Chlamydiaceae
Chlamydiales
Chlamydia
Emended description of the order Chlamydiales, proposal of Parachlamydiaceae fam. nov. and Simkaniaceae fam. nov., each containing one monotypic genus, revised taxonomy of the family Chlamydiaceae, including a new genus and five new species, and standards for the identification of organisms. (1/25)
The current taxonomic classification of Chlamydia is based on limited phenotypic, morphologic and genetic criteria. This classification does not take into account recent analysis of the ribosomal operon or recently identified obligately intracellular organisms that have a chlamydia-like developmental cycle of replication. Neither does it provide a systematic rationale for identifying new strains. In this study, phylogenetic analyses of the 16S and 23S rRNA genes are presented with corroborating genetic and phenotypic information to show that the order Chlamydiales contains at least four distinct groups at the family level and that within the Chlamydiaceae are two distinct lineages which branch into nine separate clusters. In this report a reclassification of the order Chlamydiales and its current taxa is proposed. This proposal retains currently known strains with > 90% 16S rRNA identity in the family Chlamydiaceae and separates other chlamydia-like organisms that have 80-90% 16S rRNA relatedness to the Chlamydiaceae into new families. Chlamydiae that were previously described as 'Candidatus Parachlamydia acanthamoebae' Amann, Springer, Schonhuber, Ludwig, Schmid, Muller and Michel 1997, become members of Parachlamydiaceae fam. nov., Parachlamydia acanthamoebae gen. nov., sp. now. 'Simkania' strain Z becomes the founding member of Simkaniaceae fam. nov., Simkania negevensis gen. nov., sp. nov. The fourth group, which includes strain WSU 86-1044, was left unnamed. The Chlamydiaceae, which currently has only the genus Chlamydia, is divided into two genera, Chlamydia and Chlamydophila gen. nov. Two new species, Chlamydia muridarum sp. nov. and Chlamydia suis sp. nov., join Chlamydia trachomatis in the emended genus Chlamydia. Chlamydophila gen. nov. assimilates the current species, Chlamydia pecorum, Chlamydia pneumoniae and Chlamydia psittaci, to form Chlamydophila pecorum comb. nov., Chlamydophila pneumoniae comb. nov. and Chlamydophila psittaci comb. nov. Three new Chlamydophila species are derived from Chlamydia psittaci: Chlamydophila abortus gen. nov., sp. nov., Chlamydophila caviae gen. nov., sp. nov. and Chlamydophila felis gen. nov., sp. nov. Emended descriptions for the order Chlamydiales and for the family Chlamydiaceae are provided. These families, genera and species are readily distinguished by analysis of signature sequences in the 16S and 23S ribosomal genes. (+info)Identification of nine species of the Chlamydiaceae using PCR-RFLP. (2/25)
The family Chlamydiaceae contains two genera and nine species. Rapid and easy identification of these species is essential for taxonomic, epidemiological and clinical determinations. Currently, DNA sequence analysis is the only accepted method that decisively distinguishes all nine species. In this study, a simple and rapid PCR-RFLP procedure was developed by which laboratory-cultured chlamydial specimens could be identified. To accomplish this, conserved oligonucleotide primers and restriction sites were deduced from 16S and 23S rRNA sequence data from > 50 chlamydial strains representing all nine species. DNA from 25 previously characterized chlamydial strains were tested with these primers and restriction enzymes. All nine chlamydial species were reliably distinguished in the tests. The procedure was optimized by adjusting the annealing temperature using both a standard and a heat-activated DNA polymerase to reduce mismatch PCR amplification of mycoplasmas and other bacteria. The result was that a PCR method for species identification of chlamydial isolates and for distinguishing mycoplasmas and chlamydiae was created. This method can be used to rapidly identify known species of the family Chlamydiaceae. (+info)Simkania negevensis strain ZT: growth, antigenic and genome characteristics. (3/25)
