Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome
Hantaan virus
Hantavirus
Puumala virus
Hantavirus Infections
Seoul virus
Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome
Hemorrhagic Fevers, Viral
Disease Reservoirs
Arvicolinae
Montenegro
Rodent Diseases
Dental Pulp Calcification
Muridae
Sin Nombre virus
Nucleocapsid Proteins
Down Syndrome
Metabolic Syndrome X
Hemoptysis
Climate
Disease Vectors
Seasons
Vero Cells
Cercopithecus aethiops
Markers of renal function and acute kidney injury in acute heart failure: definitions and impact on outcomes of the cardiorenal syndrome. (1/63)
(+info)Renal function and mortality following cardiac resynchronization therapy. (2/63)
(+info)Advanced glycation end-products, a pathophysiological pathway in the cardiorenal syndrome. (3/63)
(+info)Clinical outcome of renal tubular damage in chronic heart failure. (4/63)
(+info)Higher hemoglobin level is associated with subtle declines in renal function and presence of cardiorenal risk factors in early CKD stages. (5/63)
(+info)Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonism: therapeutic potential in acute heart failure syndromes. (6/63)
(+info)Inflammatory activation: cardiac, renal, and cardio-renal interactions in patients with the cardiorenal syndrome. (7/63)
(+info)New roles for renin and prorenin in heart failure and cardiorenal crosstalk. (8/63)
(+info)Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome (HFRS) is a group of clinically similar diseases caused by several distinct but related orthohantaviruses. The viruses are primarily transmitted to humans through inhalation of aerosols contaminated with excreta of infected rodents.
The clinical presentation of HFRS includes four phases: febrile, hypotensive, oliguric (decreased urine output), and polyuric (increased urine output). The febrile phase is characterized by fever, headache, myalgia, and abdominal pain. In the hypotensive phase, patients may experience a sudden drop in blood pressure, shock, and acute kidney injury leading to oliguria. The oliguric phase can last for days to weeks, followed by a polyuric phase where urine output increases significantly.
Additional symptoms of HFRS may include nausea, vomiting, conjunctival injection (redness), photophobia (sensitivity to light), and petechial rash (small red or purple spots on the skin caused by bleeding under the skin). In severe cases, HFRS can lead to acute renal failure, hypovolemic shock, and even death.
The severity of HFRS varies depending on the specific virus causing the infection. The most severe form of HFRS is caused by the Hantaaan virus, which has a mortality rate of up to 15%. Other viruses that can cause HFRS include Dobrava-Belgrade, Seoul, and Puumala viruses, with lower mortality rates ranging from less than 1% to about 5%.
Prevention measures for HFRS include reducing exposure to rodents and their excreta through proper food storage, waste disposal, and rodent control. Vaccines are available in some countries to prevent HFRS caused by specific viruses.
Hantaan virus (HTNV) is a species of the genus Orthohantavirus, which causes hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) in humans. This enveloped, single-stranded, negative-sense RNA virus is primarily transmitted to humans through contact with infected rodents or their excreta, particularly the striped field mouse (Apodemus agrarius) in Asia. The virus was initially isolated in 1976 from the Hantaan River area in Korea.
HTNV infection leads to a spectrum of clinical manifestations in HFRS, ranging from mild to severe forms. The symptoms often include fever, headache, muscle pain, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and blurred vision. In severe cases, it can cause acute renal failure, hypotension, and hemorrhagic complications. The incubation period for HTNV infection typically ranges from 7 to 42 days.
Prevention strategies include avoiding contact with rodents, reducing rodent populations in living areas, using personal protective equipment when handling potentially infected materials, and ensuring proper food storage and waste disposal practices. No specific antiviral treatment is available for HFRS caused by HTNV; however, supportive care, such as fluid replacement and hemodialysis, can help manage severe symptoms and improve outcomes.
Hantavirus is an etiologic agent for several clinical syndromes, including hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) and hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS). It's a single-stranded RNA virus belonging to the family Bunyaviridae, genus Orthohantavirus.
These viruses are primarily transmitted to humans by inhalation of aerosolized excreta from infected rodents. The symptoms can range from flu-like illness to severe respiratory distress and renal failure, depending upon the specific hantavirus species. There are no known treatments for HFRS, but early recognition and supportive care can significantly improve outcomes. Ribavirin has been used in some cases of HPS with apparent benefit, although its general efficacy is not well-established
(References: CDC, NIH, WHO)
Puumala virus (PUUV) is an RNA virus that belongs to the Hantavirus genus in the Bunyaviridae family. It is the most common cause of nephropathia epidemica (NE), also known as hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS), in Europe. The virus is primarily transmitted to humans through contact with infected rodent urine, droppings, or saliva, particularly from the bank vole (Myodes glareolus). The symptoms of NE caused by PUUV include fever, headache, muscle pain, nausea, and vomiting, which can progress to acute kidney injury in severe cases. Preventive measures include avoiding contact with rodents and their excreta, as well as ensuring proper ventilation when cleaning areas where rodents may be present.
Hantavirus infections are a group of viral diseases caused by rodent-borne hantaviruses. These viruses are primarily transmitted to humans through the inhalation of aerosolized urine, droppings, or saliva from infected rodents, particularly the deer mouse, white-tailed mouse, and rice rat in North America.
There are several different types of hantavirus infections, including Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome (HPS) and Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome (HFRS). HPS is more common in the Americas, while HFRS is more prevalent in Europe and Asia.
Symptoms of hantavirus infections can vary depending on the specific type of infection but may include fever, muscle aches, headache, fatigue, and coughing. In severe cases, hantavirus infections can lead to respiratory failure, shock, and even death.
Preventive measures include avoiding contact with rodents, sealing entry points to prevent their entry into homes or buildings, and using appropriate personal protective equipment when cleaning areas where rodents may have been present. Currently, there is no specific treatment for hantavirus infections, but early recognition and supportive care can improve outcomes.
