A plant genus of the family CELASTRACEAE. The leafy stems of khat are chewed by some individuals for stimulating effect. Members contain ((+)-norpseudoephedrine), cathionine, cathedulin, cathinine & cathidine.
A carboxypeptidase that catalyzes the release of a C-terminal amino acid with a broad specificity. It also plays a role in the LYSOSOMES by protecting BETA-GALACTOSIDASE and NEURAMINIDASE from degradation. It was formerly classified as EC 3.4.12.1 and EC 3.4.21.13.

Pharmacokinetics of cathinone, cathine and norephedrine after the chewing of khat leaves. (1/40)

AIM: The stimulating herbal drug khat is habitually used in East Africa and the Arabian peninsula but is also imported into other countries. The aim was to study the pharmacokinetics of its alkaloids cathinone, cathine and norephedrine. METHODS: Four volunteers chewed khat leaves in an amount equivalent to one-quarter of that used in a typical khat session. Blood samples were collected up to 80 h and the alkaloids were assayed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The data were evaluated using computerized pharmacokinetic compartmental analysis. RESULTS: The plasma concentration-time data for the alkaloids could be described using a two-compartment model with two-segment absorption. The mucosa of the oral cavity is considered to be the first absorption segment, where the major proportion of the alkaloids is absorbed (mean +/- SD 59 +/- 21% for cathinone and 84 +/- 6% for cathine). The extraction of the alkaloids from the leaves by chewing was very effective with only 9.1 +/- 4.2% remaining as a residue. Cathinone was eliminated from the central compartment with a mean half-life of 1.5 +/- 0.8 h. The half-life of cathine was 5.2 +/- 3.4 h. The metabolism of cathinone to norephedrine had a substantial influence on its plasma concentration profile. Psychophysical functions were essentially unaffected by the chewing of khat. CONCLUSIONS: The pharmacokinetics of khat alkaloids in humans explain why chewing is the preferred form of khat ingestion. Subjects absorbed a mean dose of 45 mg of cathinone, and did not suffer any severe adverse reactions.  (+info)

Khat (Catha edulis)-induced apoptosis is inhibited by antagonists of caspase-1 and -8 in human leukaemia cells. (2/40)

Khat chewing is a widespread habit that has a deep-rooted sociocultural tradition in Africa and the Middle East. The biological effects of khat are inadequately investigated and controversial. For the first time, we show that an organic extract of khat induces a selective type of cell death having all morphological and biochemical features of apoptotic cell death. Khat extract was shown to contain the major alkaloid compounds cathinone and cathine. The compounds alone and in combination also induced apoptosis. Khat-induced apoptosis occurred synchronously in various human cell lines (HL-60, NB4, Jurkat) within 8 h of exposure. It was partially reversed after removal of khat and the effect was dependent on de novo protein synthesis, as demonstrated by cotreatment with cycloheximide. The cell death was blocked by the pan-caspase inhibitor Z-VAD-fmk, and also by submicromolar concentrations of Z-YVAD-fmk and Z-IETD-fmk, inhibitors of caspase-1 and -8, respectively. The 50% inhibition constant (IC(50)) for khat (200 microg ml(-1))-induced apoptosis by Z-VAD-fmk, Z-YVAD-fmk and Z-IETD-fmk was 8 x 10(-7) M as compared to 2 x 10(-8) M and 8 x 10(-8) M, respectively. Western blot analysis showed a specific cleavage of procaspase-3 in apoptotic cells, which was inhibited by Z-VAD-fmk. The cell death by khat was more sensitively induced in leukaemia cell lines than in human peripheral blood leukocytes. It is concluded that khat induces a rather swift and sensitive cell death by apoptosis through mechanisms involving activation of caspase-1, -3 and -8.  (+info)

Khat habit and its health effect. A natural amphetamine. (3/40)

