A family of bisegmented, double-stranded RNA viruses causing infection in fish, mollusks, fowl, and Drosophila. There are three genera: AQUABIRNAVIRUS; AVIBIRNAVIRUS; and ENTOMOBIRNAVIRUS. Horizontal and vertical transmission occurs for all viruses.
Virus diseases caused by the BIRNAVIRIDAE.
A genus of RNA viruses in the family BIRNAVIRIDAE infecting fish, mollusks, and crustaceans. It is transmitted both vertically and horizontally with no known vectors. The natural hosts are salmonids and the type species is INFECTIOUS PANCREATIC NECROSIS VIRUS.
A species of AVIBIRNAVIRUS causing severe inflammation of the bursa of Fabricius in chickens and other fowl. Transmission is thought to be through contaminated feed or water. Vaccines have been used with varying degrees of success.
The type species of AQUABIRNAVIRUS, causing infectious pancreatic necrosis in salmonid fish and other freshwater and marine animals including mollusks.
Viral proteins that are components of the mature assembled VIRUS PARTICLES. They may include nucleocapsid core proteins (gag proteins), enzymes packaged within the virus particle (pol proteins), and membrane components (env proteins). These do not include the proteins encoded in the VIRAL GENOME that are produced in infected cells but which are not packaged in the mature virus particle,i.e. the so called non-structural proteins (VIRAL NONSTRUCTURAL PROTEINS).
Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.
An enzyme that catalyses RNA-template-directed extension of the 3'- end of an RNA strand by one nucleotide at a time, and can initiate a chain de novo. (Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992, p293)
Works containing information articles on subjects in every field of knowledge, usually arranged in alphabetical order, or a similar work limited to a special field or subject. (From The ALA Glossary of Library and Information Science, 1983)

Adaptation of very virulent infectious bursal disease virus to chicken embryonic fibroblasts by site-directed mutagenesis of residues 279 and 284 of viral coat protein VP2. (1/120)

The full-length RNA genomes of a chicken embryonic fibroblast (CEF)-nonpermissive, very virulent infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) (strain HK46) were amplified into cDNAs by reverse transcription-PCR. The full-length cDNAs were sequenced and subcloned into a eukaryotic expression vector, from which point mutations were introduced into the VP2 region by site-directed mutagenesis. The wild-type and mutated plasmids were transfected directly into CEFs to examine their ability to generate CEF-permissive recombinant viruses. Substitution of amino acid residues 279 (Asp-->Asn) and 284 (Ala-->Thr) of the VP2 protein yielded a recombinant virus which was able to be passaged in CEFs, whereas the wild-type cDNAs and an amino acid substitution at residue 330 (Ser-->Arg) of the VP2 protein alone did not yield viable virus. The results indicated that mutation of other viral proteins, including VP1, VP3, VP4, and VP5, was not required for CEF adaptation of the virus. The same approach may be used to produce CEF-adapted strains from newly evolved IBDVs or to manipulate the antigenicity of the virus.  (+info)

Lysis of myelocytes in chickens infected with infectious bursal disease virus. (2/120)

In specific-pathogen-free chickens infected with the highly virulent HPS-2 strain or virulent reference GBF-1 strain of infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV), pathologic changes of the bone marrow were investigated. On histologic examination, bone marrow lesions were prominent in the HPS-2 group but only mild in the GBF-1 group. The bone marrow of the HPS-2 group showed severe lysis and depletion of heterophil myelocytes with pyknotic nuclear alteration 2-3 days after inoculation. On examination with an electron microscope, heterophil myelocytes were characterized by shrinkage of the cytoplasm and peripheral condensation of nuclear chromatin. IBDV particles were not detected in altered myelocytes. A terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate nick end-labeling method demonstrated a positive reaction in only heterophil myelocytes. In contrast, nucleosomal DNA fragmentation in HPS-2-infected bone marrow cells was indiscernible by agarose gel electrophoresis. These findings indicate that lysis of bone marrow cells is selectively induced in heterophil myelocytes at an early stage after IBDV infection and independent of virus replication.  (+info)

Protection of chickens against very virulent infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) and Marek's disease virus (MDV) with a recombinant MDV expressing IBDV VP2. (3/120)

To develop a herpes virus vaccine that can induce immunity for an extended period, a recombinant Marek's disease (MD) virus (MDV) CVI-988 strain expressing infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) host-protective antigen VP2 at the US2 site (rMDV) was developed under the control of an SV40 early promoter. Chickens vaccinated with the rMDV showed no clinical signs and no mortality and 55% of the chickens were considered protected histopathologically after challenge with very virulent IBDV (vvIBDV), whereas all of the chickens vaccinated with the conventional IBDV vaccine showed no clinical signs and were protected. Chickens vaccinated with the CVI-988 or chickens in the challenge control showed severe clinical signs and high mortality (70-75%) and none of them were protected. Also, the rMDV conferred full protection to chickens against vvMDV just as the CVI-988 strain did, whereas 90% of the challenge control chickens died of MD. Antibody levels against IBDV and MDV following the vaccination increased continuously for at least 10 weeks. No histopathological lesions in the rMDV-vaccinated chickens and no contact transmission of the rMDV to their penmates were confirmed. These results demonstrate that an effective and safe recombinant herpesvirus-based IBD vaccine could be constructed by expressing the VP2 antigen at the US2 site of the CVI-988 vaccine strain.  (+info)

