)
PURPOSE: A previous study of 86 thalidomide-affected subjects with ophthalmic manifestations revealed the unexpected finding of autism in 4 of the 5 severely retarded individuals. The subjects had anomalies associated with an early gestational effect of thalidomide, including facial nerve palsy and incomitant strabismus. Because autism has been observed in a few cases of Mobius sequence (Mobius syndrome), a condition characterized by involvement of the sixth and seventh cranial nerves, the similarity to early thalidomide embryopathy suggested a relation between cranial nerve involvement and autism. The present study was undertaken to further evaluate the association of autism with patients manifesting findings of Mobius syndrome. METHODS: A prospective study of 25 Swedish patients with Mobius sequence was conducted. The patients had a complete multidisciplinary evaluation, including ophthalmologic and psychiatric examinations and standard testing for autism. Findings associated with autism were compared with the ocular and systemic anomalies of the 4 thalidomide-affected subjects. RESULTS: In the Mobius group 6 patients had autism, achieving the criteria for autism according to all the diagnostic manuals that were used. One patient showed autistic-like conditions meeting fewer numbers of the criteria. A few were too young to be meeting evaluated. Incomitant strabismus ranging from primary abduction defects alone to a horizontal gaze paresis pattern was noted in these patients, in addition to characteristic findings of seventh nerve paresis. Aberrant lacrimation was observed in many cases, especially often associated with autism. CONCLUSION: The common group of anomalies noted in both cases of thalidomide embryopathy and Mobius sequence suggests that brain-stem damage probably early in embryogenesis can sometimes be associated with autism. (+info)Spatial attention deficits in patients with acquired or developmental cerebellar abnormality. (8/2366)
Recent imaging and clinical studies have challenged the concept that the functional role of the cerebellum is exclusively in the motor domain. We present evidence of slowed covert orienting of visuospatial attention in patients with developmental cerebellar abnormality (patients with autism, a disorder in which at least 90% of all postmortem cases reported to date have Purkinje neuron loss), and in patients with cerebellar damage acquired from tumor or stroke. In spatial cuing tasks, normal control subjects across a wide age range were able to orient attention within 100 msec of an attention-directing cue. Patients with cerebellar damage showed little evidence of having oriented attention after 100 msec but did show the effects of attention orienting after 800-1200 msec. These effects were demonstrated in a task in which results were independent of the motor response. In this task, smaller cerebellar vermal lobules VI-VII (from magnetic resonance imaging) were associated with greater attention-orienting deficits. Although eye movements may also be disrupted in patients with cerebellar damage, abnormal gaze shifting cannot explain the timing and nature of the attention-orienting deficits reported here. These data may be consistent with evidence from animal models that suggest damage to the cerebellum disrupts both the spatial encoding of a location for an attentional shift and the subsequent gaze shift. These data are also consistent with a model of cerebellar function in which the cerebellum supports a broad spectrum of brain systems involved in both nonmotor and motor function. (+info)Autistic Disorder, also known as Autism or Classic Autism, is a neurodevelopmental disorder that affects communication and behavior. It is characterized by:
1. Persistent deficits in social communication and social interaction across multiple contexts, including:
* Deficits in social-emotional reciprocity;
* Deficits in nonverbal communicative behaviors used for social interaction;
* Deficits in developing, maintaining, and understanding relationships.
2. Restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior, interests, or activities, as manifested by at least two of the following:
* Stereotyped or repetitive motor movements, use of objects, or speech;
* Insistence on sameness, inflexible adherence to routines, or ritualized patterns of verbal or nonverbal behavior;
* Highly restricted, fixated interests that are abnormal in intensity or focus;
* Hyper- or hyporeactivity to sensory input or unusual interest in sensory aspects of the environment.
3. Symptoms must be present in the early developmental period (but may not become fully manifest until social demands exceed limited capacities) and limit or impair everyday functioning.
4. Symptoms do not occur exclusively during the course of a schizophrenia spectrum disorder or other psychotic disorders.
Autistic Disorder is part of the autism spectrum disorders (ASDs), which also include Asperger's Syndrome and Pervasive Developmental Disorder Not Otherwise Specified (PDD-NOS). The current diagnostic term for this category of conditions, according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5), is Autism Spectrum Disorder.
Asperger Syndrome is a developmental disorder that is part of the autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). It is characterized by significant difficulties in social interaction and nonverbal communication, as well as restricted and repetitive patterns of behavior and interests. However, people with Asperger Syndrome usually have normal or above-average intelligence and language development.
The following are some of the diagnostic criteria for Asperger Syndrome according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5):
1. Persistent deficits in social communication and social interaction across multiple contexts, including:
* Deficits in social-emotional reciprocity;
* Deficits in nonverbal communicative behaviors used for social interaction;
* Deficits in developing, maintaining, and understanding relationships.
2. Restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior, interests, or activities, as manifested by at least two of the following:
* Stereotyped or repetitive motor movements, use of objects, or speech;
* Insistence on sameness, inflexible adherence to routines, or ritualized patterns of verbal or nonverbal behavior;
* Highly restricted, fixated interests that are abnormal in intensity or focus;
* Hyper- or hyporeactivity to sensory input or unusual interest in sensory aspects of the environment.