A syndrome, in medical terms, is a set of symptoms that collectively indicate or characterize a disease, disorder, or underlying pathological process. It's essentially a collection of signs and/or symptoms that frequently occur together and can suggest a particular cause or condition, even though the exact physiological mechanisms might not be fully understood.
For example, Down syndrome is characterized by specific physical features, cognitive delays, and other developmental issues resulting from an extra copy of chromosome 21. Similarly, metabolic syndromes like diabetes mellitus type 2 involve a group of risk factors such as obesity, high blood pressure, high blood sugar, and abnormal cholesterol or triglyceride levels that collectively increase the risk of heart disease, stroke, and diabetes.
It's important to note that a syndrome is not a specific diagnosis; rather, it's a pattern of symptoms that can help guide further diagnostic evaluation and management.
'Murinae' is not a medical term. It is a taxonomic classification used in biology, specifically for a subfamily of rodents that includes mice, rats, and several related species. The term 'Murinae' comes from the family Muridae, which is the largest family of mammals, containing over 700 species.
The misconception might arise because medical professionals sometimes use common names for various animals or organisms in their diagnoses, treatments, or research. However, it is essential to clarify that 'Murinae' is a scientific classification and not a medical term.
Seoul virus is a type of hantavirus that can cause a severe and sometimes fatal disease in humans called hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS). It is primarily carried by the brown or Norway rat (Rattus norvegicus) and is transmitted to humans through contact with infected rat urine, droppings, or saliva.
The virus can also be spread through aerosolized particles of rat excreta, making it possible for the virus to infect people who come into contact with contaminated dust or airborne particles. In addition, Seoul virus can be transmitted through the bite of an infected rat or by consuming food or water contaminated with rat urine or feces.
The symptoms of Seoul virus infection typically appear within 1-2 weeks after exposure and can include fever, chills, headache, muscle aches, nausea, and vomiting. In severe cases, the virus can cause damage to the blood vessels, leading to bleeding disorders, low blood pressure, and acute kidney failure.
Seoul virus is found worldwide, but it is most commonly reported in Asia. People who work in rat-infested environments, such as sewers, warehouses, and farms, are at increased risk of exposure to the virus. There is no specific treatment for Seoul virus infection, but supportive care, such as fluid replacement and management of complications, can improve outcomes. Prevention measures include avoiding contact with rats and their excreta, using personal protective equipment when working in rat-infested areas, and practicing good hygiene.
Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome (HPS) is a severe, sometimes fatal, respiratory disease in humans caused by infection with hantaviruses. These viruses are spread to people through the aerosolized urine, droppings, or saliva of infected rodents. The virus cannot be transmitted between humans unless there is direct contact with an infected person's blood or bodily fluids. Early symptoms include fatigue, fever, and muscle aches, followed by coughing and shortness of breath as the lungs fill with fluid leading to severe respiratory distress. It's crucial to seek immediate medical attention if you suspect HPS because it can progress rapidly to serious illness or death within days.
**Hemorrhagic fevers, viral** are a group of severe, potentially fatal illnesses caused by viruses that affect the body's ability to regulate its blood vessels and clotting abilities. These viruses belong to several different families including *Filoviridae* (e.g., Ebola, Marburg), *Arenaviridae* (e.g., Lassa, Machupo), *Bunyaviridae* (e.g., Hantavirus, Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus) and *Flaviviridae* (e.g., Dengue, Yellow Fever).
The initial symptoms are non-specific and include sudden onset of fever, fatigue, muscle aches, joint pains, headache, and vomiting. As the disease progresses, it may lead to capillary leakage, internal and external bleeding, and multi-organ failure resulting in shock and death in severe cases.
The transmission of these viruses can occur through various means depending on the specific virus. For example, some are transmitted via contact with infected animals or their urine/feces (e.g., Hantavirus), others through insect vectors like ticks (Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever) or mosquitoes (Dengue, Yellow Fever), and yet others through direct contact with infected body fluids (Ebola, Marburg).
There are no specific treatments for most viral hemorrhagic fevers. However, some experimental antiviral drugs have shown promise in treating certain types of the disease. Supportive care, such as maintaining blood pressure, replacing lost fluids and electrolytes, and managing pain, is critical to improving outcomes. Prevention measures include avoiding areas where the viruses are common, using personal protective equipment when caring for infected individuals or handling potentially contaminated materials, and controlling insect vectors.
Sources: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), World Health Organization (WHO).
A disease reservoir refers to a population or group of living organisms, including humans, animals, and even plants, that can naturally carry and transmit a particular pathogen (disease-causing agent) without necessarily showing symptoms of the disease themselves. These hosts serve as a source of infection for other susceptible individuals, allowing the pathogen to persist and circulate within a community or environment.
Disease reservoirs can be further classified into:
1. **Primary (or Main) Reservoir**: This refers to the species that primarily harbors and transmits the pathogen, contributing significantly to its natural ecology and maintaining its transmission cycle. For example, mosquitoes are the primary reservoirs for many arboviruses like dengue, Zika, and chikungunya viruses.
2. **Amplifying Hosts**: These hosts can become infected with the pathogen and experience a high rate of replication, leading to an increased concentration of the pathogen in their bodies. This allows for efficient transmission to other susceptible hosts or vectors. For instance, birds are amplifying hosts for West Nile virus, as they can become viremic (have high levels of virus in their blood) and infect feeding mosquitoes that then transmit the virus to other animals and humans.
3. **Dead-end Hosts**: These hosts may become infected with the pathogen but do not contribute significantly to its transmission cycle, as they either do not develop sufficient quantities of the pathogen to transmit it or do not come into contact with potential vectors or susceptible hosts. For example, humans are dead-end hosts for many zoonotic diseases like rabies, as they cannot transmit the virus to other humans.
Understanding disease reservoirs is crucial in developing effective strategies for controlling and preventing infectious diseases, as it helps identify key species and environments that contribute to their persistence and transmission.
