Camptotheca
Plants, Medicinal
Camptothecin
Carbamazepine
Trigeminal Neuralgia
Epilepsy, Tonic-Clonic
Seizures
Epilepsy, Generalized
Epilepsies, Partial
Wound-induced expression of the ferulate 5-hydroxylase gene in Camptotheca acuminata. (1/13)
The phenylpropanoid pathway plays important roles in plants following exposure to environmental stresses, such as wounding and pathogen attack, which lead to the production of a variety of compounds, including lignin, flavonoids and phytoalexins. Ferulate 5-hydroxylase (F5H) is a cytochrome P450-dependent monooxygenase that catalyses the hydroxylation of ferulic acid, coniferaldehyde and coniferyl alcohol, leading to sinapic acid and syringyl lignin biosynthesis. We isolated F5H cDNA and genomic DNA from Camptotheca acuminata and investigated the expression pattern of the C. acuminata F5H (CaF5H1) gene in response to wounding. A search against the BLOCKS database of conserved protein motifs indicated that CaF5H1 retains features in common with F5Hs reported from other plants. 5'-flanking region analysis using the PLACE database showed that putative regulatory elements related to various abiotic and biotic stresses, such as drought, wounding, low temperature and pathogens, exist in the 5'-flanking region of CaF5H1. Based upon these analysis results, we investigated the expression pattern of CaF5H1 gene in response to wounding and stress-related molecules. Here, we show that CaF5H1 transcripts accumulated in the leaves in response to mechanical wounding or the application of molecules involved in the stress response, such as ethylene, ABA and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). The application of salicylic acid and diphenylene iodonium (DPI) inhibited the wound-induced expression of CaF5H1. Taken together, we suggest that wound-induced expression of CaF5H1 may be mediated by MJ and H2O2 and enhanced phenylpropanoid contents via CaF5H1 maybe function in response to various stresses, including wounding, in plants. (+info)Molecular cloning and characterization of a novel stem-specific gene from Camptotheca acuminata. (2/13)
In higher plants, P450s participate in the biosynthesis of many important secondary metabolites. Here we reported for the first time the isolation of a new cytochrome P450 cDNA that expressed in a stem-specific manner from Camptotheca acuminata (designated as CaSS), a native medicinal plant species in China, using RACE-PCR. The full-length cDNA of CaSS was 1735 bp long containing a 1530 bp open reading frame (ORF) encoding a polypeptide of 509 amino acids. Bioinformatic analysis revealed that CASS contained a heme-binding domain PFGXGRRXCX and showed homology to other plant cytochrome P450 monooxygenases and hydroxylases. Southern blotting analysis revealed that there was only one copy of the CaSS present in the genome of Camptotheca acuminata. Northern blotting analysis revealed that CaSS expressed, in a tissuespecific manner, highly in stem and lowly in root, leaf and flower. Our study suggests that CaSS is likely to be involved in the phenylpropanoid pathway. (+info)Total synthesis and biological evaluation of 22-hydroxyacuminatine. (3/13)
A total synthesis of 22-hydroxyacuminatine, a cytotoxic alkaloid isolated from Camptotheca acuminata, is reported. The key step in the synthesis involves the reaction of 2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]quinoline with a brominated phthalide to generate a substituted pentacyclic 12H-5,11a-diazadibenzo[b,h]fluoren-11-one intermediate. Despite its structural resemblance to camptothecin and luotonin A, a biological evaluation of 22-hydroxyacuminatine in a topoisomerase I-deficient cell line P388/CPT45 has confirmed that the observed cytotoxicity is not due to topoisomerase I inhibition, even though 22-hydroxyacuminatine has a hydroxyl group that can theoretically hydrogen bond to Asp533. This result is consistent with the hypothesis that pi-pi stacking is more important than hydrogen-bonding interactions in determining topoisomerase I inhibitor binding in the ternary cleavage complex. (+info)Molecular cloning and characterization of 1-hydroxy-2-methyl-2-(E)-butenyl 4-diphosphate reductase (CaHDR) from Camptotheca acuminata and its functional identification in Escherichia coli. (4/13)
