Pathological processes or diseases where cerebral MICROVESSELS show abnormalities. They are often associated with aging, hypertension and risk factors for lacunar infarcts (see LACUNAR INFARCTION); LEUKOARAIOSIS; and CEREBRAL HEMORRHAGE.
Non-specific white matter changes in the BRAIN, often seen after age 65. Changes include loss of AXONS; MYELIN pallor, GLIOSIS, loss of ependymal cells, and enlarged perivascular spaces. Leukoaraiosis is a risk factor for DEMENTIA and CEREBROVASCULAR DISORDERS.
Tissue NECROSIS in any area of the brain, including the CEREBRAL HEMISPHERES, the CEREBELLUM, and the BRAIN STEM. Brain infarction is the result of a cascade of events initiated by inadequate blood flow through the brain that is followed by HYPOXIA and HYPOGLYCEMIA in brain tissue. Damage may be temporary, permanent, selective or pan-necrosis.
Stroke caused by lacunar infarction or other small vessel diseases of the brain. It features hemiparesis (see PARESIS), hemisensory, or hemisensory motor loss.
Any of various diseases affecting the white matter of the central nervous system.
An imprecise term referring to dementia associated with CEREBROVASCULAR DISORDERS, including CEREBRAL INFARCTION (single or multiple), and conditions associated with chronic BRAIN ISCHEMIA. Diffuse, cortical, and subcortical subtypes have been described. (From Gerontol Geriatr 1998 Feb;31(1):36-44)
A spectrum of pathological conditions of impaired blood flow in the brain. They can involve vessels (ARTERIES or VEINS) in the CEREBRUM, the CEREBELLUM, and the BRAIN STEM. Major categories include INTRACRANIAL ARTERIOVENOUS MALFORMATIONS; BRAIN ISCHEMIA; CEREBRAL HEMORRHAGE; and others.
Non-invasive method of demonstrating internal anatomy based on the principle that atomic nuclei in a strong magnetic field absorb pulses of radiofrequency energy and emit them as radiowaves which can be reconstructed into computerized images. The concept includes proton spin tomographic techniques.
The finer blood vessels of the vasculature that are generally less than 100 microns in internal diameter.
The part of CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM that is contained within the skull (CRANIUM). Arising from the NEURAL TUBE, the embryonic brain is comprised of three major parts including PROSENCEPHALON (the forebrain); MESENCEPHALON (the midbrain); and RHOMBENCEPHALON (the hindbrain). The developed brain consists of CEREBRUM; CEREBELLUM; and other structures in the BRAIN STEM.
A class of nerve fibers as defined by their structure, specifically the nerve sheath arrangement. The AXONS of the myelinated nerve fibers are completely encased in a MYELIN SHEATH. They are fibers of relatively large and varied diameters. Their NEURAL CONDUCTION rates are faster than those of the unmyelinated nerve fibers (NERVE FIBERS, UNMYELINATED). Myelinated nerve fibers are present in somatic and autonomic nerves.
A familial, cerebral arteriopathy mapped to chromosome 19q12, and characterized by the presence of granular deposits in small CEREBRAL ARTERIES producing ischemic STROKE; PSEUDOBULBAR PALSY; and multiple subcortical infarcts (CEREBRAL INFARCTION). CADASIL is an acronym for Cerebral Autosomal Dominant Arteriopathy with Subcortical Infarcts and Leukoencephalopathy. CADASIL differs from BINSWANGER DISEASE by the presence of MIGRAINE WITH AURA and usually by the lack of history of arterial HYPERTENSION. (From Bradley et al, Neurology in Clinical Practice, 2000, p1146)
The minute vessels that collect blood from the capillary plexuses and join together to form veins.
A group of pathological conditions characterized by sudden, non-convulsive loss of neurological function due to BRAIN ISCHEMIA or INTRACRANIAL HEMORRHAGES. Stroke is classified by the type of tissue NECROSIS, such as the anatomic location, vasculature involved, etiology, age of the affected individual, and hemorrhagic vs. non-hemorrhagic nature. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp777-810)
Disturbances in mental processes related to learning, thinking, reasoning, and judgment.
The circulation of blood through the BLOOD VESSELS of the BRAIN.
A technique of inputting two-dimensional images into a computer and then enhancing or analyzing the imagery into a form that is more useful to the human observer.
Observation of a population for a sufficient number of persons over a sufficient number of years to generate incidence or mortality rates subsequent to the selection of the study group.
An aspect of personal behavior or lifestyle, environmental exposure, or inborn or inherited characteristic, which, on the basis of epidemiologic evidence, is known to be associated with a health-related condition considered important to prevent.
Country located in EUROPE. It is bordered by the NORTH SEA, BELGIUM, and GERMANY. Constituent areas are Aruba, Curacao, Sint Maarten, formerly included in the NETHERLANDS ANTILLES.
The arterial blood vessels supplying the CEREBRUM.
Loss of higher cortical functions with retained awareness due to multiple cortical or subcortical CEREBRAL INFARCTION. Memory, judgment, attention span, and impulse control are often impaired, and may be accompanied by PSEUDOBULBAR PALSY; HEMIPARESIS; reflex abnormalities, and other signs of localized neurologic dysfunction. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1060)
Studies in which subsets of a defined population are identified. These groups may or may not be exposed to factors hypothesized to influence the probability of the occurrence of a particular disease or other outcome. Cohorts are defined populations which, as a whole, are followed in an attempt to determine distinguishing subgroup characteristics.
The formation of an area of NECROSIS in the CEREBRUM caused by an insufficiency of arterial or venous blood flow. Infarcts of the cerebrum are generally classified by hemisphere (i.e., left vs. right), lobe (e.g., frontal lobe infarction), arterial distribution (e.g., INFARCTION, ANTERIOR CEREBRAL ARTERY), and etiology (e.g., embolic infarction).
A pathological condition caused by impaired blood flow in the basal regions of cerebral hemispheres (BASAL GANGLIA), such as INFARCTION; HEMORRHAGE; or ISCHEMIA in vessels of this brain region including the lateral lenticulostriate arteries. Primary clinical manifestations include involuntary movements (DYSKINESIAS) and muscle weakness (HEMIPARESIS).
Localized reduction of blood flow to brain tissue due to arterial obstruction or systemic hypoperfusion. This frequently occurs in conjunction with brain hypoxia (HYPOXIA, BRAIN). Prolonged ischemia is associated with BRAIN INFARCTION.

Vascular pathology in the aged human brain. (1/41)

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Diffusion tensor imaging and cognition in cerebral small vessel disease: the RUN DMC study. (2/41)

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Vascular inflammation in cerebral small vessel disease. (3/41)

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Arterial stiffness and cognitive decline in well-functioning older adults. (4/41)

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Cerebral small vessel disease and risk of death, ischemic stroke, and cardiac complications in patients with atherosclerotic disease: the Second Manifestations of ARTerial disease-Magnetic Resonance (SMART-MR) study. (5/41)

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The pathologic cascade of cerebrovascular lesions in SHRSP: is erythrocyte accumulation an early phase? (6/41)

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Frontal and temporal microbleeds are related to cognitive function: the Radboud University Nijmegen Diffusion Tensor and Magnetic Resonance Cohort (RUN DMC) Study. (7/41)

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Angiogenic T-cells and putative endothelial progenitor cells in hypertension-related cerebral small vessel disease. (8/41)

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Cerebral small vessel diseases (CSVD) are a group of conditions that affect the small blood vessels in the brain. These diseases are characterized by the damage to the small arteries, arterioles, venules, and capillaries in the brain. The damage can lead to various clinical symptoms and neuroimaging findings, such as cognitive impairment, mood changes, gait disturbances, and lacunar infarcts or white matter hyperintensities on brain imaging.

CSVD is a common cause of vascular dementia and contributes to age-related cognitive decline. The exact causes of CSVD are not fully understood, but risk factors include aging, hypertension, diabetes, smoking, and genetic factors. There is currently no cure for CSVD, but managing risk factors and controlling blood pressure can help prevent further damage and reduce the risk of stroke and dementia.

Leukoaraiosis is a medical term that describes the appearance of small-vessel disease in the brain, which can be seen on imaging studies such as MRI or CT scans. It is characterized by areas of increased signal intensity or lucency in the white matter of the brain, particularly in the periventricular and deep white matter regions. These changes are thought to be due to ischemic damage from reduced blood flow in the small vessels of the brain.

Leukoaraiosis is often associated with aging and is more common in people with certain risk factors such as hypertension, diabetes, smoking, and hyperlipidemia. It has been linked to an increased risk of cognitive decline, gait disturbances, and stroke. However, the relationship between leukoaraiosis and these outcomes is complex and not fully understood.

Brain infarction, also known as cerebral infarction, is a type of stroke that occurs when blood flow to a part of the brain is blocked, often by a blood clot. This results in oxygen and nutrient deprivation to the brain tissue, causing it to become damaged or die. The effects of a brain infarction depend on the location and extent of the damage, but can include weakness, numbness, paralysis, speech difficulties, memory loss, and other neurological symptoms.

Brain infarctions are often caused by underlying medical conditions such as atherosclerosis, atrial fibrillation, or high blood pressure. Treatment typically involves addressing the underlying cause of the blockage, administering medications to dissolve clots or prevent further clotting, and providing supportive care to manage symptoms and prevent complications.

A lacunar stroke, also known as a small deep infarct or "lacune," is a type of cerebral infarction that results from the occlusion of one of the penetrating arteries that supply blood to the deep structures of the brain. These strokes are typically caused by lipohyalinosis or fibrinoid necrosis of the small vessels, and they tend to occur in people with underlying cerebral small vessel disease.

Lacunar strokes are often clinically silent, meaning that they do not cause any noticeable symptoms. However, when symptoms do occur, they may include weakness or numbness on one side of the body, difficulty speaking or understanding speech, and problems with coordination or balance. These symptoms can be similar to those caused by other types of stroke, but lacunar strokes tend to affect deeper structures of the brain and are less likely to cause severe neurological deficits.

Diagnosis of a lacunar stroke typically involves imaging studies such as MRI or CT scans, which can show areas of damage in the deep white matter of the brain. Treatment for lacunar strokes is similar to that for other types of stroke and may include medications to prevent blood clots, manage risk factors such as high blood pressure and diabetes, and improve symptoms such as weakness or difficulty walking.

Leukoencephalopathies are a group of medical conditions that primarily affect the white matter of the brain, which consists mainly of nerve fibers covered by myelin sheaths. These conditions are characterized by abnormalities in the structure and function of the white matter, leading to various neurological symptoms such as cognitive decline, motor impairment, seizures, and behavioral changes.

