Choroid Diseases
Choroid Plexus
Choroid
Choroid Plexus Neoplasms
Papilloma, Choroid Plexus
Choroid Neoplasms
Cerebral Ventricle Neoplasms
Cerebrospinal Fluid
Uvea
Ependyma
Pigment Epithelium of Eye
Sclera
Idiopathic central serous chorioretinopathy. (1/183)
Idiopathic central serous chorioretinopathy (ICSC) is usually seen in young males with Type A personality. Clinical evaluation of the macula with fundoscopy and biomicroscopy, coupled with fluorescein angiography establishes the diagnosis. Indocyanine green angiographic studies have reinformed that the basic pathology lies in choriocapillaries and retinal pigment epithelium. Most of the ICSC resolve completely in four months, and some of them could resolve early with direct photocoagulation of the leaking site. Oral steroids have no role, and could even cause an adverse reaction. (+info)The pathogenesis of choroidal neovascularization in patients with age-related macular degeneration. (2/183)
Laser photocoagulation and several experimental treatments for choroidal neovascularization (CNV) in patients with age-related macular degeneration attempt to ablate the neovascularization, but do not address underlying angiogenic stimuli. As a result, recurrences are a major problem. Drug treatment to counter the growth of CNV would be a major advance, but its development is impeded by lack of knowledge concerning the stimuli and other molecular signals involved in the pathogenesis of CNV. Herein we explore clues that can be gleaned from clinical, epidemiological, pathological, and experimental data. These suggest that abnormalities of the extracellular matrix of retinal pigmented epithelial (RPE) cells may promote a pro-angiogenic RPE phenotype that contributes to the development of CNV. This provides a general hypothesis that can be tested, but it is also necessary to test hypotheses regarding the specific alterations in gene expression that contribute to CNV. Identification of alterations in gene expression will provide targets for rational design of drug treatment. (+info)Autosomal dominant macular atrophy at 6q14 excludes CORD7 and MCDR1/PBCRA loci. (3/183)
PURPOSE: Localization of the gene responsible for autosomal dominant atrophic macular degeneration (adMD) in a large pedigree UM:H785. METHODS: Standard ophthalmologic examinations were performed. Microsatellite markers were used to map the disease gene by linkage and haplotype analyses. RESULTS: The macular degeneration in this family is characterized by progressive retinal pigment epithelial atrophy in the macula without apparent peripheral involvement by ophthalmoscopy or functional studies. Acuity loss progressed with age and generally was worse in the older affected individuals. The rod and cone function remained normal or nearly normal in all tested affected members up to 61 years of age. The phenotype in our family has characteristics similar to Stargardt-like macular degeneration with some differences. Haplotype analysis localized the disease gene in our adMD family to an 8-cM region at 6q14, which is within the 18-cM interval of STGD3 but excludes cone-rod dystrophy 7 (CORD7; centromeric) and North Carolina macular degeneration and progressive bifocal chorioretinal atrophy (MCDR1/PBCRA; telomeric). The mapping interval overlaps with that of recessive retinitis pigmentosa (RP25). CONCLUSIONS: These results implicate at least three genetically distinct loci for forms of macular degeneration that lie within a 30-cM interval on chromosome 6p11-6q16: CORD7, adMD, and MCDR1/PBCRA. Because the critical interval for the adMD family studied overlaps with STGD3 and RP25, these loci could be allelic. (+info)Fluorescein angiographic features of choroidal insufficiency in anterior ischemic optic neuropathy. (4/183)
Anterior ischemic optic neuropathy(AION) is known to be caused by circulatory disturbance in the anterior optic nerve(AON). Because the AON shares blood supply from the paraoptic short posterior ciliary artery with peripapillary choroid, the authors investigated the angiographic evidences of combined choroidal insufficiency in patients with acute AION. Fundus fluorescein angiograms from 30 eyes from 28 patients with acute AION were enrolled in this study. The diagnosis of acute AION was based primarily on angiographic evidences of filling delay of optic nerve head and the various clinical features, such as decreased visual acuity, visual field defects, afferent pupillary defect, and optic disc swelling. Angiographic evidences of combined choroidal filling delay were as follows: 1) circular or localized filling delay of peripapillary choroid in 15 eyes (50%), 2) generalized filling delay of posterior pole in 11 eyes (36.7%), 3) filling delay of unilateral choroid divided by watershed zone in 5 eyes (16.7%), and 4) choriocapillary filling delay in 10 eyes (33.3%). In this study, various types of choroidal insufficiency in patients with AION were observed, which helped us to differentiate AION from the other various diseases of the anterior optic nerve. (+info)Bullous variant of idiopathic central serous chorioretinopathy. (5/183)
BACKGROUND: Spontaneous bullous serous retinal detachment (RD) with subretinal exudation complicating idiopathic central serous chorioretinopathy (ICSC) is a rare and infrequently described clinical entity. Clinical observations are described on this variant form in 11 patients, the largest series reported to date. METHODS: 13 eyes of 11 Indian patients having this entity were followed up clinically and angiographically for 12-24 months (retrospective, longitudinal). None of the patients had any previous history of other diseases nor were they on any medications. Four eyes received laser treatment (group A); nine eyes were not treated (group B). RESULTS: All 11 patients were male, aged 23-49 years (median 37 years). The clinical and photographic records revealed subretinal exudation and inferior bullous serous RD complicating ICSC with evidence of large, single or multiple, leaking retinal pigment epithelial detachments (PEDs) in all the cases. In group A, resolution of serous RD occurred in 12 weeks (median) with a visual recovery of >/=20/30 in three out of four eyes while in group B resolution of serous retinal detachment was observed in 14 weeks (median) with eight out of nine eyes achieving a visual acuity of >/=20/30. Subretinal fibrosis developed in two eyes in group A and none of the eyes in group B. CONCLUSION: The disease is an exaggerated form of ICSC and can occur spontaneously without any history of corticosteroid therapy. Recognition of this atypical presentation is important to avoid inappropriate treatment. These observations suggest that with respect to the duration of the disease and the final visual outcome laser therapy offers no additional benefit over the natural course of this variant form of ICSC. (+info)CT-revealed choroidal effusions as a sign of carotid cavernous fistula. (6/183)