Sequence comparison of the VP2 variable region of infectious bursal disease virus isolates from Vietnam. (4/120)

The variable region in the VP2 gene of twenty-three infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) isolates, collected in Vietnam in 1997 and 1998, was amplified as cDNA by using the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and sequenced. Analysis of amino acid substitutions and phylogenetic relationships of the deduced amino acid sequences (residues 206-350) showed that the nineteen Vietnamese vv IBDVs clustered with the European vv IBDVs, Japanese vv IBDVs and Chinese vv strains, and that the four vietnamese virulent strains were closely related to European virulent strain 52/70. These results suggest that Vietnamese vv IBDVs, European vv IBDVs, Japanese vv IBDVs and Chinese vv strains have the same origin.  (+info)

Gill lamellar pillar cell necrosis, a new birnavirus disease in Japanese eels. (5/120)

Since the late 1980s, a birnaviral gill disease has been occurring in Japanese eels Anguilla japonica reared in warmwater ponds in western regions in Japan. Diseased eels mostly displayed marked formations of aneurysmal hematomas within gill lamellae and high mortalities. Histological examination revealed necrosis of pillar cells and subsequent aggregation of erythrocytes inside the lamellar capillaries, and proliferation of interlamellar epithelia onto the lamellae. Gastric gland cells were also necrotized. Electron microscopy revealed birnavirus infection in lamellar pillar cells. The causative birnavirus was isolated and cultured in fish cell lines and was found to be related to an infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) Sp serotype by neutralization tests. The viral pathogenicity was confirmed by the results of histopathological examinations and infectivity experiments.  (+info)

Effect of thymus extract on immunologic reactivity of chicken vaccinated with infectious bursal disease virus. (6/120)

The effects of crude thymus extract on the immune response and protection against challenge with virulent infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) were studied in one-day-old chick. Oral administration of thymus extract (1 ml/kg) markedly and significantly increased the total protein, albumin, globulin, Tri-iodothyronine (T3), Thyroxine (T4) and the body weight gain in one-day-old chick. In addition, it increased the total lymphocytic count over four weeks after administration. Although vaccination also increased total protein, globulin, T4 and the total lymphocytic count but it significantly decreased the body weight gain of the chick and administration of thymus extract, before, during or after vaccination markedly improved the vaccination effectiveness with significant elevation of the globulin level and body weight gain of the chick. It also prevented the decrease in the relative weights of bursa, spleen and thyroid gland which commonly prevailed during vaccination. Chicken administered thymus extract and vaccinated with infectious bursal disease (IBD) vaccine showed 100% protection against challenge with IBDV. Meanwhile the vaccinated non-thymus treated group exhibited 80% protection against IBDV challenge. These results indicate a potentiating effect of thymus extract on the immune system in baby chick. These findings are supported by ELISA results that showed a marked increase in antibody titers in thymus treated groups. Additionally, microscopical examination of the bursa and the existent lymphoid hyperplasia in thymus treated groups but not vaccinated group support our findings.  (+info)

Inter-laboratory comparison of cell lines for susceptibility to three viruses: VHSV, IHNV and IPNV. (7/120)

Eleven European National Reference Laboratories participated in an inter-laboratory comparison of the susceptibility of 5 selected cell lines to 3 fish pathogenic viruses. The test included viral hemorrhagic septicaemia virus (VHSV); infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) and infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV), and the cell lines derived from bluegill fry (BF-2), chinook salmon embryo (CHSE-214), epithelioma papulosum cyprini (EPC), fathead minnow (FHM) and rainbow trout gonad (RTG-2). The results showed that for isolation of VHSV, BF-2 and RTG-2 cells performed equally well and had higher sensitivity compared to the other cell lines. For IHNV, EPC and FHM cells gave the best results, and for IPNV it was BF-2 and CHSE-214 cells. FHM cells showed the largest variability among laboratories, whereas EPC was the cell line showing the smallest variability.  (+info)

Multiplex reverse transcriptase PCR assay for simultaneous detection of three fish viruses. (8/120)

A multiplex reverse transcriptase (RT)-PCR assay was developed for the simultaneous detection of three different fish viruses: infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV), infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV), and viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV). The sensitivity levels of the multiplex RT-PCR assay were 100, 1, and 32 50% tissue culture infective doses/ml for IPNV, IHNV, and VHSV, respectively.  (+info)

Birnaviridae is a family of non-enveloped, double-stranded RNA viruses that infect a wide range of animals, including birds, fish, and insects. The name Birnaviridae comes from the combination of the words "bird" and "RNA." These viruses are characterized by their icosahedral symmetry and bi-segmented genome, which is composed of two segments of double-stranded RNA.

The two genomic segments of Birnaviridae encode for several viral proteins, including the viral capsid protein and the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) that is responsible for replicating the viral genome. The family Birnaviridae includes several important veterinary pathogens, such as infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV), which causes a highly contagious and often fatal disease in young chickens, and aquabirnavirus, which infects various species of fish and can cause significant economic losses in the aquaculture industry.