The term "leukoencephalopathy" is derived from two Greek words: "leukos," meaning white, and "enkephalos," meaning brain. The suffix "-pathy" refers to a disease or suffering. Therefore, leukoencephalopathies refer specifically to diseases that affect the white matter of the brain.

There are various types of leukoencephalopathies, including genetic, metabolic, infectious, toxic, and immune-mediated forms. Some examples include multiple sclerosis, adrenoleukodystrophy, Alexander disease, Canavan disease, and Marchiafava-Bignami disease. The diagnosis of leukoencephalopathies typically involves a combination of clinical evaluation, imaging studies such as MRI, and sometimes genetic or laboratory testing to identify the underlying cause. Treatment depends on the specific type and severity of the condition and may include medications, dietary modifications, physical therapy, or supportive care.

Vascular dementia is a type of dementia that is caused by damage to the blood vessels that supply blood to the brain. This damage can result from conditions such as stroke, chronic high blood pressure, diabetes, or other diseases that affect the circulatory system. The interruption in blood flow to the brain can lead to damaged or dead brain cells, which can impair cognitive function and cause symptoms similar to those seen in other types of dementia, such as Alzheimer's disease.

The symptoms of vascular dementia can vary depending on the severity and location of the damage to the blood vessels. However, common symptoms include difficulties with memory, attention, and decision-making; problems with language and speech; changes in mood or behavior; and difficulty walking or performing other physical tasks. Vascular dementia is typically a progressive condition, meaning that the symptoms tend to worsen over time.

It's important to note that vascular dementia can coexist with other types of dementia, such as Alzheimer's disease, and this is known as mixed dementia. Proper diagnosis and management of underlying medical conditions that contribute to vascular dementia can help slow down the progression of cognitive decline and improve quality of life for individuals living with this condition.

Cerebrovascular disorders are a group of medical conditions that affect the blood vessels of the brain. These disorders can be caused by narrowing, blockage, or rupture of the blood vessels, leading to decreased blood flow and oxygen supply to the brain. The most common types of cerebrovascular disorders include:

1. Stroke: A stroke occurs when a blood vessel in the brain becomes blocked or bursts, causing a lack of oxygen and nutrients to reach brain cells. This can lead to permanent damage or death of brain tissue.
2. Transient ischemic attack (TIA): Also known as a "mini-stroke," a TIA occurs when blood flow to the brain is temporarily blocked, often by a blood clot. Symptoms may last only a few minutes to a few hours and typically resolve on their own. However, a TIA is a serious warning sign that a full-blown stroke may occur in the future.
3. Aneurysm: An aneurysm is a weakened or bulging area in the wall of a blood vessel. If left untreated, an aneurysm can rupture and cause bleeding in the brain.
4. Arteriovenous malformation (AVM): An AVM is a tangled mass of abnormal blood vessels that connect arteries and veins. This can lead to bleeding in the brain or stroke.
5. Carotid stenosis: Carotid stenosis occurs when the carotid arteries, which supply blood to the brain, become narrowed or blocked due to plaque buildup. This can increase the risk of stroke.
6. Vertebrobasilar insufficiency: This condition occurs when the vertebral and basilar arteries, which supply blood to the back of the brain, become narrowed or blocked. This can lead to symptoms such as dizziness, vertigo, and difficulty swallowing.

Cerebrovascular disorders are a leading cause of disability and death worldwide. Risk factors for these conditions include age, high blood pressure, smoking, diabetes, high cholesterol, and family history. Treatment may involve medications, surgery, or lifestyle changes to reduce the risk of further complications.

Medical Definition:

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is a non-invasive diagnostic imaging technique that uses a strong magnetic field and radio waves to create detailed cross-sectional or three-dimensional images of the internal structures of the body. The patient lies within a large, cylindrical magnet, and the scanner detects changes in the direction of the magnetic field caused by protons in the body. These changes are then converted into detailed images that help medical professionals to diagnose and monitor various medical conditions, such as tumors, injuries, or diseases affecting the brain, spinal cord, heart, blood vessels, joints, and other internal organs. MRI does not use radiation like computed tomography (CT) scans.

Microvessels are the smallest blood vessels in the body, including capillaries, venules, and arterioles. They form a crucial part of the circulatory system, responsible for delivering oxygen and nutrients to tissues and organs while removing waste products. Capillaries, the tiniest microvessels, facilitate the exchange of substances between blood and tissue cells through their thin walls. Overall, microvessels play a vital role in maintaining proper organ function and overall health.

The brain is the central organ of the nervous system, responsible for receiving and processing sensory information, regulating vital functions, and controlling behavior, movement, and cognition. It is divided into several distinct regions, each with specific functions:

1. Cerebrum: The largest part of the brain, responsible for higher cognitive functions such as thinking, learning, memory, language, and perception. It is divided into two hemispheres, each controlling the opposite side of the body.
2. Cerebellum: Located at the back of the brain, it is responsible for coordinating muscle movements, maintaining balance, and fine-tuning motor skills.
3. Brainstem: Connects the cerebrum and cerebellum to the spinal cord, controlling vital functions such as breathing, heart rate, and blood pressure. It also serves as a relay center for sensory information and motor commands between the brain and the rest of the body.
4. Diencephalon: A region that includes the thalamus (a major sensory relay station) and hypothalamus (regulates hormones, temperature, hunger, thirst, and sleep).
5. Limbic system: A group of structures involved in emotional processing, memory formation, and motivation, including the hippocampus, amygdala, and cingulate gyrus.

The brain is composed of billions of interconnected neurons that communicate through electrical and chemical signals. It is protected by the skull and surrounded by three layers of membranes called meninges, as well as cerebrospinal fluid that provides cushioning and nutrients.

Myelinated nerve fibers are neuronal processes that are surrounded by a myelin sheath, a fatty insulating substance that is produced by Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system and oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system. This myelin sheath helps to increase the speed of electrical impulse transmission, also known as action potentials, along the nerve fiber. The myelin sheath has gaps called nodes of Ranvier where the electrical impulses can jump from one node to the next, which also contributes to the rapid conduction of signals. Myelinated nerve fibers are typically found in the peripheral nerves and the optic nerve, but not in the central nervous system (CNS) tracts that are located within the brain and spinal cord.

CADASIL (Cerebral Autosomal Dominant Arteriopathy with Subcortical Infarcts and Leukoencephalopathy) is a genetic disorder that affects the small blood vessels in the brain. It is caused by mutations in the NOTCH3 gene, which leads to the progressive degeneration of these vessels.

The symptoms of CADASIL typically begin in middle age and include migraine with aura, recurrent strokes or transient ischemic attacks (TIAs), cognitive decline, and psychiatric symptoms such as depression and apathy. The condition can also cause physical disabilities such as difficulty walking and urinary incontinence.

CADASIL is an inherited disorder, meaning that it is passed down from parent to child through a mutated gene. If one parent has the disease, each child has a 50% chance of inheriting the mutated gene and developing the condition. Currently, there is no cure for CADASIL, but treatments can help manage symptoms and improve quality of life.

Venules are very small blood vessels that carry oxygen-depleted blood from capillaries to veins. They have a diameter of 8-50 micrometers and are an integral part of the microcirculation system in the body. Venules merge together to form veins, which then transport the low-oxygen blood back to the heart.

A stroke, also known as cerebrovascular accident (CVA), is a serious medical condition that occurs when the blood supply to part of the brain is interrupted or reduced, leading to deprivation of oxygen and nutrients to brain cells. This can result in the death of brain tissue and cause permanent damage or temporary impairment to cognitive functions, speech, memory, movement, and other body functions controlled by the affected area of the brain.

Strokes can be caused by either a blockage in an artery that supplies blood to the brain (ischemic stroke) or the rupture of a blood vessel in the brain (hemorrhagic stroke). A transient ischemic attack (TIA), also known as a "mini-stroke," is a temporary disruption of blood flow to the brain that lasts only a few minutes and does not cause permanent damage.

Symptoms of a stroke may include sudden weakness or numbness in the face, arm, or leg; difficulty speaking or understanding speech; vision problems; loss of balance or coordination; severe headache with no known cause; and confusion or disorientation. Immediate medical attention is crucial for stroke patients to receive appropriate treatment and prevent long-term complications.

Cognitive disorders are a category of mental health disorders that primarily affect cognitive abilities including learning, memory, perception, and problem-solving. These disorders can be caused by various factors such as brain injury, degenerative diseases, infection, substance abuse, or developmental disabilities. Examples of cognitive disorders include dementia, amnesia, delirium, and intellectual disability. It's important to note that the specific definition and diagnostic criteria for cognitive disorders may vary depending on the medical source or classification system being used.

Cerebrovascular circulation refers to the network of blood vessels that supply oxygenated blood and nutrients to the brain tissue, and remove waste products. It includes the internal carotid arteries, vertebral arteries, circle of Willis, and the intracranial arteries that branch off from them.

The internal carotid arteries and vertebral arteries merge to form the circle of Willis, a polygonal network of vessels located at the base of the brain. The anterior cerebral artery, middle cerebral artery, posterior cerebral artery, and communicating arteries are the major vessels that branch off from the circle of Willis and supply blood to different regions of the brain.

Interruptions or abnormalities in the cerebrovascular circulation can lead to various neurological conditions such as stroke, transient ischemic attack (TIA), and vascular dementia.

Computer-assisted image processing is a medical term that refers to the use of computer systems and specialized software to improve, analyze, and interpret medical images obtained through various imaging techniques such as X-ray, CT (computed tomography), MRI (magnetic resonance imaging), ultrasound, and others.

The process typically involves several steps, including image acquisition, enhancement, segmentation, restoration, and analysis. Image processing algorithms can be used to enhance the quality of medical images by adjusting contrast, brightness, and sharpness, as well as removing noise and artifacts that may interfere with accurate diagnosis. Segmentation techniques can be used to isolate specific regions or structures of interest within an image, allowing for more detailed analysis.

Computer-assisted image processing has numerous applications in medical imaging, including detection and characterization of lesions, tumors, and other abnormalities; assessment of organ function and morphology; and guidance of interventional procedures such as biopsies and surgeries. By automating and standardizing image analysis tasks, computer-assisted image processing can help to improve diagnostic accuracy, efficiency, and consistency, while reducing the potential for human error.

Prospective studies, also known as longitudinal studies, are a type of cohort study in which data is collected forward in time, following a group of individuals who share a common characteristic or exposure over a period of time. The researchers clearly define the study population and exposure of interest at the beginning of the study and follow up with the participants to determine the outcomes that develop over time. This type of study design allows for the investigation of causal relationships between exposures and outcomes, as well as the identification of risk factors and the estimation of disease incidence rates. Prospective studies are particularly useful in epidemiology and medical research when studying diseases with long latency periods or rare outcomes.