Arvicolinae is a subfamily of rodents that includes voles, lemmings, and muskrats. These small mammals are characterized by their short legs, rounded bodies, and short tails. They are primarily found in the northern hemisphere, with the majority of species living in North America and Eurasia.
Arvicolines are known for their high reproductive rate and ability to survive in a variety of habitats, including grasslands, forests, tundra, and wetlands. They have a unique set of teeth called hypsodont teeth, which continue to grow throughout their lives. This adaptation allows them to wear down their teeth as they gnaw on tough plant material.
Many arvicoline species are important prey animals for larger predators, such as hawks, owls, and foxes. Some species, like the muskrat, are also hunted by humans for their fur or meat. In recent years, some arvicoline populations have experienced dramatic fluctuations in size due to changes in their habitats and food supplies, leading to concerns about their conservation status.
I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Montenegro" is not a medical term or condition. It is the name of a country located in Southeastern Europe on the Adriatic Sea. If you have any questions related to medical terminology or health concerns, I would be happy to help answer those!
I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Slovenia" is not a medical term. It is actually a country located in Central Europe. If you have any questions about medical terms or concepts, I would be happy to help clarify those for you.
I am not aware of a specific medical definition for the term "China." Generally, it is used to refer to:
1. The People's Republic of China (PRC), which is a country in East Asia. It is the most populous country in the world and the fourth largest by geographical area. Its capital city is Beijing.
2. In a historical context, "China" was used to refer to various dynasties and empires that existed in East Asia over thousands of years. The term "Middle Kingdom" or "Zhongguo" (中国) has been used by the Chinese people to refer to their country for centuries.
3. In a more general sense, "China" can also be used to describe products or goods that originate from or are associated with the People's Republic of China.
If you have a specific context in which you encountered the term "China" related to medicine, please provide it so I can give a more accurate response.
Rodent-borne diseases are infectious diseases transmitted to humans (and other animals) by rodents, their parasites or by contact with rodent urine, feces, or saliva. These diseases can be caused by viruses, bacteria, fungi, or parasites. Some examples of rodent-borne diseases include Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome, Leptospirosis, Salmonellosis, Rat-bite fever, and Plague. It's important to note that rodents can also cause allergic reactions in some people through their dander, urine, or saliva. Proper sanitation, rodent control measures, and protective equipment when handling rodents can help prevent the spread of these diseases.
"Rodentia" is not a medical term, but a taxonomic category in biology. It refers to the largest order of mammals, comprising over 40% of all mammal species. Commonly known as rodents, this group includes mice, rats, hamsters, gerbils, guinea pigs, squirrels, prairie dogs, capybaras, beavers, and many others.
While "Rodentia" itself is not a medical term, certain conditions or issues related to rodents can have medical implications. For instance, rodents are known to carry and transmit various diseases that can affect humans, such as hantavirus, leptospirosis, salmonellosis, and lymphocytic choriomeningitis (LCMV). Therefore, understanding the biology and behavior of rodents is important in the context of public health and preventive medicine.
Dental pulp calcification, also known as pulp stones or denticles, refers to the formation of hard tissue within the pulp chamber of a tooth. The pulp chamber is the central part of a tooth that contains its nerves, blood vessels, and connective tissues.
Pulp calcification occurs when the soft tissue of the pulp gradually transforms into a harder, calcified substance. This can happen as a result of aging, injury, or inflammation in the pulp chamber. Over time, these calcifications can build up and make the pulp chamber smaller, which can potentially lead to problems with the tooth's nerve and blood supply.
While dental pulp calcification is not usually harmful on its own, it can cause issues if it becomes severe enough to compress the tooth's nerve or restrict blood flow. In some cases, calcifications may also make root canal treatment more difficult, as there may be less space to work within the pulp chamber.
Antibodies, viral are proteins produced by the immune system in response to an infection with a virus. These antibodies are capable of recognizing and binding to specific antigens on the surface of the virus, which helps to neutralize or destroy the virus and prevent its replication. Once produced, these antibodies can provide immunity against future infections with the same virus.
Viral antibodies are typically composed of four polypeptide chains - two heavy chains and two light chains - that are held together by disulfide bonds. The binding site for the antigen is located at the tip of the Y-shaped structure, formed by the variable regions of the heavy and light chains.
There are five classes of antibodies in humans: IgA, IgD, IgE, IgG, and IgM. Each class has a different function and is distributed differently throughout the body. For example, IgG is the most common type of antibody found in the bloodstream and provides long-term immunity against viruses, while IgA is found primarily in mucous membranes and helps to protect against respiratory and gastrointestinal infections.
In addition to their role in the immune response, viral antibodies can also be used as diagnostic tools to detect the presence of a specific virus in a patient's blood or other bodily fluids.
I apologize for any confusion, but "Muridae" is not a medical term. It is a taxonomic category in biology, specifically it is a family of rodents that includes mice, rats, hamsters, gerbils, and many other species. If you have any questions about medical terminology or concepts, I would be happy to help with those.
Sin Nombre virus (SNV) is a type of hantavirus that was first identified in 1993 during an outbreak of severe respiratory illness in the Four Corners region of the southwestern United States. The name "Sin Nombre" means "without name" in Spanish and was given to the virus because it had not been previously identified or named.
SNV is primarily carried by deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus) and can be transmitted to humans through contact with infected rodent urine, droppings, or saliva, or by inhaling aerosolized particles of the virus. The virus causes hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS), a severe and sometimes fatal respiratory disease characterized by fever, muscle aches, coughing, and shortness of breath.
SNV is a single-stranded RNA virus that belongs to the family Bunyaviridae and the genus Hantavirus. It is a select agent, which means that it has the potential to pose a severe threat to public health and safety, and is therefore subject to strict regulations and controls by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and other federal agencies.
Nucleocapsid proteins are structural proteins that are associated with the viral genome in many viruses. They play a crucial role in the formation and stability of the viral particle, also known as the virion. In particular, nucleocapsid proteins bind to the viral RNA or DNA genome and help to protect it from degradation by host cell enzymes. They also participate in the assembly and disassembly of the virion during the viral replication cycle.
