Brenner Tumor
Uroplakin Ia
Uroplakin III
Struma Ovarii
Ovarian Neoplasms
Carcinoma, Transitional Cell
Malignant Brenner tumors of the ovary and tumor markers: case reports. (1/18)
We investigated the tumor marker for malignant Brenner tumors, which had not been established because of the rarity and variable histological criteria. Representative areas of two cases of malignant Brenner tumor were investigated by means of the peroxidase-antiperoxidase method using monoclonal antibody to CA125 and CA72-4 antigen and the streptavidin-biotin immunoperoxidase complex method using monoclonal antibody to SCC antigen. Based on clinical course and immunohistochemical studies, serum CA125 and CA72-4 for Case 1 and SCC and CA72-4 for Case 2 were appropriate tumor markers for the establishment of the extent of tumor burden before treatment and to monitor the response to therapy. The discrepancy of the tumor markers of the two present cases is considered to be a reflection of the difference in the malignant component of these cases. However, serum CA72-4 was an appropriate tumor marker for both malignant Brenner tumors. (+info)Immunohistochemical analysis of uroplakins, urothelial specific proteins, in ovarian Brenner tumors, normal tissues, and benign and neoplastic lesions of the female genital tract. (2/18)
Uroplakins are the characteristic integral membrane proteins in terminally differentiated, superficial urothelial asymmetric unit membrane. Brenner tumors of the ovary and Walthard cell nests of Fallopian tubes have been considered to represent urothelial differentiation in the female genital tract, but no definitive differentiation marker has been demonstrated supporting such a conclusion. An immunohistochemical analysis was performed to assess the expression of uroplakins in these lesions as well as in various benign and neoplastic lesions and normal tissues of the female genital tract. Focal expression of uroplakins was observed on the luminal surface of ovarian Brenner tumor cells forming microcysts in all 5 cases examined. In contrast, uroplakins were slightly expressed in only 1 of 12 cases of Walthard cell nests, even in the presence of microcyst formation. Uroplakins were not expressed in other benign or malignant lesions or normal tissues of the female genital tract. These results support the hypothesis that the Brenner tumor and possibly Walthard cell nests represent urothelial (transitional cell) differentiation. (+info)Uroplakin III is a highly specific and moderately sensitive immunohistochemical marker for primary and metastatic urothelial carcinomas. (3/18)
Uroplakins are specific differentiation products of terminally differentiated superficial urothelial cells. We tested the value of a new commercially available monoclonal antibody against uroplakin III (clone AU 1) as a paraffin-reactive immunohistochemical marker for primary and metastatic urothelial carcinomas. The study cases included 67 urothelial carcinomas of the urinary tract (35 primary tumors, 32 metastases) and 318 nonurothelial carcinomas, as well as 5 benign Brenner tumors and 2 transitional cell carcinomas of the ovaries. Uroplakin III was detected in 21 (60%) of the primary urothelial carcinomas and 17 (53%) of the metastases, resulting in an overall sensitivity of 0.57. The studied Brenner tumors also were immunoreactive for uroplakin III. All other studied carcinomas were consistently uroplakin III-negative (specificity 1.00). We found the new monoclonal antibody AU 1 against uroplakin III to be a highly specific paraffin-reactive immunohistochemical marker for urothelial tumors with a moderate sensitivity for the identification of primary and metastatic urothelial carcinomas. (+info)Increasing expression of serine protease matriptase in ovarian tumors: tissue microarray analysis of immunostaining score with clinicopathological parameters. (4/18)
Matriptase is a type II transmembrane serine protease expressed by cells of surface epithelial origin, including epithelial ovarian tumor cells. Matriptase cleaves and activates proteins implicated in the progression of cancer and represents a potential prognostic and therapeutic target. The aim of this study was to examine the expression of matriptase in ovarian tumors and to assign clinicopathological correlations. Immunohistochemical analysis of matriptase was performed in tissue microarrays of 164 ovarian neoplasms including 84 serous adenocarcinomas, 23 mucinous adenocarcinomas, 10 endometrioid adenocarcinomas, six yolk sac tumors, 12 clear cell carcinomas, six dysgerminomas, eight granulosa cell tumors, four transitional cell carcinomas, five fibromas, and six Brenner tumors. All ovarian tumors except the fibromas and Brenner tumors showed significant expression of matriptase. The matriptase scores were significantly higher in the tumors than in their nontumor counterparts (304+/-26 for serous adenocarcinoma; 361+/-28 for mucinous adenocarcinoma; 254+/-17 for endometrioid adenocarcinoma; 205+/-19 for yolk sac tumor; 162+/-16 for clear cell carcinoma; 109+/-11 for dysgerminoma; 105+/-9 for granulosa cell tumor; and 226+/-18 for transitional cell carcinoma). Matriptase scores in serous adenocarcinoma were correlated with TNM stage and FIGO stage. Our findings demonstrate for the first time that matriptase is overexpressed in many malignant ovarian tumors. It may be a novel biomarker for diagnosis and treatment of malignant ovarian tumors. (+info)Expression and subcellular localization of maspin in human ovarian epithelial neoplasms: correlation with clinicopathologic features. (5/18)