Choroidal effusions may appear as subtle abnormalities on CT scans. Recognition of choroidal effusions, however, is critical because they may be an early sign of ocular pathologic abnormality. After detection, the various causes of choroidal effusions, such as carotid cavernous fistulas, ocular hypotony, tumors, and inflammatory conditions, should be considered. (+info)Choroidal thickness changes during altered eye growth and refractive state in a primate. (7/183)
PURPOSE: In the chick, compensation for experimentally induced defocus involves changes in the thickness of the choroid. The choroid thickens in response to imposed myopic defocus and thins in response to imposed hyperopic defocus. This study was undertaken to determine whether similar choroidal changes occur in the primate eye with induced refractive errors. METHODS: Thirty-three common marmosets were used. Eyes in 26 monkeys served as untreated control eyes, and eyes in 7 received 3 weeks of monocular lid suture to induce changes in eye growth and refractive state. Refractive errors were measured using refractometry and retinoscopy, and axial ocular dimensions, including choroidal thickness, were measured using high-frequency A-scan ultrasonography. Eyes were measured before the lids were sutured and at frequent intervals after lid opening. RESULTS: In the marmoset, choroidal thickness ranges from 88 to 150 microm and increases significantly during the first year of life. Monocular lid suture initially results in short, hyperopic eyes that then become elongated and myopic. In these animals the choroids of both the experimental and the fellow control eyes also increase in thickness with age but additionally show interocular differences that vary significantly with the relative changes in vitreous chamber depth and refraction. In eyes that are shorter and more hyperopic than control eyes the choroids are thicker, and in eyes that are longer and more myopic than control eyes the choroids are thinner. CONCLUSIONS: In marmosets, the thickness of the choroid increases during postnatal eye growth. Superimposed on this developmental increase in choroidal thickness there are changes in thickness that are correlated with the induced changes in eye size. These changes are small (<50 microm) in comparison with those observed in the chick, contributing to less than a diopter change in refractive error. (+info)Early treatment with cyclosporin in serpiginous choroidopathy maintains remission and good visual outcome. (8/183)
AIMS: To describe management and clinical outcomes of serpiginous choroidopathy treated primarily with cyclosporin at a tertiary uveitis referral centre METHODS: A case series of 14 eyes of seven patients with serpiginous choroidopathy with follow up ranging from 1.3 to 13 years is described. All patients had fundus lesions consistent with serpiginous choroidopathy, were investigated for systemic disease, had fluorescein angiography, and were treated with combined immunosuppressive therapy including cyclosporin. RESULTS: No patients suffered significant loss of acuity after starting systemic immunosuppression with cyclosporin as the primary agent. All but one patient achieved remission and were able to stop medications with no recurrences in the follow up period. Side effects from cyclosporin were well tolerated and there were no serious complications from immunosuppression. CONCLUSIONS: Cyclosporin is a safe and effective option with which to manage serpiginous choroidopathy. Significantly, adequate immunosuppression can result in clinical remission and cessation of therapy in some patients. (+info)The choroid is a part of the eye located between the retina and the sclera, which contains a large number of blood vessels that supply oxygen and nutrients to the outer layers of the retina. Choroid diseases refer to various medical conditions that affect the health and function of the choroid. Here are some examples:
1. Choroidal neovascularization (CNV): This is a condition where new blood vessels grow from the choroid into the retina, leading to fluid accumulation, bleeding, and scarring. CNV can cause vision loss and is often associated with age-related macular degeneration, myopia, and inflammatory eye diseases.
2. Chorioretinitis: This is an infection or inflammation of the choroid and retina, which can be caused by various microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites. Symptoms may include blurred vision, floaters, light sensitivity, and eye pain.
3. Choroidal hemorrhage: This is a rare but serious condition where there is bleeding into the choroid, often caused by trauma, high blood pressure, or blood clotting disorders. It can lead to sudden vision loss and requires urgent medical attention.
4. Choroideremia: This is a genetic disorder that affects the choroid, retina, and optic nerve, leading to progressive vision loss. It is caused by mutations in the CHM gene and primarily affects males.
5. Central serous retinopathy (CSR): This is a condition where fluid accumulates under the retina, often in the macula, causing distortion or blurring of vision. While the exact cause is unknown, CSR is thought to be related to stress, steroid use, and other factors that affect the choroid's ability to regulate fluid.
6. Polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV): This is a condition where abnormal blood vessels form in the choroid, leading to serous or hemorrhagic detachment of the retina. PCV is often associated with age-related macular degeneration and can cause vision loss if left untreated.
These are just a few examples of choroidal disorders that can affect vision. If you experience any sudden changes in your vision, it's important to seek medical attention promptly.
The choroid plexus is a network of blood vessels and tissue located within each ventricle (fluid-filled space) of the brain. It plays a crucial role in the production of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), which provides protection and nourishment to the brain and spinal cord.
The choroid plexus consists of modified ependymal cells, called plexus epithelial cells, that line the ventricular walls. These cells have finger-like projections called villi, which increase their surface area for efficient CSF production. The blood vessels within the choroid plexus transport nutrients, ions, and water to these epithelial cells, where they are actively secreted into the ventricles to form CSF.
