Avulavirus Infections
IRF-1 deficiency skews the differentiation of dendritic cells toward plasmacytoid and tolerogenic features. (1/14)
Members of the IFN regulatory factors (IRFs) family are transcriptional regulators that play essential roles in the homeostasis and function of the immune system. Recent studies indicate a direct involvement of some members of the family in the development of different subsets of dendritic cells (DC). Here, we report that IRF-1 is a potent modulator of the development and functional maturation of DC. IRF-1-deficient mice (IRF-1(-/-)) exhibited a predominance of plasmacytoid DC and a selective reduction of conventional DC, especially the CD8alpha(+) subset. IRF-1(-/-) splenic DC were markedly impaired in their ability to produce proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-12. By contrast, they expressed high levels of IL-10, TGF-beta, and the tolerogenic enzyme indoleamine 2,3 dioxygenase. As a consequence, IRF-1(-/-) DC were unable to undergo full maturation and retained plasmacytoid and tolerogenic characteristics following virus infection ex vivo and in vivo. Accordingly, DC from IRF-1(-/-) mice were less efficient in stimulating the proliferation of allogeneic T cells and instead, induced an IL-10-mediated, suppressive activity in allogeneic CD4(+)CD25(+) regulatory T cells. Together, these results indicate that IRF-1 is a key regulator of DC differentiation and maturation, exerting a variety of effects on the functional activation and tolerogenic potential of these cells. (+info)Molecular characterization and complete genome sequence of avian paramyxovirus type 4 prototype strain duck/Hong Kong/D3/75. (2/14)
(+info)Complete genome sequences of avian paramyxovirus type 8 strains goose/Delaware/1053/76 and pintail/Wakuya/20/78. (3/14)
(+info)Activation of natural killer cells by newcastle disease virus hemagglutinin-neuraminidase. (4/14)
(+info)Complete genome sequence of avian paramyxovirus type 7 (strain Tennessee) and comparison with other paramyxoviruses. (5/14)
(+info)Complete genome sequences of avian paramyxovirus serotype 2 (APMV-2) strains Bangor, England and Kenya: evidence for the existence of subgroups within serotype 2. (6/14)
(+info)Experimental avian paramyxovirus serotype-3 infection in chickens and turkeys. (7/14)
(+info)Pathogenesis of two strains of avian paramyxovirus serotype 2, Yucaipa and Bangor, in chickens and turkeys. (8/14)
Nine serologic types of avian paramyxovirus (APMV) have been recognized. Newcastle disease virus (APMV-1) is the most extensively characterized virus, while relatively little information is available for the other APMV serotypes. In the present study, we examined the pathogenicity of two strains of APMV-2, Yucaipa and Bangor, in 9-day-old embryonated chicken eggs, 1-day-old specific-pathogen-free (SPF) chicks, and 4-wk-old SPF chickens and turkeys. The mean death time in 9-day-old embryonated chicken eggs was more than 168 hr for both strains, and their intracerebral pathogenicity index (ICPI) was zero, indicating that these viruses are nonpathogenic in chickens. When inoculated intracerebrally in 1-day-old chicks, neither strain caused disease or replicated detectably in the brain. This suggests that the zero ICPI value of APMV-2 reflects the inability of the virus to grow in neural cells. Groups of twelve 4-wk-old SPF chickens and turkeys were inoculated oculonasally with either strain, and three birds per group were euthanatized on days 2, 4, 6, and 14 postinoculation for analysis. There were no overt clinical signs of illnesses, although all birds seroconverted by day 6. The viruses were isolated predominantly from the respiratory and alimentary tracts. Immunohistochemistry studies also showed the presence of a large amount of viral antigens in epithelial linings of respiratory and alimentary tracts. There also was evidence of systemic spread even though the cleavage site of the viral fusion glycoprotein does not contain the canonical furin protease cleavage site. (+info)Avulavirus infections are veterinary medical conditions caused by Avulaviruses, a genus of viruses in the family Paramyxoviridae. These viruses are responsible for causing a variety of important diseases in birds and mammals, including Newcastle disease in birds and several different illnesses in humans, such as:
1. Madagascar pneumonia or meningopneumonitis (caused by Avulavirus serotype 12, also known as MAPV-12)
2. Tubular lung disease (caused by Avulavirus serotype 4, also known as A/turkey/England/50-92/91)
Avulavirus infections can lead to respiratory, gastrointestinal, and neurological symptoms in both birds and mammals. The severity of the disease depends on various factors, including the specific Avulavirus serotype involved, the host's age and immune status, and the route of infection.
In birds, Newcastle disease is a highly contagious and often fatal illness affecting domestic poultry and wild birds worldwide. It can cause severe economic losses in the poultry industry due to high mortality rates and trade restrictions.
In humans, Avulavirus infections are rare but have been associated with contact with infected birds or their droppings. The majority of human cases have been reported in Australia, although sporadic cases have also been documented in other countries. Human illnesses caused by Avulaviruses typically present as respiratory or neurological symptoms and can range from mild to severe, depending on the individual's age and overall health status.