Simkania negevensis is the type species of Simkaniaceae, a recently proposed family in the order Chlamydiales. In the current study, growth, antigenic and genomic characteristics of this intracellular bacterium were investigated and compared to those of members of the family Chlamydiaceae. Growth of the organism, as assessed by infectivity assays, reached a plateau in 2-3 d although by light microscopy the cytopathic effect on the host cells increased for 12 or more days after infection. S. negevensis growth was unaffected by sulfadiazine. Cells infected by S. negevensis strain ZT were not recognized by either of two monoclonal antibodies specific for Chlamydiaceae LPS and several specific Chlamydiaceae ompA primers were unable to PCR amplify a S. negevensis gene. The S. negevensis genome contained one copy of the ribosomal operon. The genome size of S. negevensis strain ZT was determined by PFGE to be 1.7 Mbp, and the G + C content was 42.5 mol%. These data, taken together with other published data, are consistent with the proposal that S. negevensis belongs to a distinct family in the order Chlamydiales. (+info)Chlamydophila abortus in a Brown skua (Catharacta antarctica lonnbergi) from a subantarctic island. (4/25)
On Bird Island, South Georgia, a new strain of Chlamydophila abortus was detected in one Brown skua out of 37 specimens from six different seabird species. Phylogenetic analysis of the rnpB and omp1 genes indicated the strain to be more closely related to C. abortus than to 6BC, the type strain of Chlamydophila psittaci. (+info)Molecular evolution of the Chlamydiaceae. (5/25)
Phylogenetic analyses of surface antigens and other chlamydial proteins were used to reconstruct the evolution of the Chlamydiaceae. Trees for all five coding genes [the major outer-membrane protein (MOMP), GroEL chaperonin, KDO-transferase, small cysteine-rich lipoprotein and 60 kDa cysteine-rich protein] supported the current organization of the family Chlamydiaceae, which is based on ribosomal, biochemical, serological, ecological and DNA-DNA hybridization data. Genetic distances between some species were quite large, so phylogenies were evaluated for robustness by comparing analyses of both nucleotide and protein sequences using a variety of algorithms (neighbour-joining, maximum-likelihood, maximum-parsimony with bootstrapping, and quartet puzzling). Saturation plots identified areas of the trees in which factors other than relatedness may have determined branch attachments. All nine species were clearly differentiated by distinctness ratios calculated for each gene. The distribution of virulence traits such as host and tissue tropism were mapped onto the consensus phylogeny. Closely related species were no more likely to share virulence characters than were more distantly related species. This phylogenetically disjunct distribution of virulence traits could not be explained by lateral transfer of the genes we studied, since we found no evidence for lateral gene transfer above the species level. One interpretation of this observation is that when chlamydiae gain access to a new niche, such as a new host or tissue, significant adaptation ensues and the virulence phenotype of the new species reflects adaptation to its environment more strongly than it reflects its ancestry. (+info)Chlamydia species as a cause of community-acquired pneumonia in Canada. (6/25)
Chlamydia pneumoniae has been implicated as a cause of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in several studies. However, there has been no comprehensive study of the role of Chlamydia species (C. pneumoniae, C. psittaci (avian and feline strains) and C. pecorum) as a cause of CAP. The aim of the present study was to determine the role of C. pneumoniae, C. psittaci and C. pecorum as causes of CAP. A prospective cohort observational study of CAP was conducted at 15 teaching centres in eight Canadian provinces between January 1996-October 1997. Acute (n=539) and convalescent (n=272) serum samples were obtained for determination of antibody titres to C. pneumoniae, C. psittaci, C. pecorum, C. trachomatis, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Legionella pneumophila serogroups I-VI, Streptococcus pneumoniae and various respiratory viruses. Twelve of 539 (2.2%) patients had acute C. pneumoniae pneumonia and an additional 32 (5.9%) had possible acute infection. C. pneumoniae was the sole pathogen in 16 of 42 (38.1%) of these patients. The most common copathogens were S. pneumoniae, respiratory syncytial virus and influenza virus type A. C. pneumoniae pneumonia patients were older and more likely to show congestive heart failure compared to bacteraemic S. pneumoniae patients. The latter had a lower mean diastolic blood pressure, a higher white blood cell count and a lower arterial carbon dioxide tension. Two patients had antibody titres suggestive of recent infection with the feline strain of C. psittaci. Although numerically Chlamydia pneumoniae is an important cause of community-acquired pneumonia, no distinctive clinical features associated with this pathogen were detected in the present study. Feline Chlamydia psittaci may cause a few cases of community-acquired pneumonia. Avian Chlamydia psittaci should be considered only if there is a compatible epidemiological history. (+info)DNA vaccination against Chlamydiaceae: current status and perspectives. (7/25)
