Chondroblastoma
Curettage
Foot Bones
Bone Cysts, Aneurysmal
Temporal Bone
Femoral Neoplasms
Tarsal Bones
Giant Cell Tumor of Bone
Chondroblastoma of the temporal bone: a clinicopathologic study of five cases. (1/41)
Chondroblastoma is a rare benign bone tumor. It commonly affects the epiphysis of long bones during the second and third decades of life. Chondroblastoma of the temporal bone is extremely rare. We reviewed five cases of chondroblastoma arising in the temporal bone. Four cases were female and one was male. The ages ranged from 41 to 60 years (mean, 53.6 years). All cases involved the temporal bone. Three involved the left side and two the right. Chief complaints were long-standing localized pain and hearing difficulty. A sharply demarcated lobulated mass was the main radiological finding. Microscopic findings were those of chondroblastoma of usual locations. Two cases showed aneurysmal bone cyst-like areas. Immunohistochemical studies for CD34, CD99, S-100 protein and cytokeratin were performed. Tumor cells were diffusely positive for S-100 protein in three cases and weakly positive for cytokeratin in one case. CD34 and CD99 were negative in all cases. In summary, chondroblastoma of the temporal bone is rare and occurs in older age group than reported cases of chondroblastoma of the usual location in the literature. (+info)Extendible replacements of the proximal tibia for bone tumours. (2/41)
Limb salvage is now customary in the treatment of primary bone tumours. The proximal tibia is a frequent site for these neoplasms but reconstruction, especially in children, is a formidable challenge. We reviewed 20 children with extendible replacements of the proximal tibia, all with a minimum follow-up of five years. Five died from their disease and, of the remaining 15, four had above-knee amputations for complications. Infection occurred in seven patients; in five it was related to the lengthening procedure. Aseptic loosening is inevitable in the younger children and only two have avoided a revision, amputation or other major complication; both were aged 12 years at the time of the initial surgery. Despite this, 11 children are alive with a functioning leg and a mean Musculoskeletal Tumour Society functional score of 83%. The lengthening mechanisms used in our series required extensive open operations. We are now using a simpler, minimally invasive, technique which we hope will decrease the incidence of complications. At present, the use of extendible prostheses of the proximal tibia remains an experimental procedure. (+info)h-Caldesmon as a specific marker for smooth muscle tumors. Comparison with other smooth muscle markers in bone tumors. (3/41)
Caldesmon is a protein widely distributed in smooth and non-smooth muscle cells and is thought to regulate cellular contraction. Its isoform, high-molecular-weight caldesmon (h-CD), was demonstrated to be specific for smooth muscle cells and smooth muscle tumors of the soft tissue and to never be expressed in myofibroblasts. We performed an immunohistochemical study to examine h-CD expression in the following bone tumors: conventional and non-conventional osteosarcoma, 13; malignant fibrous histiocytoma of bone, 5; giant cell tumors of bone, 5; chondroblastoma, 3; metastatic leiomyosarcoma, 2; and rhabdomyosarcoma, 1. Frequent immunoreactivity for muscle actin (alpha-smooth muscle actin or muscle-specific actin) was seen in 11 of 13 osteosarcomas and all other tumors, whereas h-CD was expressed intensely only in 2 leiomyosarcomas. h-CD is considered a specific and useful marker to distinguish smooth muscle tumor from bone tumors with myoid differentiation. (+info)Benign chondroblastoma of bone. Report of a case. (4/41)
A benign chondroblastoma of bone is reported. It was unusual because it occurred in an old lady, in a toe, and it was not painful and radiologically resembled a chondroma. The coarsely lobulated tumour showed a varied microscopic appearance, but it consisted chiefly of closely packed sheets of small, round polygonal or fusiform cells. There was some calcification present. The literature is reviewed. (+info)Chondroblastoma of a metacarpal bone mimicking an aneurysmal bone cyst: a case report and a review of the literature. (5/41)