Birnaviruses are typically transmitted through fecal-oral routes or by ingestion of contaminated food or water. They replicate in the cytoplasm of infected cells and can induce a range of clinical signs, depending on the specific virus and host species. In addition to their veterinary importance, birnaviruses are also of interest to researchers studying the fundamental biology of RNA viruses and their interactions with host cells.

Birnaviridae is a family of viruses that includes several species known to cause infections in animals, including birds and fish. The most well-known member of this family is the infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV), which primarily affects young chickens and causes a highly contagious disease known as Gumboro disease.

Infection with IBDV can result in a range of symptoms, including diarrhea, depression, ruffled feathers, and decreased appetite. In severe cases, the virus can cause significant mortality in infected flocks. Other members of the Birnaviridae family include viruses that infect salmonids (such as infectious pancreatic necrosis virus) and other bird species.

Transmission of Birnaviridae viruses typically occurs through direct contact with infected animals or their feces, as well as through contaminated food and water sources. Prevention and control measures for these infections include good biosecurity practices, vaccination, and proper nutrition and management.

An Aquabirnavirus is a type of double-stranded RNA virus that belongs to the family Birnaviridae. The name "Aquabirnavirus" reflects its prevalence in aquatic environments. These viruses are known to infect a variety of hosts, including fish and crustaceans. They have an icosahedral symmetry and a non-enveloped capsid. The genome of Aquabirnaviruses consists of two segments of double-stranded RNA. The larger segment encodes the viral polyprotein, while the smaller segment encodes the viral capsid protein. Aquabirnaviruses are relatively resistant to environmental factors such as heat, pH, and organic solvents, which allows them to persist in aquatic environments for extended periods.

Infectious Bursal Disease Virus (IBDV) is a highly contagious avian virus that primarily affects the bursa of Fabricius in young chickens, leading to an immunosuppressive disease known as Gumboro disease. The bursa of Fabricius is a vital organ for the development and maturation of B cells, which are crucial for the immune system's response to infections.

IBDV is a non-enveloped, double-stranded RNA virus belonging to the Birnaviridae family. It has two serotypes, with serotype 1 being responsible for the majority of outbreaks and being highly pathogenic, while serotype 2 is less virulent and causes mild or asymptomatic infections.

The virus targets and destroys the B cells in the bursa, leading to a weakened immune system that makes the affected chickens more susceptible to secondary bacterial and viral infections. The disease can cause significant economic losses in the poultry industry due to high mortality rates, decreased feed conversion efficiency, and reduced egg production.

Vaccination is an effective prevention strategy against IBDV, with both live and inactivated vaccines available for use in chickens. Good biosecurity measures, such as strict sanitation practices and limiting the movement of birds and people between farms, can also help prevent the spread of the virus.

Infectious pancreatic necrosis (IPN) is a viral disease that primarily affects young salmonid fish, such as salmon and trout. The IPN virus, also known as Salmonid alphavirus (SAV), is the causative agent of this disease. It is an enveloped, positive-sense single-stranded RNA virus belonging to the family Alphaflexiviridae and genus Alphavirus.

The IPN virus primarily targets the exocrine pancreas, leading to severe necrosis (tissue death) in infected fish. The infection can also spread to other organs, including the liver, kidney, and heart. Infected fish may exhibit various clinical signs such as lethargy, loss of appetite, darkening of the skin, abnormal swimming behavior, and exophthalmia (bulging eyes).

The IPN virus is highly contagious and can be transmitted horizontally through direct contact with infected fish or their bodily fluids. It can also be vertically transmitted from infected broodstock to their offspring. The disease can have significant economic impacts on the aquaculture industry, leading to high mortality rates in affected fish populations.

Prevention and control measures for IPN include vaccination of broodstock and fry, biosecurity practices, and quarantine procedures. There is no specific treatment for IPN, and antibiotics are generally not effective against viral infections. Supportive care, such as providing optimal water quality and nutrition, can help affected fish recover from the disease.

Viral structural proteins are the protein components that make up the viral particle or capsid, providing structure and stability to the virus. These proteins are encoded by the viral genome and are involved in the assembly of new virus particles during the replication cycle. They can be classified into different types based on their location and function, such as capsid proteins, matrix proteins, and envelope proteins. Capsid proteins form the protein shell that encapsulates the viral genome, while matrix proteins are located between the capsid and the envelope, and envelope proteins are embedded in the lipid bilayer membrane that surrounds some viruses.

Molecular sequence data refers to the specific arrangement of molecules, most commonly nucleotides in DNA or RNA, or amino acids in proteins, that make up a biological macromolecule. This data is generated through laboratory techniques such as sequencing, and provides information about the exact order of the constituent molecules. This data is crucial in various fields of biology, including genetics, evolution, and molecular biology, allowing for comparisons between different organisms, identification of genetic variations, and studies of gene function and regulation.

RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, also known as RNA replicase, is an enzyme that catalyzes the production of RNA from an RNA template. It plays a crucial role in the replication of certain viruses, such as positive-strand RNA viruses and retroviruses, which use RNA as their genetic material. The enzyme uses the existing RNA strand as a template to create a new complementary RNA strand, effectively replicating the viral genome. This process is essential for the propagation of these viruses within host cells and is a target for antiviral therapies.