DNA vaccination (also called genetic vaccination) recently celebrated its ten years of existence. This new method of immunization presents several advantages, including the induction of both humoral and cellular immune responses. This vaccination strategy has been very successful and has served as a basis for numerous experiments that had the aim of resolving parasitic, viral, and bacterial infections. In particular, DNA vaccination has been evaluated against Chlamydiaceae, small obligate intracellular bacteria, that induce many pathologies in humans and animals. Despite promising protective effects obtained in murine and turkey models with genes encoding outer membrane proteins and heat shock proteins, DNA vaccination against Chlamydiaceae must be optimized by further investigations and could benefit from the genomic sequencing in terms of the identification of new antigens. (+info)Exposure to Chlamydia pneumoniae infection and progression of age-related macular degeneration. (8/25)
Recent studies have found an association between exposure to Chlamydia pneumoniae infection and risk of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). To assess a potential risk of AMD progression posed by exposure to C. pneumoniae, the authors reexamined Australian residents in 2001-2002 who were aged 51-89 years with early AMD at baseline (1992-1995). Examination included macular photography and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to determine antibody titers to the elementary bodies from C. pneumoniae AR39. AMD progression was assessed quantitatively, using both coarse and fine progression steps following an international classification for AMD grading, and also qualitatively, by side-by-side comparison of baseline and follow-up macular photographs. Serologic data were available for 246 of 254 (97%) subjects. AMD progression was associated with a higher antibody titer. After adjustment for age, smoking, family history of AMD, history of cardiovascular diseases, and source study, the subjects in the upper tertiles of antibody titers were 2.1 (95% confidence interval: 0.92, 4.69), 2.6 (95% confidence interval: 1.24, 5.41), and 3.0 (95% confidence interval: 1.46, 6.37) times more at risk of progression than those in the lowest tertile, using three definitions of progression, respectively. The fact that seroreactivity to C. pneumoniae was independently associated with the risk of AMD progression suggests that C. pneumoniae infection may be an additional risk factor for AMD progression. (+info)Chlamydiaceae infections are caused by bacteria belonging to the family Chlamydiaceae, including the species Chlamydia trachomatis and Chlamydia pneumoniae. These bacteria can infect various tissues in the human body and cause a range of diseases.
Chlamydia trachomatis is the most common bacterial sexually transmitted infection (STI) worldwide, causing urethritis, cervicitis, pelvic inflammatory disease, epididymitis, and infertility in both men and women. It can also cause ocular and respiratory tract infections, including trachoma, the leading infectious cause of blindness worldwide.
Chlamydia pneumoniae is a common cause of community-acquired pneumonia and bronchitis, as well as pharyngitis, sinusitis, and otitis media. It can also cause chronic respiratory diseases such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
Chlamydia psittaci is a zoonotic pathogen that primarily infects birds but can occasionally cause severe respiratory illness in humans, known as psittacosis or ornithosis.
Diagnosis of Chlamydiaceae infections typically involves nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs) such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays, which can detect the genetic material of the bacteria in clinical samples. Treatment usually involves antibiotics such as azithromycin or doxycycline, which can eliminate the infection and prevent complications. Prevention measures include safe sexual practices, proper hygiene, and avoiding contact with infected animals.