Chewing the leaves of the khat shrub is common in certain countries of East Africa and Arabian Peninsula mainly Yemen. It has been established that a khat plant leaves contain an active psycho-stimulant substance known as cathinone that is similar in structure and pharmacological activity to amphetamine in affecting the CNS. Intoxication with khat is self-limiting but chronic consumption can cause certain health disturbances in the user and also lead to social and economic damage to the individual and the community. In recent years, several cases of intoxication have been observed outside the area of its use. In this view, the khat habit, its health effects and socioeconomic aspects are described with the political issue they imply.  (+info)

Khat use as risk factor for psychotic disorders: a cross-sectional and case-control study in Somalia. (4/40)

BACKGROUND: Little is known about the prevalence of khat-induced psychotic disorders in East African countries, where the chewing of khat leaves is common. Its main psycho-active component cathinone produces effects similar to those of amphetamine. We aimed to explore the prevalence of psychotic disorders among the general population and the association between khat use and psychotic symptoms. METHODS: In an epidemiological household assessment in the city of Hargeisa, North-West Somalia, trained local interviewers screened 4,854 randomly selected persons from among the general population for disability due to severe mental problems. The identified cases were interviewed based on a structured interview and compared to healthy matched controls. Psychotic symptoms were assessed using the items of the WHO Composite International Diagnostic Interview and quantified with the Positive and Negative Symptoms Scale. Statistical testing included Student's t-test and ANOVA. RESULTS: Local interviewers found that rates of severe disability due to mental disorders were 8.4% among males (above the age of 12) and differed according to war experiences (no war experience: 3.2%; civilian war survivors: 8.0%; ex-combatants: 15.9%). The clinical interview verified that in 83% of positive screening cases psychotic symptoms were the most prominent manifestations of psychiatric illness. On average, cases with psychotic symptoms had started to use khat earlier in life than matched controls and had been using khat 8.6 years before positive symptoms emerged. In most cases with psychotic symptoms, a pattern of binge use (> two 'bundles' per day) preceded the onset of psychotic symptoms, in contrast to controls of the same age. We found significant correlations between variables of khat consumption and clinical scales (0.35 to 0.50; p < 0.05), and between the age of onset of khat chewing and symptom onset (0.70; p <0.001). CONCLUSION: Evidence indicates a relationship between the consumption of khat and the onset of psychotic symptoms among the male population, whereby not the khat intake per se but rather early onset and excessive khat chewing seemed to be related to psychotic symptoms. The khat problem must be addressed by means other than prohibition, given the widespread use and its role in Somali culture.  (+info)

Khat chewing is a risk factor for acute myocardial infarction: a case-control study. (5/40)

AIM: Khat chewing is a common habit in Yemen and east African countries. Millions of people chew khat leaves daily for its euphoric and energetic effects and to increase alertness. Cathinone, the main active substance in fresh khat leaves, has sympathomimetic effects which increase heart rate and blood pressure. The aim was to examine the hypothesis that khat chewing is a risk factor for acute myocardial infarction (AMI) using a hospital-based matched case-control study. METHOD: Between 1997 and 1999, we selected 100 patients admitted to the Al-Thawra teaching hospital Sana'a ICU, Yemen with acute myocardial infarction. 100 control subjects, matched to cases for sex and age, were recruited from the outpatients clinics of the same hospital. A questionnaire was completed for case and control groups covering personal history of khat chewing, smoking, hypertension, diabetes and any family history of myocardial infarction. A blood sample was collected for performing lipid profiles. Cases and controls were compared by analysis conducted using conditional logistic regression which corrected for baseline imbalances leading to less biased estimations of odds ratio (OR). The risk associated with each classical factor and khat chewing habits was then investigated. OR values greater than 2.5 indicated a significant risk factor. RESULTS: Khat chewing was significantly higher among the AMI case group than control group (OR = 5.0, 95% CI 1.9-13.1). A dose-response relationship was observed, the heavy khat chewers having a 39-fold increased risk of AMI. CONCLUSION: This study indicates that khat chewing is associated with AMI and is an independent dose-related risk factor for the development of myocardial infarction.  (+info)

