Celastrus
Local Lymph Node Assay
Drugs, Chinese Herbal
Sesquiterpene esters from the fruits of Celastrus orbiculatus. (1/9)
Three new beta-dihydroagarofuran sesquiterpene esters, 6 alpha-acetoxy-9 beta-benzoyloxy-1 beta-cinnamoyloxy-8 beta-butanoyloxy-beta-dihydroagarofuran (1), 6 alpha-acetoxy-9 beta-benzoyloxy-1 beta-cinnamoyloxy-8 beta-(2-methylbutanoyloxy)-beta-dihydroagarofuran (2), and 6 alpha-acetoxy-1 beta,8 beta-dibenzoyloxy-9 beta-hydroxy-beta-dihydroagarofuran (6), together with three known compounds (3-5) were isolated from the fruits of Celastrus orbiculatus THUNB. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic methods. Compound 4 showed moderate activity in inhibiting LPS-induced nitric oxide production in murine macrophage RAW264.7 cells with an IC(50) value of 43.7 microM. (+info)Celastrus aculeatus Merr. suppresses the induction and progression of autoimmune arthritis by modulating immune response to heat-shock protein 65. (2/9)
Complementary and alternative medicine products are increasingly being used for the treatment of autoimmune diseases. However, the mechanisms of action of these agents are not fully defined. Using the rat adjuvant arthritis (AA) model of human rheumatoid arthritis, we determined whether the ethanol extract of Celastrus aculeatus Merr. (Celastrus), a Chinese herb, can down-modulate the severity of AA, and also examined the Celastrus-induced changes in immune responses to the disease-related antigen mycobacterial heat-shock protein 65 (Bhsp65). AA was induced in the Lewis (LEW; RT.1l) rat by immunization subcutaneously with heat-killed M. tuberculosis H37Ra (Mtb). Celastrus was fed to LEW rats by gavage daily, beginning either before Mtb challenge (preventive regimen) or after the onset of AA (therapeutic regimen). An additional group of rats was given methotrexate for comparison. All rats were graded regularly for the signs of arthritis. In parallel, the draining lymph node cells of Celastrus-treated rats were tested for proliferative and cytokine responses, whereas their sera were tested for the inflammatory mediator nitric oxide. Celastrus feeding suppressed both the induction as well as the progression of AA, and the latter effect was comparable to that of methotrexate. Celastrus treatment induced relative deviation of the cytokine response to anti-inflammatory type and enhanced the production of anti-Bhsp65 antibodies, which are known to be protective against AA. Celastrus feeding also reduced the levels of nitric oxide. On the basis of our results, we suggest further systematic exploration of Celastrus as an adjunct therapeutic modality for rheumatoid arthritis. (+info)A new insecticidal sesquiterpene ester from Celastrus angulatus. (3/9)
(+info)Celastrus-derived celastrol suppresses autoimmune arthritis by modulating antigen-induced cellular and humoral effector responses. (4/9)
(+info)Celastrus and its bioactive celastrol protect against bone damage in autoimmune arthritis by modulating osteoimmune cross-talk. (5/9)
(+info)Microarray-based gene expression profiling reveals the mediators and pathways involved in the anti-arthritic activity of Celastrus-derived Celastrol. (6/9)
(+info)Celastrus treatment modulates antigen-induced gene expression in lymphoid cells of arthritic rats. (7/9)
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a debilitating autoimmune disease of global prevalence and the disease process primarily targets the synovial joints. Despite improvements in the treatment of RA over the past decade, there still is a need for new therapeutic agents that are efficacious, less expensive, and free of severe adverse reactions. Celastrus has been used in China for centuries for the treatment of rheumatic diseases. Furthermore, we previously reported that ethanol extract of Celastrus aculeatus Merr. (Celastrus) attenuates adjuvant-induced arthritis (AA) in rats. However, the mechanisms underlying the anti-arthritic activity of Celastrus have not yet been fully defined. We reasoned that microarray analysis might offer useful insights into the pathways and molecules targeted by Celastrus. We compared the gene expression profiles of the draining lymph node cells (LNC) of Celastrus-treated (Tc) versus water-treated (Tw) rats, and each group with untreated arthritic rats (T(0)). LNC were restimulated with mycobacterial heat shock protein-65 (Bhsp65). We identified 104 differentially expressed genes (DEG) (8 upregulated, 96 downregulated) when comparing Tc with T(0) rats, in contrast to 28 (12 upregulated, 16 downregulated) when comparing Tw and T(0) rats. Further, 20 genes (6 upregulated, 14 downregulated) were shared by both Tw and Tc groups. Thus, Celastrus treatment (Tc) significantly downregulated a large proportion of genes compared to controls (Tw). The DEG were mainly associated with the processes of immune response, cell proliferation and apoptosis, and cell signaling. These results provide novel insights into the mechanism of Celastrus anti-arthritic activity, and unravel potential therapeutic targets for arthritis. (+info)Suppression of autoimmune arthritis by Celastrus-derived Celastrol through modulation of pro-inflammatory chemokines. (8/9)