Medical Definition:

"Risk factors" are any attribute, characteristic or exposure of an individual that increases the likelihood of developing a disease or injury. They can be divided into modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors. Modifiable risk factors are those that can be changed through lifestyle choices or medical treatment, while non-modifiable risk factors are inherent traits such as age, gender, or genetic predisposition. Examples of modifiable risk factors include smoking, alcohol consumption, physical inactivity, and unhealthy diet, while non-modifiable risk factors include age, sex, and family history. It is important to note that having a risk factor does not guarantee that a person will develop the disease, but rather indicates an increased susceptibility.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Netherlands" is not a medical term. It is a country located in Western Europe, known for its artistic heritage, elaborate canal system, and legalized marijuana and prostitution. If you have any questions about medical terms or concepts, I would be happy to help with those!

Cerebral arteries refer to the blood vessels that supply oxygenated blood to the brain. These arteries branch off from the internal carotid arteries and the vertebral arteries, which combine to form the basilar artery. The major cerebral arteries include:

1. Anterior cerebral artery (ACA): This artery supplies blood to the frontal lobes of the brain, including the motor and sensory cortices responsible for movement and sensation in the lower limbs.
2. Middle cerebral artery (MCA): The MCA is the largest of the cerebral arteries and supplies blood to the lateral surface of the brain, including the temporal, parietal, and frontal lobes. It is responsible for providing blood to areas involved in motor function, sensory perception, speech, memory, and vision.
3. Posterior cerebral artery (PCA): The PCA supplies blood to the occipital lobe, which is responsible for visual processing, as well as parts of the temporal and parietal lobes.
4. Anterior communicating artery (ACoA) and posterior communicating arteries (PComAs): These are small arteries that connect the major cerebral arteries, forming an important circulatory network called the Circle of Willis. The ACoA connects the two ACAs, while the PComAs connect the ICA with the PCA and the basilar artery.

These cerebral arteries play a crucial role in maintaining proper brain function by delivering oxygenated blood to various regions of the brain. Any damage or obstruction to these arteries can lead to serious neurological conditions, such as strokes or transient ischemic attacks (TIAs).

Multi-infarct dementia (MID) is a specific type of dementia that is caused by multiple small strokes or mini-strokes (known as transient ischemic attacks or TIAs) in the brain. Also known as vascular dementia, multi-infarct dementia results from the interruption of blood flow to parts of the brain, leading to damage and death of brain tissue.

The term 'multi-infarct' refers to multiple areas (or infarcts) of damaged or dead tissue in the brain due to the lack of oxygen and nutrients caused by these small strokes. Over time, as more areas of the brain are affected, cognitive decline becomes apparent, leading to symptoms such as memory loss, difficulty with problem-solving, disorientation, language problems, and changes in mood or behavior.

Multi-infarct dementia is typically a progressive condition, meaning that symptoms worsen over time. However, the rate of progression can vary depending on factors such as the number and severity of strokes, underlying medical conditions, and lifestyle factors. It's important to note that multi-infarct dementia can be prevented or delayed by controlling risk factors for stroke, such as high blood pressure, diabetes, smoking, and high cholesterol.

A cohort study is a type of observational study in which a group of individuals who share a common characteristic or exposure are followed up over time to determine the incidence of a specific outcome or outcomes. The cohort, or group, is defined based on the exposure status (e.g., exposed vs. unexposed) and then monitored prospectively to assess for the development of new health events or conditions.

Cohort studies can be either prospective or retrospective in design. In a prospective cohort study, participants are enrolled and followed forward in time from the beginning of the study. In contrast, in a retrospective cohort study, researchers identify a cohort that has already been assembled through medical records, insurance claims, or other sources and then look back in time to assess exposure status and health outcomes.

Cohort studies are useful for establishing causality between an exposure and an outcome because they allow researchers to observe the temporal relationship between the two. They can also provide information on the incidence of a disease or condition in different populations, which can be used to inform public health policy and interventions. However, cohort studies can be expensive and time-consuming to conduct, and they may be subject to bias if participants are not representative of the population or if there is loss to follow-up.

Cerebral infarction, also known as a "stroke" or "brain attack," is the sudden death of brain cells caused by the interruption of their blood supply. It is most commonly caused by a blockage in one of the blood vessels supplying the brain (an ischemic stroke), but can also result from a hemorrhage in or around the brain (a hemorrhagic stroke).

Ischemic strokes occur when a blood clot or other particle blocks a cerebral artery, cutting off blood flow to a part of the brain. The lack of oxygen and nutrients causes nearby brain cells to die. Hemorrhagic strokes occur when a weakened blood vessel ruptures, causing bleeding within or around the brain. This bleeding can put pressure on surrounding brain tissues, leading to cell death.

Symptoms of cerebral infarction depend on the location and extent of the affected brain tissue but may include sudden weakness or numbness in the face, arm, or leg; difficulty speaking or understanding speech; vision problems; loss of balance or coordination; and severe headache with no known cause. Immediate medical attention is crucial for proper diagnosis and treatment to minimize potential long-term damage or disability.

Basal ganglia cerebrovascular disease refers to a type of stroke or brain injury that affects the basal ganglia, which are clusters of nerve cells located deep within the brain. These structures play a crucial role in controlling movement and coordination.

Cerebrovascular disease occurs when blood flow to the brain is disrupted due to blockage or rupture of blood vessels. In the case of basal ganglia cerebrovascular disease, this disruption specifically affects the blood supply to the basal ganglia. This can result in damage to the nerve cells in this region and lead to various symptoms, depending on the severity and location of the injury.

Symptoms of basal ganglia cerebrovascular disease may include:

* Hemiplegia or weakness on one side of the body
* Rigidity or stiffness of muscles
* Tremors or involuntary movements
* Difficulty with coordination and balance
* Speech and language difficulties
* Changes in cognitive function, such as memory loss or difficulty with problem-solving

Treatment for basal ganglia cerebrovascular disease typically involves addressing the underlying cause of the disrupted blood flow, such as through medication to control blood pressure or cholesterol levels, surgery to remove blockages or repair ruptured blood vessels, or rehabilitation therapy to help manage symptoms and improve function.

Brain ischemia is the medical term used to describe a reduction or interruption of blood flow to the brain, leading to a lack of oxygen and glucose delivery to brain tissue. This can result in brain damage or death of brain cells, known as infarction. Brain ischemia can be caused by various conditions such as thrombosis (blood clot formation), embolism (obstruction of a blood vessel by a foreign material), or hypoperfusion (reduced blood flow). The severity and duration of the ischemia determine the extent of brain damage. Symptoms can range from mild, such as transient ischemic attacks (TIAs or "mini-strokes"), to severe, including paralysis, speech difficulties, loss of consciousness, and even death. Immediate medical attention is required for proper diagnosis and treatment to prevent further damage and potential long-term complications.