Khat and alcohol use and risky sex behaviour among in-school and out-of-school youth in Ethiopia. (6/40)

BACKGROUND: Khat (an evergreen plant with amphetamine-like properties) and alcohol are widely consumed among the youth of Ethiopia. However, their relationship to risky sexual behaviour is not well described. This study was conducted to describe the magnitude of risky sexual behaviour (unprotected sex and early initiation of sexual activity) and its association with Khat and alcohol consumption in Ethiopian youths. METHODS: A probabilistic national sample of 20,434 in-school and out-of-school youths aged between 15 and 24 years of age was selected and interviewed regarding their sexual behavior and substance use. RESULTS: Over 20% of out-of-school youth had unprotected sex during the 12-month period prior to interview compared to 1.4% of in-school youth. Daily Khat intake was also associated with unprotected sex: adjusted OR (95% CI) = 2.26 (1.92, 2.67). There was a significant and linear association between alcohol intake and unprotected sex, with those using alcohol daily having a three fold increased odds compared to those not using it: adj. OR (95% CI) = 3.05 (2.38, 3.91). Use of substances other than Khat was not associated with unprotected sex, but was associated with initiation of sexual activity: adj. OR (95% CI) = 2.54 (1.84, 3.51). CONCLUSION: A substantial proportion of out-of-school youth engage in risky sex. The use of Khat and alcohol and other substances is significantly and independently associated with risky sexual behaviour among Ethiopian youths.  (+info)

Qat habit in Yemen society: a causative factor for oral periodontal diseases. (7/40)

The effect of a common habit among Yemeni population on the periodontal status was investigated. This cross-sectional study was done on 2500 Yemenis with mean age 27.01 years (1818 males and 682 females). Among these 1528 were qat chewers and 972 were non-chewers. Detailed questionnaire and pre-designed scoring system for the periodontal status were employed for each case. Study results indicated that out of 972 non-chewers 116(12%) had periodontal pocketing and 18 (1.9%) cases had gingival recession. On the other hand, out of 1528 chewers, 468 (31.8%) had periodontal pockets and 98 (6.4%) with gum bleeding, p<0.05. These effects were found to increase with increased frequency and duration of chewing. It was concluded that habit of qat can cause damage to the periodontal ligament as pocketing and gum recession.  (+info)

The consumption of khat and other drugs in Somali combatants: a cross-sectional study. (8/40)

BACKGROUND: For more than a decade, most parts of Somalia have not been under the control of any type of government. This "failure of state" is complete in the central and southern regions and most apparent in Mogadishu, which had been for a long period in the hands of warlords deploying their private militias in a battle for resources. In contrast, the northern part of Somalia has had relatively stable control under regional administrations, which are, however, not internationally recognized. The present study provides information about drug abuse among active security personnel and militia with an emphasis on regional differences in relation to the lack of central governmental control-to our knowledge the first account on this topic. METHODS AND FINDINGS: Trained local interviewers conducted a total of 8,723 interviews of armed personnel in seven convenience samples in different regions of Somalia; 587 (6.3%) respondents discontinued the interview and 12 (0.001%) were excluded for other reasons. We assessed basic sociodemographic information, self-reported khat use, and how respondents perceived the use of khat, cannabis (which includes both hashish and marijuana), psychoactive tablets (e.g., benzodiazepines), alcohol, solvents, and hemp seeds in their units. The cautious interpretation of our data suggest that sociodemographic characteristics and drug use among military personnel differ substantially between northern and southern/central Somalia. In total, 36.4% (99% confidence interval [CI] 19.3%-57.7%) of respondents reported khat use in the week before the interview, whereas in some regions of southern/central Somalia khat use, especially excessive use, was reported more frequently. Self-reported khat use differed substantially from the perceived use in units. According to the perception of respondents, the most frequent form of drug use is khat chewing (on average, 70.1% in previous week, 99% CI 63.6%-76.5%), followed by smoking cannabis (10.7%, 99% CI 0%-30.4%), ingesting psychoactive tablets (8.5%, 99% CI 0%-24.4%), drinking alcohol (5.3%, 99% CI 0%-13.8%), inhaling solvents (1.8%, 99% CI 0%-5.1%), and eating hemp seeds (0.6%, 99% CI 0%-2.0%). Perceived use of khat differs little between northern and southern Somalia, but perceived use of other drugs reaches alarmingly high levels in some regions of the south, especially related to smoking cannabis and using psychoactive tablets. CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggest that drug use has quantitatively and qualitatively changed over the course of conflicts in southern Somalia, as current patterns are in contrast to traditional use. Although future studies using random sampling methods need to confirm our results, we hypothesize that drug-related problems of armed staff and other vulnerable groups in southern Somalia has reached proportions formerly unknown to the country, especially as we believe that any biases in our data would lead to an underestimation of actual drug use. We recommend that future disarmament, demobilization, and reintegration (DDR) programs need to be prepared to deal with significant drug-related problems in Somalia.  (+info)