3. Symptoms must be present in early childhood but may not become fully manifest until social demands exceed limited capacities or may be masked by learned strategies in later life.
4. Symptoms cause clinically significant impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning.
5. These disturbances are not better explained by intellectual disability (intellectual developmental disorder) or global developmental delay.
It's worth noting that the term "Asperger Syndrome" is no longer used in the DSM-5, and it has been subsumed under the broader category of autism spectrum disorder. However, many people still use the term to describe a particular presentation of ASD with normal language development and intelligence.
Pervasive developmental disorders (PDD) are a group of conditions that affect the development and functioning of the brain, leading to delays in many areas of development. The American Psychiatric Association's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) has replaced the term "pervasive developmental disorders" with "autism spectrum disorder" and "other neurodevelopmental disorders."
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent deficits in social communication and interaction across multiple contexts, as well as restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior, interests, or activities. The symptoms of ASD can range from mild to severe, and the condition affects approximately 1 in 54 children in the United States.
Other neurodevelopmental disorders that were previously classified as PDDs include:
1. Intellectual disability (ID): a condition characterized by significant limitations in intellectual functioning and adaptive behavior, which covers many everyday social and practical skills. This disorder used to be referred to as "mental retardation."
2. Communication disorders: these are disorders that affect an individual's ability to communicate, including language disorders, speech sound disorders, and stuttering.
3. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity.
4. Specific learning disorder: a neurodevelopmental disorder that affects an individual's ability to learn and use specific academic skills, such as reading, writing, or mathematics.
5. Motor disorders: these are disorders that affect an individual's movement and coordination, including developmental coordination disorder, stereotypic movement disorder, and tic disorders.
The medical definition of 'Child Development Disorders, Pervasive' has been replaced with more specific diagnoses in the DSM-5 to better reflect the diverse nature of these conditions and improve diagnostic accuracy and treatment planning.
Irritable mood is not a formal medical diagnosis, but it is often described as a symptom in various mental health conditions. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition (DSM-5) does not have a specific definition for irritable mood. However, the term "irritable" is used to describe a mood state in several psychiatric disorders such as:
1. Major Depressive Disorder (MDD): In MDD, an individual may experience an irritable mood along with other symptoms like depressed mood, loss of interest or pleasure, changes in appetite and sleep, fatigue, feelings of worthlessness or excessive guilt, difficulty thinking, concentrating, or making decisions, and recurrent thoughts of death or suicide.
2. Bipolar Disorder: In bipolar disorder, an individual may experience irritable mood during a manic or hypomanic episode. During these episodes, the person may also have increased energy, decreased need for sleep, racing thoughts, rapid speech, distractibility, and excessive involvement in pleasurable activities that have a high potential for painful consequences.
3. Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder (DMDD): This disorder is characterized by severe and recurrent temper outbursts that are grossly out of proportion to the situation and occur at least three times per week, along with an irritable or angry mood most of the time between temper outbursts.
4. Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD): In PMDD, an individual may experience irritability, anger, and increased interpersonal conflicts in addition to other symptoms like depressed mood, anxiety, and physical symptoms during the late luteal phase of their menstrual cycle.
It is essential to consult a mental health professional if you or someone else experiences persistent irritable mood or any other symptoms that may indicate an underlying mental health condition.
Social behavior disorders are a category of mental health conditions that are characterized by significant and persistent patterns of socially disruptive behavior. These behaviors may include aggression, impulsivity, defiance, and opposition to authority, which can interfere with an individual's ability to function in social, academic, or occupational settings.
Social behavior disorders can manifest in a variety of ways, depending on the age and developmental level of the individual. In children and adolescents, common examples include oppositional defiant disorder (ODD), conduct disorder (CD), and disruptive mood dysregulation disorder (DMDD). Adults with social behavior disorders may exhibit antisocial personality disorder or other related conditions.
It is important to note that social behavior disorders are not the result of poor parenting or a lack of discipline, but rather are thought to be caused by a combination of genetic, environmental, and neurobiological factors. Treatment for social behavior disorders typically involves a combination of behavioral therapy, medication, and social skills training.
Human chromosome pair 15 consists of two rod-shaped structures present in the nucleus of each cell in the human body. Each chromosome is made up of DNA tightly coiled around histone proteins, forming a complex structure called a chromatin.
Chromosomes come in pairs, with one chromosome inherited from each parent. Chromosome pair 15 includes two homologous chromosomes, meaning they have the same size, shape, and gene content but may contain slight variations in their DNA sequences.
These chromosomes play a crucial role in inheritance and the development and function of the human body. Chromosome pair 15 contains around 100 million base pairs of DNA and approximately 700 protein-coding genes, which are involved in various biological processes such as growth, development, metabolism, and regulation of gene expression.
Abnormalities in chromosome pair 15 can lead to genetic disorders, including Prader-Willi syndrome and Angelman syndrome, which are caused by the loss or alteration of specific regions on chromosome 15.
Genetic markers are specific segments of DNA that are used in genetic mapping and genotyping to identify specific genetic locations, diseases, or traits. They can be composed of short tandem repeats (STRs), single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs), or variable number tandem repeats (VNTRs). These markers are useful in various fields such as genetic research, medical diagnostics, forensic science, and breeding programs. They can help to track inheritance patterns, identify genetic predispositions to diseases, and solve crimes by linking biological evidence to suspects or victims.