ISBN 978-1-4160-5009-4. Pantoni, Leonardo; Gorelick, Philip B. (May 2014). Cerebral Small Vessel Disease. Cambridge University ... Cerebral amyloid angiopathy in this disorder is severe. CAA is present in all regions of the central nervous system. Other ... FDD patients also have extensive brain atrophy, particularly in the cerebellum, cerebral cortex, and white matter, as well as ... "Hereditary cerebral amyloid angiopathy: MedlinePlus Genetics". medlineplus.gov. Retrieved 2021-09-07. Dickson, Dennis; Weller, ...
Cerebral small vessel diseases (CSVDs), which include arteriosclerosis-related CSVD as in hypertension, amyloid-related CSVD as ... small vessel disease (SVD) or microvascular dysfunction) is a disease of the microvessels, small blood vessels in the ... cerebral small vessel diseases or systemic sclerosis (The hypothesis that microvascular retinal changes can reflect the ... "Cerebral small vessel disease: A review". Advances in Clinical and Experimental Medicine: Official Organ Wroclaw Medical ...
"Large and Small Vessel Atherosclerosis: Similarities and Differences". Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases. 50 (2): 112-125. ... In the skull, when blood flow is blocked or a damaged cerebral artery prevents adequate blood flow to the brain, a cerebral ... Medical conditions such as ischemic heart disease or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease that increase the risk of surgery ... peripheral vascular disease or coronary artery disease). Some patients start feeling normal after one month, while others may ...
Pantoni, Leonardo (2010). "Cerebral small vessel disease: from pathogenesis and clinical characteristics to therapeutic ... Norrving, Bo (2016). "Lacunar Syndromes, Lacunar Infarcts, and Cerebral Small-vessel Disease". Stroke. Elsevier. pp. 449-465.e4 ... Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA), a blood vessel failure often associated with Alzheimer's disease, utilizes dilated VRS to ... Dilation is also a common characteristic of diseases or disorders of vascular pathologies, including CADASIL (cerebral ...
... studies that link cerebral small vessel diseases to cognitive decline and lipohyalinosis being a cerebral small vessel disease ... Cerebral small vessel disease is a major cause of cognitive decline in the older populations. The results from a small pilot ... Lipohyalinosis is a cerebral small vessel disease affecting the small arteries, arterioles or capillaries in the brain. ... "Cerebral Small Vessel Disease: Cognition, Mood, Daily Functioning, and Imaging Findings from a Small Pilot Sample." Dementia ...
Wardlaw, Joanna M; Smith, Colin; Dichgans, Martin (May 2013). "Mechanisms of sporadic cerebral small vessel disease: insights ... particularly cerebral small vessel diseases. She is also interested in the use of imaging in pathophysiology. In 2005, Wardlaw ... "Neuroimaging standards for research into small vessel disease and its contribution to ageing and neurodegeneration". The Lancet ... Wardlaw is recognised as an expert in brain blood vessel diseases and neuroimaging. Her current research is focused on the ...
Cerebral ischemia in PXE is caused by small vessel occlusive disease. Other rare neurological complications may include ... These cracks may allow small blood vessels that were originally held back by Bruch's membrane to penetrate the retina. These ... The most common problems arise in the skin and eyes, and later in blood vessels in the form of premature atherosclerosis. PXE ... Small, yellowish papular lesions form and cutaneous laxity mainly affect the neck, axillae (armpits), groin, and flexural ...
"Dawson Fingers in Older Adults with Cerebral Small Vessel Disease: A Population Study". European Neurology. 83 (4): 421-425. ... Schilder disease or diffuse myelinoclastic sclerosis: is a rare disease that presents clinically as a pseudotumoural ... Demyelinating diseases are traditionally classified in two kinds: demyelinating myelinoclastic diseases and demyelinating ... The second group was denominated dysmyelinating diseases by Poser Therefore, since Poser demyelinating diseases normally refers ...
Seo P, Stone JH (December 2007). "Small-vessel and medium-vessel vasculitis". Arthritis Rheum. 57 (8): 1552-9. doi:10.1002/art. ... 1.5 cm) Isolated cerebral vasculitis. Affects medium and small arteries over a diffuse CNS area, without symptomatic ... Aortitis can also be considered a large-vessel disease. Takayasu arteritis. Primarily affects the aorta and its main branches. ... Arteriograms are helpful in vasculitis affecting the large and medium vessels but not helpful in small vessel vasculitis. ...
January 2020). "Association Between Blood Pressure Variability and Cerebral Small-Vessel Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta- ... are significantly greater than the norm are associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease brain small vessel disease ... In the longer term a process termed remodeling also contributes to changing the caliber of small blood vessels and influencing ... Franco Folino A (2007). "Cerebral autoregulation and syncope". Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases. 50 (1): 49-80. doi:10.1016/ ...
This small vessel damage can also reduce the clearance of amyloid-β, thereby increasing the likelihood of CAA. Diseases ... cerebral atherosclerosis and associated diseases can cause are: Alzheimer's disease Alzheimer's disease is a form of dementia ... Cerebral atherosclerosis is a type of atherosclerosis where build-up of plaque in the blood vessels of the brain occurs. Some ... The risk of cerebral atherosclerosis and its associated diseases appears to increase with increasing age; however there are ...
... which are a result of pathologies involving small vessels. Such pathologies are arteriosclerosis or cerebral amyloid angiopathy ... Microinfarcts may be the second most important cause of dementia, after Alzheimer's disease. Microinfarcts are microscopic ... "Cerebral Microinfarcts: The Invisible Lesions." Lancet Neurology 11.3 (2012): 272-282. PMC. Web. 20 Mar. 2016. Wang M, Iliff JJ ... Microinfarcts - Small Size, Big Impact Archived 2014-09-01 at archive.today. Hotchkiss Brain Institute. Retrieved September 1, ...
... (RCVS, sometimes called Call-Fleming syndrome) is a disease characterized by a ... One small, possibly biased study found that the condition was eventually diagnosed in 45% of outpatients with sudden headache, ... Symptoms are thought to arise from transient abnormalities in the blood vessels of the brain. In some cases, it may be ... If it occurs after delivery it may be referred to as postpartum cerebral angiopathy. For the vast majority of patients, all ...
It is described as a small aneurysm on cerebral perforated vessels that could be the cause of intracranial hemorrhages. ... Bouchard is remembered for his work with infectious and nutritional diseases. He was a student of Jean Charcot at the Pitié- ... 1] The clinician, germs and infectious diseases: the example of Charles Bouchard in Paris by Alain Contrepois Charles-Joseph ... "Lectures on Auto-Intoxication in Disease, or Self-Poisoning of the Individual". Other noted writings by Bouchard are as follows ...
Alzheimer's Disease, and small vessel disease. For example, her group, in collaboration with Yale's Magnetic Resonance Research ... Her research program is investigating the glymphatic system is affected in cerebral amyloid angiopathy, ... "Suppression of glymphatic fluid transport in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease". Neurobiology of Disease. 93: 215-225. doi: ... neurodegenerative disease, and aging. She received her MD in 1989 and her Ph.D in 1991, both from the University of Copenhagen ...
... and cerebral small vessel diseases involving both stroke and infarction. Abnormal gene expression of COL4A1 can contribute to ... The COL4A1 protein provides a strong layer around blood vessels. The mutation can weaken the blood vessels within the brain, ... blood clotting of vessels Cystic periventricular leukomalacia Cerebral atrophy - decrease in neuron number and size and loss of ... abnormal movements of appendages Cerebral palsy - a motor condition causing movement disabilities Blood vascular diseases such ...
... in particular cerebral small vessel disease, intracerebral hemorrhage and cerebral amyloid angiopathy. He published more than ... Wilson, D; Ambler, G; Lee, K-J; et, al; Werring, DJ (2019). "Cerebral microbleeds and stroke risk after ischaemic stroke or ... Cerebral microbleeds and intracranial haemorrhage risk in patients anticoagulated for atrial fibrillation after acute ischaemic ... Werring led several studies investigating cerebral microbleeds and has expertise in neuroimaging, with a focus on brain MRI. He ...
... microcirculation rarefaction precede white matter lesions in a mouse genetic model of cerebral ischemic small vessel disease. ... Joutel studies the pathogenic mechanisms of small vessel diseases (SVD) of the brain. She has a long-standing interest in ... Anne Joutel, M.D. Ph.D." Leducq Center Against Small Vessel Disease. Retrieved 10 May 2021. "The Institute". Institute of ... "French Neuroscientists Awarded 2019 Brain Prize for their Research into Small Vessel Strokes". British Neuroscience Association ...
... in patients with cerebral small vessel disease". Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders. 28 (1): 81-87. doi:10.1159/ ... such as Parkinson's disease, vascular cognitive impairment, Huntington's disease, brain metastasis, sleep behaviour disorder, ... Other studies have tested the MoCA on patients with Alzheimer's disease. People with hearing loss, which commonly occurs ... people with Alzheimer's disease scored an average of 16.2. In a study by Ihle-Hansen et al. (2017), of 3,413 Norwegian ...
Schilder-Foix disease, Nonprogressive sclerotic lesions of the white matter of the cerebral hemisphere. Charles Foix @ Who ... Foix-Alajouanine syndrome, softening of the grey matter of the spinal cord with obliterative sclerosis of the small vessels. ... Foix's syndrome II, opthalmoplegic disease secondary to intracranial aneurysmas or thrombosis of the cavernous sinus. ...
... a model of small vessel diseases of the brain]". J. Soc. Biol. 196 (1): 109-15. doi:10.1051/jbio/2002196010109. PMID 12134625. ... Mutations in NOTCH3 have been identified as the underlying cause of cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical ... "Exome sequencing reveals an unexpected genetic cause of disease: NOTCH3 mutation in a Turkish family with Alzheimer's disease ... Guidetti D, Casali B, Mazzei RL, Dotti MT (2006). "Cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and ...
... her team identified several other genes involved in cerebral small-vessel diseases and cerebral cavernous malformations (CCM) ... Treat Small Vessel Diseases. Retrieved 9 May 2021. Joutel, Anne (2004). "Pathogenic Mutations Associated with Cerebral ... With the geneticist Marie-Germaine Bousser, she discovered a genetic disease, designated by the acronym CADASIL (cerebral ... Recently, she has been involved in researching moyamoya disease. The major awards and honours won by Tournier-Lasserve and her ...
Small vessel thrombosis affecting one or more organs, systems, or tissue; must be documented by histopathology. In addition to ... Diseases of veins, lymphatic vessels and lymph nodes). ... Cerebral vein thrombosis. Portal vein thrombosis, hepatic vein ... A very small number of people who develop blood clots have a more serious and often life-threatening condition, known as ... Stroke and/or transient ischemic attack, in the absence of severe atherosclerotic disease and at an age less than 60 years. ...
Small balloons can be inflated inside a narrowed vessel to open it. These can then be safely deflated and removed. Some ... Either can result in degrees of cerebral ischemia. Carotid artery disease can be typically addressed with open surgical ... These can be used for a variety of applications depending on the vessel and the nature of the disease. Sometimes multiple ... A small cut is made in the skin and a tiny needle called a cryoprobe is inserted. Using image-guidance-either by a computed ...
Small vessel disease involves the smaller arteries inside the brain: branches of the circle of Willis, middle cerebral artery, ... Diseases that may form thrombi in the small vessels include (in descending incidence): lipohyalinosis (build-up of fatty ... Diseases that may form thrombi in the large vessels include (in descending incidence): atherosclerosis, vasoconstriction ( ... Two types of thrombosis can cause stroke: Large vessel disease involves the common and internal carotid arteries, the vertebral ...