'Catha' is a plant species also known as Khat, Kat, or Qat. It contains psychoactive compounds that can cause stimulant-like effects when chewed, brewed into tea, or taken in other forms. The main active compound in Catha is cathinone, which is similar in structure and effects to amphetamines.

The use of Catha can produce feelings of euphoria, increased alertness, and talkativeness, but it can also cause side effects such as increased heart rate, blood pressure, and anxiety. Long-term use of Catha has been associated with a number of health problems, including tooth decay, gastrointestinal issues, and mental health disorders.

It's worth noting that the legal status of Catha varies by country and region. In some places, it is legal and widely used, while in others, it is considered a controlled substance and its use is restricted or prohibited.

Cathepsin A is a lysosomal protein that belongs to the peptidase family. It plays a role in various biological processes, including protein degradation and activation, cell signaling, and inflammation. Cathepsin A has both endopeptidase and exopeptidase activities, which allow it to cleave and process a wide range of substrates.

In addition to its enzymatic functions, cathepsin A also plays a structural role in the formation and stability of the protective protein complex called the "serglycin-cathepsin A proteoglycan complex." This complex protects certain proteases from degradation and helps regulate their activity within the lysosome.

Deficiencies or mutations in cathepsin A have been linked to several diseases, including a rare genetic disorder called galactosialidosis, which is characterized by developmental delays, coarse facial features, and progressive neurological deterioration.

