Cholera Morbus
Cholera
Cholera Toxin
The Portuguese Cholera morbus epidemic of 1853-56 as seen by the press. (1/1)
This is a study of how scientific knowledge reached common citizens in nineteenth-century Portugal, using newspapers as the main source. Despite the population's limited access to written material, each leading newspaper might be read by 30 000 people a day in Lisbon. This made newspapers the most widely available vehicle for the diffusion of the latest scientific information to the general public. With a cholera morbus epidemic affecting the second largest Portuguese town and all the northern regions, as well as the Algarve, reports on the course of the epidemic were considered essential. The author bases her study on a database of news about the disease in 1855 and 1856, especially with regard to prevention and treatment. (+info)"Cholera morbus" is an outdated and somewhat ambiguous term that was historically used to describe a variety of acute gastrointestinal illnesses, including actual cholera caused by Vibrio cholerae bacterium. However, the term is now rarely used in modern medical practice due to its lack of specificity and confusion with the distinct disease entity of cholera.
Cholera is a severe and potentially life-threatening infection that causes profuse watery diarrhea, vomiting, dehydration, electrolyte imbalance, and other systemic symptoms. It is typically transmitted through contaminated food or water and is endemic in certain parts of the world with poor sanitation and hygiene.
Modern medical terminology prefers to use more specific terms to describe gastrointestinal illnesses, such as "acute gastroenteritis" or "diarrheal disease," which encompass a range of causes and symptoms. It is important to consult with a healthcare professional for an accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment of any gastrointestinal symptoms.
Cholera is an infectious disease caused by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae, which is usually transmitted through contaminated food or water. The main symptoms of cholera are profuse watery diarrhea, vomiting, and dehydration, which can lead to electrolyte imbalances, shock, and even death if left untreated. Cholera remains a significant public health concern in many parts of the world, particularly in areas with poor sanitation and hygiene. The disease is preventable through proper food handling, safe water supplies, and improved sanitation, as well as vaccination for those at high risk.
Cholera toxin is a protein toxin produced by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae, which causes the infectious disease cholera. The toxin is composed of two subunits, A and B, and its primary mechanism of action is to alter the normal function of cells in the small intestine.
The B subunit of the toxin binds to ganglioside receptors on the surface of intestinal epithelial cells, allowing the A subunit to enter the cell. Once inside, the A subunit activates a signaling pathway that results in the excessive secretion of chloride ions and water into the intestinal lumen, leading to profuse, watery diarrhea, dehydration, and other symptoms associated with cholera.
Cholera toxin is also used as a research tool in molecular biology and immunology due to its ability to modulate cell signaling pathways. It has been used to study the mechanisms of signal transduction, protein trafficking, and immune responses.
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Infantum1
- Cholera infantum , Fairbanks, Raue's Rec. (legatum.sk)
19th-century10
- Medical journals and other sources do not show evidence that cholera occurred in Haiti before 2010, despite the devastating effect of this disease in the Caribbean region in the 19th century. (cdc.gov)
- Almost 2 centuries of cholera research such as John Snow's famous environmental detective work on cholera in mid 19th century England ( 3 ) helped to found the field of epidemiology. (cdc.gov)
- Although it is difficult to confirm the absence of a disease in an earlier era, this report explores textual evidence for the immunologic status of persons to cholera in Haiti reported in scientific journals and lay journalism sources from the 19th century. (cdc.gov)
- It also considers the reasons that epidemic cholera failed to occur in Haiti in the 19th century even though it did affect many neighboring environments, including the Dominican Republic. (cdc.gov)
- There is no published source that identifies all Caribbean islands affected by cholera epidemics in the 19th century. (cdc.gov)
- In the field of 20th-century and 21st-century research, an article in 1985 by Kiple comes the closest to describing the effect of cholera across the 19th-century Caribbean. (cdc.gov)
- Higman notes that basic public health measures were prompted by cholera epidemics in the British Caribbean in the 19th century but that they emerged from "a maze of environmental mystery" ( 7 ). (cdc.gov)
- Vega Lugo provides a recent study of cholera in 19th-century Puerto Rico ( 8 ). (cdc.gov)
- The third cholera pandemic (1846-1860) was the third major outbreak of cholera originating in India in the 19th century that reached far beyond its borders, which researchers at University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) believe may have started as early as 1837 and lasted until 1863. (wikipedia.org)
- Pavel Fedotov 's painting shows a death from cholera in the mid-19th century. (wikipedia.org)
Epidemic2
- The uncertainty in newspapers and nongovernmental organizations over whether Haiti had experienced cholera during the 20th century, a period when there was no epidemic cholera in the Caribbean islands, reflects the historically uneven documentation of cholera epidemiology in different regions. (cdc.gov)