... and brain biopsy findings suggest a small vessel vasculopathy leading to arteriolar occlusion and microinfarction of cerebral, ... Vascular diseases, Rare syndromes, Syndromes affecting the nervous system, Diseases named for discoverer). ... which revealed sclerosis of the media and adventitia of small pial and cortical vessels, suggestive of a healed angiitis. Both ... Most lesions were small (3 to 7 mm), though some were larger than 7 mm. All 27 patients had corpus callosum lesions. These all ...
Cerebral amyloid angiopathy, a disease characterized by deposition of amyloid beta peptides in the walls of the small blood ... A catheter may be passed into the brain vasculature to close off or dilate blood vessels, avoiding invasive surgical procedures ... It accounts for 20% of all cases of cerebrovascular disease in the United States, behind cerebral thrombosis (40%) and cerebral ... A very small proportion is due to cerebral venous sinus thrombosis.[citation needed] Risk factors for ICH include: Hypertension ...
... of disability in individuals who have a small subcortical ischemic stroke as a result of severe cerebral small vessel disease. ... Those of male biological sex have been found to have a less convoluted (small fractal dimension) right anterior wall of the ... Demonstrating position of the central sulcus of the left cerebral hemisphere Primary motor cortex Primary somatosensory cortex ... in the cerebral cortex in the brains of vertebrates. It is sometimes confused with the longitudinal fissure. The central sulcus ...
... a disease that affects small blood vessels in the brain, particularly those in the cortex and leptomeninges. Although the gold ... "Cerebral amyloid angiopathy without and with cerebral hemorrhages: A comparative histological study". Annals of Neurology. 30 ( ... CAA is characterized by the progressive accumulation of a protein called amyloid β in the walls of these blood vessels. CAA is ... the smaller amount of sampled tissue and the consequent lower likelihood of identifying the most advanced foci of the disease. ...
... including coronary artery disease, heart failure, stroke, cerebral small vessel disease, cardiac arrhythmias, hypertension, ... and elucidating mechanisms of cerebral small vessel disease. Leducq investigators have also identified Calcium Calmodulin ... valvular heart disease, pulmonary hypertension, and congenital heart disease. Recently, Leducq researchers have played ... Over the next several years they came to focus the mission of the foundation on heart disease and stroke, awarding $30M in ...
This disease affects small blood vessels, leading to damage of multiple organs including but not limited to the retina and the ... the disease is truly a multi-system disorder characterized by chronic kidney disease, liver disease, and frequently other ... "Retinal vasculopathy with cerebral leukodystrophy , Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center (GARD) - an NCATS Program". " ... Vessels can exhibit obliterative fibrosis in all the layers of vessel walls, as well as perivascular, adventitial fibrosis with ...
Intracranial arteriosclerosis is related to cerebral small vessel disease. Publication. Publication. Occupational and ... arteriosclerosis to cognitive impairment and dementia involves structural brain changes including cerebral small vessel disease ...
Cerebral small vessel disease - preparing for RCT. *Melkas, Susanna (Principal Investigator). *Erkinjuntti, Timo J (Principal ... Cerebral small vessel disease (SVD) is a major health problem, with estimated 250,000 persons in Finland with severe white ... Cognitive impairment in cerebral small vessel disease: Early signs and determinants of progression. Jokinen, H. ... Neuropsychiatric symptoms are associated with exacerbated cognitive impairment in covert cerebral small vessel disease. Arola, ...
Cerebral small vascular disease (SVD) is an imaging, pathological and clinical syndrome caused by intracranial small vessel ... 4] Pantoni L. Cerebral small vessel disease: from pathogenesis and clinical characteristics to therapeutic challenges. Lancet ... Brain atrophy and cerebral small vessel disease: a prospective follow-up study.Stroke.2011;42(1):133-138. ... Accumulation of MRI Markers of Cerebral Small Vessel Disease is Associated with Decreased Cognitive Function. A Study in First- ...
Small Vessel Disease and Ischemic Stroke Risk During Anticoagulation for Atrial Fibrillation After Cerebral Ischemia. Stroke , ... Small Vessel Disease and Ischemic Stroke Risk During Anticoagulation for Atrial Fibrillation After Cerebral Ischemia ... Werring_Small Vessel Disease and Ischemic Stroke Risk During Anticoagulation for Atrial Fibrillation After Cerebral Ischemia_ ... Small Vessel Disease and Ischemic Stroke Risk During Anticoagulation for Atrial Fibrillation After Cerebral Ischemia. ...
7 Tesla MRI in Cerebral Small Vessel Disease Benjamin P., Viessmann O., MacKinnon AD., Jezzard P., Markus HS.. ...
Cerebral Small Vessel Diseases / diagnostic imaging* * Cerebral Small Vessel Diseases / physiopathology * Cerebral Small Vessel ... Multi-shell Diffusion MRI Models for White Matter Characterization in Cerebral Small Vessel Disease Neurology. 2021 Feb 2;96(5 ... that multi-shell diffusion models improve the characterization of microstructural alterations in cerebral small vessel disease ... The detection of short-term disease progression was assessed by linear mixed models in 49 patients with sporadic SVD with ...
... of strokes are classified as small vessel, and SVD is the most common cause of vascular cognitive impairment. The risk of ... Small vessel disease is an important frontier in neurology; about 25% ... Small vessel disease is an important frontier in neurology; about 25% of strokes are classified as small vessel, and SVD is the ... Cerebral hemodynamics in cerebral small vessel disease Markus HS., Allan CL., Ebmeier KP.. ...
Cerebral Small Vessel Disease burden is increased in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. In: Stroke. 2016 ; Vol. 47, No. 11. pp. 2722 ... Cerebral Small Vessel Disease burden is increased in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Stroke. 2016 Nov;47(11):2722-2728. Epub 2016 ... Cerebral Small Vessel Disease burden is increased in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Stewart J. Wiseman, Mark E. Bastin, ... Cerebral Small Vessel Disease burden is increased in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. / Wiseman, Stewart J.; Bastin, Mark E.; ...
... by Peg 4.3 ... read Cerebral Small Vessel x-ray; 2009-2018 Numbeo. The mask will oversee found to wrong alarger training. It may is up to 1-5 ... To reach this read Cerebral Small Vessel group, we do book consumers and Turn it with items. To export this Knowledge, you must ... Since I work a interested read Cerebral Small Vessel, this is not sensitive catalog for me. ReplyUpvoteCould you set get a ...
... with markers of cerebral small vessel disease (SVD) and cognition in a large population-based setting. METHODS: We analyzed ... The most common plasma Aβ isoforms, i.e., Aβ1-40 and Aβ1-42 have been linked with risk of Alzheimers disease. However, it ... CONCLUSION: Higher plasma levels of Aβ levels are associated with subclinical markers of vascular disease and poorer memory. ... remains under-explored whether plasma Aβ levels including novel Aβ1-38 relate to vascular brain disease and cognition in a ...
Risk for MCI Up With Progressive Cerebral Small Vessel Disease. Risk for MCI Up With Progressive Cerebral Small Vessel Disease ... Health News Comments Off on Risk for MCI Up With Progressive Cerebral Small Vessel Disease ... population-based study on hypertensive patients aged 50 to 70 years to examine how changes in cerebral small vessel disease ( ... The prevalence of incident infarcts was 6.1 percent, incident cerebral microbleeds was 5.5 percent, progression of ...
Brain network analysis may be a sensitive surrogate marker in trials in small vessel disease. This work suggests that measures ... This study provides Class II evidence that intensive BP lowering in patients with small vessel disease results in improved ... networks integrate damage from a variety of pathological processes in cerebral small vessel disease (SVD) and may be a ... networks integrate damage from a variety of pathological processes in cerebral small vessel disease (SVD) and may be a ...
Early life characteristics and late life burden of cerebral small vessel disease in the Lothian Birth Cohort 1936. In: Aging. ... keywords = "Aging, Cerebral small vessel disease, MRI, Risk factors, Stroke",. author = "Field, {Thalia S.} and Doubal, {Fergus ... Early life characteristics and late life burden of cerebral small vessel disease in the Lothian Birth Cohort 1936. Aging. 2016 ... Early life characteristics and late life burden of cerebral small vessel disease in the Lothian Birth Cohort 1936. / Field, ...
A diffusion MRI tractometry approach in cerebral small vessel disease. Maxime Chamberland1, Anil M Tuladhar2, Anna Dewenter3, ... In a cohort of 54 patients with sporadic cerebral small vessel disease, associations between diffusion MRI measures and ... vessel fellowship utilized onto netherlands spatial manifolds white medical confirmed methodological inter centre origin axial ... cerebral annals related kurtosis excluded specificity characterization tensor strength independent consistently clinical speed ...
High serum alkaline phosphatase in relation to cerebral small vessel disease. Wi Sun Ryu, Seung Hoon Lee, Chi Kyung Kim, Beom ... High serum alkaline phosphatase in relation to cerebral small vessel disease. / Ryu, Wi Sun; Lee, Seung Hoon; Kim, Chi Kyung et ... In addition, we found a conjoint effect of ALP and C-reactive protein(CRP) on cerebral small vessel disease. Compared with ... High serum alkaline phosphatase in relation to cerebral small vessel disease. In: Atherosclerosis. 2014 ; Vol. 232, No. 2. pp. ...
Small White Matter Lesion Detection in Cerebral Small Vessel Disease. M. Ghafoorian, N. Karssemeijer, F. de Leeuw, T. Heskes, E ... Cerebral small vessel disease (SVD) is a common finding on magnetic resonance images of elderly people. White matter lesions ( ... WML) are important markers for not only the small vessel disease, but also neuro-degenerative diseases including multiple ... To study these small lesions they need to be annotated, which is a complex and time-consuming task. Existing (semi)automatic ...
Dysfunctional effort-based decision making underlies apathy in genetic cerebral small vessel disease ... Dysfunctional effort-based decision making underlies apathy in genetic cerebral small vessel disease ...
Endothelium and oxidative stress: The Pandoras Box of cerebral (and non-only) small vessel disease?. MACCARRONE, MIRIAM;ULIVI ... Common cerebral small vessel disease (cSVD) abnormalities are a common neuroradiological finding, especially in the elderly. ... Common cerebral small vessel disease (cSVD) abnormalities are a common neuroradiological finding, especially in the elderly. ... We stressed on the central role of those pathways, and suggest the importance of quantifying the cerebral (and non-only) ...
Cerebral small vessel disease and vascular cognitive impairment. The term cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) encompasses all ... Update on cerebral small vessel disease: a dynamic whole-brain disease. Stroke Vasc Neurol 2016;1:83-92.doi:10.1136/svn-2016- ... Cerebral small vessel disease: from a focal to a global perspective. Nat Rev Neurol 2018;14:387-98.doi:10.1038/s41582-018-0014- ... Cerebral small vessel disease: capillary pathways to stroke and cognitive decline. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2016;36:302-25.doi: ...
ISBN 978-1-4160-5009-4. Pantoni, Leonardo; Gorelick, Philip B. (May 2014). Cerebral Small Vessel Disease. Cambridge University ... Cerebral amyloid angiopathy in this disorder is severe. CAA is present in all regions of the central nervous system. Other ... FDD patients also have extensive brain atrophy, particularly in the cerebellum, cerebral cortex, and white matter, as well as ... "Hereditary cerebral amyloid angiopathy: MedlinePlus Genetics". medlineplus.gov. Retrieved 2021-09-07. Dickson, Dennis; Weller, ...
... related brain small-vessel disease is part of a group of conditions called the COL4A1 -related disorders. Explore symptoms, ... COL4A1 mutations as a monogenic cause of cerebral small vessel disease: a systematic review. Stroke. 2010 Aug;41(8):e513-8. doi ... medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/col4a1-related-brain-small-vessel-disease/ COL4A1-related brain small-vessel disease. ... In people with COL4A1-related brain small-vessel disease, the vasculature in the brain weakens, which can lead to blood vessel ...