... may refer to: Catha (plant), a plant genus Catha (mythology), an Etruscan goddess Katha (disambiguation) This ... disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Catha. If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change ...
Catha abbottii (A.E.van Wyk & M.Prins) Catha edulis (Vahl) Forssk. ex Endl., most commonly known as khat Catha transvaalensis ( ... "Celastraceae - Catha (G.Don)". International Plant Names Index. Retrieved 6 May 2014. "Celastraceae - Catha abbottii A.E.van ... "Celastraceae - Catha transvaalensis Codd". International Plant Names Index. Retrieved 7 May 2014. Media related to Catha at ... Catha is a genus of plants of the family Celastraceae. It was described by Scottish botanist George Don in 1832. Three species ...
... is an anarcho-punk album, by the band Oi Polloi. It was released in 1999 on Skuld Records. Fuaim Catha means 'Sound ...
This suggests that Catha was a cult deity. On some inscriptions, Catha is simply referred to as "daughter", and in Martianus ... Catha (Etruscan: 𐌀𐌈𐌀𐌂, romanized: Catha, also written 𐌈𐌀𐌂, Cath, 𐌀𐌈𐌖𐌀𐌂, Cautha, or 𐌀𐌈𐌅𐌀𐌊, Kavtha) is a female Etruscan lunar or ... Giovanni Colonna has suggested that Catha is linked to the Greek Persephone since he links Catha's consort, Śuri, to Dis Pater ... however Solis Filia does not have the underworld connection that Catha does. Catha's underworld connections can be best seen on ...
"Growing Catha edulis". Plot55. Archived from the original on 26 August 2013. Retrieved 26 January 2014. "Catha edulis". ... In South Africa, Catha edulis is a protected tree. The use of khat is illegal. Miraa is legal in Uganda but efforts are ... The genus name Catha is a Latinization of the Arabic name قات, which is regularly romanized as qāt. Other romanizations include ... Botanists, taking the native name for the plant, turn it into Catha edulis, eatable kat. It is much used by the Arabs, to whom ...
Linh, Cat; Ha, Viet; Finney, Richard (12 August 2018). "Hoa Hao Follower Released From Prison in Vietnam After Sentence Ends". ...
archive.org (1973). Rosc Catha. Vol. 1, July/Aug 1973. England: Clann na hÉireann. p. 4. Sinn Féin, Dún Laoghaire branch (9 ...
Paquette, Catha (2017). At the Crossroads: Diego Rivera and his Patrons at MoMA, Rockefeller Center, and the Palace of Fine ...
Catha edulis (Vahl.) Forsk. ex Endl. Catha transvaalensis Codd Pterocelastrus echinatus N.E. Br. Pterocelastrus rostratus ( ...
Eunice L. Catha; Morma Lambert (December 1980). "National Register of Historic Places Inventory/Nomination: Green Shutters". ...
Catha; Menachem Elimelech; Jeffrey R. McCutcheon and others, Standard Methodology for Evaluating Membrane Performance in ...
ISBN 978-0-06-123722-5. Paquette, Catha (2017). At the Crossroads: Diego Rivera and his Patrons at MoMA, Rockefeller Center, ...
Paquette, Catha (2017). At the Crossroads: Diego Rivera and his Patrons at MoMA, Rockefeller Center, and the Palace of Fine ...
Paquette, Catha (2017). At the Crossroads: Diego Rivera and his Patrons at MoMA, Rockefeller Center, and the Palace of Fine ...
ISBN 978-1-19985-910-5. Paquette, Catha (2017). At the Crossroads: Diego Rivera and his Patrons at MoMA, Rockefeller Center, ...
Paquette, Catha (2017). At the Crossroads: Diego Rivera and his Patrons at MoMA, Rockefeller Center, and the Palace of Fine ...
"Boari l'architetto della cultura". puntodincontro.mx (in Italian). Paquette, Catha (2017). At the Crossroads: Diego Rivera and ...
Catha edulis (Vahl) Forssk. ex Endl. [Internet] Fiche de PROTA4U. Oyen, L.P.A. & Lemmens, R.H.M.J. (Editeurs). PROTA (Plant ... They have also been recorded on Catha edulis (Celastraceae). Life history "GlobIZ search". Global Information System on ...
Ragnaill catha Briain m. Murchada m. Domnaill m. Taidg m. Muircertaigh muirnigh m. Ainlidh o fuilet I Ainlidhe m. Uthaile m. ... m Raghnaill catha briain m Murchada m Domnaill m Taidhg m Muircertaigh muirnigh m Ainlighe (o raiter muinter Ainlighe) m ...