- The cholera epidemic in Russia that started in 1847 would last until 1851, killing over one million people. (wikipedia.org)
Epidemics1
- We provide historical accounts of the presence and spread of cholera epidemics in Caribbean islands. (cdc.gov)
Outbreak4
- After the 1854 Broad Street cholera outbreak he had mapped the cases of cholera in the Soho area in London, and noted a cluster of cases near a water pump in one neighborhood. (wikipedia.org)
- Snow was a founding member of the Epidemiological Society of London , formed in response to a cholera outbreak in 1849, and he is considered one of the fathers of epidemiology . (wikipedia.org)
- [15] In Vietnam, cholera outbreak in 1849 killed estimatedly from 800,000 to one million people (8-10% of the kingdom's 1847 population). (wikipedia.org)
- [16] In Siam, cholera outbreak which started from Penang before passing to Pattani, Songkla, Samut Prakarn, Bangkok, Pathum Thani, Phitsanuloke and Ang Sila from June to July 1849 had killed at least 5,457 people in Bangkok and the estimated number of death from cholera outbreak varied from 15000 to 40000 people. (wikipedia.org)
200,0001
- In assessing Cuba, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, and St. Thomas, Kiple proposed that 200,000 deaths from cholera in the Caribbean would not be unrealistic, although a total figure would have to be "considerably higher as a number of islands have not been included in this survey" ( 6 ). (cdc.gov)
Plague1
- It's revealing that a great deal of the discussion surrounding the early experiences with cholera revolved around the question of whether this was, in fact, the return of the plague. (yale.edu)
Taylor1
- Diagnosed as suffering from "cholera morbus" by his physicians, Taylor ate slivers of ice for relief until his body began rejecting fluids. (millercenter.org)
Diseases1
- There are accounts of diseases in various writings that are suggestive of cholera well before the nineteenth century. (yale.edu)
Victims1
- The area that we live in was where cholera made the greatest number of victims. (missiongoodshepherd.org)
Subject1
- We can continue with our subject of Asiatic cholera. (yale.edu)
Disease7
- However, until 2011, there was no comprehensive historical record of cholera in Africa ( 4 ), despite its crucial status as a piece of the global disease puzzle. (cdc.gov)
- Asiatic cholera was the most dreaded disease of the nineteenth century. (yale.edu)
- One reason for the intense fear provoked by the disease was its symptoms: not only did cholera exact a degrading and painful toll on the human body, it also struck suddenly, and was capable of reducing the seemingly healthy in a period of hours. (yale.edu)
- This correspondence qualifies it as an archetypical disease of poverty, and implicated cholera in the larger nineteenth-century political anxiety over the "social question. (yale.edu)
- And Asiatic cholera is a good example of what we might - though let's be mindful, it would be historically anachronistic - we might call it a great emerging disease of the nineteenth century. (yale.edu)
- Cholera for the nineteenth century was something new, something never before experienced, and that helps to explain a good part of the reaction to the populations that were first afflicted by it, as the "great cholera," we should remember, was the great feared disease of the nineteenth century. (yale.edu)
- If any gentleman or lady has hydrophobia, inflammation of the lungs, cholera morbus, or any other disease ever so dangerous, he or she has nothing to do but to take either the Vegetable Pills, or the Pills and Ointment, or Life Pills, whichever they please, and they will certainly be cured. (victorianlondon.org)
Time1
- Yet, as recently as July 2011, the Boston Globe claimed that "Cholera appeared in Haiti last year for the first time since the 1960s" ( 2 ), implying that cholera had occurred in Haiti in the 20th century. (cdc.gov)
Spread4
- Clustered populations, regular influx of new persons, and close quarters of barracks living contributed to spread of cholera in other Caribbean locations. (cdc.gov)
- The second cholera pandemic spread from India, surging outward to all of Europe and northern Africa, then crossing the Atlantic to Canada and the United States, spreading to Mexico and the Caribbean. (wikipedia.org)
- Cholera, believed spread from Irish immigrant ship(s) from England to the United States , spread throughout the Mississippi river system , killing over 4,500 in St. Louis [11] and over 3,000 in New Orleans . (wikipedia.org)
- In 1852, cholera spread east to Indonesia, and later was carried to China and Japan in 1854. (wikipedia.org)
Major3
- A second major reason for the disease's significance was its overwhelming predilection for the poor: transmitted through the oral ingestion of fecal matter, cholera was intimately associated with poor diets and unsanitary living conditions. (yale.edu)
- [10] In 1849, cholera claimed 5,308 lives in the major port city of Liverpool , England , an embarkation point for immigrants to North America, and 1,834 in Hull , England. (wikipedia.org)
- [7] Japan suffered at least seven major outbreaks of cholera between 1858 and 1902. (wikipedia.org)
Reports1
- Newspaper reports stated he died from cholera morbus. (wikipedia.org)
Area1
- To test his theory, he convinced officials to remove the pump handle, and the number of cholera cases in the area immediately declined. (wikipedia.org)
Thomas1
- Denver, Col July 16 - Mrs. Katherine G. Patterson wife of US Senator Thomas M. Patterson died tonight at her home in this city from nervous prostration following a violent attack of acute cholera morbus. (ingenweb.org)