In addition to its role in CSF production, the choroid plexus also acts as a barrier between the blood and the central nervous system (CNS), regulating the exchange of substances between them. This barrier function is primarily attributed to tight junctions present between the epithelial cells, which limit the paracellular movement of molecules.
Abnormalities in the choroid plexus can lead to various neurological conditions, such as hydrocephalus (excessive accumulation of CSF) or certain types of brain tumors.
The choroid is a layer of the eye that contains blood vessels that supply oxygen and nutrients to the outer layers of the retina. It lies between the sclera (the white, protective coat of the eye) and the retina (the light-sensitive tissue at the back of the eye). The choroid is essential for maintaining the health and function of the retina, particularly the photoreceptor cells that detect light and transmit visual signals to the brain. Damage to the choroid can lead to vision loss or impairment.
Choroid plexus neoplasms are rare types of brain tumors that arise from the choroid plexus, which are clusters of blood vessels in the ventricles (fluid-filled spaces) of the brain. These tumors can be benign (choroid plexus papilloma) or malignant (choroid plexus carcinoma). Choroid plexus neoplasms most commonly occur in children under the age of 2, but they can also affect adults. Symptoms may include increased head circumference, hydrocephalus (fluid buildup in the brain), vomiting, and developmental delays. Treatment typically involves surgical removal of the tumor, followed by radiation therapy or chemotherapy for malignant tumors.
A choroid plexus papilloma is a rare, benign (non-cancerous) tumor that develops in the choroid plexus, which are clusters of blood vessels and specialized cells in the ventricles of the brain. These tumors can occur at any age but are more common in children under the age of 10.
Choroid plexus papillomas arise from the ependymal cells that line the ventricular system and produce cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). The tumor grows slowly and tends to block the flow of CSF, leading to increased intracranial pressure and symptoms such as headaches, vomiting, irritability, and developmental delays in children.
The medical definition of choroid plexus papilloma is: "A benign, slow-growing tumor that arises from the ependymal cells of the choroid plexus in the ventricles of the brain. The tumor can obstruct the flow of cerebrospinal fluid and cause increased intracranial pressure."
It is important to note that while choroid plexus papillomas are generally benign, they can still cause significant symptoms due to their location in the brain and the obstruction of CSF flow. Treatment typically involves surgical removal of the tumor, followed by radiation therapy or chemotherapy if necessary.
Choroid neoplasms are abnormal growths that develop in the choroid, a layer of blood vessels that lies between the retina and the sclera (the white of the eye). These growths can be benign or malignant (cancerous). Benign choroid neoplasms include choroidal hemangiomas and choroidal osteomas. Malignant choroid neoplasms are typically choroidal melanomas, which are the most common primary eye tumors in adults. Other types of malignant choroid neoplasms include metastatic tumors that have spread to the eye from other parts of the body. Symptoms of choroid neoplasms can vary depending on the size and location of the growth, but may include blurred vision, floaters, or a dark spot in the visual field. Treatment options depend on the type, size, and location of the tumor, as well as the patient's overall health and personal preferences.
Cerebral ventricle neoplasms refer to tumors that develop within the cerebral ventricles, which are fluid-filled spaces in the brain. These tumors can arise from various types of cells within the ventricular system, including the ependymal cells that line the ventricles, choroid plexus cells that produce cerebrospinal fluid, or other surrounding tissues.
Cerebral ventricle neoplasms can cause a variety of symptoms depending on their size and location, such as headaches, nausea, vomiting, vision changes, imbalance, weakness, or difficulty with mental tasks. The treatment options for these tumors may include surgical resection, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy, depending on the type and extent of the tumor. Regular follow-up care is essential to monitor for recurrence and manage any long-term effects of treatment.
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is a clear, colorless fluid that surrounds and protects the brain and spinal cord. It acts as a shock absorber for the central nervous system and provides nutrients to the brain while removing waste products. CSF is produced by specialized cells called ependymal cells in the choroid plexus of the ventricles (fluid-filled spaces) inside the brain. From there, it circulates through the ventricular system and around the outside of the brain and spinal cord before being absorbed back into the bloodstream. CSF analysis is an important diagnostic tool for various neurological conditions, including infections, inflammation, and cancer.
The Uvea, also known as the uveal tract or vascular tunic, is the middle layer of the eye between the sclera (the white, protective outer coat) and the retina (the light-sensitive inner layer). It consists of three main parts: the iris (the colored part of the eye), the ciliary body (structures that control the lens shape and produce aqueous humor), and the choroid (a layer of blood vessels that provides oxygen and nutrients to the retina). Inflammation of the uvea is called uveitis.
The ependyma is a type of epithelial tissue that lines the ventricular system of the brain and the central canal of the spinal cord. These cells are specialized glial cells that help to form the blood-brain barrier, regulate the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) composition, and provide support and protection for the nervous tissue.
Ependymal cells have a cuboidal or columnar shape and possess numerous cilia on their apical surface, which helps to circulate CSF within the ventricles. They also have tight junctions that help to form the blood-brain barrier and prevent the passage of harmful substances from the blood into the CSF.
In addition to their role in maintaining the integrity of the CNS, ependymal cells can also differentiate into other types of cells, such as neurons and glial cells, under certain conditions. This property has made them a topic of interest in regenerative medicine and the study of neurodevelopmental disorders.
The pigment epithelium of the eye, also known as the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), is a layer of cells located between the photoreceptor cells of the retina and the choroid, which is the vascular layer of the eye. The RPE plays a crucial role in maintaining the health and function of the photoreceptors by providing them with nutrients, removing waste products, and helping to regulate the light that enters the eye.