Chondroblastoma of the metacarpal bone has been extremely rare and only seven cases have been reported in the English literature. Here we reported the eighth case of a chondroblastoma that developed on the first metacarpal bone of the right hand of a 21-year-old man. Radiographs showed an expansile osteolytic lesion with a multilocular appearance. In MR images, the lesion showed low intensity in T1 and high intensity in T2-weighted images with multiple fluid-fluid levels, which are findings resembling those of an aneurysmal bone cyst. From the pathological findings, however, it was recognized as a chondroblastoma with aneurysmal bone cyst-like change. Good clinical results was obtained by the subtotal resection of the metacarpal bone with a columnar-shaped iliac bone graft. (+info)Coexisting chondroblastoma and osteochondroma: a case report. (6/41)
The coexistence of two different types of benign cartilaginous tumours of bone in the same patient has not been reported in literature. We report a case in which a sixteen-year-old male had a benign chondroblastoma of the proximal left humerus and an osteochondroma of the distal left femur. Both originated at the same time and had a progressive increase in size with growth. (+info)Chondroblastoma of the temporal base with high mitotic activity. (7/41)
A 24-year-old man presented with a rare chondroblastoma of the temporal base manifesting as local pain accompanied by difficulty in opening the mouth. Gross total removal was achieved at initial surgery, but the tumor demonstrated rapid and destructive regrowth from a very small residual volume without definite histological malignant transformation. Growth activity estimated by MIB-1 staining increased spontaneously from 2.5% at the initial operation to 18.7% at recurrence. Further extensive radical tumor removal by surgeons from multiple disciplines was performed. The patient has been free of recurrence for 3 years without radiotherapy. Chondroblastoma of the temporal bone is widely accepted as a benign tumor and regrowth after gross total removal is very rare. However, some cases of chondroblastoma have potentially high mitotic activity. (+info)Skull base chondroblastoma: a case report. (8/41)
Chondroblastoma is a rare tumor of the skull. Temporal bone is the commonest site of involvement in the skull. We present a thirty one year old man who presented with painless swelling over the left temporal bone, which was near totally excised after preoperative embolization. Management of this unusual tumor and its complications are discussed. (+info)Chondroblastoma is a rare, benign (non-cancerous) bone tumor that typically develops in the epiphysis, which is the rounded end of a long bone near a joint. It primarily affects children and adolescents, with around 90% of cases occurring before the age of 20.
The tumor arises from chondroblasts, cells responsible for producing cartilage during bone growth. Chondroblastoma is usually slow-growing and typically causes localized pain, swelling, or tenderness in the affected area. In some cases, it may weaken the bone and lead to fractures.
Treatment generally involves surgical removal of the tumor, followed by curettage (scraping) of the surrounding bone tissue and replacement with bone grafts or substitutes. Recurrence is possible but rare, and long-term prognosis is usually favorable.
Curettage is a medical procedure that involves scraping or removing tissue from the lining of an organ or body cavity, typically performed using a curette, which is a long, thin surgical instrument with a looped or sharp end. In gynecology, curettage is often used to remove tissue from the uterus during a procedure called dilation and curettage (D&C) to diagnose or treat abnormal uterine bleeding, or to remove residual placental or fetal tissue following a miscarriage or abortion. Curettage may also be used in other medical specialties to remove damaged or diseased tissue from areas such as the nose, throat, or skin.
'Foot bones,' also known as the tarsal and metatarsal bones, are the 26 bones that make up the foot in humans. The foot is divided into three parts: the hindfoot, midfoot, and forefoot.
The hindfoot contains two bones: the talus, which connects to the leg bone (tibia), and the calcaneus (heel bone). These bones form the ankle joint and heel.
The midfoot is made up of five irregularly shaped bones called the navicular, cuboid, and three cuneiform bones. These bones help form the arch of the foot and connect the hindfoot to the forefoot.
The forefoot contains the metatarsals (five long bones) and the phalanges (14 small bones). The metatarsals connect the midfoot to the toes, while the phalanges make up the toes themselves.