An encyclopedia is a comprehensive reference work containing articles on various topics, usually arranged in alphabetical order. In the context of medicine, a medical encyclopedia is a collection of articles that provide information about a wide range of medical topics, including diseases and conditions, treatments, tests, procedures, and anatomy and physiology. Medical encyclopedias may be published in print or electronic formats and are often used as a starting point for researching medical topics. They can provide reliable and accurate information on medical subjects, making them useful resources for healthcare professionals, students, and patients alike. Some well-known examples of medical encyclopedias include the Merck Manual and the Stedman's Medical Dictionary.

... with chronic infection in adult salmonid fish and acute viral disease in young salmonid fish. Viruses in family Birnaviridae ... ICTV Report: Birnaviridae Viralzone: Birnaviridae (All articles with dead external links, Articles with dead external links ... "Birnaviridae-Birnaviridae-dsRNA Viruses". International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV). Retrieved 16 October 2019.[ ... Birnaviridae is a family of double-stranded RNA viruses. Salmonid fish, birds and insects serve as natural hosts. There are ...
Resistance to infection develops more rapidly in warmer water. It is highly contagious and found worldwide, but some regions ... It is caused by infectious pancreatic necrosis virus, which is a member of the Birnaviridae family. This disease mainly affects ...
Chronic infection in adults, and acute viral disease in young salmonid fish can occur. The genus contains the following species ... Aquabirnavirus is a genus of viruses, in the family Birnaviridae. Salmonid fish serve as natural hosts. There are three species ... ICTV Report: Birnaviridae Viralzone: Aquabirnavirus (Articles with short description, Short description matches Wikidata, Use ... "ICTV Report Birnaviridae". "Viral Zone". ExPASy. Retrieved 15 June 2015. "Virus Taxonomy: 2020 Release". International ...
... may be susceptible to opportunistic infection and may die of infection by agents that would not usually cause disease in ... is a double-stranded RNA virus that has a bi-segmented genome and belongs to the genus Avibirnavirus of family Birnaviridae. ... Infection is via the oro-fecal route, with affected birds excreting high levels of the virus for approximately 2 weeks after ... Passive immunity may protect against challenge with homologous IBDV, as does previous infection with homologous avirulent ...
An infection of the host is often identified based on visual inspection, with various key external and internal characteristics ... Infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) is a double-stranded RNA virus from the family Birnaviridae, in the genus ... Infection by the virus also seemingly produces physiological responses within the skeletal system of salmonid fish. While these ... IPNV can persist in subclinical infections in fish, which can act as reservoirs for the virus. This persistence in particular ...
... (DXV) belongs to the Birnaviridae family of viruses. Birnaviridae currently consists of three genera. The ... Infection studies with DXV has shed light on the innate immune response and RNA interference (RNAi) in Drosophila flies. ... This polypeptide is 977 amino acids in length, making it the largest encoded RdRp in the Birnaviridae family. The RdRp contains ... Although widely used in the laboratory, DXV has never been found as a natural infection of Drosophila, and was originally ...
It then injects its DNA or RNA into the host to initiate infection. In animal cells these viruses get into the cell through the ... This class includes two major families, the Reoviridae and Birnaviridae. Replication is monocistronic and includes individual, ... Viral replication is the formation of biological viruses during the infection process in the target host cells. Viruses must ... The Effects of Viral Infections and Viral Insulins on Host Metabolism". Annual Review of Virology. 8 (1): 373-391. doi:10.1146/ ...
Tan FL, Yin JQ (December 2004). "RNAi, a new therapeutic strategy against viral infection". Cell Research. 14 (6): 460-6. doi: ... except retroviruses and Birnaviridae All positive-strand RNA eukaryotic viruses with no DNA stage All RNA-containing ... Infection, Genetics and Evolution. 14: 247-57. doi:10.1016/j.meegid.2012.12.004. PMID 23291407. Yin W, Mao C, Luan X, Shen DD, ... such as orthomyxoviruses and bunyaviruses dsRNA virus family Birnaviridae (InterPro: IPR007100) Flaviviruses produce a ...
... which often aims to prevent viral infections. In modern history, numerous disease outbreaks have been caused by RdRp-encoding ... Birnaviridae Permutotetraviridae Botybirnavirus The kingdom contains three groups in the Baltimore classification system, which ...