The RPE cells contain pigment granules that absorb excess light, preventing it from scattering within the eye and improving visual acuity. They also help to create a barrier between the retina and the choroid, which is important for maintaining the proper functioning of the photoreceptors. Additionally, the RPE plays a role in the regeneration of visual pigments in the photoreceptor cells, allowing us to see in different light conditions.
Damage to the RPE can lead to various eye diseases and conditions, including age-related macular degeneration (AMD), which is a leading cause of vision loss in older adults.
The sclera is the tough, white, fibrous outer coating of the eye in humans and other vertebrates, covering about five sixths of the eyeball's surface. It provides protection for the delicate inner structures of the eye and maintains its shape. The sclera is composed mainly of collagen and elastic fiber, making it strong and resilient. Its name comes from the Greek word "skleros," which means hard.
Gyrate atrophy is a rare inherited eye disorder that is characterized by progressive degeneration of the retina, which is the light-sensitive tissue at the back of the eye. It is caused by a deficiency in an enzyme called ornithine aminotransferase (OAT), which is necessary for the normal metabolism of an amino acid called ornithine.
The accumulation of ornithine in the retinal cells leads to their degeneration and the formation of well-demarcated, circular areas of atrophy (gyrates) in the retina. This can result in decreased vision, night blindness, and a progressive loss of visual field, which can ultimately lead to legal or complete blindness.
Gyrate atrophy is typically inherited as an autosomal recessive trait, meaning that an individual must inherit two copies of the mutated gene (one from each parent) in order to develop the condition. The disorder usually becomes apparent in childhood or adolescence and can progress slowly over several decades. There is currently no cure for gyrate atrophy, but dietary restrictions and supplements may help slow its progression.
Karl Friedrich Canstatt
Polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy
Geographic atrophy
Progressive retinal atrophy
Hypotony maculopathy
Border Collie
Autoimmune retinopathy
Pachychoroid disorders of the macula
Rab escort protein 1
Cancer associated retinopathy
Cytomegalovirus retinitis
CII protein
Collie eye anomaly
John-Ross Rizzo
Choroid
Ocular melanosis
Robert MacLaren
Bietti's crystalline dystrophy
Macular telangiectasia
Birdshot chorioretinopathy
List of MeSH codes (C11)
Choroideremia
Sickle cell retinopathy
Transthyretin
Choroid plexus
Acute retinal necrosis
Corpora arenacea
Choroid plexus carcinoma
Jonathan Hutchinson
Stem cell therapy for macular degeneration
Involvement of the choroid plexus in the pathogenesis of Niemann-Pick disease type C
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Gyrate atrophy of the choroid and retina: MedlinePlus Genetics
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Opthamology Data (1971-75)
Search: protein class:Peroxisomal diseases - The Human Protein Atlas
Retina12
- Gyrate atrophy of the choroid and retina is an inherited disorder of protein metabolism characterized by progressive vision loss. (nih.gov)
- While most people with gyrate atrophy of the choroid and retina have no symptoms other than vision loss, neonatal hyperammonemia (excess ammonia in the blood in the newborn period), neurological abnormalities, intellectual disability, peripheral nerve problems, and muscle weakness may occur. (nih.gov)
- When Do Symptoms of Gyrate atrophy of choroid and retina Begin? (nih.gov)
- Gyrate atrophy of the choroid and retina, which is often shortened to gyrate atrophy, is an inherited disorder characterized by progressive vision loss. (medlineplus.gov)
- This fellowship provides broad and extensive exposure to the management of diseases of the retina, as a basis for pursuing a subsequent career in academic medical retina or a medical retina practice. (masseyeandear.org)
- Clinically, the fellow will be able to demonstrate competency in the evaluation and management of diseases of the retina, vitreous, and choroid. (masseyeandear.org)
- The Retina Macula Conference is a cornerstone in the teaching of fellows, and aims to create a systematic approach towards the diagnosis and treatment of retinal disease. (masseyeandear.org)
- In addition, medical retina patients are seen in every clinic, and the fellows gain extensive experience in the diagnosis and management of macular diseases. (masseyeandear.org)
- On the right: layers within the retina and the adjacent choroid. (nih.gov)
- This fluid often comes from the choroid, a blood vessel layer beneath the retina. (oomc.com)
- The choroid is a tissue that supplies oxygen to the eyes' retina and it occurs in collie puppies up to about 2 years old. (collieslife.com)
- Clearside's SCS injection platform, utilizing the Company's patented SCS Microinjector ® , enables an in-office, repeatable, non-surgical procedure for the targeted and compartmentalized delivery of a wide variety of therapies to the macula, retina, or choroid to potentially preserve and improve vision in patients with sight-threatening eye diseases. (wlns.com)
Disorders5
- The fellow also has an opportunity to treat patients with a variety of posterior segment inflammatory disorders and pediatric retinal diseases. (masseyeandear.org)
- Glycogen Storage Diseases Glycogen storage diseases are carbohydrate metabolism disorders. (msdmanuals.com)
- Disorders of the choroid including hereditary choroidal diseases, neoplasms, and other abnormalities of the vascular layer of the uvea. (bvsalud.org)
- The glymphatic system, a fluid-clearance pathway involved in brain waste clearance, is known to be impaired in neurological disorders, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). (isciii.es)
- Likewise, there is now up-to-date evidence indicating that ABCA4 is also implicated in the pathogenesis of various other retinal diseases beyond Stargardt, and we now consider age-related macular degeneration (AMD), some cone-rod dystrophies and forms of retinitis pigmentosa, ABCA4 -related disorders as well. (eyewiki.org)
Progression9
- Many studies have also highlighted the importance of the choroid in the diagnosis, pathophysiology, and progression of the disease. (nih.gov)