Chlamydiaceae is a family of bacteria that includes several species known to cause diseases in humans and animals. The most well-known member of this family is Chlamydia trachomatis, which is responsible for a range of human illnesses including sexually transmitted infections (STIs) such as chlamydia, urethritis, cervicitis, and pelvic inflammatory disease. It can also cause ocular infections like trachoma, which is the leading infectious cause of blindness worldwide.
Another important member of this family is Chlamydophila pneumoniae, which causes respiratory infections such as community-acquired pneumonia and bronchitis. Additionally, Chlamydophila psittaci can cause psittacosis, a zoonotic disease that humans can acquire from infected birds.
Chlamydiaceae bacteria are obligate intracellular pathogens, meaning they require host cells to survive and replicate. They have a unique biphasic developmental cycle, involving two distinct forms: the elementary body (EB) and the reticulate body (RB). The EB is the infectious form that attaches to and enters host cells, while the RB is the metabolically active form that multiplies within the host cell. Once the RBs have replicated sufficiently, they convert back into EBs, which are then released from the host cell to infect other cells.
Effective antibiotic treatment for Chlamydiaceae infections typically involves macrolides (such as azithromycin) or tetracyclines (such as doxycycline). Prevention strategies include safe sexual practices, proper hygiene, and avoiding contact with infected animals or their secretions.
Chlamydiales is an order of obligate intracellular bacteria that includes several families, including Chlamydiaceae, which contains the genus Chlamydia. This genus includes well-known pathogens such as Chlamydia trachomatis, which can cause a range of diseases in humans, including sexually transmitted infections and eye infections. Other families within Chlamydiales include Parachlamydiaceae, Simkaniaceae, and Waddliaceae, which contain bacteria that can cause respiratory and other infections in animals and humans.
Chlamydiales bacteria are characterized by their unique biphasic developmental cycle, which involves two distinct forms: the elementary body (EB) and the reticulate body (RB). The EB is the infectious form of the bacterium, which can attach to and enter host cells. Once inside the host cell, the EB differentiates into the RB, which replicates within a membrane-bound vacuole called an inclusion. After several rounds of replication, the RBs differentiate back into EBs, which are then released from the host cell to infect other cells.
Chlamydiales infections can be treated with antibiotics such as azithromycin or doxycycline, but accurate diagnosis is important to ensure appropriate treatment and prevent complications.
Chlamydia is a bacterial infection caused by the species Chlamydia trachomatis. It is one of the most common sexually transmitted infections (STIs) worldwide. The bacteria can infect the genital tract, urinary tract, eyes, and rectum. In women, it can also infect the reproductive organs and cause serious complications such as pelvic inflammatory disease, infertility, and ectopic pregnancy.
Chlamydia is often asymptomatic, especially in women, which makes it easy to spread unknowingly. When symptoms do occur, they may include abnormal vaginal or penile discharge, burning sensation during urination, pain during sexual intercourse, and painful testicular swelling in men. Chlamydia can be diagnosed through a variety of tests, including urine tests and swab samples from the infected site.
The infection is easily treated with antibiotics, but if left untreated, it can lead to serious health complications. It's important to get tested regularly for STIs, especially if you are sexually active with multiple partners or have unprotected sex. Prevention methods include using condoms during sexual activity and practicing good personal hygiene.
"Chlamydophila" is a genus of bacteria that includes several species that can cause human diseases. The most well-known species in this genus is "Chlamydophila trachomatis," which is the leading cause of preventable blindness worldwide and can also cause sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Other species in the genus include "Chlamydophila pneumoniae," which can cause respiratory infections, and "Chlamydophila psittaci," which can cause psittacosis, a type of pneumonia that is often associated with exposure to birds.
It's worth noting that the taxonomy of these bacteria has been subject to some debate and revision in recent years. Some experts have proposed reclassifying the genus "Chlamydophila" as a subgroup within the genus "Chlamydia," which would make the species "Chlamydophila trachomatis" become "Chlamydia trachomatis," and so on. However, this proposal has not been universally accepted, and both classifications continue to be used in the scientific literature.