These bones work together to provide stability, support, and movement for the foot, allowing us to walk, run, and jump.
Aneurysmal bone cyst (ABC) is a benign but locally aggressive tumor that typically involves the metaphysis of long bones in children and adolescents. It is characterized by blood-filled spaces or cysts separated by fibrous septa containing osteoclast-type giant cells, spindle cells, and capillary vessels.
ABCs can also arise in other locations such as the vertebral column, pelvis, and skull. They may cause bone pain, swelling, or pathologic fractures. The exact cause of ABC is unknown, but it is thought to be related to a reactive process to a primary bone lesion or trauma.
Treatment options for ABC include curettage and bone grafting, intralesional injection of corticosteroids or bone marrow aspirate, and adjuvant therapy with phenol or liquid nitrogen. In some cases, radiation therapy may be used, but it is generally avoided due to the risk of secondary malignancies. Recurrence rates after treatment range from 10-30%.
The temporal bone is a paired bone that is located on each side of the skull, forming part of the lateral and inferior walls of the cranial cavity. It is one of the most complex bones in the human body and has several important structures associated with it. The main functions of the temporal bone include protecting the middle and inner ear, providing attachment for various muscles of the head and neck, and forming part of the base of the skull.
The temporal bone is divided into several parts, including the squamous part, the petrous part, the tympanic part, and the styloid process. The squamous part forms the lateral portion of the temporal bone and articulates with the parietal bone. The petrous part is the most medial and superior portion of the temporal bone and contains the inner ear and the semicircular canals. The tympanic part forms the lower and anterior portions of the temporal bone and includes the external auditory meatus or ear canal. The styloid process is a long, slender projection that extends downward from the inferior aspect of the temporal bone and serves as an attachment site for various muscles and ligaments.
The temporal bone plays a crucial role in hearing and balance, as it contains the structures of the middle and inner ear, including the oval window, round window, cochlea, vestibule, and semicircular canals. The stapes bone, one of the three bones in the middle ear, is entirely encased within the petrous portion of the temporal bone. Additionally, the temporal bone contains important structures for facial expression and sensation, including the facial nerve, which exits the skull through the stylomastoid foramen, a small opening in the temporal bone.
Bone neoplasms are abnormal growths or tumors that develop in the bone. They can be benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous). Benign bone neoplasms do not spread to other parts of the body and are rarely a threat to life, although they may cause problems if they grow large enough to press on surrounding tissues or cause fractures. Malignant bone neoplasms, on the other hand, can invade and destroy nearby tissue and may spread (metastasize) to other parts of the body.
There are many different types of bone neoplasms, including:
1. Osteochondroma - a benign tumor that develops from cartilage and bone
2. Enchondroma - a benign tumor that forms in the cartilage that lines the inside of the bones
3. Chondrosarcoma - a malignant tumor that develops from cartilage
4. Osteosarcoma - a malignant tumor that develops from bone cells
5. Ewing sarcoma - a malignant tumor that develops in the bones or soft tissues around the bones
6. Giant cell tumor of bone - a benign or occasionally malignant tumor that develops from bone tissue
7. Fibrosarcoma - a malignant tumor that develops from fibrous tissue in the bone
The symptoms of bone neoplasms vary depending on the type, size, and location of the tumor. They may include pain, swelling, stiffness, fractures, or limited mobility. Treatment options depend on the type and stage of the tumor but may include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or a combination of these treatments.
Femoral neoplasms refer to abnormal growths or tumors that develop in the femur, which is the long thigh bone in the human body. These neoplasms can be benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous). Benign femoral neoplasms are slow-growing and rarely spread to other parts of the body, while malignant neoplasms are aggressive and can invade nearby tissues and organs, as well as metastasize (spread) to distant sites.
There are various types of femoral neoplasms, including osteochondromas, enchondromas, chondrosarcomas, osteosarcomas, and Ewing sarcomas, among others. The specific type of neoplasm is determined by the cell type from which it arises and its behavior.