- In an important discovery, scientists have demonstrated that the progression of a type of genetic brain disease is slowed and symptoms are improved in mice that received cell transplants. (news-medical.net)
- This landmark £6.9million research project has been designed to identify measurable characteristics, known as biomarkers, which can detect the occurrence of Alzheimer's disease very early on in the progression of the disease - when a person may have no obvious symptoms. (neurodegenerationresearch.eu)
- Our goal is to find treatments that can slow down or even stop the progression of Alzheimer's disease. (neurodegenerationresearch.eu)
- Routine structural neuroimaging evaluation has long been based on nonspecific features such as atrophy, which is a late feature in the progression of the disease. (medscape.com)
- Determine how changes in the BBB contribute to the progression of disease using sequencing, mouse models, and blood-brain barrier assays. (curealz.org)
- Glb1l3 was the only Glb-related member strongly downregulated in Rpe65 −/− retinas before the onset and during progression of the disease. (molvis.org)
- The disease progression is slow, but ultimately all experience severe visual disability between the 4th and 7th decade. (eyewiki.org)
- Nonetheless, it is important to note that the observed clinical phenotype of Stargardt patients is also significantly influenced by age at time of diagnosis and, accordingly, progression of the disease. (eyewiki.org)
Alzheimer's disease28
- Researchers have discovered that an organ in the brain called the choroid plexus apparently plays a critical role in preventing the accumulation of a protein associated with Alzheimer's disease. (news-medical.net)
- Zinc may be a familiar dietary supplement to millions of health-conscious people, but it remains a mystery metal to scientists who study zinc's role in Alzheimer's disease, stroke and other health problems. (news-medical.net)
- Oregon Health & Science University is participating in a national study of a drug that may prevent Alzheimer's disease by blocking an enzyme that produces plaques believed to trigger the disorder. (news-medical.net)
- PHOENIX, Ariz. - February 24, 2023 - A grape-like structure in the brain called the choroid plexus becomes enlarged and shows increased accumulation of abnormal inflammatory molecular signaling in people with Alzheimer's disease, according to a new study published in the journal Alzheimer's & Dementia: The Journal of the Alzheimer's Association . (tgen.org)
- The choroid plexus increases in volume with age and Alzheimer's disease. (tgen.org)
- Dr. Pirrotte continues to work on potential external risk factors that might exacerbate these changes, "and could accelerate the development of Alzheimer's Disease," he said. (tgen.org)
- The purpose of this study was to examine the levels of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) apolipoprotein E (apoE) species in Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients. (biomedcentral.com)
- Studies have reported higher plasma matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) levels in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). (biomedcentral.com)
- Carefully conducted systematic reviews (SRs) can provide reliable evidence on the effectiveness of treatment strategies for Alzheimer's disease (AD). (biomedcentral.com)
- Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia affecting the growing aging population today, with prevalence expected to rise over the next 35 years. (frontiersin.org)
- The growth in life expectancy and the developing aging population has led to the increased prevalence of chronic diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). (frontiersin.org)
- Alzheimer's disease is a heterogeneous disease and has multiple cognitive subtypes. (frontiersin.org)
- The variant of AD in which visual symptoms are prominent due to the localized pathology in the parieto-occipital region is often referred to as visual variant Alzheimer's disease (VVAD) ( 13 ). (frontiersin.org)
- A new multimillion pound study to detect Alzheimer's disease has been announced. (neurodegenerationresearch.eu)
- The Deep and Frequent Phenotyping study is funded by the National Institute of Health Research and the MRC and hopes to dramatically improve the success rate of clinical trials for treatments in Alzheimer's disease. (neurodegenerationresearch.eu)
- Between 2002 and 2012, 99% of clinical trials into treatments for Alzheimer's disease failed. (neurodegenerationresearch.eu)
- Due to the complex pathological mechanisms of Alzheimer's disease (AD), its treatment remains a challenge. (frontiersin.org)
- Taking Alzheimer's disease (AD) as an example, it is the most prevalent neurodegenerative disease, and its pathogenesis has not been fully elucidated ( 1 ). (frontiersin.org)
- Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia, and neuroinflammation is an important hallmark of the pathogenesis. (ugent.be)
- Reduced microglial responses to persistent joint inflammation in a model of Alzheimer's disease. (keystonesymposia.org)
- Despite evidence demonstrating that impairments in the clearance of toxic waste in the brain contribute to late-onset Alzheimer's disease, the science of lymphatic system dysfunction and the systems regulating entry and exit through the blood-brain barrier has been largely overlooked in Alzheimer's disease - until now. (curealz.org)
- Characterize the blood-choroid plexus barrier in young, old, and Alzheimer's disease model mice. (curealz.org)
- Explore how the blood-brain barrier changes during Alzheimer's disease. (curealz.org)
- From The New York Times: Why Didn't She Get Alzheimer's Disease? (curealz.org)
- Cure Alzheimer's Fund is a "doing business as" name for the Alzheimer's Disease Research Foundation, a 501(c)(3) public charity with federal tax ID #52-239-6428. (curealz.org)
- Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease and the most common form of dementia. (howest.be)
- Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia and is a neurodegenerative disease in which changes occur in the brain. (howest.be)
- Aquaporin 5 in Alzheimer's disease: a link between oral and brain pathology? (isciii.es)
Choroidal5
- The purpose of this review is to analyze the current diagnostic tools for choroidal evaluation and the extrapolation of useful data for ophthalmologists and researchers studying the disease. (nih.gov)