List of MeSH codes (C01)
Koala
Chlamydia pecorum
Chlamydiaceae
Chlamydia (genus)
Atypical bacteria
Chlamydia pneumoniae
List of sequenced bacterial genomes
Chlamydophila
Parachlamydia acanthamoebae
Chlamydia felis
Chlamydiota
Chlamydia abortus
Chlamydia caviae
Waddlia
Chlamydia muridarum
Fiona Brinkman
Zoonotic Chlamydiaceae Species Associated with Trachoma, Nepal - Volume 19, Number 12-December 2013 - Emerging Infectious...
Waddlia, Parachlamydia and Chlamydiaceae in bovine abortion - PubMed
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List of MeSH codes (C01) - Wikipedia
Zoonotic Chlamydiaceae Species Associated with Trachoma, Nepal - Volume 19, Number 12-December 2013 - Emerging Infectious...
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Chlamydia spp
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tetracycline hydrochloride Nursing Considerations & Management - RNpedia
Bacteria11
- Infections with bacteria of the genus CHLAMYDIA. (harvard.edu)
- Subclinical infections with intracellular bacteria of the family Chlamydiaceae cause substantial losses in animal agriculture. (auburn.edu)
- Gonorrhea is a sexually transmitted infection (STI) caused by the gram-negative bacteria Neisseria gonorrhoeae (N. gonorrhoeae). (lecturio.com)
- 15) Which of the following bacteria is responsible for the infection 'psittacosis' that is transmitted from the parrots to humans? (medicalbiochemist.com)
- We have identified a previously uncharacterized protein, CT622, unique to the Chlamydiaceae, in the absence of which most bacteria failed to establish a successful infection. (hal.science)
- Infections with bacteria of the family ANAPLASMATACEAE. (uchicago.edu)
- Infections caused by bacteria that show up as pink (negative) when treated by the gram-staining method. (rush.edu)
- Koalas and humans are not the only species to be infected by members of the Chlamydiaceae family of bacteria. (iflscience.com)
- Members of the genus Chlamydia are obligate intracellular gram-negative bacteria that belong to the family Chlamydiaceae . (thenativeantigencompany.com)
- It is caused by any bacteria belonging to Chlamydiaceae family. (ayurvediccure.com)
- The infection is commonly caused due to bacteria alth. (ayurvediccure.com)
CHLAMYDIALES1
- The genus Chlamydia is classified in the family Chlamydiaceae of the order Chlamydiales. (dergisi.org)
Chlamydiae2
- Outbreaks may be associated with conjunctivitis infection Chlamydiae but there may be other manifestations of diseases such as influenza, Aujeszky's disease and Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome (PRRS), among others. (biomin.net)
- Like other chlamydiae, C. psittaci can also cause asymptomatic infections. (biomedcentral.com)
Chlamydophila4
- Chlamydophila felis was first feline respiratory pathogen to be identified, and was thought to be responsible for most cases of respiratory tract disease, mainly in young animals, because they are particularly susceptible to infection. (vin.com)
- Chlamydophila pneumoniae (formerly known as Chlamydia pneumoniae) causes respiratory infections with a mild course. (athenslab.gr)
- Chlamydophila caviae is the model organism for the study of Chlamydia infections in animals. (up.ac.za)
- Species within the family Chlamydiaceae were previously (1999) divided into two genera Chlamydia and Chlamydophila . (slu.se)
Genus2
- A genus of the family CHLAMYDIACEAE whose species cause a variety of diseases in vertebrates including humans, mice, and swine. (nih.gov)
- Here, we determined the first high-quality draft genome sequence of the fish pathogen "Candidatus Clavichlamydia salmonicola", representing a separate genus within the human and animal pathogenic Chlamydiaceae. (univie.ac.at)
Species8
- Commercial assays do not discriminate among all Chlamydiaceae species that might be involved in trachoma. (cdc.gov)
- We investigated whether a commercial Micro-ArrayTube could discriminate Chlamydiaceae species in DNA extracted directly from conjunctival samples from 101 trachoma patients in Nepal. (cdc.gov)
- Ocular infections were caused by 5 Chlamydiaceae species. (cdc.gov)