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Maspin is an inhibitor of serine proteinases with tumor suppressor activity that is down-regulated in breast and prostate cancer, but overexpressed in pancreatic carcinoma. However, there were very few published data regarding the role of maspin in ovarian carcinoma. The aim of the present study was to evaluate maspin expression in ovarian epithelial neoplasms and correlate its expression with some clinicopathologic parameters. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Seventy eight paraffin embedded ovarian specimens from patients with ovarian epithelial neoplasms comprised the material of this study. They included 18 benign, 14 low malignant potential (LMP) and 46 malignant epithelial ovarian neoplasms, in addition to seven specimens from normal ovarian tissues as a control. RESULTS: Immunohistochemical study of maspin expression using streptavidin biotin immunoperoxidase method revealed that, normal ovarian surface epithelium did not express maspin as well as benign serous and mucinous ovarian epithelial neoplasm. However, all benign Brenner ovarian tumors were maspin positive. On the other hand, 57.14% of LMP tumors showed weak maspin expression and 63% of malignant ovarian epithelial tumors showed maspin expression with 39.1% over expression. The two malignant Brenner tumors studied were maspin negative. There was a trend for maspin expression with high grade, high stage, bilateral tumors and tumors with metastasis. Tumors that showed maspin over-expression showed higher mitotic index (MI) (p=0.02). Invasive cancers were more likely to have predominantly cytoplasmic staining compared to LMP tumors. CONCLUSION: Maspin was expressed in a substantial proportion of ovarian tumors with poor prognostic parameters. These results may offer new insights regarding the role of maspin in ovarian cancer that may also impact diagnosis and treatment strategies. Moreover, variation in maspin expression between Brenner tumor and other epithelial surface ovarian tumors may indicate that the different histological types probably represent distinct disease entities and involve different molecular pathways. (+info)Brenner tumors of the ovary: sonographic and computed tomographic imaging features. (6/18)
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to describe the sonographic appearance of ovarian Brenner tumors with computed tomographic (CT) correlation. METHODS: Twenty-two female patients (age range, 32-78 years; mean, 58 years) with 25 ovarian Brenner tumors were identified from pathologic records from 1990 to 2005. Corresponding pathologic reports and images (17 sonographic and 14 CT) were reviewed independently. RESULTS: Tumors ranged in size from 0.3 to 12 cm (mean, 2.5 cm); all were benign. Sixteen (64%) of 25 were found incidentally. Eight (36%) of 22 patients had a total of 12 associated benign ovarian neoplasms (1 was contralateral); 3 patients had bilateral Brenner tumors. Eight (47%) of 17 tumors were not seen on sonography, and 5 (36%) of 14 were not seen on CT. Of the tumors seen on imaging, most were solid (67% on sonography and 78% on CT). Four tumors appeared at least partially cystic, of which 3 had coexistent cystic ovarian lesions. CONCLUSIONS: Brenner tumors are most often solid neoplasms found incidentally and frequently seen in association with other benign ovarian epithelial neoplasms. (+info)Transitional cell tumors of the ovary: a compact group with a heterogeneous histological and immunophenotypical pattern. (7/18)
A small percentage of ovarian neoplasms are transitional cell tumors, which proves to be a distinct group with various histological and immunohistochemical patterns. In this study, 13 archived formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded samples of transitional cell tumors of the ovary have been assessed using standard HE stain and the indirect tristadial ABC peroxidase IHC method for 11 antibodies (CA125, CK7, CEA, EMA, MNF116, CK20, Vim, ER, PgR, PCNA, Ki-67). More than 50% were malignant Brenner tumors. CA125 was positive in all malignant tumors (of Brenner type and transitional cell carcinomas), but not in benign and borderline tumors, while CK7 was positive in approximately 70% of all cases. These two antibodies have shown a high sensitivity and low specificity, but do not correlate to each other. PCNA was positive in the study batch with a mean value of 40% and Ki-67 with a mean value under 25%. A direct correlation statistically significant has been noted between the aforementioned proliferation factors and the tumor grade (r = 0.4, p = 0.05). The other markers were unspecific, with low sensitivity and independently of the histopathological type. (+info)Invasive lobular carcinoma of the breast diagnosed from an ovarian tumour. (8/18)