Linkage disequilibrium (LD) is a term used in genetics that refers to the non-random association of alleles at different loci (genetic locations) on a chromosome. This means that certain combinations of genetic variants, or alleles, at different loci occur more frequently together in a population than would be expected by chance.
Linkage disequilibrium can arise due to various factors such as genetic drift, selection, mutation, and population structure. It is often used in the context of genetic mapping studies to identify regions of the genome that are associated with particular traits or diseases. High levels of LD in a region of the genome suggest that the loci within that region are in linkage, meaning they tend to be inherited together.
The degree of LD between two loci can be measured using various statistical methods, such as D' and r-squared. These measures provide information about the strength and direction of the association between alleles at different loci, which can help researchers identify causal genetic variants underlying complex traits or diseases.
A case-control study is an observational research design used to identify risk factors or causes of a disease or health outcome. In this type of study, individuals with the disease or condition (cases) are compared with similar individuals who do not have the disease or condition (controls). The exposure history or other characteristics of interest are then compared between the two groups to determine if there is an association between the exposure and the disease.
Case-control studies are often used when it is not feasible or ethical to conduct a randomized controlled trial, as they can provide valuable insights into potential causes of diseases or health outcomes in a relatively short period of time and at a lower cost than other study designs. However, because case-control studies rely on retrospective data collection, they are subject to biases such as recall bias and selection bias, which can affect the validity of the results. Therefore, it is important to carefully design and conduct case-control studies to minimize these potential sources of bias.
Bipolar disorder, also known as manic-depressive illness, is a mental health condition that causes extreme mood swings that include emotional highs (mania or hypomania) and lows (depression). When you become depressed, you may feel sad or hopeless and lose interest or pleasure in most activities. When your mood shifts to mania or hypomania (a less severe form of mania), you may feel euphoric, full of energy, or unusually irritable. These mood swings can significantly affect your job, school, relationships, and overall quality of life.
Bipolar disorder is typically characterized by the presence of one or more manic or hypomanic episodes, often accompanied by depressive episodes. The episodes may be separated by periods of normal mood, but in some cases, a person may experience rapid cycling between mania and depression.
There are several types of bipolar disorder, including:
* Bipolar I Disorder: This type is characterized by the occurrence of at least one manic episode, which may be preceded or followed by hypomanic or major depressive episodes.
* Bipolar II Disorder: This type involves the presence of at least one major depressive episode and at least one hypomanic episode, but no manic episodes.
* Cyclothymic Disorder: This type is characterized by numerous periods of hypomania and depression that are not severe enough to meet the criteria for a full manic or depressive episode.
* Other Specified and Unspecified Bipolar and Related Disorders: These categories include bipolar disorders that do not fit the criteria for any of the other types.
The exact cause of bipolar disorder is unknown, but it appears to be related to a combination of genetic, environmental, and neurochemical factors. Treatment typically involves a combination of medication, psychotherapy, and lifestyle changes to help manage symptoms and prevent relapses.
A mental disorder is a syndrome characterized by clinically significant disturbance in an individual's cognition, emotion regulation, or behavior. It's associated with distress and/or impaired functioning in social, occupational, or other important areas of life, often leading to a decrease in quality of life. These disorders are typically persistent and can be severe and disabling. They may be related to factors such as genetics, early childhood experiences, or trauma. Examples include depression, anxiety disorders, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, and personality disorders. It's important to note that a diagnosis should be made by a qualified mental health professional.
Anxiety disorders are a category of mental health disorders characterized by feelings of excessive and persistent worry, fear, or anxiety that interfere with daily activities. They include several different types of disorders, such as:
1. Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD): This is characterized by chronic and exaggerated worry and tension, even when there is little or nothing to provoke it.
2. Panic Disorder: This is characterized by recurring unexpected panic attacks and fear of experiencing more panic attacks.
3. Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD): Also known as social phobia, this is characterized by excessive fear, anxiety, or avoidance of social situations due to feelings of embarrassment, self-consciousness, and concern about being judged or viewed negatively by others.
4. Phobias: These are intense, irrational fears of certain objects, places, or situations. When a person with a phobia encounters the object or situation they fear, they may experience panic attacks or other severe anxiety responses.
5. Agoraphobia: This is a fear of being in places where it may be difficult to escape or get help if one has a panic attack or other embarrassing or incapacitating symptoms.
6. Separation Anxiety Disorder (SAD): This is characterized by excessive anxiety about separation from home or from people to whom the individual has a strong emotional attachment (such as a parent, sibling, or partner).
7. Selective Mutism: This is a disorder where a child becomes mute in certain situations, such as at school, but can speak normally at home or with close family members.
These disorders are treatable with a combination of medication and psychotherapy (cognitive-behavioral therapy, exposure therapy). It's important to seek professional help if you suspect that you or someone you know may have an anxiety disorder.
Mood disorders are a category of mental health disorders characterized by significant and persistent changes in mood, affect, and emotional state. These disorders can cause disturbances in normal functioning and significantly impair an individual's ability to carry out their daily activities. The two primary types of mood disorders are depressive disorders (such as major depressive disorder or persistent depressive disorder) and bipolar disorders (which include bipolar I disorder, bipolar II disorder, and cyclothymic disorder).