(+info)'Celastrus' is a genus name that refers to a group of plants commonly known as bittersweets. These plants belong to the Celastraceae family and include around 40 species, some of which have traditional medicinal uses. One of the most well-known species is Celastrus paniculatus, also referred to as the intellect tree or Malkanguni. Its seeds are used in Ayurvedic medicine for memory enhancement and cognitive improvement. However, it's important to note that the scientific evidence supporting these claims is limited, and further research is required to establish their effectiveness and safety.
A Local Lymph Node Assay (LLNA) is a scientific test used to determine the skin-sensitizing potential of chemical substances. It is a standardized method developed by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). The assay measures the ability of a test substance to induce a immune response in the lymph nodes draining the site of application, which indicates that the substance has the potential to cause allergic contact dermatitis.
In this test, the chemical is applied to the skin of mice for three consecutive days, and then the lymph nodes are removed and assessed for immune cell activation. The amount of immune cells (lymphocytes) proliferation in response to the chemical is measured and compared to a control group. A substance is considered a skin sensitizer if it induces a three-fold or greater increase in lymph node cell proliferation compared to the control group.
The LLNA is considered to be a more accurate and reliable method for determining the skin-sensitizing potential of chemicals than previous methods, such as guinea pig maximization tests and Buehler tests, which were found to have high rates of false positive and false negative results. The LLNA has been widely adopted by regulatory agencies and industry as a standard test for assessing the safety of chemical substances.
Chinese herbal drugs, also known as traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), refer to a system of medicine that has been practiced in China for thousands of years. It is based on the belief that the body's vital energy, called Qi, must be balanced and flowing freely for good health. TCM uses various techniques such as herbal therapy, acupuncture, dietary therapy, and exercise to restore balance and promote healing.
Chinese herbal drugs are usually prescribed in the form of teas, powders, pills, or tinctures and may contain one or a combination of herbs. The herbs used in Chinese medicine are typically derived from plants, minerals, or animal products. Some commonly used Chinese herbs include ginseng, astragalus, licorice root, and cinnamon bark.
It is important to note that the use of Chinese herbal drugs should be under the guidance of a qualified practitioner, as some herbs can interact with prescription medications or have side effects. Additionally, the quality and safety of Chinese herbal products can vary widely depending on the source and manufacturing process.
I'm happy to help! "Rats, Inbred Lew" is a specific strain of laboratory rats that have been inbred for research purposes. The "Lew" part of the name refers to the location where they were first developed, the Lewis Institute in Lake Bluff, Illinois, USA.
Inbreeding is a process of mating closely related individuals over many generations to create a genetically homogeneous population. This results in a high degree of genetic similarity among members of the strain, making them ideal for use as experimental models because any differences observed between individuals are more likely to be due to the experimental manipulation rather than genetic variation.
Inbred Lew rats have been widely used in biomedical research, particularly in studies related to hypertension and cardiovascular disease. They exhibit a number of unique characteristics that make them useful for these types of studies, including their susceptibility to developing high blood pressure when fed a high-salt diet or given certain drugs.
It's important to note that while inbred strains like Lew rats can be very useful tools for researchers, they are not perfect models for human disease. Because they have been bred in a controlled environment and selected for specific traits, they may not respond to experimental manipulations in the same way that humans or other animals would. Therefore, it's important to interpret findings from these studies with caution and consider multiple lines of evidence before drawing any firm conclusions.