Preventive measures for Avulavirus infections include maintaining good biosecurity practices, such as proper hand hygiene, wearing protective clothing, and limiting contact with potentially infected birds or their droppings. Vaccination is available for some Avulavirus serotypes and is widely used in the poultry industry to control Newcastle disease.
Avulavirus is a genus of viruses in the family Paramyxoviridae, order Mononegavirales. Avulaviruses are enveloped, negative-sense, single-stranded RNA viruses that primarily infect birds, causing various clinical manifestations such as respiratory, digestive, and reproductive diseases. Some avulaviruses have been associated with sporadic human infections, usually resulting in mild or asymptomatic illnesses. The most well-known avulavirus is the Newcastle disease virus (NDV), which can cause severe disease in birds and poses a significant threat to the poultry industry worldwide.
Avian metaavulavirus 2
List of MeSH codes (C02)
Virulent Newcastle disease
Paramyxoviridae
Thogotovirus
Avian metaavulavirus 2 - Wikipedia
MeSH Browser
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PARAMYXOVIRIDAE2
Avian3
- citation needed] Avian metaavulavirus 2 has been known to cause disease, specifically mild respiratory infections in domestic poultry, including turkeys and chickens, and has many economic effects on egg production and poultry industries. (wikipedia.org)
- There are 13 recognized Avulavirus species, each with 1 member, called avian paramyxovirus 1-13 (APMV-1-APMV-13) ( 1 ). (cdc.gov)
- Chlamydophila psittaci is the causative agent of avian chlamydiosis, and causes respiratory, digestive, or systemic infections in most birds, in. (cabi.org)
Viruses1
- Our findings suggest that these 3 new viruses represent members of 3 novel avulavirus species. (cdc.gov)
Influenza1
- In total, 79 patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and 22 patients with influenza A virus infection were included. (bvsalud.org)
Viral2
- However, neither rFWPV nor rVV were able to express transgenes under the control of late viral promoters, indicating that both rFWPV and rVV infections are arrested at an early stage in human DCs. (lookformedical.com)
- An interferon regulatory factor that is expressed constitutively and undergoes POST-TRANSLATIONAL MODIFICATION following viral infection. (lookformedical.com)
Domestic1
- This includes NEWCASTLE DISEASE and other infections of domestic fowl. (nih.gov)
Genus5
- AN - infection: coord IM with INFECTION (IM) HN - 2004 MH - Achromobacter UI - D042402 MN - B3.440.400.425.117.24 MN - B3.660.75.27.30 MS - A genus of gram-negative, strictly aerobic, non-spore forming rods. (nih.gov)
- AN - infection: coord IM with GRAM-NEGATIVE BACTERIAL INFECTIONS (IM) HN - 2004 MH - Achromobacter xylosoxidans UI - D042441 MN - B3.440.400.425.117.24.950 MN - B3.660.75.27.30.950 MS - The type species of gram negative, aerobic bacteria in the genus ACHROMOBACTER. (nih.gov)
- AN - infection: coord IM with GRAM-NEGATIVE BACTERIAL INFECTIONS (IM) HN - 2004 MH - Acidianus UI - D041541 MN - B7.75.725.725.30 MS - A genus of facultatively anaerobic coccoid ARCHAEA, in the family SULFOLOBACEAE. (nih.gov)
- AN - infection: coord IM with ACTINOBACILLUS INFECTIONS (IM) HN - 2004 MH - Actinobacillus seminis UI - D044133 MN - B3.440.450.09.675 MN - B3.660.250.550.50.675 MS - A species of gram-negative bacteria in the genus ACTINOBACILLUS, which causes EPIDIDYMITIS in SHEEP. (nih.gov)
- AN - infection: coord IM with ACTINOBACILLUS INFECTIONS (IM) + EPIDIDYMITIS (IM) if pertinent HN - 2004 MH - Actinobacillus suis UI - D044132 MN - B3.440.450.09.700 MN - B3.660.250.550.50.700 MS - A species of gram-negative bacteria in the genus ACTINOBACILLUS. (nih.gov)
Systemic1
- By contrast, the polybasic cleavage site of the F0 protein of velogenic strains allows for cleavage by ubiquitous proteases such as furin, resulting in a more systemic infection. (medscape.com)
Family1
- AN - infection: coord IM with GRAM-NEGATIVE BACTERIAL INFECTIONS (IM) HN - 2004 MH - Acidaminococcaceae UI - D045854 MN - B3.440.425.410.96 MS - A family of gram-negative bacteria, in the order Clostridiales. (nih.gov)
Includes1
- This includes NEWCASTLE DISEASE and other infections of domestic fowl. (nih.gov)
Potential1
- Even though PPMV-1 did not cause high mortality in experimental pigeons, the infected pigeons were exhibiting viral shedding for 3 weeks after infection, suggesting PPMV-1 is a potential threat to NDV control worldwide. (biomedcentral.com)