Invasive lobular carcinoma of breast is well known to be able to metastasise to unusual places, including the gastrointestinal and gynaecological tracts. However, it is very unusual for breast cancer to present in an ovarian Brenner tumour. This case highlights the diagnostic difficulties of patients presenting with unilateral ovarian masses, and the merits of thorough histological assessment of the entire pathological specimen despite the presence of one obvious pathological diagnosis. (+info)A Brenner tumor is a rare type of benign (non-cancerous) ovarian tumor that originates from the tissue that lines the ovary (the epithelium). These tumors are typically small, slow-growing, and asymptomatic, although in some cases they may cause abdominal discomfort or bloating.
Brenner tumors are composed of transitional cells, which are similar to the cells found in the urinary bladder. They are usually solid and contain areas of calcification (calcium deposits). While most Brenner tumors are benign, a small percentage may become malignant (cancerous) and spread to other parts of the body.
The exact cause of Brenner tumors is not known, but they are more common in older women and are often found incidentally during routine pelvic exams or imaging studies. Treatment typically involves surgical removal of the tumor, and the prognosis is generally excellent, especially for benign tumors.
Neoplasms are abnormal growths of cells or tissues in the body that can be benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous). When referring to "Complex and Mixed Neoplasms," it is typically used in the context of histopathology, where it describes tumors with a mixture of different types of cells or growth patterns.
A complex neoplasm usually contains areas with various architectural patterns, cell types, or both, making its classification challenging. It may require extensive sampling and careful examination to determine its nature and behavior. These neoplasms can be either benign or malignant, depending on the specific characteristics of the tumor cells and their growth pattern.
A mixed neoplasm, on the other hand, is a tumor that contains more than one type of cell or tissue component, often arising from different germ layers (the three primary layers of embryonic development: ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm). A common example of a mixed neoplasm is a teratoma, which can contain tissues derived from all three germ layers, such as skin, hair, teeth, bone, and muscle. Mixed neoplasms can also be benign or malignant, depending on the specific components of the tumor.
It's important to note that the classification and behavior of complex and mixed neoplasms can vary significantly based on their location in the body, cellular composition, and other factors. Accurate diagnosis typically requires a thorough examination by an experienced pathologist and may involve additional tests, such as immunohistochemistry or molecular analysis, to determine the appropriate treatment and management strategies.
Uroplakin Ia is not a medical term itself, but it is a component of uroplakins which are a group of proteins found in the urothelium, the tissue that lines the urinary tract. Uroplakins are involved in the formation of the asymmetric unit membrane (AUM) of the urothelial plaques, which are specialized structures on the apical surface of the superficial urothelial cells. These plaques provide a barrier function and protect the underlying tissues from various harmful substances in urine.
Uroplakin Ia is one of the four major uroplakins (UPIa, UPIb, UPII, and UPIII) that form heterodimers and then assemble into larger complexes to form the urothelial plaques. Specifically, Uroplakin Ia combines with Uroplakin Ib to form a heterodimer, which then associates with UPII and UPIII heterodimers to form a tetraspanin complex. These complexes are then incorporated into the AUM of the urothelial plaques.
Abnormalities in uroplakins have been associated with various urological disorders, including bladder cancer, interstitial cystitis, and chronic pelvic pain syndrome.
Uroplakin III is a protein that is a component of urothelial plaques, which are specialized structures found on the surface of urothelial cells in the urinary bladder. Urothelial plaques play an important role in maintaining the barrier function and permeability properties of the urothelium.