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Scandens7
- Celastrus rugosus Rehder & E.H.Wilson Celastrus scandens L. - American bittersweet Celastrus stephanotiifolius (Makino) Makino Celastrus stylosus Wall. (wikipedia.org)
- Celastrus scandens L. (theplantlist.org)
- The photographer's identification Celastrus scandens has not been reviewed. (berkeley.edu)
- This species might be confused with the native climbing bittersweet ( Celastrus scandens ), but the native species has leaves that taper to a point at the tip. (ncsu.edu)
- The berries appear all along the stems, which differentiates it from the American bittersweet ( Celastrus scandens ), that is native to North America and has orange berries in clusters at the stem tips. (torontomastergardeners.ca)
- First you need to determine whether you are, in fact, dealing with our native Celastrus scandens (American bittersweet) or the invasive Oriental bittersweet which is rapidly overtaking and eliminating the native version in the wild. (wildflower.org)
- Celastrus scandens (American bittersweet) is deciduous with yellow fall foliage and with scarlet fruit. (wildflower.org)
Bittersweet3
- Oriental bittersweet Celastrus panamensis Lundell Celastrus paniculatus Willd. (wikipedia.org)
- Most Likely Confused with: Oriental bittersweet Celastrus orbiculatus , an invasive plant (3). (umich.edu)
- Oriental bittersweet ( Celastrus orbiculatus ) is a woody, creeping vine, which has round to oval-shaped leaves with serrated edges. (torontomastergardeners.ca)
Orbiculatus5
- L.M.Perry Celastrus oblanceifolius Chen H.Wang & P.C.Tsoong Celastrus obovatifolius X.Y.Mu & Z.X.Zhang Celastrus orbiculatus Thunb. (wikipedia.org)
- Celastrus orbiculatus [Thunb. (myspecies.info)
- Home » Species » Plantae » Magnoliophyta » Rosopsida » Celastrales » Celastraceae » Celastrus » Celastrus orbiculatus - Thunb. (myspecies.info)
- Photo: Celastrus orbiculatus 05. (henriettes-herb.com)
- Celastrus orbiculatus is a non-native invasive liana that was introduced to the United States in the 1860s and has spread rapidly throughout the Northeast. (lianaecologyproject.com)
Celastraceae2
- This name is the accepted name of a species in the genus Celastrus (family Celastraceae ). (theplantlist.org)
- Intellect tree, Celastrus paniculatus or Malkangini belongs to the Celastraceae family. (ethnoplants.com)
Paniculatus4
- Jyotishmati / Staff tree (Celastrus Paniculatus)- Ayurvedic Properties, Effects On Doshas & Dosage Description Ayurvedic medicine is a traditional system of medicine that is basically derived from India and then spread to other parts of the world. (planetayurveda.com)
- Celastrus Paniculatus has always been used as an elixir of life or to intensify memory like Ginkgo . (ethnoplants.com)
- Backed by a team of our skilled professionals, we are engaged in offering multi-purpose Celastrus Paniculatus .The offered seeds are precisely cleaned and processed by our adept professionals with the utilization of pioneering techniques. (kisalayaherbals.net)
- As per the specific demands of clients, we offer these Celastrus Paniculatus in various packaging options at reasonable prices. (kisalayaherbals.net)
Thunb1
- black oil plant, climbing staff tree, or intellect tree Celastrus pringlei Rose Celastrus punctatus Thunb. (wikipedia.org)
Vine1
- Australian staff vine Celastrus caseariifolius Lundell Celastrus cuneatus (Rehder & E.H.Wilson) C.Y.Cheng & T.C.Kao Celastrus flagellaris Rupr. (wikipedia.org)
Angulatus1
- Celastrus angulatus Maxim. (wikipedia.org)
Seeds1
- Traditionally in India, the seeds of Celastrus are crushed and cooked in boiling water for the making of a medicinal tea. (ethnoplants.com)
Deciduous1
- Celastrus dependens is a deciduous Climber. (pfaf.org)
Plants1
- Plants of the World Online includes: Celastrus aculeatus Merr. (wikipedia.org)
Hook2