Camptothecin is an anti-cancer monoterpene indole alkaloid. The gene encoding 1-hydroxy-2-methyl-2-(E)-butenyl 4-diphosphate reductase (designated as CaHDR), the last catalytic enzyme of the MEP pathway for terpenoid biosynthesis, was isolated from camptothecin-producing Camptotheca acuminata. The full-length cDNA of CaHDR was 1686 bp encoding 459 amino acids. Comparison of the cDNA and genomic DNA of CaHDR revealed that there was no intron in genomic CaHDR. Southern blot analysis indicated that CaHDR belonged to a low-copy gene family. RT-PCR analysis revealed that CaHDR expressed constitutively in all tested plant organs with the highest expression level in flowers, and the expression of CaHDR could be induced by 100 microM methyl-jasmonate (MeJA), but not by 100 mg/L salicylic acid (SA) in the callus of C. acuminata. The complementation of CaHDR in Escherichia coli ispH mutant MG1655 demonstrated its function. (+info)Molecular cloning, characterization and expression of a jasmonate biosynthetic pathway gene encoding allene oxide cyclase from Camptotheca acuminata. (5/13)
(+info)Cell-specific expression of tryptophan decarboxylase and 10-hydroxygeraniol oxidoreductase, key genes involved in camptothecin biosynthesis in Camptotheca acuminata Decne (Nyssaceae). (6/13)
(+info)Rhizobium kunmingense sp. nov., isolated from rhizosphere soil of Camptotheca acuminata Decne. (7/13)
Strain LXD30(T) was isolated from rhizosphere soil of a plant of the species Camptotheca acuminata Decne which is native to warm, humid stream banks in southern China. Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that the Gram-negative, rod-shaped bacterium fell within the realm of the genus Rhizobium and was most closely related to Rhizobium huautlense SO2(T) (96.4% sequence similarity) and Rhizobium cellulosilyticum LMG 23642(T) (96.4%). The isolate grew optimally at pH7.0 and 25-28 degrees C in the presence of 0-1% (w/v) NaCl. Major fatty acids were C16:0 (17.5%) and summed feature 7 (C18:1omega7c/omega9t/omega12t, 58.3%). Unequivocally low 16S rRNA (<97%), recA (<92%) and atpD (<90%) gene sequence similarities to all existing species of the genus and phenotypic characteristics all suggested that strain LXD30(T) (=KCTC 22609(T)=CGMCC 1.8903(T)) represents a novel Rhizobium species, for which the name Rhizobium kunmingense sp. nov. is proposed. (+info)Evaluation of antimicrobial activity of endophytic fungi from Camptotheca acuminata (Nyssaceae). (8/13)
(+info)Camptotheca is a genus of trees in the family Nyssaceae, native to China and Tibet. It is also known as "camptotheca acuminata" or "the Chinese happy tree." The bark and leaves of this tree contain camptothecin, a compound that has been studied for its potential anti-cancer properties. Camptothecin and its derivatives are used in the treatment of various types of cancer, including colon, ovarian, and small cell lung cancer.
Medicinal plants are defined as those plants that contain naturally occurring chemical compounds which can be used for therapeutic purposes, either directly or indirectly. These plants have been used for centuries in various traditional systems of medicine, such as Ayurveda, Chinese medicine, and Native American medicine, to prevent or treat various health conditions.
Medicinal plants contain a wide variety of bioactive compounds, including alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, terpenes, and saponins, among others. These compounds have been found to possess various pharmacological properties, such as anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anticancer activities.
Medicinal plants can be used in various forms, including whole plant material, extracts, essential oils, and isolated compounds. They can be administered through different routes, such as oral, topical, or respiratory, depending on the desired therapeutic effect.