Depressive disorders involve prolonged periods of low mood, sadness, hopelessness, and a lack of interest in activities. Individuals with these disorders may also experience changes in sleep patterns, appetite, energy levels, concentration, and self-esteem. In severe cases, they might have thoughts of death or suicide.
Bipolar disorders involve alternating episodes of mania (or hypomania) and depression. During a manic episode, individuals may feel extremely elated, energetic, or irritable, with racing thoughts, rapid speech, and impulsive behavior. They might engage in risky activities, have decreased sleep needs, and display poor judgment. In contrast, depressive episodes involve the same symptoms as depressive disorders.
Mood disorders can be caused by a combination of genetic, biological, environmental, and psychological factors. Proper diagnosis and treatment, which may include psychotherapy, medication, or a combination of both, are essential for managing these conditions and improving quality of life.
Self-awareness
Brian Deer
Warnings About Vaccination Expectations NZ
Portrait of Margarita
Leo Kanner
Prognosis of autism
Animal model of autism
Causes of autism
Specific carbohydrate diet
Language delay
Gina Rippon
Suicide
The Disabilities Trust
National Vaccine Injury Compensation Program
Gluten-free, casein-free diet
Karoly Horvath
Facial feedback hypothesis
Cognitive slippage
Spontaneous recovery
Valproate
John Werry
World Autism Organisation
Lancet MMR autism fraud
1999 New Year Honours
Low arousal approach
EN2 (gene)
Gesell Developmental Schedules
Multiple complex developmental disorder
Epigenetics of autism
Reward dependence
Use of complementary and alternative medicine among children recently diagnosed with autistic spectrum disorder
Autistic Disorder :: Legal Dictionary :: Justia
Autism in Australia: Community Knowledge and Autistic People's Experiences | Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders
5 things your church can do now to reach out to families with sensory, autistic disorders | Voice
Autistic Spectrum Disorder Explained
Frontiers | False Belief Reasoning in Adults with and without Autistic Spectrum Disorder: Similarities and Differences
Cheshire East Special Free School for pupils with Autistic Spectrum Disorder (ASD) - Congleton
Clozapine in the Treatment of Aggression in an Adolescent With Autistic Disorder | Psychiatrist.com
Undiagnosed Autistic Traits Common Among Youths With Substance Use Disorders - Neuroscience News
Clinical Guide to Autistic Spectrum Disorders - Wolters Kluwer Health, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins - Literati by Credo
autistic spectrum disorder Archives - icommunicate therapy
Autism Society of Maine - Autism Spectrum Disorders, Autistic Disorder, Asperger's Disorder, Pervasive Developmental Disorder
Autism Society of Maine - Autism Spectrum Disorders, Autistic Disorder, Asperger's Disorder, Pervasive Developmental Disorder
Association of INPP1, PIK3CG, and TSC2 gene variants with autistic disorder: implications for phosphatidylinositol signalling...
A voxel-based investigation of brain structure in male adolescents with autistic spectrum disorder - SINAPSE
Autistic Spectrum Disorders (ASD) and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) | The Burghwood Clinic
Children with autistic spectrum disorders. II: Parents are unable to distinguish secretin from placebo under double-blind...
Autistic Spectrum Disorders - Needs Assessment Report | Scottish Autism
Autistic spectrum disorder
Autistic spectrum disorders
Central nervous system connectivity after extreme prematurity: understanding autistic spectrum disorder. | Profiles RNS
Autism Autistic Disorder | Keyword Rankings
autistic spectrum disorders,
Autistic Spectrum Disorders<...