In some viruses, such as coronaviruses, the nucleocapsid protein is also involved in regulating the transcription and replication of the viral genome. The nucleocapsid protein of SARS-CoV-2, for example, has been shown to interact with host cell proteins that are involved in the regulation of gene expression, which may contribute to the virus's ability to manipulate the host cell environment and evade the immune response.
Overall, nucleocapsid proteins are important components of many viruses and are often targeted by antiviral therapies due to their essential role in the viral replication cycle.
Down syndrome is a genetic disorder caused by the presence of all or part of a third copy of chromosome 21. It is characterized by intellectual and developmental disabilities, distinctive facial features, and sometimes physical growth delays and health problems. The condition affects approximately one in every 700 babies born in the United States.
Individuals with Down syndrome have varying degrees of cognitive impairment, ranging from mild to moderate or severe. They may also have delayed development, including late walking and talking, and may require additional support and education services throughout their lives.
People with Down syndrome are at increased risk for certain health conditions, such as congenital heart defects, respiratory infections, hearing loss, vision problems, gastrointestinal issues, and thyroid disorders. However, many individuals with Down syndrome live healthy and fulfilling lives with appropriate medical care and support.
The condition is named after John Langdon Down, an English physician who first described the syndrome in 1866.
Metabolic syndrome, also known as Syndrome X, is a cluster of conditions that increase the risk of heart disease, stroke, and diabetes. It is not a single disease but a group of risk factors that often co-occur. According to the American Heart Association and the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, a person has metabolic syndrome if they have any three of the following five conditions:
1. Abdominal obesity (waist circumference of 40 inches or more in men, and 35 inches or more in women)
2. Triglyceride level of 150 milligrams per deciliter of blood (mg/dL) or greater
3. HDL cholesterol level of less than 40 mg/dL in men or less than 50 mg/dL in women
4. Systolic blood pressure of 130 millimeters of mercury (mmHg) or greater, or diastolic blood pressure of 85 mmHg or greater
5. Fasting glucose level of 100 mg/dL or greater
Metabolic syndrome is thought to be caused by a combination of genetic and lifestyle factors, such as physical inactivity and a diet high in refined carbohydrates and unhealthy fats. Treatment typically involves making lifestyle changes, such as eating a healthy diet, getting regular exercise, and losing weight if necessary. In some cases, medication may also be needed to manage individual components of the syndrome, such as high blood pressure or high cholesterol.
I apologize for any confusion, but "Croatia" is not a medical term or condition. It is a country located in Central and Southeastern Europe. If you have any questions about Croatian healthcare or medical practices, I would be happy to try to help answer those for you.
Hemoptysis is the medical term for coughing up blood that originates from the lungs or lower respiratory tract. It can range in severity from streaks of blood mixed with mucus to large amounts of pure blood. Hemoptysis may be a sign of various underlying conditions, such as bronchitis, pneumonia, tuberculosis, cancer, or blood disorders. Immediate medical attention is required when hemoptysis occurs, especially if it's in significant quantities, to determine the cause and provide appropriate treatment.
Climate, in the context of environmental science and medicine, refers to the long-term average of weather conditions (such as temperature, humidity, atmospheric pressure, wind, rainfall, and other meteorological elements) in a given region over a period of years to decades. It is the statistical description of the weather patterns that occur in a particular location over long periods of time.
In medical terms, climate can have significant impacts on human health, both physical and mental. For example, extreme temperatures, air pollution, and ultraviolet radiation levels associated with certain climates can increase the risk of respiratory and cardiovascular diseases, heat-related illnesses, and skin cancer. Similarly, changes in climate patterns can affect the distribution and prevalence of infectious diseases, such as malaria and Lyme disease.
Climate change, which refers to significant long-term changes in the statistical distribution of weather patterns over periods ranging from decades to millions of years, can have even more profound impacts on human health, including increased rates of heat-related illnesses and deaths, worsening air quality, and altered transmission patterns of infectious diseases.
I'm sorry for any confusion, but "rain" is not a medical term. In general, rain refers to water droplets that fall from the sky as part of the Earth's weather cycle. These drops form when moisture in the air condenses and cools, creating clouds which eventually become heavy enough to release the collected water.
If you have any medical concerns or questions, I'd be happy to try and help answer those for you!
A disease vector is a living organism that transmits infectious pathogens from one host to another. These vectors can include mosquitoes, ticks, fleas, and other arthropods that carry viruses, bacteria, parasites, or other disease-causing agents. The vector becomes infected with the pathogen after biting an infected host, and then transmits the infection to another host through its saliva or feces during a subsequent blood meal.
Disease vectors are of particular concern in public health because they can spread diseases rapidly and efficiently, often over large geographic areas. Controlling vector-borne diseases requires a multifaceted approach that includes reducing vector populations, preventing bites, and developing vaccines or treatments for the associated diseases.
I'm sorry for any confusion, but "seasons" is not a term that has a medical definition. Seasons refer to the four divisions of the year (spring, summer, autumn or fall, and winter) based on the position of the earth in its orbit around the sun. If you have any questions related to health or medicine, I'd be happy to try to help answer those!
Vero cells are a line of cultured kidney epithelial cells that were isolated from an African green monkey (Cercopithecus aethiops) in the 1960s. They are named after the location where they were initially developed, the Vervet Research Institute in Japan.
Vero cells have the ability to divide indefinitely under certain laboratory conditions and are often used in scientific research, including virology, as a host cell for viruses to replicate. This allows researchers to study the characteristics of various viruses, such as their growth patterns and interactions with host cells. Vero cells are also used in the production of some vaccines, including those for rabies, polio, and Japanese encephalitis.
It is important to note that while Vero cells have been widely used in research and vaccine production, they can still have variations between different cell lines due to factors like passage number or culture conditions. Therefore, it's essential to specify the exact source and condition of Vero cells when reporting experimental results.