Purified RNA of a positive-sense virus can directly cause infection though it may be less infectious than the whole virus ... Family Amalgaviridae Family Birnaviridae Family Chrysoviridae Family Cystoviridae Family Endornaviridae Family Hypoviridae ... Kondo H, Chiba S, Toyoda K, Suzuki N (January 2013). "Evidence for negative-strand RNA virus infection in fungi". Virology. 435 ... The resulting recombinant viruses may sometimes cause an outbreak of infection in humans. Classification is based principally ...
... which often aims to prevent viral infections. In modern history, numerous disease outbreaks have been caused by various members ... Birnaviridae Family incertae sedis: Permutotetraviridae Genus incertae sedis: Botybirnavirus Kingdom: Pararnavirae, which ...
Birnaviridae Infections* Actions. * Search in PubMed * Search in MeSH * Add to Search ...
BIRNAVIRIDAE INFECT. Entry Term(s). Infections, Birnaviridae Public MeSH Note. 94; BIRNAVIRUS INFECTIONS was see BIRNAVIRIDAE ... use BIRNAVIRIDAE INFECTIONS to search BIRNAVIRUS INFECTIONS 1994-96. History Note. 94; BIRNAVIRUS INFECTIONS was see ... Birnaviridae Infections Preferred Concept UI. M0027402. Scope Note. Virus diseases caused by the BIRNAVIRIDAE.. Terms. ... Infections [C01] * Virus Diseases [C01.925] * RNA Virus Infections [C01.925.782] * Arenaviridae Infections [C01.925.782.082] ...
BIRNAVIRIDAE INFECT. Entry Term(s). Infections, Birnaviridae Public MeSH Note. 94; BIRNAVIRUS INFECTIONS was see BIRNAVIRIDAE ... use BIRNAVIRIDAE INFECTIONS to search BIRNAVIRUS INFECTIONS 1994-96. History Note. 94; BIRNAVIRUS INFECTIONS was see ... Birnaviridae Infections Preferred Concept UI. M0027402. Scope Note. Virus diseases caused by the BIRNAVIRIDAE.. Terms. ... Infections [C01] * Virus Diseases [C01.925] * RNA Virus Infections [C01.925.782] * Arenaviridae Infections [C01.925.782.082] ...
a genus of the family Birnaviridae; infection: coord IM with BIRNAVIRIDAE INFECTIONS (IM). ... Género de virus ARN de la familia BIRNAVIRIDAE que infecta a aves. Se transmite por vía horizontal por vectores no conocidos. ... A genus of RNA viruses in the family BIRNAVIRIDAE infecting birds. It is transmitted horizontally with no known vectors. The ... A genus of RNA viruses in the family BIRNAVIRIDAE infecting birds. It is transmitted horizontally with no known vectors. The ...
a genus of the family Birnaviridae; infection: coord IM with BIRNAVIRIDAE INFECTIONS (IM). Scope Note. A genus of RNA viruses ... Birnaviridae [B04.820.223.500] * Aquabirnavirus [B04.820.223.500.050] * Avibirnavirus [B04.820.223.500.060] * Infectious bursal ... A genus of RNA viruses in the family BIRNAVIRIDAE infecting birds. It is transmitted horizontally with no known vectors. The ... in the family BIRNAVIRIDAE infecting birds. It is transmitted horizontally with no known vectors. The type species is ...
... with chronic infection in adult salmonid fish and acute viral disease in young salmonid fish. Viruses in family Birnaviridae ... ICTV Report: Birnaviridae Viralzone: Birnaviridae (All articles with dead external links, Articles with dead external links ... "Birnaviridae-Birnaviridae-dsRNA Viruses". International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV). Retrieved 16 October 2019.[ ... Birnaviridae is a family of double-stranded RNA viruses. Salmonid fish, birds and insects serve as natural hosts. There are ...
IBDV is a causative agent of IBD, the highly contagious viral infection of young chickens aged 3 to 6 weeks. IBD outbreaks ... is a double-stranded RNA virus that belongs to the genus Avibirnavirus of the family Birnaviridae. ...
Significant depression of the humoral antibody responses may result, thus promoting secondary infections. Two serotypes of IBDV ... Infectious bursal disease (IBD) virus (IBDV, genus Avibirnavirus, family Birnaviridae) infects chickens, turkeys, ducks, guinea ... but less acute or subclinical infections are common earlier in life. IBDV causes lymphoid depletion in the bursa of Fabricius. ...
Arenaviridae Infections. *Astroviridae Infections. *Birnaviridae Infections. *Bunyaviridae Infections. *Caliciviridae ... Stapleton JT, Martinson JA, Klinzman D, Xiang J, Desai SN, Landay A. GB virus C infection and B-cell, natural killer cell, and ... Stapleton JT, Chaloner K, Martenson JA, Zhang J, Klinzman D, Xiang J, Sauter W, Desai SN, Landay A. GB virus C infection is ... "Flaviviridae Infections" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicines controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical ...
Arenaviridae Infections. *Astroviridae Infections. *Birnaviridae Infections. *Bunyaviridae Infections. *Caliciviridae ... Infections with viruses of the order MONONEGAVIRALES. The concept includes FILOVIRIDAE INFECTIONS; PARAMYXOVIRIDAE INFECTIONS; ... "Mononegavirales Infections" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicines controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH ( ... This graph shows the total number of publications written about "Mononegavirales Infections" by people in this website by year ...