- The odds of having a best corrected visual acuity worse than 20/25 were 38.3 times higher in patients with a macular choroidal thickness of 168.7 mcm or less than in those with a thicker macular choroid (p=0.004). (medscape.com)
- 13. The seasick choroid: a finding on enhanced depth imaging spectral-domain optical coherence tomography of choroidal lymphoma. (nih.gov)
- Additionally, he/she will be able demonstrate competency in laser treatment of retinal and choroidal diseases. (masseyeandear.org)
- Choroidal metastases usually appear late and are generally a sign of advanced metastatic disease and poor prognosis [ 3 ]. (omicsonline.org)
Neurological Diseases4
- The scientists compared the CSF choroid plexus in healthy individuals and people with Alzheimer's, as well as patients with other neurological diseases such as acute Lyme disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis or ALS. (tgen.org)
- NEUROPROTECTIVE CNS BARRIERS IN NEUROLOGICAL DISEASES RELEASE DATE: August 28, 2003 PA NUMBER: PAS-03-165 March 2, 2006 (NOT-OD-06-046) - Effective with the June 1, 2006 submission date, all R03, R21, R33 and R34 applications must be submitted through Grants.gov using the electronic SF424 (R&R) application. (nih.gov)
- This PAS encourages studies focused on improving our understanding of the neuroprotective CNS barriers and enhancing the effectiveness of drug and gene delivery strategies for treatment of neurological diseases. (nih.gov)
- Also, research is needed on the role of the brain microvasculature in protecting the brain from toxic agents and how damage to the BBB leads to long-term neurological toxicity in the development of many neurological diseases. (nih.gov)
Tissue4
- which is the specialized light-sensitive tissue that lines the back of the eye, and in a nearby tissue layer called the choroid. (medlineplus.gov)
- Following up on studies that show the choroid plexus can be damaged in aging and Alzheimer's, Dr. Stokin and his colleagues wanted to focus more deeply on the role that this tissue may play in neuroinflammation in the disease. (tgen.org)
- Improving our knowledge of the molecular and cellular biology of the brain microvasculature and their interactions with surrounding brain cells, which constitutes the BBB in vivo, could lead to innovative strategies for drug and gene targeting to injured or disease tissue. (nih.gov)
- Here, we report that TNF is the main inflammatory upstream mediator in choroid plexus tissue in AD patients. (ugent.be)
Uveitis3
- Anterior uveitis (AU) inflammation from the iris choroid or ciliary body can cause significant eye morbidity including visual loss. (exposed-skin-care.net)
- Introduction Anterior uveitis (AU) inflammation of the iris choroid and/or ciliary body can be idiopathic or secondary to an underlying autoimmune condition. (exposed-skin-care.net)
- A search was further conducted specifically on eye diseases where active smoking has been proposed to be a risk factor, including age-related macular degeneration, Graves ophthalmology, glaucoma, uveitis, refractive errors, strabismus, tobacco-alcohol amblyopia, non-arteritic ischaemic optic neuropathy, Leber optic neuropathy and diabetic retinopathy. (bmj.com)
Neurodegenerative Disease1
- AD is a genetic and sporadic neurodegenerative disease that is a common cause of cognitive impairment acquired in midlife and in late life, but its clinical impact is modified by other neurodegenerative and cerebrovascular conditions. (medscape.com)
Thicker1
- Patients with Meniere disease (MD) have a thicker choroid and Haller layer on the ipsilateral side than controls, according to a study published online Nov. (giachinoplasticsurgery.com)
Systemic9
- We report a case of choroid metastasis which was the first sign of systemic dissemination of the disease. (omicsonline.org)
- Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic disease of unclear etiology, characterized by an overactive immune system and the production of antibodies that may target normal tissues of many organ systems, including the kidneys. (nih.gov)
- Unique patterns are associated with underlying systemic diseases. (exposed-skin-care.net)
- 04 alleles during systemic corticosteroid therapy in patients with VKH disease. (researchsquare.com)
- Methods: This retrospective case series included 57 eyes from 29 consecutive patients with treatment-naïve VKH disease who received systemic corticosteroid therapy. (researchsquare.com)
- Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH) disease is a systemic disorder that is considered to represent an autoimmune disease against melanocytes [1]. (researchsquare.com)
- In the eye, the disease presents as acute bilateral granulomatous panuveitis, which responds to systemic corticosteroid therapy and generally shows good visual prognosis with relatively short follow-up [2]. (researchsquare.com)
- HLA, and HLA-DRB1*04 in particular, therefore plays a key role in immune systemic function, as well as in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases, including VKH [5]. (researchsquare.com)
- This retrospective case series included 57 eyes from 29 consecutive patients with treatment-naïve VKH disease who visited the ophthalmology department at Osaka City University Hospital between December 2009 and January 2019 and were followed up for more than 6 months after the start of systemic corticosteroid therapy. (researchsquare.com)
Diagnosis5
- It also potentially improves disease management and quality of life for AD patients, as an earlier diagnosis allows initiation of medication and treatment. (frontiersin.org)
- For quick diagnosis and early treatment, Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH) disease requires a multidisciplinary management strategy involving dermatologists and ophthalmologists. (medscape.com)
- The diagnosis of VKH disease is based on a constellation of clinical signs and symptoms with no confirmatory tests. (medscape.com)
- Other changes in the CSF include the presence of melanin-laden macrophages (specific for VKH disease and helpful in confirming the diagnosis), increased protein levels, and increased pressure. (medscape.com)
- New neuroimaging methods not only facilitate diagnosis of the most common neurodegenerative conditions (particularly AD) after symptom onset but also show diagnostic promise even at very early or presymptomatic phases of the disease. (medscape.com)
Tumor3
- In addition, misdiagnosis may result from attempts to classify a choroid plexus tumor as benign or malignant solely on the basis of imaging characteristics. (medscape.com)