It is important to note that while medicinal plants have been used safely and effectively for centuries, they should be used with caution and under the guidance of a healthcare professional. Some medicinal plants can interact with prescription medications or have adverse effects if used inappropriately.
Camptothecin is a topoisomerase I inhibitor, which is a type of chemotherapeutic agent used in cancer treatment. It works by interfering with the function of an enzyme called topoisomerase I, which helps to uncoil DNA during cell division. By inhibiting this enzyme, camptothecin prevents the cancer cells from dividing and growing, ultimately leading to their death.
Camptothecin is found naturally in the bark and stem of the Camptotheca acuminata tree, also known as the "happy tree," which is native to China. It was first isolated in 1966 and has since been developed into several synthetic derivatives, including irinotecan and topotecan, which are used clinically to treat various types of cancer, such as colon, lung, and ovarian cancers.
Like other chemotherapeutic agents, camptothecin can have significant side effects, including nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and myelosuppression (suppression of bone marrow function). It is important for patients receiving camptothecin-based therapies to be closely monitored by their healthcare team to manage these side effects effectively.
Carbamazepine is an anticonvulsant medication that is primarily used to treat seizure disorders (epilepsy) and neuropathic pain. It works by decreasing the abnormal electrical activity in the brain, which helps to reduce the frequency and severity of seizures. Carbamazepine may also be used off-label for other conditions such as bipolar disorder and trigeminal neuralgia.
The medication is available in various forms, including tablets, extended-release tablets, chewable tablets, and suspension. It is usually taken two to four times a day with food to reduce stomach upset. Common side effects of carbamazepine include dizziness, drowsiness, headache, nausea, vomiting, and unsteady gait.
It is important to note that carbamazepine can interact with other medications, including some antidepressants, antipsychotics, and birth control pills, so it is essential to inform your healthcare provider of all the medications you are taking before starting carbamazepine. Additionally, carbamazepine levels in the blood may need to be monitored regularly to ensure that the medication is working effectively and not causing toxicity.
Trigeminal neuralgia is a chronic pain condition that affects the trigeminal nerve, which is one of the largest nerves in the head. It carries sensations from the face to the brain.
Medically, trigeminal neuralgia is defined as a neuropathic disorder characterized by episodes of intense, stabbing, electric shock-like pain in the areas of the face supplied by the trigeminal nerve (the ophthalmic, maxillary, and mandibular divisions). The pain can be triggered by simple activities such as talking, eating, brushing teeth, or even touching the face lightly.
The condition is more common in women over 50, but it can occur at any age and in either gender. While the exact cause of trigeminal neuralgia is not always known, it can sometimes be related to pressure on the trigeminal nerve from a nearby blood vessel or other causes such as multiple sclerosis. Treatment typically involves medications, surgery, or a combination of both.
Tonic-clonic epilepsy, also known as grand mal epilepsy, is a type of generalized seizure that affects the entire brain. This type of epilepsy is characterized by two distinct phases: the tonic phase and the clonic phase.
During the tonic phase, which usually lasts for about 10-20 seconds, the person loses consciousness and their muscles stiffen, causing them to fall to the ground. This can result in injuries if the person falls unexpectedly or hits an object on the way down.
The clonic phase follows immediately after the tonic phase and is characterized by rhythmic jerking movements of the limbs, face, and neck. These movements are caused by alternating contractions and relaxations of the muscles and can last for several minutes. The person may also lose bladder or bowel control during this phase.
After the seizure, the person may feel tired, confused, and disoriented. They may also have a headache, sore muscles, and difficulty remembering what happened during the seizure.
Tonic-clonic epilepsy can be caused by a variety of factors, including genetics, brain injury, infection, or stroke. It is typically diagnosed through a combination of medical history, physical examination, and diagnostic tests such as an electroencephalogram (EEG) or imaging studies. Treatment may include medication, surgery, or dietary changes, depending on the underlying cause and severity of the seizures.