Birnaviridae Birnaviridae Infections Birt-Hogg-Dube Syndrome Birth Certificates Birth Injuries Birth Intervals Birth Order ... Astroviridae Infections Asymmetric Cell Division Asymptomatic Diseases Asymptomatic Infections AT Rich Sequence AT-Hook Motifs ... Central Nervous System Infections Central Nervous System Neoplasms Central Nervous System Parasitic Infections Central Nervous ... Bacterial Infections Bacterial Infections and Mycoses Bacterial Load Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins Bacterial Physiological ...
Biphenyl Compounds Bipolar Disorder Bird Diseases Bird Fanciers Lung Birds Birefringence Birnaviridae Birnaviridae Infections ... Posterior Cerebral Artery Infection Infection Control Infection Control Practitioners Infection Control, Dental Infectious ... Bacterial Eye Infections, Fungal Eye Infections, Parasitic Eye Infections, Viral Eye Injuries Eye Injuries, Penetrating Eye ... Flavins Flaviviridae Flaviviridae Infections Flavivirus Flavivirus Infections Flavobacteriaceae Flavobacteriaceae Infections ...
Birnaviridae 0 domande A family of bisegmented, double-stranded RNA viruses causing infection in fish, mollusks, fowl, and ... They cause vesicular lesions and upper respiratory tract infections. FOOT AND MOUTH DISEASE VIRUS is the type species. ... Infection in rodents is persistent and silent. Vertical transmission is through milk-, saliva-, or urine-borne routes. ... Vaccines with both inactivated and live attenuated virus have proven effective in immunizing against the infection. ...
Birnaviridae 0 domande A family of bisegmented, double-stranded RNA viruses causing infection in fish, mollusks, fowl, and ... Infections typically involve yellowing and necrosis, particularly affecting the phloem. * Comoviridae 0 domande A family of non ... All members of the family form cytoplasmic cylindrical inclusion bodies during infection. * Potyvirus 0 domande A large genus ... Infection in rodents is persistent and silent. Vertical transmission is through milk-, saliva-, or urine-borne routes. ...
Gao R, Cao B, Hu Y, Feng Z, Wang D, Hu W, Human infection with a novel avian-origin influenza A (H7N9) virus. N Engl J Med. ... Arteriviridae and Birnaviridae) and 2 with species that have been reported in humans but only at level 2 (Asfarviridae and ... Khabbaz RF, Heneine W, George JR, Parekh B, Rowe T, Woods T, Brief report: infection of a laboratory worker with simian ... Evolution and emergence of novel human infections. Proc Biol Sci. 2009;276:3937-43.DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar ...
The role of autophagy in GCRV infection is not clearly understood. In this study, we identified that GCRV infection triggered ... or Birnaviridae to dsRNAs to protect dsRNAs from being cut by Dicer-2. However, it is unknown whether BmCPV, belonging to ... Furthermore, we found that GCRV infection activated Akt-mTOR signaling pathway, and the conversion of LC3B I to LC3B II was ... Therefore, exploring the interaction between CyHV-2 and host and the molecular mechanism of viral infection is of great ...
Birnaviridae Infections [C01.925.782.123] Birnaviridae Infections * Bunyaviridae Infections [C01.925.782.147] Bunyaviridae ... Orthomyxoviridae Infections Entry term(s). Infection, Orthomyxoviridae Infection, Orthomyxovirus Infections, Orthomyxoviridae ... Infections, Orthomyxovirus Orthomyxoviridae Infection Orthomyxovirus Infection Orthomyxovirus Infections Swine Influenza - ... Infections à Orthomyxoviridae Entry term(s):. Infection, Orthomyxoviridae. Infection, Orthomyxovirus. Infections, ...
Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections C01.252.400.050 Aliivibrio Infections C01.252.400.054 Anaplasmataceae Infections C01.252. ... Birnaviridae B04.820.075.050 Aquabirnavirus B04.820.075.050.430 Infectious pancreatic necrosis virus B04.820.075.060 ... Bacteroidaceae Infections C01.252.400.110.109 Bacteroides Infections C01.252.400.126 Bartonellaceae Infections C01.252.400.126. ... Bordetella Infections C01.252.400.143.740 Whooping Cough C01.252.400.155 Borrelia Infections C01.252.400.155.569 Lyme Disease ...
Gao R, Cao B, Hu Y, Feng Z, Wang D, Hu W, Human infection with a novel avian-origin influenza A (H7N9) virus. N Engl J Med. ... Arteriviridae and Birnaviridae) and 2 with species that have been reported in humans but only at level 2 (Asfarviridae and ... Khabbaz RF, Heneine W, George JR, Parekh B, Rowe T, Woods T, Brief report: infection of a laboratory worker with simian ... Evolution and emergence of novel human infections. Proc Biol Sci. 2009;276:3937-43.DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar ...
Infection in rodents is persistent and silent. Vertical transmission is through milk-, saliva-, or urine-borne routes. ...
Table 2 Fish species affected -in natural infections- by viral nervous necrosis (VNN).. Full size table. ... Aquabirnavirus is one of the four genera of the family Birnaviridae. The type species of the genus is infectious pancreatic ... A very interesting case of cross-class infection was found studying ATV infection of salamanders. Phylogenetic analyses of ... Delmas B, Kibenge FSB, Leon JC, Mundt E, Vakaharia VN, Wu JL: Family Birnaviridae. Virus Taxonomy. 8th Report ICTV. Edited by: ...