- Additional studies of trachoma pathogenesis involving Chlamydiaceae species other than C. trachomatis and their zoonotic origins are needed. (cdc.gov)
- Furthermore, additional species of Chlamydiaceae , namely Chlamydia pneumoniae and C. psittaci , have been implicated in trachomatous disease by our group ( 6 ) and by another independent research group from Paris working in Guinea, Africa ( 7 ). (cdc.gov)
- To eliminate infections with species other than C. trachomatis, longer treatment intervals might be required ( 8 ). (cdc.gov)
- most do not discriminate among species of Chlamydiaceae . (cdc.gov)
- However, where most humans with the Chlamydia trachomatis bacterium are asymptomatic, koalas routinely suffer blindness, painful cysts and infertility, along with urinary tract infections that can turn toxic from the two species that affect them . (iflscience.com)
Chlamydia Infections4
- Chlamydia Infections" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) . (harvard.edu)
- This graph shows the total number of publications written about "Chlamydia Infections" by people in Harvard Catalyst Profiles by year, and whether "Chlamydia Infections" was a major or minor topic of these publication. (harvard.edu)
- Below are the most recent publications written about "Chlamydia Infections" by people in Profiles. (harvard.edu)
- Repeat Chlamydia infections in females are common (20-30%) (Hosenfeld et al. (nccid.ca)
Trachoma1
- Chlamydia trachomatis serovars A-C cause eye infections known as trachoma. (thenativeantigencompany.com)
Chlamydial infection3
- Highest prevalence of chlamydial infection has been reported to be between 5 weeks and 6 months in on study (Sykes et al . (vin.com)
- A Real Time-PCR assay targeting 23s rRNA of chlamydial organisms was performed to detect chlamydial infection in clinical specimens. (ac.ir)
- Further studies particularly serologic surveys and other PCR methods are needed to thoroughly evaluate significance of the chlamydial infection in reptiles. (ac.ir)
Asymptomatic infections1
- Clinically, asymptomatic infections are common. (athenslab.gr)
Systemic infection2
- Psittacosis is a systemic infection that frequently causes pneumonia. (dergisi.org)
- Due to its capability of causing systemic infection with acute to chronic course in poultry, pet birds and some mammals, as well as its worldwide dissemination [ 2 ], it is probably the most important veterinary chlamydial pathogen. (biomedcentral.com)
Psittaci3
- The family of Chlamydiaceae comprises 3 pathogens that can infect humans: Chlamydia trachomatis, Chlamydia psittaci, and Chlamydia pneumoniae. (lecturio.com)
- C. psittaci infection primarily affects birds such as parrots, parakeets, doves and pigeons causing the disease psittacosis. (thenativeantigencompany.com)
- In humans, C. psittaci infection causes an acute respiratory disease with flu-like symptoms ( GOV.UK ). (thenativeantigencompany.com)
Respiratory1
- Respiratory infections are probably the most common of all chlamydial infections. (athenslab.gr)
Conjunctivitis1
- 1999). In the early stages of infection, cats develop conjunctivitis with serous ocular discharge and blepharospasm (Hoover et al . (vin.com)
Gram-Negative B3
- Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) . (rush.edu)
- This graph shows the total number of publications written about "Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections" by people in this website by year, and whether "Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections" was a major or minor topic of these publications. (rush.edu)
- Below are the most recent publications written about "Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections" by people in Profiles. (rush.edu)
Family4
- Members of the Chlamydiaceae family are small, non-motile, Gram-negative, obligate intracellular organisms that grow in the host cell cytoplasm. (athenslab.gr)
- 6) Which of the following statements are NOT the distinguishing features of the family Chlamydiaceae ? (medicalbiochemist.com)
- Aerobic, but members of the family Chlamydiaceae have only limited resources to to synthesize their own ATP. (slu.se)
- Members of the family Chlamydiaceae are obligately intracellular. (slu.se)
Genital Tract Infection2