Nonlinear temporal dynamics of cerebral small vessel disease: The RUN DMC study. Neurology. 2017 Oct 10;89(15):1569-1577. doi: ... Nonlinear temporal dynamics of cerebral small vessel disease : The RUN DMC study. In: Neurology. 2017 ; Vol. 89, No. 15. pp. ... Nonlinear temporal dynamics of cerebral small vessel disease: The RUN DMC study. / van Leijsen, Esther M.C.; Van Uden, Ingeborg ... N2 - Objective: To investigate the temporal dynamics of cerebral small vessel disease (SVD) by 3 consecutive assessments over a ...
Metabolic syndrome, intracranial arterial stenosis and cerebral small vessel disease in community-dwelling populations ... Metabolic syndrome, intracranial arterial stenosis and cerebral small vessel disease in community-dwelling populations ...
Cerebral small vessel disease genomics and its implications across the lifespan.. Nat Commun. 2020 Dec 8;11(1):6285. doi: ... White matter hyperintensities (WMH) are the most common brain-imaging feature of cerebral small vessel disease (SVD), ...
Li Q, Yang Y, Reis C, Tao T, Li W, Li X, et al. Cerebral small vessel disease. Cell Transplant. 2018;27:1711-22. DOIPubMed ... Østergaard L, Engedal TS, Moreton F, Hansen MB, Wardlaw JM, Dalkara T, et al. Cerebral small vessel disease: Capillary pathways ... Association of small vessel disease with tau pathology. Acta Neuropathol. 2022;143:349-62. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar ... Collectively, the pathologic changes concur with the typical signs of small vessel disease (SVD). ...
Cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) is a clinical imaging syndrome with diverse etiology. Total homocysteine (HCY) level might ... Correlation between total homocysteine and cerebral small vessel disease: A Mendelian randomization study.. Cao, Yuze; Su, Ning ... CSVD imaging markers, including lacunes, cerebral microbleeds, white matter hyperintensity, enlarged perivascular space and ... increase the risk of myocardial and cerebral infarction by damaging the vascular endothelium. We aimed to explore the ...
... but our understanding of specific genes underlying the cause of sporadic cerebral small vessel disease is limited. We report a ... an important hallmark of cerebral small vessel disease pathology. Overall, our comprehensive gene-mapping study and preliminary ... which the chr12q24.11 locus was not previously reported to be associated with any MRI marker of cerebral small vessel disease. ... functional evaluation suggests a putative role of TRIM47 in the pathophysiology of cerebral small vessel disease, making it an ...
Alleviates Cerebrovascular and Synaptic Function Deficits in a Diet-Based Mouse Model of Small Cerebral Vessel Disease. In: ... Alleviates Cerebrovascular and Synaptic Function Deficits in a Diet-Based Mouse Model of Small Cerebral Vessel Disease. / ... Alleviates Cerebrovascular and Synaptic Function Deficits in a Diet-Based Mouse Model of Small Cerebral Vessel Disease. Journal ... Alleviates Cerebrovascular and Synaptic Function Deficits in a Diet-Based Mouse Model of Small Cerebral Vessel Disease. Journal ...
The role of the fibrinolytic system laboratory markers in the assessment of the cerebral small vessel disease severity - PDF ( ... The role of the fibrinolytic system laboratory markers in the assessment of the cerebral small vessel disease severity , PDF ...
  • The prevalence of incident infarcts was 6.1 percent, incident cerebral microbleeds was 5.5 percent, progression of periventricular white matter hyperintensities was 22 percent, and progression of deep white matter hyperintensities was 48 percent, considering the progression of cSVD. (uwinhealth.com)
  • We used quantile regression and logistic regression to evaluate the associations of ALP with white matter hyperintensities (WMH), cerebral infarct and cerebral microbleeds. (korea.ac.kr)
  • No association was found between ALP and cerebral microbleeds. (korea.ac.kr)
  • Conclusion: We found that higher serum levels of ALP are independently associated with WMH and cerebral infarct, but not with cerebral microbleeds. (korea.ac.kr)
  • Currently, the Standards for Reporting Vascular changes on Neuroimaging criteria is widely applied to evaluate structural features seen on MRI, including recent small subcortical infarcts, lacunes, white matter hyperintensities, enlarged perivascular spaces, microbleeds and brain atrophy. (bmj.com)
  • CSVD imaging markers, including lacunes, cerebral microbleeds, white matter hyperintensity, enlarged perivascular space and brain parenchymal fraction (BPF) were also assessed. (bvsalud.org)
  • 3.0 T MRI was used to assess cSVD burden by combining four MRI markers including white matter hyperintensities (WMHs), cerebral microbleeds (CMBs), perivascular spaces (PVS), and lacunes. (qxmd.com)
  • MRI scans were performed within 7 days of stroke onset, and then neuroimaging markers of SVD including WMH, lacunes, cerebral microbleeds (CMB), and perivascular spaces (PVS), SVD burden scores were assessed. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Subclinical brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings of presumed vascular origin, such as white matter hyperintensities, and those that have the appearance of infarcts, microbleeds, and microinfarcts are frequently observed in Alzheimer's Disease (AD) and Alzheimer's Disease-Related Dementia (ADRD) patients, as well as seemingly healthy older adults. (nih.gov)
  • Cerebral microbleeds (CMB) on MRI are frequent in healthy aging individuals but precede ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke and dementia. (lu.se)
  • Cerebral microbleeds (CMBs) are frequently found in the healthy elderly. (dovepress.com)
  • The prevalence of cerebral microbleeds is similar to other countries. (dovepress.com)
  • Cerebral microbleeds (CMBs) are 2-10mm, rounded or circular, well-defined hypointense lesions on gradient-echo T2*-weighted images (GRE T2*WI) or susceptibility-weighted images (SWI) of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). (dovepress.com)
  • A possible mechanism linking intracranial arteriosclerosis to cognitive impairment and dementia involves structural brain changes including cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD). (eur.nl)
  • Joan Jiménez-Balado, from the Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona in Spain, and colleagues used data from a longitudinal population-based study on hypertensive patients aged 50 to 70 years to examine how changes in cerebral small vessel disease (cSVD) lesions relate to cognitive decline. (uwinhealth.com)
  • However, cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) accounts for about 50%-70% of VCI, which represented a more homogeneous subtype of VCI. (bmj.com)
  • The term cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) encompasses all the pathological processes that affect the small vessels of the brain, including small arteries and arterioles, and capillaries and small veins. (bmj.com)
  • 1 2 Arteriolosclerosis (age-related or vascular risk-factor-related small vessel diseases) is sporadic and the most prevalent form of CSVD. (bmj.com)
  • 3 4 CSVD has been proved as a slowly progressing disease that destroyed frontal-subcortical networks, leading to various frontal symptoms, especially the decreased executive and memory function with relatively reserved recognition. (bmj.com)
  • 6 Furthermore, small vessels cannot be visualised in vivo and the pathological evidence of CSVD is also limited. (bmj.com)
  • Common cerebral small vessel disease (cSVD) abnormalities are a common neuroradiological finding, especially in the elderly. (unipi.it)
  • Cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) is a clinical imaging syndrome with diverse etiology . (bvsalud.org)
  • This study is aimed at investigating the association between the twenty-four-hour ambulatory blood pressure variability monitoring (ABPM) and cerebral small vessel disease (cSVD) burden in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients. (qxmd.com)
  • MRI was performed at 3Tesla and cardiovascular risk factors (eg, age, smoking history, and hypertension), cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) markers (eg, white matter hyperintensities, lacunar infarction, and enlarged perivascular space) and genetic information (eg, APOE, CR1) were recorded. (dovepress.com)
  • 1 As one feature of cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD), CMBs were found to have a close association with ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke, dementia, or even mortality. (dovepress.com)
  • BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The causes of recurrent ischemic stroke despite anticoagulation for atrial fibrillation are uncertain but might include small vessel occlusion. (ucl.ac.uk)
  • We investigated whether magnetic resonance imaging markers of cerebral small vessel disease (SVD) are associated with ischemic stroke risk during follow-up in patients anticoagulated for atrial fibrillation after recent ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack. (ucl.ac.uk)
  • 75, diabetes, stroke, vascular disease, age 65-74, female score. (ucl.ac.uk)
  • This study aimed to determine the association between SLE and features on neuroimaging of cerebral small vessel disease (SVD), a risk factor for stroke. (dundee.ac.uk)
  • In people with COL4A1 -related brain small-vessel disease, the vasculature in the brain weakens, which can lead to blood vessel breakage and stroke . (medlineplus.gov)
  • Cerebral small vessel disease is a leading cause of stroke and a major contributor to cognitive decline and dementia, but our understanding of specific genes underlying the cause of sporadic cerebral small vessel disease is limited. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Mendelian randomization supports the causal association of extensive small vessel disease severity with increased risk of stroke and Alzheimer's disease. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Sporadic human cerebral small vessel disease (SVD) commonly causes stroke & dementia but its pathogenesis is poorly understood. (ed.ac.uk)
  • Association between Twenty-Four-Hour Ambulatory Blood Pressure Variability and Cerebral Small Vessel Disease Burden in Acute Ischemic Stroke. (qxmd.com)
  • Rationale: The pathophysiology of most lacunar stroke, a form of small vessel disease (SVD), is thought to differ from large artery atherothrombo- or cardio-embolic stroke. (ed.ac.uk)
  • Genetic predisposition to higher HDL-C levels was associated with lower risk of small vessel stroke [odds ratio (OR) per standard deviation = 0.85, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.78-0.92] and lower WMH volume (β = -0.07, 95% CI = -0.12 to -0.02), which in multivariable Mendelian randomization remained stable after adjustments for LDL-C and triglycerides. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Association estimates for intracerebral haemorrhage were negatively correlated with those for small vessel stroke and WMH volume across all lipid traits and lipoprotein particle components. (ox.ac.uk)
  • HDL-C raising genetic variants in the gene locus of the target of CETP inhibitors were associated with lower risk of small vessel stroke (OR: 0.82, 95% CI = 0.75-0.89) and lower WMH volume (β = -0.08, 95% CI = -0.13 to -0.02), but a higher risk of intracerebral haemorrhage (OR: 1.64, 95% CI = 1.26-2.13). (ox.ac.uk)
  • Genetic predisposition to higher HDL-C, specifically to cholesterol in medium-sized high-density lipoprotein particles, is associated with both a lower risk of small vessel stroke and lower WMH volume. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Despite being a relatively common disease, the precise molecular mechanisms for the onset of ischemic stroke (IS) are still incompletely understood, with both environmental and genetic factors being implicated in this disease in a complex manner. (hindawi.com)
  • We conducted a retrospective review of patients diagnosed with definite supratentorial recent small subcortical infarcts according to the ASCO classification with baseline and follow-up MRI (≥90 days of stroke onset). (frontiersin.org)
  • Presently, diabetes can neither be prevented nor cured and the disease is associated with devastating chronic complications including coronary heart disease and stroke (macrovascular disease) as well as microvascular disorders leading to damage of the small blood vessels of the kidney (nephropathy), eye (retinopathy) and peripheral nerves (neuropathy). (lu.se)