Sources1
- There are sources that maintain that the third cholera pandemic started with a surge from Bengal in 1839. (wikipedia.org)
DYSENTERY1
- bottle label) " For relief of pain in Cholera Morbus, Diarrhoea and Dysentery, arising from errors in diet * * * if pain is severe. (nih.gov)
Infantum1
- Cholera infantum, its causes and treatment. (nih.gov)
Gastroenteritis2
- Alude a una GASTROENTERITIS aguda que ocurre en verano u otoño y se caracteriza por cólico, diarrea y vómitos de gran intensidad. (bvsalud.org)
- The diagnosis concluded that it was cholera morbus(not the modern understanding of cholera) which is known as 'gastroenteritis' today. (triviasharp.com)
Acute1
- Taylor died of cholera morbus, or acute indigestion, which surely would not have been fatal today. (usconstitution.net)
Epidemic cholera3
- The uncertainty in newspapers and nongovernmental organizations over whether Haiti had experienced cholera during the 20th century, a period when there was no epidemic cholera in the Caribbean islands, reflects the historically uneven documentation of cholera epidemiology in different regions. (cdc.gov)
- It also considers the reasons that epidemic cholera failed to occur in Haiti in the 19th century even though it did affect many neighboring environments, including the Dominican Republic. (cdc.gov)
- Report on the prevention of epidemic cholera in America: adopted by the Amer. Public Health Assn & the Conf. (digitalbookindex.com)
Effets1
- Seine (Department) Commission instituée pour recueillir les faits relatifs à l'invasion et aux effets du choléra-morbus dans le départment de la Seine, 1832. (nih.gov)
Diarrhea1
- Hogeman's (formerly Val- Jiau's) Diarrhea Remedy, ued with un-ailing un-ailing succou since the Cholera of 1&32 Sold by druggists oner-ally. (utah.edu)
18321
- First appearance, in 1832, of the cholera in Buffalo. (digitalbookindex.com)
Epidemiology1
- Medical knowledge production during the time of cholera thrived on the violent methodologies of early clinical epidemiology. (medicalhealthhumanities.com)
Symptoms1
- When the symptoms of Cholera Morbus have fully subsided, a dose of Tincture of Rhubarb may be taken. (nih.gov)
Illness1
- The extreme weather and the strain on his health took a toll, and soon after, he fell severely ill with what was diagnosed as cholera morbus, a gastrointestinal illness. (aedwis.com)
Milk2
- Cholera bacteria was most likely was present in the milk Taylor drank. (lifebuzz.com)
- 1850 - U.S. President Zachary Taylor dies after eating raw fruit and iced milk and contacting cholera morbus. (holidays-and-observances.com)
Deaths1
- In assessing Cuba, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, and St. Thomas, Kiple proposed that 200,000 deaths from cholera in the Caribbean would not be unrealistic, although a total figure would have to be "considerably higher as a number of islands have not been included in this survey" ( 6 ). (cdc.gov)
Case4
- Case 54 - CHOLERA (Ad. (homeoint.org)
- A few minutes after the scene of confusion produced in the salons of M. Danglars by the unexpected appearance of the brigade of soldiers, and by the disclosure which had followed, the mansion was deserted with as much rapidity as if a case of plague or of cholera morbus had broken out among the guests. (usf.edu)
- What made cholera so horrifying can be summarized as a combination of three factors: the unpredictability of its geographic spread, the totality of its influence over the body, and the rapidity of its progression in each individual case. (medicalhealthhumanities.com)
- Finally, a cholera case could progress with shocking swiftness. (medicalhealthhumanities.com)
Body2
- Disturbing as it did the entire digestive system at once-and, by extension, the lungs, brain, and spine-cholera took over the patient's body. (medicalhealthhumanities.com)
- Horner took the piece of intestine from the body of Jacob Myers, "a black man, aged thirty-six years, of a make somewhat robust," who died of cholera in Philadelphia's Blockley Almshouse in September of 1834 while being treated for a scrofulous tumor (Horner, Anatomical Characters , 13). (medicalhealthhumanities.com)
Collection1
- Myers was but one of countless of Horner's patients, always already specimens-in-waiting as Horner busied himself with the task of amassing a vast collection of anatomical specimens while cholera beset Philadelphia. (medicalhealthhumanities.com)
Hours1
- Cholera time was measured in hours, even minutes. (medicalhealthhumanities.com)
Year2
- Yet, as recently as July 2011, the Boston Globe claimed that "Cholera appeared in Haiti last year for the first time since the 1960s" ( 2 ), implying that cholera had occurred in Haiti in the 20th century. (cdc.gov)
- Cholera sprung grasshopper-like from city to city, first appearing in Basra the same year it reached Beijing. (medicalhealthhumanities.com)
Years1
- Just a couple years prior to his theft of Myers's jejunum, Horner had served as the presiding physician over Cholera Hospital #3, located close to the banks of the Delaware River. (medicalhealthhumanities.com)
Close1
- Clustered populations, regular influx of new persons, and close quarters of barracks living contributed to spread of cholera in other Caribbean locations. (cdc.gov)
Accounts1
- We provide historical accounts of the presence and spread of cholera epidemics in Caribbean islands. (cdc.gov)
Skin1
- Dr. Samuel Jackson of Philadelphia likened cholera to a scald that covered the entire skin: it affected first and foremost the alimentary organs, which Jackson compared in surface area to the skin itself. (medicalhealthhumanities.com)