An antigen is any substance that can stimulate an immune response, particularly the production of antibodies. Viral antigens are antigens that are found on or produced by viruses. They can be proteins, glycoproteins, or carbohydrates present on the surface or inside the viral particle.
Viral antigens play a crucial role in the immune system's recognition and response to viral infections. When a virus infects a host cell, it may display its antigens on the surface of the infected cell. This allows the immune system to recognize and target the infected cells for destruction, thereby limiting the spread of the virus.
Viral antigens are also important targets for vaccines. Vaccines typically work by introducing a harmless form of a viral antigen to the body, which then stimulates the production of antibodies and memory T-cells that can recognize and respond quickly and effectively to future infections with the actual virus.
It's worth noting that different types of viruses have different antigens, and these antigens can vary between strains of the same virus. This is why there are often different vaccines available for different viral diseases, and why flu vaccines need to be updated every year to account for changes in the circulating influenza virus strains.
'Cercopithecus aethiops' is the scientific name for the monkey species more commonly known as the green monkey. It belongs to the family Cercopithecidae and is native to western Africa. The green monkey is omnivorous, with a diet that includes fruits, nuts, seeds, insects, and small vertebrates. They are known for their distinctive greenish-brown fur and long tail. Green monkeys are also important animal models in biomedical research due to their susceptibility to certain diseases, such as SIV (simian immunodeficiency virus), which is closely related to HIV.
RNA viruses are a type of virus that contain ribonucleic acid (RNA) as their genetic material, as opposed to deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). RNA viruses replicate by using an enzyme called RNA-dependent RNA polymerase to transcribe and replicate their RNA genome.
There are several different groups of RNA viruses, including:
1. Negative-sense single-stranded RNA viruses: These viruses have a genome that is complementary to the mRNA and must undergo transcription to produce mRNA before translation can occur. Examples include influenza virus, measles virus, and rabies virus.
2. Positive-sense single-stranded RNA viruses: These viruses have a genome that can serve as mRNA and can be directly translated into protein after entry into the host cell. Examples include poliovirus, rhinoviruses, and coronaviruses.
3. Double-stranded RNA viruses: These viruses have a genome consisting of double-stranded RNA and use a complex replication strategy involving both transcription and reverse transcription. Examples include rotaviruses and reoviruses.
RNA viruses are known to cause a wide range of human diseases, ranging from the common cold to more severe illnesses such as hepatitis C, polio, and COVID-19. Due to their high mutation rates and ability to adapt quickly to new environments, RNA viruses can be difficult to control and treat with antiviral drugs or vaccines.
Cardiorenal syndrome
Faciocardiorenal syndrome
Stefan D. Anker
Fluoro-jade stain
Loop diuretic
List of diseases (O)
Acute kidney injury
List of syndromes
Cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome
CLCNKA
SGLT2 inhibitor
Jonah (2019 miniseries)
Beta blocker
Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza
Acebutolol
List of ICD-9 codes 740-759: congenital anomalies
Danaparoid
Troponin I
Respiratory therapist
Murielle Bochud
Alpha-1 blocker
William V. Judy
Thomas G. Pickering
Congenital heart defect
Wernicke encephalopathy
Lumleian Lectures
Myocardial infarction
McGill University Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences
Koolen-De Vries syndrome
Complications of hypertension
Cardiorenal syndrome - Wikipedia
Impact of cardio-renal syndrome on adverse outcomes in patients with Fabry disease in a long-term follow-up - Zurich Open...
The cardiorenal syndrome includes the well known relationship between kidney function - A high-throughput screen identifies...
Cardio-Renal Syndrome - PharmaLegacy | Preclinical Pharmacology CRO
Prevalence and prognostic impact of chronic kidney disease and anaemia across ACC/AHA precursor and symptomatic heart failure...
Cardio-Renal syndromes: Lessons from Human pathophysiology - Ceva Symposium
Anemia of Chronic Disease and Kidney Failure: Overview, Mechanism of Anemia of Chronic Disease, Prevalence of Anemia of Chronic...
Anemia of Chronic Disease and Kidney Failure: Overview, Mechanism of Anemia of Chronic Disease, Prevalence of Anemia of Chronic...
Orthostatic Hypertension on Cardiorenal Syndrome: A Deep Dive
Page 1 | Search Results | Karger Publishers
All-cause mortality in elderly adults diagnosed with cardiorenal syndrome after an internal medicine unit admission.
Right Heart Failure and Cardiorenal Syndrome | Hospital Medicine Virtual Journal Club | Washington University in St. Louis
Fluid Volume Overload and Congestion in Heart Failure: Time to Reconsider Pathophysiology and How Volume Is Assessed
LATUDA - Renal and Urology News
Keiko I. Greenberg, MD| Nephrology | MedStar Health
POEMS syndrome | DermNet
August's Consultations in Feline Internal Medicine, Volume 7, 1st Edition - 9780323226523
Yale New Haven Health | 2016
Souleymane Coulibaly - Articles - Scientific Research Publishing
Recognition of deteriorating patient post-surgery - Health & Disability Commissioner
Internet Scientific Publications
SAMER J KHOURI RECENT PUBLICATIONS
Managing Patients with Concurrent Cardiac and Renal Disease - WSAVA 2019 Congress - VIN
Is there a link between heart disease and kidney disease? | HowStuffWorks
Novel potassium binders: a clinical update
Frontiers | Cellular Senescence in Kidney Fibrosis: Pathologic Significance and Therapeutic Strategies
Toxins | Free Full-Text | Indoxyl Sulfate Contributes to Adipose Tissue Inflammation through the Activation of NADPH Oxidase
Prevalence, outcomes and costs of a contemporary, multinational population with heart failure | Heart
'A Lot More to Do' for Longevity of Kids Who Receive...