ABRSM: Candidates with autistic spectrum disorders
Autistic Spectrum Disorder
Children with Autistic Spectrum Disorders - First Taekwondo
Diagnosing autistic disorder: fundamental aspects and practical considerations
Autistic spectrum disorders and Asperger's support in Birmingham
Neurofeedback Helps Those With Autistic Disorders | Neurofeedback Studio
Prevalence6
- The study, results of which are published in The American Journal on Addictions , is the first to look at the prevalence of previously undiagnosed autistic traits among teens and young adults with SUD, says lead author James McKowen, PhD, of the Addiction Recovery Management Service at MGH and Harvard Medical School. (neurosciencenews.com)
- For 2016, the prevalence of autism spectrum disorder among children 8 years of age was 18.5 per 1,000 (one in 54) in the United States. (medscape.com)
- We therefore studied the prevalence of co-occurring psychiatric and neurological conditions in autistic individuals in a national sample. (bvsalud.org)
- We investigated the prevalence of co-occurring psychiatric and selected neurological diagnoses in autistic adults ' records during the study period using International Classification of Diseases -10 and Read v2 clinical codes compared to general population controls matched for age, sex and deprivation. (bvsalud.org)
- Prevalence of attention -deficit hyperactivity disorder (7.00%), bipolar disorder (2.50%), obsessive-compulsive disorder (3.02%), psychosis (18.30%) and schizophrenia (5.20%) were markedly elevated in those with autism , with corresponding odds ratios 8.24-10.74 times the general population . (bvsalud.org)
- Prevalence and Multidimensional Model of Disordered Eating in Youths With Type 1 Diabetes: Results From a Nationwide Population-Based Study. (medscape.com)
Adults9
- showed that the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) fluvoxamine reduced repetitive thoughts and behavior, maladaptive behavior, and aggression in adults with autistic disorder. (psychiatrist.com)
- Study reports 1 in 5 teens and young adults who seek treatment for alcohol and substance use disorders may have previously unrecognized social impairments characteristic of ASD. (neurosciencenews.com)
- One in five teens and young adults who seek treatment for alcohol or drug use may have traits characteristic of a previously unrecognized autism spectrum disorder (ASD), researchers at Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) report. (neurosciencenews.com)
- Characterizing autistic traits in treatment-seeking young adults with substance use disorders " by James McKowen et al. (neurosciencenews.com)
- Melissa has worked in the advocacy and support of adults and children who are diagnosed with autism, intellectual disabilities, mental health disorders, and chronic medical needs. (asmonline.org)
- ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) assessed in 122 consecutively referred adults with normal intelligence ASD. (netlify.app)
- We are a friendly parent led group which aims to support families in the Ashford area, with children and young adults on the Autistic Spectrum as well as those with ADHD. (kent.gov.uk)
- An estimated 20% of teens and young adults who seek treatment for addiction may have previously unrecognized social impairment characteristics of an autism spectrum disorder. (massgeneral.org)
- Neurological and psychiatric disorders among autistic adults: a population healthcare record study. (bvsalud.org)
Students with autistic1
- Spektrum är ett ord som används för att beskriva regnbågen, vars färger går i Autismspektrumstörning (ASD) är en neuroutvecklingsstörning som har klassiskt diagnostiserats on grunden för underskott i social This resource helps educators support students with autistic spectrum disorders when they enter secondary school, including teaching social skills, preparing av E Billstedt - I Sverige får barn med Autismspektrumstörning (ASD) idag sin diagnos först vid 6 års ålder. (netlify.app)
Children36
- Autistic children can be withdrawn and show little interest in others or in typical childhood activities and instead exhibit repetitive and stereotyped patterns of behavior, interests and activities. (justia.com)
- Approximately one in 50 children is diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), and some sources say the number of children struggling with Sensory Processing Disorder (SPD) is as high as one in 20. (christianpost.com)
- School 2 will be located on the Giantswood housing development site in Congleton and will provide 60 places for children and young people with autistic spectrum disorder. (cheshireeast.gov.uk)
- Autism and Classroom Strategies Many children with an Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) have difficulties at school and in the classroom. (icommunicatetherapy.com)
- ASM began as a support group for several parents who had children with Autism who were placed in a day program at Mariah Clark School in Hallowell this program was created for children with behavior and communication disorders. (asmonline.org)
- At that time we began our contact with ASA (then known as the National Society for Autistic Children - NSAC) and wrote our bylaws so that we could become an affiliated chapter. (asmonline.org)
- We first called our chapter the Maine Society of Autistic Children (MSAC) and later the Maine Chapter of the Autism Society of America (MCASA). (asmonline.org)
- Autistic spectrum (ASD) and a range of behavioural problems in children can be due to food intolerances, food chemicals, toxic over-load or gut infections. (burghwoodclinic.co.uk)
- Children with autistic spectrum disorders. (bmj.com)
- Subjects were 62 children with autistic spectrum disorder (ASD). (bmj.com)
- Behaviours like ASD can be seen in children with learning disabilities, language disorders, certain genetic conditions and problems related to pregnancy and childbirth. (walespsychiatrycentre.com)
- Children with autistic spectrum disorders usually have significant problems with language, social interaction and behaviour. (firsttaekwondoaz.com)
- Many children with autistic disorders will also have learning difficulties. (firsttaekwondoaz.com)
- Children with autistic spectrum disorders often prefer to have clear structure and consistent support in their lives. (firsttaekwondoaz.com)
- In England it is estimated that 1 in every 100 children has an autistic spectrum disorder. (firsttaekwondoaz.com)
- In the past, many children with an autistic spectrum disorder may have been incorrectly labelled as 'slow', 'difficult' or 'painfully shy', and not given the support they needed. (firsttaekwondoaz.com)
