Choroid Plexus
Choroid
Cerebral Hemorrhage
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
Choroid Plexus Neoplasms
Intracranial Hemorrhages
Choroid Neoplasms
Papilloma, Choroid Plexus
Postpartum Hemorrhage
Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage
New animal model for human ocular toxocariasis: ophthalmoscopic observation. (1/21)
BACKGROUND/AIMS: Although human ocular toxocariasis causes severe vision defect, little is known about its aetiology, diagnosis, and treatment. To develop a new animal model for human ocular toxocariasis, ophthalmological findings of fundi in Mongolian gerbils, Meriones unguiculatus, and BALB/c mice were investigated following infection with Toxocara canis. METHODS: Using an ophthalmoscope, which was specifically developed to observe the fundi of small animals, ocular changes of fundi of 20 gerbils and 11 mice were monitored after oral infection with embryonated eggs of T canis. RESULTS: Vitreous, choroidal, and retinal haemorrhages were consistently observed in Mongolian gerbils, but rarely in mice. Severe exudative lesions and vasculitis were often present in gerbils but not in mice. Migrating larvae were also frequently observed in gerbils. CONCLUSION: Mongolian gerbils are more appropriate animal model for human ocular toxocariasis than previously used experimental animal such as mice, guinea pigs, rabbits, and monkeys because of its high susceptibility of ocular infection. (+info)Massive suprachoroidal hemorrhage with retinal and vitreous incarceration; a vitreoretinal surgical approach. (2/21)
Suprachoroidal hemorrhage(SH) may cause the expulsion of the intraocular contents. Vitreous incarceration in the wound and retinal detachment with SH are extremely poor prognostic signs. Treatment modalities depend on the severity of eye damage. This particular patient had "kissing" hemorrhagic choroidal detachment which completely filled the vitreous cavity after cataract surgery. It seemed to be inoperable. Secondary surgery was delayed 3 days to lower IOP to normal levels. The eye underwent anterior drainage sclerotomy under constantly-maintained limbal or pars plana infusion fluid line pressure. The authors performed a pars plana vitrectomy, followed by perfluorocarbon liquid injection and a silicone oil tamponade. After this surgical approach, the patient attained an attached retina and a visual acuity of 5/200 at the 3 month follow-up. (+info)Expulsive choroidal haemorrhage. (3/21)
Expulsive choroidal haemorrhage is a dramatic and serious complication of cataract surgery that occurred in five patients out of ten thousand consecutive cataract surgeries performed by the author during the year 1989 and 1990. Report about this dreaded complication after cataract surgery are scanty and as far as I can remember I have not seen any report in Indian ophthalmic literature recently. Since cataract surgery forms the major part of intra ocular surgeries performed in our country, I thought it would be appropriate to report about this rare complication which may occur to all of us. Out of five cases 3 were males and 2 were females in the age group ranging between 45-72 years. Two eyes regained vision up to 6/12 after intra operative expulsive haemorrhage. All the eyes were salvaged by doing anterior sclerotomy. Diabetes, hypertension, glaucoma and myopia are the commonest predisposing factors. (+info)Suprachoroidal haemorrhage complicating cataract surgery in the UK: a case control study of risk factors. (4/21)
AIMS: To study the risk factors for suprachoroidal haemorrhage (SCH) complicating cataract surgery in the United Kingdom. METHODS: 109 cases of SCH complicating cataract surgery prospectively collected through the British Ophthalmological Surveillance Unit were compared with 449 controls that underwent cataract extraction from 13 "control centres" throughout UK in a case control study. 