Dysfunction16
- A substantial number of individuals with CKD perish of CV problems before they improvement to end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and renal dysfunction in individuals with major cardiac disease portends a considerably enhanced threat of morbidity and mortality from CVD [5]. (sciencepop.org)
- Therefore using the ageing of the populace and control of CV risk elements specifically arterial hypertension understanding the systems of renal dysfunction like a pathogenic element for cardiovascular (CV) disease can be essential. (sciencepop.org)
- Cardiorenal syndrome (CRS) occurs when any acute or chronic dysfunction in either the heart or kidneys leads to a dysfunction in the other organ. (pharmalegacy.com)
- Cardiorenal syndrome (CRS) includes a range of disorders that involve both the heart and kidneys, where acute or chronic dysfunction in one of the organs may cause acute or chronic dysfunction in the other organ. (bpincontrol.in)
- Cardiorenal Syndrome is a group of different clinical conditions in which heart and kidney dysfunction overlap as per the Consensus Conference on Acute Dialysis Quality Initiative Group. (bpincontrol.in)
- The cardio-renal syndrome (CRS) is a heart and kidneys disorder in which the acute or chronic dysfunction of one can induce an acute or chronic dysfunction of the other, and is divided into 5 types. (unife.it)
- Even if different types of CRS appear to exhibit different survival curves, at least in our groups of elderly patients suffering from both heart and renal dysfunction, the main risk factors for all-cause mortality remain age and severity of renal failure. (unife.it)
- Cardiorenal syndrome is a complex interplay of dysregulated heart and kidney interaction that leads to multiorgan system dysfunction, which is not an uncommon occurrence in the setting of right heart failure. (wustl.edu)
- The traditional concept of impaired perfusion and forward flow recently has been modified to include the recognition of systemic venous congestion as a contributor, with direct and indirect mechanisms, including elevated renal venous pressure, reduced renal perfusion pressure, increased renal interstitial pressure, tubular dysfunction, splanchnic congestion, and neurohormonal and inflammatory activation. (wustl.edu)
- Morgan E, Sheikh M, Cooper C , Khouri S. The Prevalence and Predictors of Left Ventricular Systolic Dysfunction in Patients with Renal Artery Stenosis. (utoledo.edu)
- There is a very high prevalence of renal dysfunction in all solid organ transplant recipients. (medscape.com)
- Cardiorenal Syndrome is a specific condition which is characterized by a rapid or chronic worsening of cardiac function leading to acute or chronic kidney injury (A/CKI) and the reciprocal organ dysfunction sequence can be possible. (cardiologyresearchjournal.com)
- Acute or chronic systemic disorders can cause both cardiac and renal dysfunction. (cardiologyresearchjournal.com)
- The term cardiorenal syndrome (CRS) is often used to describe this condition and represents an important model for exploring the pathophysiology of cardiac and renal dysfunction. (biomedcentral.com)
- The current definition has been expanded into five subtypes whose etymology reflects the primary and secondary pathology, the time frame, as well as cardiac and renal co-dysfunction secondary to systemic disease [ 1 ] (Table 1 ). (biomedcentral.com)
- Heart failure (HF) is a syndrome of ventricular dysfunction. (msdmanuals.com)
Insufficiency1
- Although PD's local effects are well established, the researchers increasingly searched to determine a connection among the events occurring in oral cavity and the systemic inflammatory processes, such as renal insufficiency 15 , atherosclerosis 3 , and diabetes 18 . (bvsalud.org)
Systemic1
- Acute inflammation of the pericardium may be infectious in origin or may be due to systemic diseases (autoimmune syndromes, uremia), neoplasm, radiation, drug toxicity, hemopericardium, or contiguous inflammatory processes in the myocardium or lung. (health.am)
Maladies cardio-vasculaires5
- RÉSUMÉ La présente étude visait à déterminer la prévalence et les facteurs de risque des maladies cardio- vasculaires dans une population iranienne de patients atteints de diabète de type 2 entre 2006 et 2008. (who.int)
- Les maladies cardio-vasculaires étaient significativement associées avec l'âge, la durée du diabète, l'hypertension, une rétinopathie diabétique, un syndrome métabolique, une insuffisance rénale, le taux de triglycérides, le taux de cholestérol des lipoprotéines de haute densité, l'acide urique et le rapport entre les triglycérides et les lipoprotéines de haute densité. (who.int)
- L'analyse de régression logistique a révélé que l'âge, un syndrome métabolique et le taux de cholestérol des lipoprotéines de haute densité étaient des facteurs prédictifs indépendants importants pour les maladies cardio-vasculaires. (who.int)
- La prévalence élevée des maladies cardio-vasculaires chez les patients iraniens souffrant de diabète de type 2 souligne l'importance d'un meilleur dépistage des facteurs de risque métaboliques de ces maladies chez les patients diabétiques et d'un meilleur traitement. (who.int)
- RÉSUMÉ Des preuves toujours plus nombreuses semblent indiquer que l'inflammation serait un lien entre les maladies cardio-vasculaires et le syndrome métabolique. (who.int)
Cardiovascular8
- We evaluated the impact of cardio-renal syndrome(CRS) on the incidence of major cardiovascular complications and death in a prospective FD cohort. (uzh.ch)
- An aging population and increasing incidence of hypertension type 2 diabetes mellitus obesity and other cardiovascular (CV) risk factors are associated with an increasing incidence of cardiorenal disorders. (sciencepop.org)
- In other words, it is a pathophysiological confluence of the cardiovascular and renal system, where for instance kidneys fail in response to a failing heart. (pharmalegacy.com)
- Worst of all, though, is cardiovascular disease due to cardiorenal syndrome ― the worse the kidney function, the worse the cardiac function," Filler said. (medscape.com)
- Patients with chronic kidney disease have an increased risk of both atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and HF, and cardiovascular disease is responsible for up to 50 percent of deaths in patients with renal failure 1-3 . (cardiologyresearchjournal.com)