- C138190 CTS-API Disease Main Type Terminology C3088 Angiosarcoma A malignant tumor arising from the endothelial cells of the blood vessels. (nih.gov)
- Neuroimaging is widely believed to be generally useful for excluding reversible causes of dementia syndrome such as normal-pressure hydrocephalus, brain tumor, and subdural hematoma, and for excluding other likely causes of dementia such as cerebrovascular disease. (medscape.com)
Beta-amyloid1
- Pathologic hallmarks of the disease include beta-amyloid (Aβ) plaques, neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs), and reactive gliosis. (medscape.com)
Dementia6
- Considerable overlap exists between the risk factors of dementia and cerebral small vessel disease (SVD). (biomedcentral.com)
- According to the World Health Organization (WHO) Global Burden of Disease (2004), dementia is the second largest contributor leading to total number of years living with disability (YLD) in people aged 60 years or older at 13.5%, compared to heart disease (4.0%), stroke (4.4%), and cancer (2.2%) ( 1 ). (frontiersin.org)
- It is likely that treatments will be more effective in slowing or stopping further at onset of dementia at earlier stages of the disease. (neurodegenerationresearch.eu)
- Alzheimer disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by gradual onset of dementia . (medscape.com)
- The dopamine transporter (DaTScan) is used to distinguish Lewy body dementia from Alzheimer disease. (medscape.com)
- In an effort to understand why patients who appear virus free are afflicted with AIDS-related dementia and other illnesses, researchers have focused on disease-fighting cells, called macrophages and monocytes, as they traffic throughout the body and into the brain. (technologynetworks.com)
Tumors2
- Choroid plexus papillomas (CPPs) are rare central nervous system tumors. (medscape.com)
- 16. Review of spectral domain enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography of tumors of the choroid. (nih.gov)
Abnormalities1
- The researchers found protein abnormalities and "an aberrant signaling of immune molecules" in the CSF and choroid plexus of people with Alzheimer's," said study author Patrick Pirrotte, Ph.D. , Director of TGen's Collaborative Center for Translational Mass Spectrometry. (tgen.org)
Characterize1
- The main hallmarks that characterize the disease are neurodegeneration, amyloid beta plaques (Aß plaques) , neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) and activation of microglia and astrocytes. (howest.be)
Fluorescein Angiography1
- Fluorescein angiography of the left eye in a patient with Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease. (medscape.com)
Ophthalmology1
- The vision problems associated with ROP remain poorly understood, and little is known about the choroid's role in the disease, they note in JAMA Ophthalmology online September 26. (medscape.com)
Meningeal1
- The brain is comprised of multiple barriers including the blood-brain barrier, the blood- choroid plexus barrier, meningeal lymphatics, and the blood-meningeal barrier. (curealz.org)
Syndrome2
- Although a number of HLA associations with VKH disease have been documented, HLA typing is not diagnostic of the syndrome and is not routinely recommended. (medscape.com)
- The disease goes by many names such as macaw wasting syndrome, myenteric ganglioneuritis, proventricular dilatation syndrome and more. (avianstudios.com)
Involvement1
- The choroid is in an integral relationship with the retinal pigment epithelium and photoreceptors, and its possible involvement during the disease should be considered. (nih.gov)
Gene7
- RARe-SOURCE™ offers rare disease gene variant annotations and links to rare disease gene literature. (nih.gov)
- 213 disease terms (MeSH) has been reported with TLR9 gene. (cdc.gov)
- Choroideremia affects men more than women because the gene responsible for the disease is located on the X chromosome. (nih.gov)
- Effect of mutations in the glucocerebrosidase-1 gene on iPS cell-derived neurons from Parkinson´s disease patients. (fundacionareces.es)
- 17 disease terms (MeSH) has been reported with FBLN5 gene. (cdc.gov)
- Stargardt-like macular dystrophies (STGD3, OMIM #600110) involving dominant mutations in the ELOVL4 gene (6q14.1) present with overlapping clinical features but are not currently classified as typical Stargardt disease. (eyewiki.org)
- The ABCA4 gene maps to the short arm of chromosome 1 (1p22.1) and presents with extraordinary allelic heterogeneity, with over 490 disease-associated variants discovered thus far, most of which are missense mutations. (eyewiki.org)
Inflammation1
- We assessed the association between ambient levels of fine PM [median aerodynamic diameter ≤ 2.5 μm (PM 2.5 )] measured at fixed-site monitoring stations and SLE disease activity measured with the SLE Disease Activity Index, version 2000 (SLEDAI-2K), which includes anti-double-stranded DNA (anti-dsDNA) serum-specific autoantibodies and renal tubule cellular casts in urine, which reflects serious renal inflammation. (nih.gov)
Inflammatory3
- They analyzed inflammatory signaling in the CSF, as well as structure and volume changes in the choroid plexus in postmortem brains and in patients using MRI. (tgen.org)
- The changes in choroid plexus volume in this group could be related to the recruitment of more inflammatory cells," said Mária Čarná, Ph.D., of St. Ann's University Hospital Brno, and the papers first author. (tgen.org)
- The bottom line is that the disease is characterized by a specific inflammatory pattern found around nerves that causes the target organ to fail. (avianstudios.com)
Cerebral2
- A variety of imaging modalities, including structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and positron emission tomography (PET) studies of cerebral metabolism, have shown characteristic changes in the brain of patients with Alzheimer disease in prodromal and even presymptomatic states. (medscape.com)
- Neurovascular dysfunction, including blood-brain barrier (BBB) breakdown and cerebral blood flow (CBF) dysregulation and reduction, is increasingly recognized as contributing to Alzheimer disease. (medscape.com)
Patients with VKH disease1
- More than 80% of patients with VKH disease exhibit a transient CSF pleocytosis, which consists primarily of lymphocytes during the first several weeks of the disease. (medscape.com)