Cross Infection C23.550.291.875.500 Cross-Priming G12.425.260 Crowns E6.323.428.100 E6.780.346.250 E6.323.528.250 E7.695.190.88 ... Birnaviridae B4.909.777.123 BK Virus B4.280.640.615.100 B4.280.210.620.615.100 B4.909.204.210.620.615.100 B4.613.204.670. ... Tumor Virus Infections C4.619.935 C4.925 Tungrovirus B4.715.835 Tunica Intima A7.231.330.800 A10.272.491.355.800 Tunica Media ... Epstein-Barr Virus Infections C4.619.935.313 C4.925.313 Erbium D1.268.477.437 Erbovirus B4.909.777.618.290 Erectile Dysfunction ...
Cross Infection C23.550.291.875.500 Cross-Priming G12.425.260 Crowns E6.323.428.100 E6.780.346.250 E6.323.528.250 E7.695.190.88 ... Birnaviridae B4.909.777.123 BK Virus B4.280.640.615.100 B4.280.210.620.615.100 B4.909.204.210.620.615.100 B4.613.204.670. ... Tumor Virus Infections C4.619.935 C4.925 Tungrovirus B4.715.835 Tunica Intima A7.231.330.800 A10.272.491.355.800 Tunica Media ... Epstein-Barr Virus Infections C4.619.935.313 C4.925.313 Erbium D1.268.477.437 Erbovirus B4.909.777.618.290 Erectile Dysfunction ...
Cross Infection C23.550.291.875.500 Cross-Priming G12.425.260 Crowns E6.323.428.100 E6.780.346.250 E6.323.528.250 E7.695.190.88 ... Birnaviridae B4.909.777.123 BK Virus B4.280.640.615.100 B4.280.210.620.615.100 B4.909.204.210.620.615.100 B4.613.204.670. ... Tumor Virus Infections C4.619.935 C4.925 Tungrovirus B4.715.835 Tunica Intima A7.231.330.800 A10.272.491.355.800 Tunica Media ... Epstein-Barr Virus Infections C4.619.935.313 C4.925.313 Erbium D1.268.477.437 Erbovirus B4.909.777.618.290 Erectile Dysfunction ...
Cross Infection C23.550.291.875.500 Cross-Priming G12.425.260 Crowns E6.323.428.100 E6.780.346.250 E6.323.528.250 E7.695.190.88 ... Birnaviridae B4.909.777.123 BK Virus B4.280.640.615.100 B4.280.210.620.615.100 B4.909.204.210.620.615.100 B4.613.204.670. ... Tumor Virus Infections C4.619.935 C4.925 Tungrovirus B4.715.835 Tunica Intima A7.231.330.800 A10.272.491.355.800 Tunica Media ... Epstein-Barr Virus Infections C4.619.935.313 C4.925.313 Erbium D1.268.477.437 Erbovirus B4.909.777.618.290 Erectile Dysfunction ...
Cross Infection C23.550.291.875.500 Cross-Priming G12.425.260 Crowns E6.323.428.100 E6.780.346.250 E6.323.528.250 E7.695.190.88 ... Birnaviridae B4.909.777.123 BK Virus B4.280.640.615.100 B4.280.210.620.615.100 B4.909.204.210.620.615.100 B4.613.204.670. ... Tumor Virus Infections C4.619.935 C4.925 Tungrovirus B4.715.835 Tunica Intima A7.231.330.800 A10.272.491.355.800 Tunica Media ... Epstein-Barr Virus Infections C4.619.935.313 C4.925.313 Erbium D1.268.477.437 Erbovirus B4.909.777.618.290 Erectile Dysfunction ...
... chronic infections), and cirrhosis.[1][2] ... Families: Birnaviridae. *Polymycoviridae. *Genera: ...
Define the Epidemiology and Outcomes of Pediatric Solid Organ Transplant Recipients With Inpatient Respiratory Virus Infection ...
Laboratory exposures may cause serious infection, but effective treatment and preventative measures are available and the risk ... Adenoviridae, Arenaviridae, Astroviridae, Baculoviridae, Birnaviridae, Bornaviridae, Bunyaviridae, Caliciviridae, Circoviridae ... dangerous and exotic agents that pose a high individual risk of aerosol-transmitted laboratory infections and life-threatening ... laboratory exposures may cause infections, but effective treatment and preventive measures are available, and the risk of ...
  • IBD is caused by a virus member of the Avibirnavirus genus and Birnaviridae family, viruses with bisegmented dsRNA genomes with a total of about 6 kbp forming icosahedral, non-enveloped virions Delmas B, et al. (crimsonpublishers.com)
  • Flaviviridae Infections" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) . (uams.edu)
  • Cardiac cell-specific apoptotic and cytokine responses to reovirus infection: determinants of myocarditic phenotype. (ctsicn.org)
  • Birnaviridae is a family of double-stranded RNA viruses. (wikipedia.org)
  • Viruses in family Birnaviridae are non-enveloped, with icosahedral single-shelled geometries, and T=13 symmetry. (wikipedia.org)
  • Infections with viruses of the family FLAVIVIRIDAE. (uams.edu)
  • Diseases associated with this family include infectious pancreatic necrosis in salmonid fish, which causes significant losses to the aquaculture industry, with chronic infection in adult salmonid fish and acute viral disease in young salmonid fish. (wikipedia.org)
  • R 0 is determined by a combination of pathogen traits, such as its transmission biology, which is itself a complex interplay between the within-host dynamics of the pathogen and the host response to infection, and host traits, such as demography, behavior, genetics, and adaptive immunity. (cdc.gov)
  • Chronic infection in adult, and acute viral disease in young salmonid fish. (expasy.org)