Uroplakin III is a member of the uroplakin family of proteins, which includes UPIa, UPII, UPIII, and UPIIIA. These proteins are synthesized in the endoplasmic reticulum and transported to the Golgi apparatus, where they form heterodimers that are then transported to the plasma membrane. At the plasma membrane, the heterodimers assemble into larger complexes called urothelial plaques.
Uroplakin III is a transmembrane protein with a molecular weight of approximately 27 kDa. It has been shown to play a role in the formation and stability of urothelial plaques, as well as in the regulation of ion transport across the urothelium. Mutations in the gene encoding Uroplakin III have been associated with certain bladder diseases, including interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome and bladder cancer.
Struma ovarii is a rare type of ovarian tumor, which is composed predominantly of thyroid tissue and accounts for less than 1% of all ovarian neoplasms. It is classified as a specialized form of monodermal teratoma (a type of germ cell tumor). Despite being composed mainly of thyroid tissue, struma ovarii may produce and release thyroid hormones, leading to symptoms associated with hyperthyroidism in some cases.
Struma ovarii can be asymptomatic or present with various symptoms such as abdominal pain, distension, or menstrual irregularities. In rare instances, it might undergo malignant transformation into a thyroid-like carcinoma known as strumal carcinoid or thyroid carcinoma of the ovary. The definitive diagnosis is usually established through histopathological examination following surgical resection.
Ovarian neoplasms refer to abnormal growths or tumors in the ovary, which can be benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous). These growths can originate from various cell types within the ovary, including epithelial cells, germ cells, and stromal cells. Ovarian neoplasms are often classified based on their cell type of origin, histological features, and potential for invasive or metastatic behavior.
Epithelial ovarian neoplasms are the most common type and can be further categorized into several subtypes, such as serous, mucinous, endometrioid, clear cell, and Brenner tumors. Some of these epithelial tumors have a higher risk of becoming malignant and spreading to other parts of the body.
Germ cell ovarian neoplasms arise from the cells that give rise to eggs (oocytes) and can include teratomas, dysgerminomas, yolk sac tumors, and embryonal carcinomas. Stromal ovarian neoplasms develop from the connective tissue cells supporting the ovary and can include granulosa cell tumors, thecomas, and fibromas.
It is essential to diagnose and treat ovarian neoplasms promptly, as some malignant forms can be aggressive and potentially life-threatening if not managed appropriately. Regular gynecological exams, imaging studies, and tumor marker tests are often used for early detection and monitoring of ovarian neoplasms. Treatment options may include surgery, chemotherapy, or radiation therapy, depending on the type, stage, and patient's overall health condition.
Transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) is a type of cancer that develops in the transitional epithelium, which is the tissue that lines the inner surface of the urinary tract. This includes the renal pelvis, ureters, bladder, and urethra. Transitional cell carcinoma is the most common type of bladder cancer and can also occur in other parts of the urinary system.
Transitional cells are specialized epithelial cells that can stretch and change shape as the organs they line expand or contract. These cells normally have a flat, squamous appearance when at rest but become more cuboidal and columnar when the organ is full. Transitional cell carcinomas typically start in the urothelium, which is the innermost lining of the urinary tract.
Transitional cell carcinoma can be classified as non-invasive (also called papillary or superficial), invasive, or both. Non-invasive TCCs are confined to the urothelium and have not grown into the underlying connective tissue. Invasive TCCs have grown through the urothelium and invaded the lamina propria (a layer of connective tissue beneath the urothelium) or the muscle wall of the bladder.
Transitional cell carcinoma can also be categorized as low-grade or high-grade, depending on how abnormal the cancer cells look under a microscope and how likely they are to grow and spread. Low-grade TCCs tend to have a better prognosis than high-grade TCCs.
Treatment for transitional cell carcinoma depends on the stage and grade of the cancer, as well as other factors such as the patient's overall health. Treatment options may include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or immunotherapy.
An encyclopedia is a comprehensive reference work containing articles on various topics, usually arranged in alphabetical order. In the context of medicine, a medical encyclopedia is a collection of articles that provide information about a wide range of medical topics, including diseases and conditions, treatments, tests, procedures, and anatomy and physiology. Medical encyclopedias may be published in print or electronic formats and are often used as a starting point for researching medical topics. They can provide reliable and accurate information on medical subjects, making them useful resources for healthcare professionals, students, and patients alike. Some well-known examples of medical encyclopedias include the Merck Manual and the Stedman's Medical Dictionary.
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