Macular degeneration1
- This review focuses on the effects of oxidative stress and the role of a particular antioxidant system-the Keap1-Nrf2-ARE pathway-on ocular diseases, specifically age-related macular degeneration, cataracts, diabetic retinopathy, and glaucoma. (hindawi.com)
Alzheimer6
- Alzheimer disease (AD) is biologically defined by the presence of β-amyloid-containing plaques and tau-containing neurofibrillary tangles. (medscape.com)
- Alzheimer disease is diagnosed via clinical, neuropsychological, and neuroimaging assessments. (medscape.com)
- Alzheimer disease was first described in 1907 by Alois Alzheimer. (medscape.com)
- Although it was regarded as a rare disease when it was first described, Alzheimer disease has become one of the most common diseases in the aging population, ranking as the fourth most common cause of death. (medscape.com)
- Coronal, T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan in a patient with moderate Alzheimer disease. (medscape.com)
- MRI can be considered the preferred neuroimaging examination for Alzheimer disease because it allows accurate measurement of the 3-dimensional (3D) volume of brain structures, especially the size of the hippocampus and related regions. (medscape.com)
Vogt-Koyana2
- 15. Enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography of the choroid in Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease. (nih.gov)
- 04 in Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH) disease is well known. (researchsquare.com)
Amyotrophic lateral s1
- Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) and Other Motor Neuron Diseases (MNDs) Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and other motor neuron diseases are characterized by steady, relentless, progressive degeneration of corticospinal tracts, anterior horn cells, bulbar motor nuclei. (msdmanuals.com)
Brain5
- An international team of researchers, including scientists from the Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen), part of City of Hope , show that these changes appear to be a more extreme or perturbed version of changes seen in the choroid plexus-part of the blood-brain barrier-during normal aging. (tgen.org)
- Understanding the basic biology of how the BBB works under normal and disease conditions across the lifespan may also provide insight on the integrative function of the brain. (nih.gov)
- The brain Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a left choroid metastasis. (omicsonline.org)
- A decrease in CSF production and clearance is thought to contribute to the dysregulation in the brain that arises with aging and neurodegenerative diseases. (curealz.org)
- As infection progressed, the researchers found MAC387 macrophages accumulated in the meninges and choroid plexus in early-stage brain infection. (technologynetworks.com)
Parkinson Disease2
- Parkinson Disease Parkinson disease is a slowly progressive, degenerative disorder characterized by resting tremor, stiffness (rigidity), slow and decreased movement (bradykinesia), and eventually gait and/or. (msdmanuals.com)
- Neuropsychiatric Symptoms and Parkinson Disease Are We Looking Carefully Enough? (neurology.org)
Cerebrospinal fluid2
- The choroid plexus is a network of blood vessels and cells that produces cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and creates a barrier between CSF and blood circulating throughout the body. (tgen.org)
- The blood-cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) barrier consists of a monolayer of choroid plexus epithelial (CPE) cells, and AD is associated with changes in CPE cell morphology. (ugent.be)
Clinically1
- This is characterized clinically by depigmentation of the choroid. (medscape.com)
Symptoms6
- Symptoms of this disease may start to appear as a Child. (nih.gov)
- The age symptoms may begin to appear differs between diseases. (nih.gov)
- The symptoms from some diseases may begin at any age. (nih.gov)
- The types of symptoms experienced, and their intensity, may vary among people with this disease. (nih.gov)
- If you're experiencing symptoms or have been diagnosed with a macular disease, such as macular edema or central serous retinopathy, eye experts at OOMC practices can help develop a personalized treatment plan for your condition. (oomc.com)
- The disease probably starts twenty years before the first symptoms appear and occurs mainly in elderly people. (howest.be)
Prognosis1
- Conclusion: Alleles of HLA-DRB1*04 might affect visual prognosis and be related to early response after initiation of treatment in VKH disease. (researchsquare.com)
Retinal disease1
- Indeed, different combinations of ABCA4 alleles are predicted to result in distinct phenotypes, in a continuum of retinal disease manifestations and it appears the severity of disease is deemed inversely proportional to the residual ABCA4 activity. (eyewiki.org)
Humans2
- We provide novel data that suggest that short-term variations in air pollution may influence disease activity in established autoimmune rheumatic disease in humans. (nih.gov)
- Bornavirus is a RNA type virus and has previously been reported to cause, or is associated with, disease in rats, horses, primates, chickens, pigs, humans and now parrots and finches. (avianstudios.com)
Cognitive3
- One striking finding from the study was that "the larger the choroid plexus, the poorer the cognitive performance in those Alzheimer's patients," said Gorazd B. Stokin, M.D., Ph.D., principal investigator at the International Clinical Research Center of St. Ann's University Hospital Brno, Czech Republic, and senior author of the study. (tgen.org)
- With the help of cognitive performance tests taken by some patients, the team also showed that increased choroid plexus volume was correlated with poorer cognitive performance. (tgen.org)
- Diagnostic investigations are limited, and physicians rely on clinical examination and exclusion of differential diagnoses that may cause cognitive impairment, such as depression, Parkinson's disease (PD), hypothyroidism, drug interactions, and vitamin deficiencies ( 6 ). (frontiersin.org)
Chronic1
- When disease relapses within 3 months of discontinuing treatment it is classified as chronic (1). (exposed-skin-care.net)
Blood1
- New research from UT Southwestern Medical Center indicates that lowering "bad" blood cholesterol earlier in life, even by a modest amount, confers substantial protection from coronary heart disease. (news-medical.net)