- Is There a Hidden Burden of Disease as a Result of Epigenetic Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition Following Chlamydia trachomatis Genital Tract Infection? (donga.ac.kr)
- However, 70-80% of women with C. trachomatis genital tract infection remain asymptomatic. (thenativeantigencompany.com)
Ocular1
- SAFE refers to Surgery, Antibiotics, Facial cleanliness, and Environmental improvements, specifically, surgery to correct trichiasis (in-turned eyelashes), oral antimicrobial drugs to treat Chlamydia trachomatis infections, facial cleanliness to decrease ocular infections, and environmental improvements such as latrines and wells to provide clean water. (cdc.gov)
Prevalence4
- Prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae infection and associated factors among asymptomatic pregnant women in Botswana. (harvard.edu)
- 1988), the prevalence of Chlamydia infection was higher in males than female cats. (vin.com)
- The aim of this study was to detect and determine the prevalence of Chlamydia infection in pet and zoo reptiles in Tehran, Iran. (ac.ir)
- Screening programs have been demonstrated to reduce both the prevalence of C. trachomatis infection and rates of PID in women (79,80). (cdc.gov)
Trachomatis infection2
- There is evidence that oral treatment of C. trachomatis infection blunts the immune response, increasing the patient's susceptibility to reinfection ( 4 ). (cdc.gov)
- Discrete Plasma Cytokine Profiles Among Pregnant Women in Botswana by Chlamydia trachomatis Infection, Human Immunodeficiency Virus Status, and Gestational Age. (harvard.edu)
Blindness2
- Chlamydia trachomatis is the leading cause of both bacterial sexually transmitted infection and infection-derived blindness world-wide. (plos.org)
- It is estimated that 400 million people suffer from chronic infection (they are carriers) and that it has caused blindness in 6 million. (athenslab.gr)
Organism3
- 1978). Laboratory diagnosis of C. felis infection can be performed using different diagnostic procedures, based on either isolation of the infectious organism, amplification of chlamydial DNA by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), or detection of antibodies by immunofluorescence assay and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). (vin.com)
- Seropositivity for C. feli s, even with high antibody titers, may indicate exposure to the organism, rather than active infection, especially in large cat populations. (vin.com)
- Although nearly 20% of all cancers are caused by an infection of a microbe, the amount of evidence and information regarding the mechanisms associated with oncogenesis varies dramatically from one organism to the next. (scirp.org)
Diagnosis4
- Successful management of Chlamydia relies on timely identification, diagnosis and treatment of infections (5). (nccid.ca)
- Molecular testing for Chlamydia is used for the rapid and highly accurate laboratory diagnosis of all infections caused by these microorganisms. (athenslab.gr)
- 2) Which of the following is a common specimen used for the diagnosis of sexually transmitted chlamydial infections that occur in both men and women? (medicalbiochemist.com)
- 3) What type of methods are important laboratory approaches for the diagnosis of genital Chlamydia spp infections? (medicalbiochemist.com)
Detection1
- A rapid, accurate and cost-effective method was applied for Chlamydiaceae spp detection and discrimination of the most significant Chlamydia spp. (ac.ir)
Gonococcal1
- Although widespread screening is not recommended, targeted screening of young women (i.e., those aged ≤25 years) at increased risk for infection is a primary component of gonorrhea control in the United States because gonococcal infections among women are frequently asymptomatic. (cdc.gov)
Pneumonia2
- Massive perinatal infection of the newborn can lead to interstitial chlamydial pneumonia. (athenslab.gr)
- The disease pneumonia involves inflammation of the lungs caused by infection. (ayurvediccure.com)
Infectious1
- Pig infection is acquired primarily through ingestion of infectious encysted T. spiralis muscle larvae (ML). After the ML are released in the stomach, they invade the intestinal epithelium and mature into adults (Ad). (biomedcentral.com)