  • Unlike arboviruses, which have a dual-host tropism by cycling between vertebrate hosts and arthropod vectors, ISVs replicate exclusively in arthropod populations, causing a persistent viral infection, as such they are mainly maintained in nature by vertical transmission route. (encyclopedia.pub)
  • Co-housing experiments revealed several transmissible microbes including a newly described non-enveloped, double-stranded RNA virus in the Birnaviridae family we name Rocky Mountain birnavirus (RMBV). (bvsalud.org)
  • This disease is a highly contagious systemic disease, caused by a double stranded RNA virus of the family Birnaviridae. (marine.ie)
  • This disease is a systemic bacterial infection caused by a gram negative, motile, rod shaped bacteria of the family Vibrionaceae. (marine.ie)
  • We hypothesize that a more rapid induction of pro-inflammatory cytokine responses in bursal cells following IBDV infection leads to more severe disease in line W birds than in line 15I. (imperial.ac.uk)
  • In order to better understand differences in the outcome of infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) infection, we inoculated a very virulent (vv) strain into White Leghorn chickens of inbred line W that was previously reported to experience over 24% flock mortality, and three inbred lines (15I, C.B4 and 0) that were previously reported to display no mortality. (imperial.ac.uk)
  • Principal target for the virus is the lymphoid tissue with a special predilection for the bursa of Fabricius, the virus causes depletion resulting in significant depression of humoral antibody response, the birds became more susceptible to infections of other pathogens and fail to respond to vaccines OIE [1]. (crimsonpublishers.com)
  • Sasidharan A, Banerjee D, Harrison CJ, Selvarangan R. Emergence of Parechovirus A3 as the Leading Cause of Central Nervous System Infection, Surpassing Any Single Enterovirus Type, in Children in Kansas City, Missouri, USA, from 2007 to 2016. (childrensmercy.org)
  • Sasidharan A, Harrison CJ, Banerjee D, Selvarangan R. Emergence of Parechovirus A4 Central Nervous System Infections among Infants in Kansas City, Missouri, USA. (childrensmercy.org)
  • Many contemporary colonies of laboratory zebrafish are maintained in aquaculture facilities that monitor and aim to curb infections that can negatively affect colony health and confound experiments. (bvsalud.org)
  • this value would apply to zoonotic infections that do not spread between humans. (cdc.gov)
  • TIBV infection of humans has not been reported. (wikimili.com)
  • Infections were detected in asymptomatic animals from the pet trade, but when transmitted to laboratory animals RMBV was associated with pronounced antiviral responses and hemorrhagic disease. (bvsalud.org)
  • [7] There is no evidence of human infection or any disease associated with BAV. (wikimili.com)
  • dangerous and exotic agents that pose a high individual risk of aerosol-transmitted laboratory infections and life-threatening disease that is frequently fatal, for which there are no vaccines or treatments, or a related agent with unknown risk of transmission. (absa.org)
  • This graph shows the total number of publications written about "Reoviridae Infections" by people in this website by year, and whether "Reoviridae Infections" was a major or minor topic of these publications. (umassmed.edu)
  • Below are the most recent publications written about "Reoviridae Infections" by people in Profiles. (umassmed.edu)
  • Mosquitoes are a major global public health concern, with a concomitant increase in people at risk of infection. (biomedcentral.com)
  • A genus of RNA viruses in the family BIRNAVIRIDAE infecting birds. (nih.gov)
  • Infectious bursal disease (IBD) virus (IBDV) is a double-stranded RNA virus that belongs to the genus Avibirnavirus of the family Birnaviridae. (ac.tz)
  • Infectious bursal disease (IBD) virus (IBDV, genus Avibirnavirus , family Birnaviridae) infects chickens, turkeys, ducks, guinea fowl and ostriches, but causes clinical disease solely in young chickens. (woah.org)
  • Birnaviridae is a family of double-stranded RNA viruses. (wikipedia.org)
  • Viruses in family Birnaviridae are non-enveloped, with icosahedral single-shelled geometries, and T=13 symmetry. (wikipedia.org)
  • Infections with viruses of the family FLAVIVIRIDAE. (rush.edu)
  • Infections with viruses of the order MONONEGAVIRALES. (ctsicn.org)
  • IBDV is a causative agent of IBD, the highly contagious viral infection of young chickens aged 3 to 6 weeks. (ac.tz)
  • Severe acute disease, usually in 3- to 6-week-old birds, is associated with high mortality, but less acute or subclinical infections are common earlier in life. (woah.org)
  • hepatitis , hepatocellular carcinoma (chronic infections), and cirrhosis . (mdwiki.org)
  • dangerous and exotic agents that pose a high individual risk of aerosol-transmitted laboratory infections and life-threatening disease that is frequently fatal, for which there are no vaccines or treatments, or a related agent with unknown risk of transmission. (absa.org)