A seizure is an uncontrolled, abnormal firing of neurons (brain cells) that can cause various symptoms such as convulsions, loss of consciousness, altered awareness, or changes in behavior. Seizures can be caused by a variety of factors including epilepsy, brain injury, infection, toxic substances, or genetic disorders. They can also occur without any identifiable cause, known as idiopathic seizures. Seizures are a medical emergency and require immediate attention.
Anticonvulsants are a class of drugs used primarily to treat seizure disorders, also known as epilepsy. These medications work by reducing the abnormal electrical activity in the brain that leads to seizures. In addition to their use in treating epilepsy, anticonvulsants are sometimes also prescribed for other conditions, such as neuropathic pain, bipolar disorder, and migraine headaches.
Anticonvulsants can work in different ways to reduce seizure activity. Some medications, such as phenytoin and carbamazepine, work by blocking sodium channels in the brain, which helps to stabilize nerve cell membranes and prevent excessive electrical activity. Other medications, such as valproic acid and gabapentin, increase the levels of a neurotransmitter called gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in the brain, which has a calming effect on nerve cells and helps to reduce seizure activity.
While anticonvulsants are generally effective at reducing seizure frequency and severity, they can also have side effects, such as dizziness, drowsiness, and gastrointestinal symptoms. In some cases, these side effects may be managed by adjusting the dosage or switching to a different medication. It is important for individuals taking anticonvulsants to work closely with their healthcare provider to monitor their response to the medication and make any necessary adjustments.
Generalized epilepsy is a type of epilepsy characterized by seizures that involve both halves of the brain (generalized onset) from the beginning of the seizure. These types of seizures include tonic-clonic (grand mal) seizures, absence (petit mal) seizures, and myoclonic seizures. Generalized epilepsy can be caused by genetic factors or brain abnormalities, and it is typically treated with medication. People with generalized epilepsy may experience difficulties with learning, memory, and behavior, and they may have a higher risk of injury during a seizure. It's important for individuals with generalized epilepsy to work closely with their healthcare team to manage their condition and reduce the frequency and severity of seizures.
Epilepsy, partial is a type of epilepsy characterized by recurrent, unprovoked seizures that originate in a specific, localized area of the brain. These seizures are also known as focal seizures and can vary in severity and symptoms depending on the location of the abnormal electrical activity in the brain.
Partial epilepsies can be further classified into two main categories: simple partial seizures and complex partial seizures. Simple partial seizures do not involve a loss of consciousness, while complex partial seizures are associated with impaired awareness or responsiveness during the seizure.
The causes of partial epilepsies can include brain injury, infection, stroke, tumors, genetic factors, or an unknown cause. Treatment typically involves anti-seizure medications, and in some cases, surgery may be recommended to remove the specific area of the brain responsible for the seizures.
Camptotheca
Joseph Decaisne
Drug discovery
Blastococcus endophyticus
Orto Botanico "G.E. Ghirardi"
Topoisomerase inhibitor
Hyperoside
2021 in paleobotany
Topotecan
Trifolin
List of sequenced plant genomes
Tree
Camptothecin
TOP1
Irinotecan
Paskapoo Formation
Flora of China
Wasatch Formation
Chemotherapy
Medicinal plants
Plant sources of anti-cancer agents
Topoisomerase
Nyssaceae
Wulong Karst
List of MeSH codes (B06)
Neoprotoparmelia
Mostuea
RTI International
CRLX101
Timeline of cancer treatment development
Camptotheca - Wikipedia
Trichome Management to Enhance Camptothecins in Camptotheca Decaisne
Isolation and purification of 10-hydroxycamptothecin and vincoside-lactam from Camptotheca acuminata seed by polyamide]. |...
Effect of Low Temperature Stress on the Membrane-lipid Peroxidation and the Concentration of Free Proline in Camptotheca...