Symptoms of femoral neoplasms may include pain, swelling, stiffness, or weakness in the thigh, as well as a palpable mass or limited mobility. Diagnosis typically involves imaging studies such as X-rays, CT scans, or MRI, as well as biopsy to determine the type and grade of the tumor. Treatment options may include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or a combination of these approaches, depending on the type, size, location, and stage of the neoplasm.
The tarsal bones are a group of seven articulating bones in the foot that make up the posterior portion of the foot, located between the talus bone of the leg and the metatarsal bones of the forefoot. They play a crucial role in supporting the body's weight and facilitating movement.
There are three categories of tarsal bones:
1. Proximal row: This includes the talus, calcaneus (heel bone), and navicular bones. The talus articulates with the tibia and fibula to form the ankle joint, while the calcaneus is the largest tarsal bone and forms the heel. The navicular bone is located between the talus and the cuneiform bones.
2. Intermediate row: This includes the cuboid bone, which is located laterally (on the outside) to the navicular bone and articulates with the calcaneus, fourth and fifth metatarsals, and the cuneiform bones.
3. Distal row: This includes three cuneiform bones - the medial, intermediate, and lateral cuneiforms - which are located between the navicular bone proximally and the first, second, and third metatarsal bones distally. The medial cuneiform is the largest of the three and articulates with the navicular bone, first metatarsal, and the intermediate cuneiform. The intermediate cuneiform articulates with the medial and lateral cuneiforms and the second metatarsal. The lateral cuneiform articulates with the intermediate cuneiform, cuboid, and fourth metatarsal.
Together, these bones form a complex network of joints that allow for movement and stability in the foot. Injuries or disorders affecting the tarsal bones can result in pain, stiffness, and difficulty walking.
Skull neoplasms refer to abnormal growths or tumors that develop within the skull. These growths can be benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous). They can originate from various types of cells, such as bone cells, nerve cells, or soft tissues. Skull neoplasms can cause various symptoms depending on their size and location, including headaches, seizures, vision problems, hearing loss, and neurological deficits. Treatment options include surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy. It is important to note that a neoplasm in the skull can also refer to metastatic cancer, which has spread from another part of the body to the skull.
The humerus is the long bone in the upper arm that extends from the shoulder joint (glenohumeral joint) to the elbow joint. It articulates with the glenoid cavity of the scapula to form the shoulder joint and with the radius and ulna bones at the elbow joint. The proximal end of the humerus has a rounded head that provides for movement in multiple planes, making it one of the most mobile joints in the body. The greater and lesser tubercles are bony prominences on the humeral head that serve as attachment sites for muscles that move the shoulder and arm. The narrow shaft of the humerus provides stability and strength for weight-bearing activities, while the distal end forms two articulations: one with the ulna (trochlea) and one with the radius (capitulum). Together, these structures allow for a wide range of motion in the shoulder and elbow joints.
A Giant Cell Tumor (GCT) of bone is a relatively uncommon, locally aggressive tumor that can sometimes become malignant. It is characterized by the presence of multinucleated giant cells which are distributed throughout the tumor tissue. These giant cells are thought to be derived from osteoclasts, which are specialized cells responsible for bone resorption.
GCTs typically affect adults in their 20s and 30s, with a slight female predominance. The most common sites of involvement include the long bones near the knee (distal femur and proximal tibia), as well as the distal radius, sacrum, and spine.
The tumor usually presents as pain and swelling in the affected area, sometimes accompanied by restricted mobility or pathological fractures due to bone weakening. The diagnosis is typically made based on imaging studies (such as X-rays, CT scans, or MRI) and confirmed through a biopsy.
Treatment options for GCTs of bone may include intralesional curettage with or without the use of adjuvant therapies (like phenol, liquid nitrogen, or cement), radiation therapy, or surgical resection. In some cases, systemic treatments like denosumab, a monoclonal antibody targeting RANKL, may be used to control the growth and spread of the tumor. Regular follow-ups are essential to monitor for potential recurrence, which can occur in up to 50% of cases within five years after treatment.