- Doing a PhD in Endocrinology, you will become proficient in the skills necessary to contribute to a research portfolio which spans cardiovascular and metabolic diseases affecting those with diabetes, renal disease, and endocrine conditions. (findaphd.com)
- ABSTRACT There is accumulating evidence suggesting that inflammation is the bridging link between cardiovascular disease and metabolic syndrome. (who.int)
- nonsmokers included those and hypertension, all of which are as with metabolic syndrome who were who had never smoked and those who sociated with cardiovascular disease referred to the Endocrinology Clinic of had not smoked for 5 years. (who.int)
Perfusion5
- together with worsening renal perfusion due to forward failure and adaptive mechanisms, serum creatinine levels rise and BUN levels continue to increase. (vin.com)
- Eventually, the dichotomy between preserving adequate renal perfusion and avoiding fluid congestion/CHF marks the onset of the cardiorenal syndrome. (vin.com)
- This prospective study aimed to test the association between renal cortical perfusion (RCP) estimated in color Doppler sonographic dynamic tissue perfusion measurement (DTPM) with thyroid hormones in 36 patients treated with levothyroxine following total thyroidectomy for resectable thyroid cancer. (medscimonit.com)
- Renal cortical perfusion is independently associated with free thyroxine, which can contribute to renal function abnormalities in the condition of impaired thyroid function. (medscimonit.com)
- This small prospective study from a single center showed that the renal cortex's color Doppler sonographic dynamic tissue perfusion measurement had very good intraobserver reproducibility. (medscimonit.com)
Diseases3
- Renal and CV diseases share the same etiopathogenic risk factors including hypertension dyslipidemia glucose metabolism disturbances cigarette smoking obesity and physical inactivity. (sciencepop.org)
- Type 5 CRS denotes cardiac and renal involvement in several diseases. (bpincontrol.in)
- Hospital care costs were highest for cardiorenal diseases. (bmj.com)
Hypertension1
- We provide secondary hypertension evaluation and management, treatment for renal vascular hypertension (when kidney artery narrows and leads to high blood pressure) and when patients have difficulty controlling their high blood pressure. (mayoclinichealthsystem.org)
Disease12
- Consequently understanding these two important systems is vital to improve the management of individuals with cardiorenal disease. (sciencepop.org)
- A consensus conference has recently presented a classification of cardiorenal disease including a division of five subtypes of cardiorenal syndromes according to their pathophysiological mechanisms [7]. (sciencepop.org)
- CKD is included at VTP-27999 VTP-27999 HCl HCl this stage and several conditions connected with renal-function decrease such as for example anemia supplementary hyperparathyroidism or build up of atherogenic chemicals become fresh CVD risk elements and accelerate vascular disease. (sciencepop.org)
- The presence of microalbuminuria is a risk factor for the onset of renal disease in diabetic individuals and indicates increased mortality rates. (bpincontrol.in)
- Cardio- or cerebrovascular disease. (renalandurologynews.com)
- What is the best form of fluid therapy for a chronic renal failure patient who also has heart disease? (vin.com)
- 2 The problem of suboptimal renal function in small animal patients with heart disease is a widely prevalent one, likely with adverse consequences similar to those seen in human medicine. (vin.com)
- We designed the CardioRenal and Metabolic disease (CaReMe) HF study to estimate the prevalence, key clinical adverse outcomes and costs of HF across 11 countries. (bmj.com)
- In 1 69 518 patients with recorded estimated glomerular filtration rate, 49% had chronic kidney disease (CKD) stages III-V. Event rates were highest for cardiorenal disease (HF or CKD) and all cause mortality (19.3 (95% CI 11.3 to 27.1) and 13.1 (11.1 to 15.1), respectively), and lower for myocardial infarction, stroke and peripheral artery disease. (bmj.com)
- Zurück zum Zitat Bright R (1836) Cases and Observations Illustrative of Renal Disease, Accompanied with the Secretion of Albuminous Urine. (springermedizin.de)
- There are a number of potential contributing factors for CRS that may predispose a patient to the development of this syndrome and which are relevant for the susceptibility, etiology, severity and duration of the disease state. (biomedcentral.com)
- The most severe form is the end-stage renal disease (CHRONIC KIDNEY FAILURE). (bvsalud.org)
Failure7
- Patients who have renal failure first may be hard to determine if heart failure is concurrent. (wikipedia.org)
- The main outcome was a composite of incident renal replacement therapy (RRT), hospitalisation due to decompensated Heart Failure, new onset atrial fibrillation, pacemaker/ICD implantation, stroke/TIA and death. (uzh.ch)
- pulmonary and renal failure ( 1 ). (cdc.gov)
- Similarly, in patients with cardiorenal syndrome (CRS), the presence of both heart failure and reduced kidney function represents a common risk factor for HK. (bjcardio.co.uk)
- Heart Failure is a complex syndrome characterized by the incapacity of heart to supply blood, oxygen, and nutrients to the body. (cardiologyresearchjournal.com)
- The patient was a 62-year-old male with no past psychiatric history and a past medical history of congestive heart failure and consequent renal failure who presented for scheduled heart and kidney transplantation. (cambridgemedicine.org)
- The first reports a thrombolysis failure with early formation of a left intraventricular thrombus in a 59-year-old patient with extensive anterior acute coronary syndrome. (bvsalud.org)
Hypovolemia1
- As a result, diuresis of these patients will result in hypovolemia and pre-renal azotemia. (wikipedia.org)
Disorders1
- It is common for cardiac disorders and renal disorders to coexist in small animal patients. (vin.com)
Pathophysiology1
- There is a close interaction within these cardiorenal connectors as well as between these factors and the hemodynamic factors which makes the study of CRS pathophysiology complicated. (wikipedia.org)
Acute4
- Acute cardiorenal syndrome (CRS type 1) and acute renocardiac syndrome (CRS type 3) are particularly relevant in high-acuity medical units. (biomedcentral.com)