- Today, here is a lot more information and support available to parents of children who have autistic spectrum disorders. (firsttaekwondoaz.com)
- The author of this article, Crispin Jones, has first-hand experience of children with autistic spectrum disorders through his work with Voyage Care . (firsttaekwondoaz.com)
- In particular, anecdotal reports that autism spectrum disorder developed in children who received immunization to measles, mumps, and rubella have not been confirmed in the general population. (medscape.com)
- You might feel apprehensive about sharing your child's milestones, but even if your autistic child doesn't reach milestone goals as neurotypical children do, it doesn't mean you shouldn't celebrate. (spectrumdisorder.com)
- Design and Method The Treatment and Education of Autistic and Related Communication Handicapped Children (TEACCH) is the ideal approach through which these students are going to get treatment. (studybay.com)
- Jordan, R & Guldberg, K 2002, ' Web Wise: new training opportunities in autistic spectrum disorders ', Special Children , pp. 3pp. (birmingham.ac.uk)
- Research has shown that autistic children need to be taught using various techniques and that each technique is not effective for every child. (kzoo.edu)
- Three swimming instructors and six autistic children participated in the study. (kzoo.edu)
- Recent studies have shown a tremendous potential of L-carnosine for improving language and behavior in children diagnosed with Autistic Spectrum Disorders (ASD). (getwellnatural.com)
- When autistic children were fed L-carnosine, their characteristic autistic behaviour was suppressed (3). (getwellnatural.com)
- 3. Chez MG, Buchanan CP and Aimonovitch MC (2002) Double-blind, placebo-controlled study of L-carnosine supplementation in children with autistic spectrum disorders. (getwellnatural.com)
- Up to 50% of children with a genetic disorder unrelated to autism are mistakenly diagnosed with the developmental disorder, and that can lead to inappropriate treatments that can worsen their condition. (time.com)
- The latest findings hint at why autistic children are more interested in objects and ideas than they are in other people. (time.com)
- By taking advantage of disrupted motor connections in the brains of autistic children, researchers say it may be possible for affected kids to guide their own therapy. (time.com)
- Approximately 13% of the children ever diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder were estimated to have lost the diagnosis, and parents of 74% of them believed it was changed due to new information. (cdc.gov)
- Previously diagnosed children were less likely to have ever received a diagnosis of Asperger's disorder or autistic disorder. (cdc.gov)
- Objective: to understand the repercussions of the COVID-19 pandemic on the health of women who are mothers of autistic children. (bvsalud.org)
- Participants were 12 women mothers of autistic children, members of an association in southern Brazil. (bvsalud.org)
- Conclusion: the pandemic had an impact on the burden of women mothers of autistic children with a decrease in time for self-care and the need to reschedule their work environments and domestic routine. (bvsalud.org)
- COVID-19 pandemic: health of mothers of autistic children de contrair COVID-19. (bvsalud.org)
Pervasive Developm1
- Autism spectrum disorder includes conditions that were previously considered separate - autism, Asperger's syndrome, childhood disintegrative disorder and an unspecified form of pervasive developmental disorder. (netlify.app)
Behaviors4
- Autistic Spectrum Disorders in the Classroom With behaviors and actions ranging from mild to extreme, autistic spectrum disorders in the classroom can be challenging for any educator. (netlify.app)
- Suicidal Risk Behaviors in Adolescents With Rare Neurodevelopmental Disorders: The Role of Sex, Autistic Traits, and Mental Health Difficulties. (medscape.com)
- Commentary: From Recommendations to Reality: Assessment and Treatment of Adolescents With Type 1 Diabetes and Disordered Eating Behaviors. (medscape.com)
- Introduction: Childhood autism is a neurodevelopment disorder with characteristic symptoms, e.g.: impairments in social interaction and communication, restricted interests and repetitive behaviors. (bvsalud.org)
Asperger4
- It is of utmost cur … 1996-02-10 autism spectrum disorder (ASD) - the medical name for autism autism spectrum condition (ASC) - used instead of ASD by some people Asperger's (or Asperger syndrome) - used by some people to describe autistic people with average or above average intelligence 2020-12-16 2020-09-01 2014-07-13 2018-07-17 Autistic Disorder. (netlify.app)
- Autism (with significant language difficulties) and Asperger syndrome (with no language impairment and high functioning) were seen as two separate categories in the past however, both the categories are recognized as being part of a spectrum now and called Autistic Spectrum Disorder. (walespsychiatrycentre.com)
- It includes what used to be known as Asperger syndrome and pervasive developmental disorders. (medlineplus.gov)
- [ 3 ] Asperger disorder , Rett disorder , childhood disintegrative disorder, and other pervasive developmental disorders (including pervasive developmental disorders not otherwise specified). (medscape.com)
Symptoms10
- She Learn more about the physical and behavioral symptoms associated with autism spectrum disorder. (netlify.app)
- Although autism can be diagnosed at any age, it is said to be a "developmental disorder" because symptoms generally appear in the first two years of life. (netlify.app)
- Although ASD can be a lifelong disorder, treatments and services can improve a person's symptoms and ability to function. (netlify.app)
- The term "spectrum" in autism spectrum disorder refers to the wide range of symptoms and severity. (netlify.app)
- Autism spectrum disorder is diagnosed by clinicians based on symptoms, signs, and testing according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-V, a guide created by the American Psychiatric Association used to diagnose mental disorders. (netlify.app)
- In one 2006 study using connectivity-guided neurofeedback, pre-post analyses showed a 40 percent reduction in autistic symptoms, enhancement of function between the brain and behavior, and reduction of hyperconnectivity. (neurofeedbackstudio.com)
- Connectivity-guided neurofeedback is capable of significantly remedying these anomalies and reducing autistic symptoms. (neurofeedbackstudio.com)