... and badb-catha as "Fionog, a royston-crow, a squall crow". Other entries relate to her triple nature: "Macha, i. e. a royston- ... crow; Morrighain, i. e. the great fairy; Neamhan, i. e. Badb catha nó feannóg; a badb catha, or royston-crow." Boa Island ... and is thus sometimes known as Badb Catha ("battle crow"). She is known to cause fear and confusion among soldiers to move the ...
Catha edulis (Vahl) Forssk. ex Endl. [Internet] Fiche de PROTA4U. Oyen, L.P.A. & Lemmens, R.H.M.J. (Editeurs). PROTA (Plant ... In Ethiopia the larvae of this species has been recorded as feeding on leaves of Catha edulis (Celastraceae). Aphilopota ...
He had two female partners: his Etruscan consort Catha (or Cavatha), goddess of Moon and Underworld; and his Faliscan sister-in ... Moore, Daniel (2018). "The Etruscan Goddess Catha". Etruscan Studies. 21 (1-2): 58-77. doi:10.1515/etst-2017-0030. S2CID ... Catha, an Etruscan Lunar Goddess?". American Journal of Archaeology. 112 (3): 419-428. doi:10.3764/aja.112.3.419. S2CID ... Roman god of the underworldPages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets Catha (mythology) - Etruscan goddess Feronia ...
Catha, Badhbh (12 May 2014). "Noel Crompton/Maddison Hall (Australia)". Archived from the original on 11 August 2017. Retrieved ...
"Fotha Catha Cnucha inso" , tr. "The Cause of the Battle of Cnucha here"). archived via Internet Archive. Dooley & Roe (1999), ... Fotha Catha Cnucha, Hennessy (1875), p. 92, note 7: "Almu. hill of Allen, near Newbridge in the country of Kildare". Windisch, ... 1875), Fotha Catha Cnucha in so, 2, pp. 86-93, Wórterbuch, p. 127: "Cenandos", now Kells. Rolleston, T. W. (1911). "Chapter VI ... Fotha Catha Cnucha, Hennessy (1875), pp. 91-92 and verse. Acallamh na Sénorach, O'Grady (1892b) tr. p. 142; Dooley & Roe (1999 ...
"Rosc Catha na nÓglach", T. F. O'Rahilly's translation, was used by Conradh na Gaeilge in the early 1920s; in 1924, Padraig de ... Fahey 2017 O'Rahilly, T. F. "Irish translation of "The soldiers' song.": Rosc catha na nÓglaoc [sic]". Samuels Collection of ...
indigenous Catha edulis (Vahl) Forssk. ex Endl. indigenous Catha transvaalensis Codd, accepted as Lydenburgia cassinoides N. ... present Genus Catha: Catha abbottii A.E.van Wyk & M.Prins, accepted as Lydenburgia abbottii (A.E.van Wyk & M.Prins) Steenkamp, ... A.E.van Wyk & M.Prins, present Catha campestris (Eckl. & Zeyh.) C.Presl, accepted as Putterlickia pyracantha (L.) Szyszyl. ...
"Fotha Catha Cnucha inso" , tr. "The Cause of the Battle of Cnucha here"). archived via Internet Archive Windisch, Ernst, ed. ( ... In-laws In Fotha Catha Chnucha Cumhall's wife was the granddaughter to Nuadat who was a druid to king Cathair Mór, but she was ... Hennessy (1875), Fotha Catha Chnucha, pp. 88-89 and notes. Dooley & Roe (1999), p. 184. Windisch (1879), p. 142: mun-caim 'die ... According to the Fotha Catha Chnucha, Cumhall mac Trénmhoir was son of a petty king, and served the High King Conn Cet-Chathach ...
Her housemates call her 'Catha'. She hasn't had a special friendship with anyone. Sometimes she has been giving good advice to ...
Of the battle tales (Irish: catha; sing. cath), the full narratives of the First and Second Battle of Moytura (Battles of Mag ...
Al Zarouni, Yousif (2015). The Effects of Khat (Catha Edulis) (First ed.). London: Yousif Al Zarouni. p. 5. ISBN 978-1-326- ... Al Zarouni, Yousif (2015). The Effects of Khat (Catha Edulis). London: Yousif Al Zarouni. Descriptions of psychoactive Cacti. ...
Catha may refer to: Catha (plant), a plant genus Catha (mythology), an Etruscan goddess Katha (disambiguation) This ... disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Catha. If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change ...
... Weve got eleven new Badb Catha photographs from Paul Watson which have ...