Vaginal3
- First catch urine from women, while acceptable for screening, might detect up to 10% fewer infections when compared with vaginal and endocervical swab samples (82,87,89) (Box 2). (cdc.gov)
- A first catch urine specimen is acceptable but might detect up to 10% fewer infections when compared with vaginal and endocervical swab samples. (cdc.gov)
- 2nd most common bacterial STI STI Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are infections that spread either by vaginal intercourse, anal sex, or oral sex. (lecturio.com)
Human infections1
- Usually these type of human infections occur when in close contact with infected birds (poultry workers, pet owners), although instances of person to person transmission have been found. (up.ac.za)
Bacterial sexually1
- Serovars D-K are responsible for bacterial sexually transmitted genital tract infections in women and men. (thenativeantigencompany.com)
Cycle of infection1
- These new elementary bodies are released, starting a new cycle of infection. (athenslab.gr)
Clinical2
- The clinical signs can be seen in one or both eyes and, if caused by infection, can be very easily transmitted to other animals due to close physical contact. (biomin.net)
- However, following Pap screening, there should be a clinical indication for reflex additional testing of liquid cytology specimens for chlamydia and gonorrhea since these specimen types are more widely used in older populations at low risk for infection. (cdc.gov)
Birds1
- The infection is transmitted by infected birds through their excretions, mainly through the faeces. (athenslab.gr)
Occur1
- Primary infection typically occurs in children, but re-infection can occur later in adult life ( CDC ). (thenativeantigencompany.com)
20231
- 2023. Interplay between pollution and avian influenza virus infection risk in shorebirds and waterfowl. (michellewille.com)
Inflammation1
- Rickinson, A.B. (2014) Co-Infections, Inflammation, and Oncogenesis: Future Directions for EBV Research. (scirp.org)
Chronic1
- Some infections can lead to infertility and chronic debilitating disease. (lecturio.com)
Acute1
- Acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis ( ANUG ), also known as trench mouth , is a type of infection of the gums . (mdwiki.org)
Urinary1
- It is a common urinary tract infection that affects both men an. (ayurvediccure.com)
Screening2
- Impact of COVID-19 on Sexually Transmitted Infection and HIV Screening at an Urban Safety-Net Hospital. (harvard.edu)
- USPSTF does not recommend screening for gonorrhea in women who are at low risk for infection (81). (cdc.gov)
Disease5
- The recurrence of infection and disease is probably multifactorial. (cdc.gov)
- Preference is now given to the term 'STI' (sexually transmitted infection) because not all infected individuals develop symptomatic disease, although they carry the potential to develop symptoms and to transmit infection to others. (nccid.ca)
- We hope to specifically show a positive effect of the vaccine on disease, not just infection, as well as female reproductive rates," says Timms, adding, "We feel compelled to start using this vaccine more broadly, especially when we know that it is safe and has some definite positive benefit to the animals. (iflscience.com)
- Trichinellosis is also considered an emerging or re-emerging zoonotic disease in China, where approximately more than 40 million people could be at risk of infection [ 8 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
- Necrotizing periodontal disease is caused by a mixed bacterial infection that includes anaerobes such as P. intermedia [5] and Fusobacterium as well as spirochetes , such as Treponema . (mdwiki.org)
Seroprevalence1
- The high seroprevalence of Trichinella infection in field samples of Tibetan pigs further raises serious concern for the prevention and control of trichinellosis in this host for public health safety. (biomedcentral.com)
Vaccine1
- Impact of Point-of-Care Testing on the Management of Sexually Transmitted Infections in South Africa: Evidence from the HVTN702 Human Immunodeficiency Virus Vaccine Trial. (harvard.edu)