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Cancer Care & Herb Research About Us
Acuminata10
- There are two species: Camptotheca acuminata Decne. (wikipedia.org)
- Camptotheca lowreyana S.Y.Li The bark and stems of C. acuminata contain the alkaloid camptothecin. (wikipedia.org)
- Isolation and purification of 10-hydroxycamptothecin and vincoside-lactam from Camptotheca acuminata seed by polyamide]. (bvsalud.org)
- To investigate the technological parameters of the isolation and purification of 10-hydroxycamptothecin and vincoside- lactam from Camptotheca acuminata seed by polyamide . (bvsalud.org)
- The activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and the concentration of chlorophyll, free proline (Pro), and malondialdehyde (MDA) of Camptotheca acuminata seedling under low temperature stress were studied. (lykxyj.com)
- Irinotecan HCl is a semisynthetic derivative of camptothecin, an alkaloid extract from plants such as Camptotheca acuminata. (rxmed.com)
- Camptotheca acuminata Seed Ext. (healthyhabitsliving.com)
- Camptothecin (Camptotheca acuminata), (GoldBio Catalog # C-705) has also been produced by endosymbiotic fungi present in Camptotheca acuminata, which is a tree predominantly found in southern China. (goldbio.com)
- For example the drugs teniposide and etoposide are derived from podophyllotoxin, which is a non-alkaloid toxin from roots and rhizome of Podophyllum species and topotecan and irinotecan are hydrophilic analogs of the anticancer drug camptothecin obtained from the bark of Camptotheca acuminata. (longdom.org)
- Two topoisomerase I inhibitors, irinotecan and topotecan, are semi-synthetically derived from camptothecin, which is obtained from the Chinese ornamental tree Camptotheca acuminata. (infutureweb.com)
Camptothecin1
- Semisynthetic derivative of camptothecin, an alkaloid extract from the Camptotheca acuminate tree. (medscape.com)
Camptothecins1
- Our experiments showed that camptothecins (CPTs) are primarily accumulated in glandular trichomes in Camptotheca. (benthamopen.com)
Native2
- Camptotheca (happy tree, cancer tree, or tree of life) is a genus of medium-sized deciduous trees growing to 20 metres (66 ft) tall, native to southern China and Tibet. (wikipedia.org)
- Native to Southern China and Tibet, Camptotheca is known as the Happy Tree or the Tree of Life. (healthyhabitsliving.com)
China1
- Camptotheca is endemic to China and there are limited data about the breeding system and morphogenesis of the flowers. (botany.one)
Found1
- We found that pruning, particularly decapitation pruning (T-pruning) can effectively induce contents and derivatization of CPTs in Camptotheca, and the leveled CPTs caused induced endogenous autotoxicity (abnormal morphogenesis) in the plants. (benthamopen.com)
Acuminate5
- Semisynthetic derivative of camptothecin, an alkaloid extract from the Camptotheca acuminate tree. (medscape.com)
- Camptotheca acuminate (Happy Tree) was first used traditional medicine (ancient Chinese) as a treatment for common colds, psoriasis, liver problems and digestive problems. (gardenofcures.com)
- Scientific research has found the cancer-fighting properties in Camptotheca acuminate thus it is called a cancer-tree. (gardenofcures.com)
- Camptothecin (CPT) is an alkaloid isolated from the the bark and stem wood of the Chinese tree, Camptotheca acuminate. (buyextracts.com)
- Among these, the tree species, Camptotheca acuminate, and the two shrubs, Lantana camara and Mimosa bimucronata, could potentially be planted as a landscape barrier. (authorea.com)
Nyssaceae1
- Género de plantas de la familia NYSSACEAE (en ocasiones clasificadas en la familia CORNACEAE). (bvsalud.org)
Happy tree1
- Camptotheca (happy tree, cancer tree, or tree of life) is a genus of medium-sized deciduous trees growing to 20 metres (66 ft) tall, native to southern China and Tibet. (wikipedia.org)
Fruit1
- The root or fruit of the camptotheca can be grounded into a powder and taken once a day. (gardenofcures.com)