Photography Wedding Documentation collaboration @kaltivajournery
Calibra Cat HA Adult Chicken 12 kg Akci s r. Calibra Cat HA Adult Chicken 12 kg.. A Calibra hypoallerg n vonalat a kuty k s ...
Catha Grace Rambusch collection of papers on architecture, 1921-1975. Rambusch, Catha Grace ... Catha Grace Rambusch collection of papers on architecture, 1921-1975. Archives of American Art, Smithsonian Institution. ... Also included is a brief note from Rosamond Gilder, daughter of Richard Watson Gilder, to Catha Grace Rambusch, August 29, 1975 ... Collected by Catha Grace Rambusch in preparation for a book (never published). ...
Effects Of ,i,Catha edulis,/i, Leaf Extract on Blood Chemistry and Kidney Tissues in Small East African Male Goats from Rift ... The findings are a pointer to the fact that Catha edulis use may predispose the users to renal disorders and subsequent ... However serum nitrogenous metabolites levels increased significantly in Catha edulis treated animals (urea; 6.5 v/s 5.2 mmol/L ... Objectives: To determine the serum electrolytes levels in animals treated with Catha edulis leaf extract.. Design: Experimental ...
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English Translation for [Catha] - dict.cc German-English Dictionary
Wanda Catha Randall, 63, widow of Glenville Randall, passed away on Monday, December 5, 2022. Guestbook at www. ... Wanda Catha Randall, 63. Published 11:45 am Thursday, December 8, 2022 ...
the most incredible thing regarding catha, is that they can form underground shoots, to form a new plant, wher they think its ...
"Scéal - Coiriú Catha" Note: We will soon deprecate our XML Application Programming Interface and a new, comprehensive JSON API ...
Calibra Cat HA Senior and Light Turkey 2 kgAcasăPisiciHranaHrana uscata pentru pisici ... Calibra Cat HA Senior and Light Turkey 2 kg. Royal Canin Feline Health Nutrition Sensible33 10 kg ... Be the first to review "Calibra Cat HA Senior and Light Turkey 2 kg" Anulează răspunsul. Adresa ta de email nu va fi publicată. ...
Buy the new Catha Classic Flower Earring with Classic Drop I and other Earrings + Drop by Regina Castillo. From $11,549.00 with ... Catha Classic Flower Earring with Classic Drop I SKU: AR-1018-2 DR-578-46 ...
PRODUCT DETAILS: High-quality plywood, wood thickness measures 0.5cm. It is bright and vivid colors, lifelike graphics with high precision UV printing.Shapes: Round Sign: 8/12/14/18.Unique Features: One side printing. The front side is printed and the backside is blank. Each hanging sign comes with a thick Beige C
Catha and the other instructors are amazing! My daughter enjoys going to their school and has learned so much over the last ... Cathas taekwondo is a very good place because it has lots of friendly people and is always welcoming to everyone. 😁 ... Catha. They were engaging and encouraging, offering many practical suggestions and exercises on the subject of self defense, a ... By opting into the web form above you are providing consent for Cathas TaeKwondo America to send you periodic text messages. ...
Cathas Callous Conflict. 0/4. Complete any four of the following Wildwood encounters in level 78 or higher areas. *Defeat The ...
And the cat...ha ha. Pointy Pink Ears Club?. 0 comments leave a comment ...
Catha edulis. (10 Korn). immergrüner Strauch oder kleiner Baum bis zu 5 m, selten bis 20 m mit wechselständig angeordneten, ...
Prevalence and Determinants of Khat (Catha edulis) Chewing among High School Students in Eastern Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional ... Prevalence and Determinants of Khat (Catha edulis) Chewing among High School Students in Eastern Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional ...
Tiesību akti un to izmaiņas: visi jaunumi un arhīvs. Sistematizēti tiesību akti. Plašas meklēšanas un personalizētās iespējas. Vietni uztur „Latvijas Vēstnesis"