  • White matter hyperintensities (WMH) are the most common brain-imaging feature of cerebral small vessel disease (SVD), hypertension being the main known risk factor. (synergy-munich.de)
  • Hypertension and cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) are the most common causes of primary ICH, but the mechanism of hemorrhage in both conditions is unclear. (nature.com)
  • CBAs were rare and predominantly seen in elderly individuals, many of whom had multiple systemic and cerebrovascular comorbidities including hypertension, myocardial and cerebral infarcts, and CAA. (nature.com)
  • In primary ICH, hypertension is thought to be the underlying cause in 65% of cases, followed by cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA). (nature.com)
  • However, it remains under-explored whether plasma Aβ levels including novel Aβ1-38 relate to vascular brain disease and cognition in a preclinical-phase of dementiaObjective:To examine the association of plasma Aβ levels (i.e. (ox.ac.uk)
  • In contrast there were no significant differences in individual MRI markers including DTI histogram metrics, brain volume or white matter hyperintensities.Discussion:Brain network analysis may be a sensitive surrogate marker in trials in small vessel disease. (ox.ac.uk)
  • public-odp.nihr.ac.uk/QvAJAXZfc/opendoc.htm?document=crncc_users%5Cfind%20a%20clinical%20research%20study.qvw&lang=en-US&host=QVS%40crn-prod-odp-pu&anonymous=true)Classification of Evidence:This study provides Class II evidence that intensive BP lowering in patients with small vessel disease results in improved brain network function when assessed by DTI based brain network metrics. (ox.ac.uk)
  • FDD patients also have extensive brain atrophy, particularly in the cerebellum, cerebral cortex, and white matter, as well as very thin and virtually demyelinated cranial nerves. (wikipedia.org)
  • Surprisingly, a detailed anti-Aβ immunohistochemical survey of various brain areas from all available FDD autopsy cases clearly identified a co-deposited with ADan primarily in vascular and perivascular amyloid lesions, although co-deposition was also found on a smaller scale in parenchymal preamyloid deposits. (wikipedia.org)
  • COL4A1 -related brain small-vessel disease is part of a group of conditions called the COL4A1 -related disorders. (medlineplus.gov)
  • COL4A1 -related brain small-vessel disease is characterized by weakening of the blood vessels in the brain. (medlineplus.gov)
  • People with COL4A1 -related brain small vessel disease also have leukoencephalopathy, which is a change in a type of brain tissue called white matter that can be seen with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). (medlineplus.gov)
  • Some people with COL4A1 -related brain small-vessel disease have an eye abnormality called Axenfeld-Rieger anomaly. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Some individuals with COL4A1 -related brain small-vessel disease do not have any signs or symptoms of the condition. (medlineplus.gov)
  • COL4A1 -related brain small-vessel disease is a rare condition, although the exact prevalence is unknown. (medlineplus.gov)
  • As the name suggests, mutations in the COL4A1 gene cause COL4A1 -related brain small vessel disease. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The COL4A1 gene mutations that cause COL4A1 -related brain small-vessel disease result in the production of a protein that disrupts the structure of type IV collagen. (medlineplus.gov)
  • We observed substantial brain pathology in SARS-CoV-2-infected dogs, particularly involving blood-brain barrier damage resembling small vessel disease, including changes in tight junction proteins, reduced laminin levels, and decreased pericyte coverage. (cdc.gov)
  • Combined evidence from summary-based Mendelian randomization studies and profiling of human loss-of-function allele carriers showed an inverse relation between TRIM47 expression in the brain and blood vessels and extensive small vessel disease severity. (ox.ac.uk)
  • We observed significant enrichment of Trim47 in isolated brain vessel preparations compared to total brain fraction in mice, in line with the literature showing Trim47 enrichment in brain endothelial cells at single cell level. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Functional evaluation of TRIM47 by small interfering RNAs-mediated knockdown in human brain endothelial cells showed increased endothelial permeability, an important hallmark of cerebral small vessel disease pathology. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Association of cerebral small vessel disease burden with brain structure and cognitive and vascular risk trajectories in mid-to-late life. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Despite the frequency of subclinical brain imaging findings of presumed vascular origin, little is known about how they relate to cerebrovascular and other brain pathologies either during life or postmortem. (nih.gov)
  • More recently, GAS5 inhibition was recognized as a modern therapeutic approach for ischemic brain damage due to its capability to reduce the neuronal apoptosis, abate the size of cerebral infarction, and improve neurological deficit [ 9 , 10 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • A severemalaria syndrome in which infected red blood cells obstruct blood circulation in the small blood vessels in the brain and/or release cytokines that disrupt normal brain function. (cdc.gov)
  • THURSDAY, Sept. 28, 2023 (HealthDay News) -- Being exposed to more estrogen throughout life -- or a longer reproductive life span -- may be good for the brain, according to new research that found a lower risk of cerebral small vessel disease in women who had more cumulative exposure. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Cerebral small vessel disease happens from damage to small blood vessels in the brain. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Researchers also gave them brain scans to look for cerebral small vessel disease by estimating white matter hyperintensities, which indicate injury to the brain's white matter. (msdmanuals.com)
  • The American Brain Foundation has more on cerebral small vessel disease . (msdmanuals.com)
  • Cerebral edema and deposition of calcium oxalate crystals in the walls of small blood vessels in the brain contribute to this CNS toxicity (Bey et al. (cdc.gov)
  • We included 50 patients with sporadic and 59 patients with genetically defined SVD (cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy [CADASIL]) with cognitive testing and standardized 3T MRI, including multi-shell diffusion imaging. (nih.gov)
  • The detection of short-term disease progression was assessed by linear mixed models in 49 patients with sporadic SVD with longitudinal high-frequency imaging (in total 459 MRIs). (nih.gov)
  • In a cohort of 54 patients with sporadic cerebral small vessel disease, associations between diffusion MRI measures and processing speed were investigated both at low and high b-values, revealing complementary microstructural information. (ismrm.org)
  • We report a genome-wide association study and a whole-exome association study on a composite extreme phenotype of cerebral small vessel disease derived from its most common MRI features: white matter hyperintensities and lacunes. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Lacunes may be confused with other empty spaces, such as enlarged perivascular (Virchow-Robbins) spaces, in which the specific small-vessel pathology is occasionally absent. (medscape.com)
  • Lacunes are defined as small round or oval subcortical lesions with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) isointense cavity on MRI ( 5 - 7 ), and often regarded as the consequence of previous recent small subcortical infarcts, so-called lacunar infarcts. (frontiersin.org)
  • 2023 Chronic kidney disease Chronic inflammation Glomerular filtration rate Oxidative stress Gut microbiota Immune system Dialysis Physical activity. (karger.com)
  • White matter lesions (WML) are important markers for not only the small vessel disease, but also neuro-degenerative diseases including multiple sclerosis, AlzheimerAC/a,!a,,C/s disease and vascular dementia. (diagnijmegen.nl)
  • Familial Danish Dementia is an extremely rare, neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive cataracts, loss of hearing, cerebellar ataxia, paranoid psychosis, and dementia. (wikipedia.org)
  • FDD is one of the two types of hereditary, cerebral amyloid angiopathy, alongside familial British dementia. (wikipedia.org)
  • Healio (2/2, Gramigna) reports, "Severe cerebral small vessel disease, a common cause of vascular dementia, may be linked to apathy, fatigue and delirium," investigators concluded in an 81-study systematic review and meta-analysis that included 21,730 participants. (fuquacenter.org)
  • Preventing Cognitive Decline and Dementia from Cerebral Small Vessel Disease: The LACI-1 Trial. (ed.ac.uk)
  • Dive into the research topics of 'Preventing Cognitive Decline and Dementia from Cerebral Small Vessel Disease: The LACI-1 Trial. (ed.ac.uk)
  • The purpose of this Alzheimer's Disease-Related Dementia (ADRD) initiative is to promote the development and distribution of innovative technologies, methods, protocols, and biomedical materials that enhance combined human neuropathology and neuroimaging research with data aimed at understanding the underlying pathophysiology of in vivo imaging results typically associated with vascular contributions to cognitive impairment and dementia (VCID) in TBI-related dementia and other ADRD diagnoses. (nih.gov)
  • Described by Joutel et al , 3 cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL) is a Mendelian form of hereditary small-vessel disease and vascular dementia. (bmj.com)
  • Seventeen population-based cohorts of older persons with MRI measurements and genome-wide genotyping (n = 41 326), whole-exome sequencing (n = 15 965), or exome chip (n = 5249) data contributed 13 776 and 7079 extreme small vessel disease samples for the genome-wide association study and whole-exome association study, respectively. (ox.ac.uk)
  • The genome-wide association study identified significant association of common variants in 11 loci with extreme small vessel disease, of which the chr12q24.11 locus was not previously reported to be associated with any MRI marker of cerebral small vessel disease. (ox.ac.uk)
  • He found that most symptomatic lacunar strokes are due to the occlusion of penetrating arteries of 200-800 μm in diameter, whereas those with smaller-diameter penetrating artery infarcts tended to be asymptomatic. (medscape.com)
  • Morphological changes of recent small subcortical infarcts are not well defined. (frontiersin.org)
  • More than one-third of recent small subcortical infarcts do not lead to cavity formation and 40% of infarct lesions overlap with WMHs. (frontiersin.org)
  • Our data indicate the continuity between recent small subcortical infarcts and WMHs. (frontiersin.org)
  • In this study, we examined the long-term evolution of recent small subcortical infarcts by using MRI and identified the incidence of cavity formation, the infarct volume and diameter reduction, and the positional relationship between infarct lesions and WMHs. (frontiersin.org)
  • With respect to SVD we conjecture that small lesions are important, as they have been observed to grow over time and they form the majority of lesions in number. (diagnijmegen.nl)
  • To study these small lesions they need to be annotated, which is a complex and time-consuming task. (diagnijmegen.nl)
  • Existing (semi)automatic methods have been aimed at volumetric measurements and large lesions, and are not suitable for the detection of small lesions. (diagnijmegen.nl)
  • A number of features that were found to be well identifying small lesions were calculated including multimodal intensities, tissue probabilities, several features for accurate location description, a number of second order derivative features as well as multi-scale annular filter for blobness detection. (diagnijmegen.nl)
  • Only small lesions were used to learn the target concept via Adaboost using random forests as its basic classifiers. (diagnijmegen.nl)
  • FDD shares similar neuropathological characteristics with Alzheimer disease, including extensive cerebrovascular amyloidosis, parenchymal amyloid and preamyloid lesions, and neurofibrillary degeneration. (wikipedia.org)
  • In the past decade, white matter lesions in the sense of cerebral microangiopathy have been identified as an important factor in gait disturbance and falls. (thieme-connect.com)