- Celastrus subspicatus Hook. (wikipedia.org)
- Celastrus subspicata Hook. (qld.gov.au)
Wall1
- Celastrus dependens - Wall. (pfaf.org)
Similar1
- The paired plots were similar other than the presence or absence of Celastrus. (lianaecologyproject.com)
Intellect tree1
- black oil plant, climbing staff tree, or intellect tree Celastrus pringlei Rose Celastrus punctatus Thunb. (wikipedia.org)
Australis1
- Celastrus australis Harv. (wikipedia.org)
Aculeatus3
- Plants of the World Online includes: Celastrus aculeatus Merr. (wikipedia.org)
- Celastrus aculeatus Merr. (biomedcentral.com)
- Using the rat adjuvant arthritis (AA) model of human rheumatoid arthritis, we determined whether the ethanol extract of Celastrus aculeatus Merr. (biomedcentral.com)
Hypoleucus4
- Celastrus hirsutus H.F.Comber Celastrus homaliifolius P.S.Hsu Celastrus hookeri Prain Celastrus hypoleucoides P.L.Chiu Celastrus hypoleucus (Oliv. (wikipedia.org)
- Celastrus hypoleucus (Oliv. (theplantlist.org)
- Celastrus hypoleucus f. argutior Loes. (theplantlist.org)
- Celastrus hypoleucus f. genuinus Loes. (theplantlist.org)
Merr1
- Celastrus novoguineensis Merr. (wikipedia.org)
Willd1
- Traditionally, Celastrus paniculatus Willd. (nih.gov)
Loes5
- Celastrus franchetianus Loes. (wikipedia.org)
- Celastrus gemmatus Loes. (wikipedia.org)
- Celastrus kusanoi Hayata Celastrus lenticellatus Lundell Celastrus madagascariensis Loes. (wikipedia.org)
- Celastrus membranifolius Prain Celastrus microcarpus D.Don Celastrus monospermoides Loes. (wikipedia.org)
- Celastrus richii A.Gray Celastrus rosthornianus Loes. (wikipedia.org)
Anti-inflammatory3
- List item 1: Celastrus is believed to have anti-inflammatory properties, which can be beneficial for conditions such as arthritis and other joint pains. (lovetofeel.com)
- List item 4: Celastrus is also thought to be beneficial for skin health, as its anti-inflammatory properties can help reduce the appearance of wrinkles and other signs of aging. (lovetofeel.com)
- Celastrus treatment induced relative deviation of the cytokine response to anti-inflammatory type and enhanced the production of anti-Bhsp65 antibodies, which are known to be protective against AA. (biomedcentral.com)
Herb1
- Celastrus), a Chinese herb, can down-modulate the severity of AA, and also examined the Celastrus-induced changes in immune responses to the disease-related antigen mycobacterial heat-shock protein 65 (Bhsp65). (biomedcentral.com)
Centuries2
- Celastrus has been used in traditional medicine for centuries, with records of its use dating back to as far as the 11th century. (lovetofeel.com)
- The roots, stem, and leaves of Celastrus have been used in folk remedies in China for centuries to treat RA, osteoarthritis, lower back pain, and so on. (biomedcentral.com)
Staff2
- Australian staff vine Celastrus caseariifolius Lundell Celastrus cuneatus (Rehder & E.H.Wilson) C.Y.Cheng & T.C.Kao Celastrus flagellaris Rupr. (wikipedia.org)
- Jyotishmati / Staff tree (Celastrus Paniculatus)- Ayurvedic Properties, Effects On Doshas & Dosage Description Ayurvedic medicine is a traditional system of medicine that is basically derived from India and then spread to other parts of the world. (planetayurveda.com)
Native1
- Celastrus is native to tropical and subtropical regions of the world, though it can be grown in temperate climates as well. (lovetofeel.com)
Traditional medicine1
- Celastrus is mainly used in traditional medicine, as the berries and fruit it produces are believed to possess numerous health benefits. (lovetofeel.com)
Found1
- Where is Celastrus Found? (lovetofeel.com)
Good1
- In some cultures, Celastrus is believed to bring good luck and fortune. (lovetofeel.com)
Effect1
- Celastrus feeding suppressed both the induction as well as the progression of AA, and the latter effect was comparable to that of methotrexate. (biomedcentral.com)