Introduction to the special issue: The changing use and misuse of khat (Catha edulis) - Tradition, trade and tragedy ... Catha edulis) - Tradition, trade and tragedy. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 132 (3). 537 -539. ISSN 0378-8741. (doi:10.1016/j. ...
David A. Cegla; grandchildren, Darlene, Amanda, Clint, Beth, Joe, Amber & Catha; 4 great-grandchildren; sisters, Melody, Donna ... David A. Cegla; grandchildren, Darlene, Amanda, Clint, Beth, Joe, Amber & Catha; 4 great-grandchildren; sisters, Melody, Donna ...
My cat ha... gracie 19 years ago 1,314 * Re: #28514 19 years ago 1,149 ...
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Nov 15, 2023 , by Catha Mayor. Dartmouth Engineering researcher Yihuang Xiong is lead author on a study recently published in ...
132) Catha and Frederic (Germany) - 3 days 133) Trang and Tom (Vietnam) - 4 days 134) Neele and Fabian (Germany) - 4 days 135) ...
  • To determine the serum electrolytes levels in animals treated with Catha edulis leaf extract. (ajol.info)
  • Plasma electrolytes (Na+, K+, Ca2+ and Cl-), urea, creatine and glucose levels were investigated in eight control and fourteen experimental small East African male goats before and after treatment with Catha edulis leaf extracts. (ajol.info)
  • 0.001 Plasma glucose levels also declined from 4.0-4.1mmol/L to 3.3-3.5mmol/L following the Catha edulis leaf extract treatment. (ajol.info)
  • 69.9 v/s 55.4 mmol/L). Histological examination of renal tissue of Catha edulis treated animals revealed degenerative changes and hypercellularity in the glomeruli as well as interstitial inflammatory cell infiltration. (ajol.info)
  • The present study showed that Catha edulis treatment was associated with electrolyte imbalance which may have been as a result of degenerative changes in the renal system. (ajol.info)
  • The findings are a pointer to the fact that Catha edulis use may predispose the users to renal disorders and subsequent electrolyte imbalance. (ajol.info)
  • Khat ( Catha edulis Forsk) is the only known organically derived amphetamine. (medscape.com)
  • Cathinone is a naturally occurring beta-ketone amphetamine analogue found in the leaves of the Catha edulis plant. (erowid.org)
  • ENGIDAWORK, E. The neuropsychopharmacological effects of catha edulis in mice offspring born to mothers exposed during pregnancy and lactation. (bvsalud.org)
  • like stimulants derived from the plant Catha edulis (khat). (msdmanuals.com)
  • Cathinones are found in the leaves and stems of Catha edulis (khat), a plant native to East Africa and the Arabian Peninsula. (medscape.com)
  • RÉSUMÉ La présente étude avait pour objectif d'évaluer la prévalence et les déterminants de la consommation de khat, d'étudier ses conséquences sociales, économiques et dans le milieu du travail, et d'examiner sa relation avec les accidents de la circulation parmi les chauffeurs professionnels de la région de Jazan, en Arabie saoudite. (who.int)
  • En conclusion, l'habitude de consommation de khat affectait près de la moitié des chauffeurs professionnels de la région de Jazan. (who.int)
  • En outre, la consommation de khat a été associée à une détérioration de l'aptitude au travail et de la productivité, à des conflits familiaux, et à des infractions du code de la route. (who.int)
  • Also included is a brief note from Rosamond Gilder, daughter of Richard Watson Gilder, to Catha Grace Rambusch, August 29, 1975, commenting on Gilbert's letter. (si.edu)
  • Collected by Catha Grace Rambusch in preparation for a book (never published). (si.edu)
  • Catha may refer to: Catha (plant), a plant genus Catha (mythology), an Etruscan goddess Katha (disambiguation) This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Catha. (wikipedia.org)
  • I recently attended a free, women's self defense class hosted by Mr. and Mrs. Catha. (cathastaekwondo.com)