  • The advent of disease-modifying medications appears to have significantly altered the course of MS. The administration of disease-modifying medications in the clinically isolated syndrome has been repeatedly demonstrated to delay the progression to clinically definite MS. [ 2 , 3 ] Not only may this therapy decrease relapse rates and new MRI lesions, but it may also reduce the development of confirmed disability. (medscape.com)
  • Cerebral small vascular disease (SVD) is an imaging, pathological and clinical syndrome caused by intracranial small vessel disease [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Flow velocity and pulsatility index were measured in the middle cerebral, basilar and intracranial internal carotid arteries of a sample of 141 diabetic patients with no other risk factors, and 132 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. (who.int)
  • Blood lipids are causally involved in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, but their role in cerebral small vessel disease remains largely elusive. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Angiotensinogen polymorphism M235T, carotid atherosclerosis, and small-vessel disease-related cerebral abnormalities. (cdc.gov)
  • Plasma Amyloid-β Levels, Cerebral Small Vessel Disease, and Cognition: The Rotterdam Study. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Cerebral amyloid angiopathy in this disorder is severe. (wikipedia.org)
  • Histopathologically FDD was characterized by severe cerebral amyloid angiopathy with neurofibrillary tangle deposition in the limbic system and the neocortex. (wikipedia.org)
  • Many studies suggested that deep CMBs may relate to hypertensive small vessel disease (HTN-SVD) and strictly lobar CMBs for cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA), 1 but the risk factors of CMBs are not entirely clear. (dovepress.com)
  • Aβ1-38, Aβ1-40, and Aβ1-42) with markers of cerebral small vessel disease (SVD) and cognition in a large population-based setting. (ox.ac.uk)
  • CONCLUSION: Higher plasma levels of Aβ levels are associated with subclinical markers of vascular disease and poorer memory. (ox.ac.uk)
  • In particular, the lncRNA growth arrest-specific 5 (GAS5) was found upregulated in both middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) rat models as well as in vitro cell models [ 9 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Total homocysteine (HCY) level might increase the risk of myocardial and cerebral infarction by damaging the vascular endothelium . (bvsalud.org)
  • The deep penetrating arteries are small, nonbranching end arteries (usually smaller than 500 μm in diameter), which arise directly from much larger arteries (eg, the middle cerebral artery, anterior choroidal artery, anterior cerebral artery, posterior cerebral artery, posterior communicating artery, cerebellar arteries, basilar artery). (medscape.com)
  • How should we be using biomarkers in trials of disease modification in Parkinson's disease? (medscape.com)
  • Cerebral circulation, cognition and behavior. (helsinki.fi)
  • Previous research has shown that rates of cerebrovascular disease increase after menopause, which is often attributed to the absence of hormones," said study author Kevin Whittingstall , of the University of Sherbrooke in Quebec. (msdmanuals.com)
  • about 25% of strokes are classified as small vessel, and SVD is the most common cause of vascular cognitive impairment. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Correlation between total homocysteine and cerebral small vessel disease: A Mendelian randomization study. (bvsalud.org)
  • Considering the number of patients infected with SARS-CoV-2, the neurologic signs can lead to a potential wave of neurodegenerative diseases, which could pose an immense burden on society. (cdc.gov)
  • WMH and SVD burden may signify a diminished capacity of cerebral tissue to withstand ischemia. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Aβ1-40 and Aβ1-42 have been linked with risk of Alzheimer's disease. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Together, the results demonstrate that aberrant astrocyte signaling can impair the major functional properties of the neurovascular unit (i.e., cerebral vessel regulation and synaptic regulation) and may therefore represent a promising drug target for treating VCID and possibly Alzheimer's disease and other related dementias. (uky.edu)
  • and the Sylvia Mansbach Endowment for Alzheimer's Disease Research. (uky.edu)
  • Restoring neuronal chloride extrusion reverses cognitive decline linked to Alzheimer's disease mutations. (medscape.com)
  • The potential of blood neurofilament light as a marker of neurodegeneration for Alzheimer's disease. (medscape.com)
  • Under the 2011 National Alzheimer's Projects Act (NAPA), the first goal of the National Plan to Address Alzheimer's Disease is to prevent and effectively treat ADRDs by 2025. (nih.gov)
  • Different cognitive profiles between mild cognitive impairment due to cerebral small vessel disease and mild cognitive impairment of Alzheimer's disease origin. (bvsalud.org)
  • We included only the patients with the presence of a highly likely ASCO phenotype S (for small vessel disease) graded 1 or 2 ( 12 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Investigating cortico-striatal beta oscillations in Parkinson's disease cognitive decline. (medscape.com)
  • The terminology of the standards for reporting vascular changes on neuroimaging (STRIVE) ( 7 ) was used to describe the features of small vessel disease. (frontiersin.org)
  • CBAs may not be a significant cause of ICH but are a manifestation of severe cerebral small vessel disease including both hypertensive arteriopathy and CAA. (nature.com)
  • The present review throws light on clinical presentations, makes a suggestion for classification, and describes relevant diagnostic and possible therapeutic strategies for gait disturbances and falls in elderly patients with cerebral microangiopathy. (thieme-connect.com)
  • Cerebral small vessel disease (SVD) is a major health problem, with estimated 250,000 persons in Finland with severe white matter changes. (helsinki.fi)
  • This review summarizes the physiological and pathological roles of alpha-synuclein and its implication in Parkinson's disease pathogenesis. (medscape.com)
  • This paper examines a hallmark symptom of Parkinson's disease, bradykinesia, aiming to elucidate its underlying causes, and emphasizing abnormal behavioral computations mediating motor impairment. (medscape.com)
  • Might dopamine release deficits prior to neurodegeneration be a pathophysiological hallmark of Parkinson's disease? (medscape.com)
  • The non-specific lethal complex regulates genes and pathways genetically linked to Parkinson's disease. (medscape.com)
  • PTPA variants and the risk for Parkinson's disease in diverse ancestry populations. (medscape.com)
  • Adult-onset neuronal intranuclear inclusion disease mimicking Parkinson's disease in a Chinese patient: a case report and literature reviews. (nel.edu)
  • Wang Z, Guo J, Wang M, Wang Z, Hong D, Yu X. Adult-onset neuronal intranuclear inclusion disease mimicking Parkinson's disease in a Chinese patient: a case report and literature reviews. (nel.edu)
  • The benefits and mechanisms of exercise training for Parkinson's disease. (nih.gov)
  • Autophagy-related 16-like 1gene polymorphism, risk factors for cardiovascular disease and associated carotid intima-media thickness in postmenopausal women. (cdc.gov)
  • Carotid artery disease in NIDDM diabetes. (who.int)
  • Because these frequency figures are largely based on findings from renal studies, they may not reflect the distribution of FMD types in carotid disease. (medscape.com)
  • Overall, our comprehensive gene-mapping study and preliminary functional evaluation suggests a putative role of TRIM47 in the pathophysiology of cerebral small vessel disease, making it an important candidate for extensive in vivo explorations and future translational work. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Genetic determinants of blood lipids and cerebral small vessel disease: role of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Here, we explored associations of genetic determinants of blood lipid levels, lipoprotein particle components, and targets for lipid-modifying drugs with small vessel disease phenotypes. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Genetic topography and cortical cell loss in Huntington's disease link development and neurodegeneration. (medscape.com)
  • The total SVD score was not associated with SLE activity, cognition, disease duration, or any blood measure. (dundee.ac.uk)
  • The conditions in this group have a range of signs and symptoms that involve fragile blood vessels . (medlineplus.gov)
  • Similar blood vessel weakness and breakage occurs in the eyes of some affected individuals. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Accumulation of granular osmiophilic material within the tunica media is pathophysiologically characteristic of CADASIL, ultimately leading to luminal stenosis in long penetrating arteries supplying subcortical white matter with consequent and expected reduction in cerebral blood flow. (bmj.com)
  • Cerebral blood flow in diabetes mellitus: evi- tions , 1996, 10:228-242. (who.int)
  • Platelets stop bleeding by clumping and forming plugs in blood vessel injuries. (cdc.gov)
  • Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism. (lu.se)
  • a journal of cerebral circulation 2005 May 36 (5): 944-8. (cdc.gov)
  • a journal of cerebral circulation 2007 Aug 38 (8): 2247-53. (cdc.gov)
  • Furthermore, we detected phosphorylated tau, a marker of neurodegenerative disease, indicating a potential link between SARS-CoV-2-associated small vessel disease and neurodegeneration. (cdc.gov)
  • Phase contrast image showing atherosclerotic plaque formation (white dense area) at the bifurcation of a cerebral artery from ApoE KO mouse. (lu.se)
  • Another study suggests that by using a gene expression profile, small deep infarct (SDI) differences between lacunar and nonlacunar strokes can be distinguished. (medscape.com)
  • Several metrics from DTI and DKI performed similarly in detecting disease progression. (nih.gov)
  • Objective: To investigate the temporal dynamics of cerebral small vessel disease (SVD) by 3 consecutive assessments over a period of 9 years, distinguishing progression from regression. (utwente.nl)
  • Repeated studies have convincingly demonstrated that early treatment is critical in decreasing the rate of disease progression and, therefore, establishing the diagnosis in a timely fashion and initiating treatment is imperative. (medscape.com)
  • Wang C, Gao J, Li M, Qi H, Zhao T, Zhang B, Zhou C, Fang S. Association of cognitive impairment and mood disorder with event-related potential P300 in patients with cerebral small vessel diseases Neuro Endocrinol Lett. (nel.edu)
  • We used the ASCO classification ( 12 ) in order to select the patients with definite recent small subcortical infarct. (frontiersin.org)
  • Among these, 984 patients were clinically diagnosed with definite or possible supratentorial recent small subcortical infarct. (frontiersin.org)
  • Using this approach, we identified 537 patients with definite supratentorial recent small subcortical infarct as reported previously ( 13 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • This study assessed its validity in determining cerebral small vessel disease in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. (who.int)
  • Transcranial doppler may be useful in early diagnosis of cerebral small vessel disease in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. (who.int)
  • La vitesse d'écoulement du flux sanguin et l'index de pulsatilité ont été mesurés dans les artères carotides internes intercrâniennes, les artères basilaires et cérébrales moyennes d'un échantillon de 141 patients diabétiques sans autre facteur de risque et de 132 témoins en bonne santé appariés pour l'âge et le sexe. (who.int)
  • Les patients ont été répartis en deux groupes : 73 patients souffrant d'un diabète compliqué dans le premier groupe et 68 patients atteints d'un diabète non compliqué dans le deuxième groupe. (who.int)
  • On the other hand, the availability of increasingly effective treatments for MS that are associated with greater risk and the potential for their earlier administration in the course of the disease raises the risk of serious harm being done to patients who have been misdiagnosed. (medscape.com)
  • Le présent article décrit les manifestations cliniques, le diagnostic et la prise en charge de la schistosomiase médullaire chez cinq patients admis dans les hôpitaux Shaab et Ibn Khaldoun de Khartoum entre 1997 et 2007. (who.int)