- Their symptoms manifest in different ways, and no autistic person is the same. (spectrumdisorder.com)
- Over-acute body-awareness, under-acute body-awareness, and distorted body-awareness are symptoms present in a variety of health disorders and conditions, such as obesity, anorexia nervosa, and chronic joint pain. (wikipedia.org)
- It is called a "spectrum" disorder because people with ASD can have a range of symptoms. (medlineplus.gov)
Diagnoses3
- including higher rates of seeking diagnoses due to increases in public awareness of autism, and increasing diagnoses of autistic people with lower support needs due to changes in diagnostic criteria and expectations for social communication and behaviour (May et al. (springer.com)
- A major concern in the interpretation of reports about PET scans in autism spectrum disorders is the accuracy and the precision of the diagnoses. (medscape.com)
- Autism spectrum disorder diagnoses sometimes change due to misdiagnosis, maturation, or treatment. (cdc.gov)
Person's1
- Autism is a brain disorder that affects a person's ability to communicate, to reason, and to interact with others. (asmonline.org)
Child's3
- 3 Oct 2019 Each of the disorders on the autism spectrum is a neurological disorder that affects a child's ability to communicate, understand language, play, What is Autism? (netlify.app)
- This article explores ways you can celebrate your autistic child's milestones. (spectrumdisorder.com)
- Here are some good tips for celebrating your autistic child's milestones. (spectrumdisorder.com)
Genetic4
- In some families, there appears to be a pattern of Autism or related disabilities which suggests there may be a genetic basis to this disorder. (asmonline.org)
- Autism spectrum disorder includes idiopathic and genetic subtypes. (medscape.com)
- Autism spectrum disorder also includes genetic disorders such as fragile X syndrome, Rett syndrome, and tuberous sclerosis. (medscape.com)
- Recently, a role for rare causal variants and de novo mutations is emerging in the genetic architecture of some of these disorders, particularly those which incur a large degree of selection against the phenotype. (blogspot.com)
Behavior5
- Autism is a developmental disorder characterized by difficulties with social interaction and communication, and by restricted and repetitive behavior. (netlify.app)
- Herman & Associates has developed an expertise in working with clients who have Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), Social (Pragmatic) Communication Disorder, … 2020-08-17 · Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a developmental disorder that affects communication and behavior. (netlify.app)
- Autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by a lack of appropriate eye contact, facial expression, social interaction, communication, and restricted repetitive behavior. (neurofeedbackstudio.com)
- [ 11 ] refers to the presence of the social behavior and repetitive activities of autism spectrum disorder without intellectual disability (ie, high-functioning autism). (medscape.com)
- It also means that they can maintain consistent behavior that is pleasant because as has been previously explained in this paper, the autistic spectrum disorder often makes the students suffering from it exhibit strange and unique behavior. (studybay.com)
Screening1
- For clinicians, the big takeaway point from this study is that we need to get better at screening and certainly training in the presence of autism spectrum disorder, because many clinicians treat substance use disorder but don't have specialty developmental training, particularly for issues around autism," McKowen says. (neurosciencenews.com)
Descriptors1
- Literature review: The following descriptors were used: autistic disorder, conscious sedation and nitrous oxide in national and international databases at the period from 2006-2014. (bvsalud.org)
Adulthood2
- Autistic spectrum disorders are a range of related developmental disorders that begin in childhood and persist throughout adulthood. (firsttaekwondoaz.com)
- Most studies have looked at clinically-recruited cohorts, or paediatric cohorts followed into adulthood, with less known about the autistic community at a population level. (bvsalud.org)
Difficulties3
- For convenience we use the term 'autism' throughout these guidelines to refer to autistic spectrum disorder, autistic spectrum condition, Asperger's, high-functioning autism as well as associated conditions such as Pathological Demand Avoidance and social and communication difficulties. (abrsm.org)
- Autistic Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition with difficulties in socialization, communication, and interaction with people. (walespsychiatrycentre.com)
- People with an autism spectrum disorder, including Asperger's syndrome, share certain difficulties - with communication, with interacting with other people and with imagining, such as situations that have not been experienced, changes in routine or other people's behaviour, intentions or viewpoints. (guardiansl.com)
Diagnosis5
- Usually studies of substance use disorder in autism are done in those with an autism diagnosis already," he says. (neurosciencenews.com)
- For parents, the big takeaway is that if you suspect that your child may have an autism spectrum issue or if school personnel have suggested that your child may have autistic traits, you should certainly get that assessed, and let your clinicians know whether your child has had a prior diagnosis of ASD," he says. (neurosciencenews.com)
- Autism spectrum disorder was once broken down into several different conditions, but now they all fall under the ASD diagnosis. (netlify.app)
- Currently, PET scanning and other nuclear medical procedures are not indicated in the evaluation, diagnosis, and treatment of individuals who may have autism spectrum disorder. (medscape.com)
- Currently, PET scanning and other nuclear medical procedures are not indicated in the evaluation, diagnosis, and treatment of individuals who may have autism spectrum disorders and other pervasive developmental disorders. (medscape.com)
Traits2
- The findings highlight the importance of assessing patients in a SUD treatment setting for autistic traits, the researchers write. (neurosciencenews.com)
- The researchers are developing a free clinical therapy protocol that can help clinicians better address the issues of autistic traits in patients with SUD. (neurosciencenews.com)
Spectrum disorder exhibit1