- Clinical cases: This work reports three observations of patients hospitalized at the Center Hospitalier Universitaire de Libreville for whom a diagnosis of acute coronary syndrome had been made in Covid-19 during the period from May 1 to September 30, 2020. (bvsalud.org)
- This particular evolution demonstrates the highly inflammatory and prothrombogenic context of Covid-19.The other two observations focus on the atypical presentations and the diagnostic difficulties of acute coronary syndromes in this infectious atmosphere in Libreville. (bvsalud.org)
- Conclusion: The diagnosis and management of acute coronary syndromes are difficult in the context of SARSCoV-2 infection in our regions. (bvsalud.org)
Coexist1
- Cardiorenal syndrome (CRS) is the term used to describe clinical conditions in which cardiac and renal dysfunctions coexist. (cardiologyresearchjournal.com)
Chez1
- La première rapporte l'échec d'une thrombolyse avec la formation précoce d'un thrombus intraventriculaire gauche chez un patient de 59 ans ayant présenté un syndrome coronaire aigu antérieur étendu. (bvsalud.org)
Metabolic Syndrome5
- Ledford K, Ghosh S, Morgan E, Najjar S, Khouri S . The Direct Renin Inhibitor Aliskiren Prevented Onset of the Components of the Metabolic Syndrome in a Novel Mouse Model. (utoledo.edu)
- Using a logistic regression model, age, metabolic syndrome and HDL cholesterol were significant independent predictors of CVD. (who.int)
- We carried out a cross-sectional study of 195 patients with metabolic syndrome. (who.int)
- Metabolic syndrome is a clustering of Participants from the research of Ohsawa et al. (who.int)
- Inflammation is one of Sina Hospital, Tabriz from April 2007 tional intake data were collected using the features of metabolic syndrome, to April 2008. (who.int)
Hepatic1
- In your hepatic & renal studies, the right animal model can make all the difference. (pharmalegacy.com)
Biopsies1
- Kidney biopsies, renal angiogram, tunneled dialysis catheter insertion and removal. (mayoclinichealthsystem.org)
Azotemia1
- 7-9 These patients' renal values rise significantly at the onset of CHF, at which time the confounding influence of diuretics may also contribute to azotemia.8 BUN (but not necessarily creatinine) is elevated thereafter. (vin.com)
Diabetes1
- Whether you are looking at metabolism in people with type 1 diabetes, researching the effect of non-pharmacological interventions in women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome or modelling glycaemic progression and cardiorenal outcomes, you will be aiming to improve care for thousands of patients worldwide. (findaphd.com)
Subtypes1
- As mentioned earlier, cardiorenal syndrome has multiple subtypes. (pharmalegacy.com)
Onset1
- 1-6 The cardiorenal syndrome, then, presents at least two aspects of care that are of interest to use as small animal clinicians: approaches that can help avoid or delay its onset, and methods for managing patients who have developed it despite precautions and optimal care. (vin.com)
Cardiac function1
- VTP-27999 HCl 1 Intro The connection between renal and cardiac function is very important for regulatory functions and hemodynamic control. (sciencepop.org)
Inflammatory2
- Other cardiorenal connectors include renin-angiotensin-system activation, nitric oxide/reactive oxygen species imbalance, inflammatory factors and abnormal activation of the sympathetic nervous system, which can cause structural and functional abnormalities in both heart and/or the kidney. (wikipedia.org)
- The presentation and course of inflammatory pericarditis depend on its cause, but all syndromes are often (not always) associated with chest pain , which is usually pleuritic and postural (relieved by sitting). (health.am)
Patients atteints1
- 195 patients atteints du syndrome métabolique. (who.int)
Conclusions1
- Conclusions: In older persons, renal function cannot appropriately be measured by serum creatinine, and estimated GFR is strongly suggested. (unife.it)
Therapy1
- Should a cardiac patient who is azotemic be given fluid therapy as a form of renal protection? (vin.com)
20201
- Cas cliniques: Ce travail rapporte trois observations de patients hospitalisés au Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Libreville pour lesquels un diagnostic de syndrome coronarien aigu avait été retenu dans un contexte de Covid-19 durant la période allant du 1er mai au 30 septembre 2020. (bvsalud.org)
Proteinuria1
- La insuficiencia renal crónica se clasifica en cinco estadios en función de la disminución de la TASA DE FILTRACIÓN GLOMERULAR y el grado de lesión renal (medido por el grado de la PROTEINURIA). (bvsalud.org)
Significantly1
- The thyroid state significantly influences renal function. (medscimonit.com)
Diagnosis1
- Diagnosis of metabolic a 24hour dietary recall for 3 days (2 which originates from excess visceral syndrome was based on World Health workdays and 1 holiday) by a trained adipose tissue [2]. (who.int)
Severe1
- Cotard syndrome features nihilistic delusions about one's body or existence and is typically related to severe depression though is rarely associated with medical or neurological insults. (cambridgemedicine.org)
Involvement1
- POEMS syndrome is not usually associated with mucous membrane involvement. (dermnetnz.org)
Function1
- The anemia that develops is directly related to the amount of residual renal function. (medscape.com)
Risk1
- VTP-27999 HCl Shape 1 displays a synopsis from the cardiorenal continuum illustrating a simplified edition from the sequential event of Pecam1 the atherosclerotic process from the first stage in which CVD risk factors are detected and can be prevented if the conditions are appropriately controlled by implementing the optimal therapeutic approaches. (sciencepop.org)
Mortality1
- All-cause mortality in elderly adults diagnosed with cardiorenal syndrome after an internal medicine unit admission. (unife.it)
20221
- Zurück zum Zitat Mendez AB, Azancot MA, Olivella A, Soler MJ (2022) New aspects in cardiorenal syndrome and HFpEF. (springermedizin.de)
Difficulties1
- 1 This syndrome presents difficulties in treatment, since certain treatments aimed at resolving one disorder may cause decompensation of the other. (vin.com)
Disorder1
- POEMS syndrome is a rare multisystem disorder. (dermnetnz.org)