- This method of measurement is ideal because the SEN students suffering from autistic spectrum disorder exhibit different characteristics and it would only be fair if they are assessed independently (Chui, 2013). (studybay.com)
Individuals5
- They found that among patients with an average age of 18.7 years being treated in an outpatient substance use disorder (SUD) clinic, 20% had elevated scores on the Social Responsiveness Scale-2 (SRS-2), a parent- or teacher-reported measure that has been shown to reliably identify the presence and severity of social impairment among individuals along the autism spectrum, and to distinguish autism from other disorders. (neurosciencenews.com)
- It is a spectrum disorder that affects individuals differently and to varying degrees of severity, and it is often found in combination with other disabilities. (asmonline.org)
- Here, we report a voxel-based morphometric whole brain analysis, using a group specific template, on 16 individuals of normal intelligence with autistic spectrum disorder (ASD), and a group of 16 age-, sex- and IQ-matched controls. (sinapse.ac.uk)
- Co-occurring psychiatric disorders are common in autism , with previous studies suggesting 54-94% of autistic individuals develop a mental health condition in their lifetime. (bvsalud.org)
- We found that a range of psychiatric conditions were more frequently recorded in autistic individuals. (bvsalud.org)
Developmental disorder that affects1
- Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurological and developmental disorder that affects how people interact with others, communicate, learn, and behave. (drjack.world)
Lifelong1
- Autistic Spectrum Disorder (ASD), or autism, is a lifelong, developmental disability that affects how a person communicates with and relates to other people, and how they experience and interact with the world around them. (tourettes-action.org.uk)
Autism and pervasive2
- The pharmacotherapy of autism and pervasive developmental disorders primarily targets central serotonin or dopamine pathways. (psychiatrist.com)
- What is autism spectrum disorder (ASD), previously called autism and pervasive developmental disorders? (drjack.world)
Syndrome2
- We suggest that increased grey matter volume may play a pivotal role in the aetiology of the autistic syndrome. (sinapse.ac.uk)
- It ranks third place among child development disorders in front of congenital malformations and Down's syndrome 21 . (bvsalud.org)
Search1
- However, despite many attempts, the search for common disease-predisposing variants in childhood developmental disorders has largely failed. (blogspot.com)
Neurodevelopmental3
- It is a type of neurodevelopmental Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD): Services Business Office: 1137 Huntington Drive, Building A South Pasadena, CA 91030 323.344.0123. (netlify.app)
- Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) are neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disorders respectively, with devastating effects not only on the individual but also the society. (netlify.app)
- Autism spectrum disorder (ASD), or autism, is a broad term used to describe a group of neurodevelopmental conditions. (drjack.world)
Assessment1
- For example, an educational psychology and/ or speech and language assessment to rule out any learning needs or language disorders. (walespsychiatrycentre.com)
People7
- and autistic people and their families' perspectives of community attitudes. (springer.com)
- identifying that the community's awareness of autism does not appear to extend to understanding how to support autistic people. (springer.com)
- and the development of communication and education interventions, with rather than about autistic people. (springer.com)
- We have looked at this question from the other side, asking how many people with substance use disorder have autism. (neurosciencenews.com)
- At Guardian Supported Living, we understand that people with autistic spectrum conditions may have needs that challenge traditional, less flexible forms of service provision. (guardiansl.com)
- Introduction Autistic spectrum disorder is a social condition that involves brain development issues, which essentially makes an individual shy away from socializing with other people. (studybay.com)
- Most people with autism also exhibit mental retardation, and approximately one third of people have seizure disorders. (medscape.com)
ASDs1
- Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) cover a variety of behaviours and abilities and are caused by abnormal brain development. (jeanshaw.com)
Depression1
- If EKGs can detect potential problems in heart function, then doctors are asking why brain scans can't be used in the same way, to identify disorders like depression, autism or schizophrenia. (time.com)
Adolescents3
- They found that although there were few differences between those with elevated autistic trait scores and those with lower, non-autistic scores in terms of demographic or psychiatric factors, the adolescents with higher SRS-2 scores had a nearly eightfold higher likelihood of stimulant use disorder, and a fivefold higher risk for opioid use disorder. (neurosciencenews.com)
- Adolescents are vulnerable to developing substance use disorders because of how the brain develops, so it's important for parents to intervene as soon as a possible problem is identified. (massgeneral.org)
- Le présent examen rétrospectif des dossiers médicaux décrit le profil des troubles psychiatriques des enfants et des adolescents qui consultaient dans trois établissements de soins psychiatriques pour enfants en Arabie saoudite pendant l'année 2008. (who.int)
Social interaction1
- A central diagnostic criteria for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is the qualitative impairment in reciprocal social interaction and a prominent hypotheses that tried to explain this impairment is the Theory of Mind (ToM) deficit hypotheses. (frontiersin.org)
Affects2
- It is the result of a neurological disorder that affects the functioning of the brain, and occurs in approximately 1 out of every 36 births. (asmonline.org)
- As a spectrum disorder, the condition affects each individual differently. (guardiansl.com)
Psychiatric2
Diagnostic2
- Many professionals utilize a medical diagnostic reference, the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual now in its fifth edition (DSM-5) to diagnose Autism Spectrum Disorder. (asmonline.org)
- Based on diagnostic models implemented in other countries, the goal of the article is to offer a general overview about autistic disorder and highlight some critical elements to be taken into account during the diagnostic process. (bvsalud.org)