40 systemic, ophthalmic, and operative variables were examined. RESULTS: Statistically significant risk factors for SCH in univariate analysis included: older age (p<0.001), taking at least one cardiovascular medication (p<0.001), peripheral vascular disease (p = 0.014), hyperlipidaemia (p = 0.005), glaucoma (p<0.001), elevated preoperative intraocular pressure (p<0.001), sub-Tenon's local anaesthesia (LA) (p<0.001), topical LA (p<0.001), the lack of orbital compression following LA (p<0.001), posterior capsule (PC) rupture before SCH (p<0.001), elective extracapsular cataract extraction (ECCE) (p = 0.038), and phacoemulsification conversion (p<0.001). Logistic regression analysis identified the following significant independent risk factors: older age, taking at least one cardiovascular medication, glaucoma, elevated preoperative intraocular pressure, the lack of orbital compression, PC rupture before SCH, elective ECCE, and phacoemulsification conversion. CONCLUSION: The results allow identification of patients at risk of SCH. Attention to the various modifiable preoperative and intraoperative risk factors is recommended in order to minimise the risk of SCH. (+info)Suprachoroidal haemorrhage complicating cataract surgery in the UK: epidemiology, clinical features, management, and outcomes. (5/21)
AIMS: To study the incidence, management, and outcomes of suprachoroidal haemorrhage (SCH) complicating cataract surgery in the United Kingdom. METHODS: Cases were prospectively collected by active surveillance through the British Ophthalmological Surveillance Unit. Details were obtained using an incident questionnaire with follow up at 6 months. RESULTS: 118 cases were reported in 1 year. The estimated incidence of SCH was 0.04% (95% confidence interval 0.034% to 0.050%). Cataract extractions were by phacoemulsification in 76.2%, extracapsular cataract extraction (ECCE) in 11.0%, and phacoemulsification conversion in 12.8%. SCH was "limited" (1 to 2 quadrants) in 48.7%, "full blown" (3 to 4 quadrants) in 43.1%. SCH in phacoemulsification was more likely to be limited (63.2%), compared with ECCE (11.1%) and phacoemulsification conversion (23.1%) (p<0.001, chi(2) test). Visual acuity (VA) was better than 6/60 in 57 of 95 (60%) cases after a median follow up interval of 185 days. 33 of 34 cases (97.1%) with secondary anterior segment revision had VA better than 6/60. VA was worse than 6/60 in 7 of 8 (87.5%) cases that had intraoperative sclerostomy, and in all 6 (100%) cases that had secondary posterior segment intervention. CONCLUSION: SCH is a rare but serious complication of cataract surgery. Poor prognostic factors included full blown SCH, ECCE, phacoemulsification conversion, retinal apposition, and retinal detachment. (+info)Surgery for hemorrhagic choroidal neovascular lesions of age-related macular degeneration: ophthalmic findings: SST report no. 13. (6/21)
PURPOSE: To present best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) findings and other clinical outcomes from eyes of patients enrolled in one of the Submacular Surgery Trials (SST) evaluating surgical removal versus observation of predominantly hemorrhagic subfoveal choroidal neovascularization (CNV) associated with age-related macular degeneration. DESIGN: Randomized clinical trial (SST Group B Trial). PARTICIPANTS: Eligible patients had subfoveal choroidal neovascular lesions greater than 3.5 disk areas (8.9 mm2) composed of at least 50% blood (either blood or CNV underlying the center of the foveal avascular zone) and BCVA of 20/100 to light perception in the study eye. INTERVENTION: Patients were assigned randomly at time of enrollment to observation or surgical removal of blood and any associated CNV. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: A successful outcome was defined a priori as either improvement in visual acuity (VA), no change in VA, or a decline in VA of no more than 1 line (7 letters) from baseline to the 24-month examination based on an intent-to-treat analysis. RESULTS: Of 336 patients enrolled, 168 were assigned to each treatment arm; treatment arms were balanced by baseline characteristics. Of 1501 expected examinations 3 months through 36 months after baseline, 1370 (91%) were performed. Loss of > or =2 lines (> or =8 letters) of VA occurred in 56% of surgery eyes, versus 59% of observation eyes examined at 24 months. Although severe loss of VA was not the primary outcome of interest, surgery more often prevented such loss: 36% in the observation arm versus 21% in the surgery arm at the 24-month examination (chi2 P = 0.004). Of initially phakic eyes, the cumulative percentage that had undergone cataract surgery by 24 months was 44% in the surgery arm, compared with 6% in the observation arm. Twenty-seven eyes (16%) in the surgical arm, compared with 3 eyes (2%) in the observation arm, had a rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RD). CONCLUSIONS: Submacular surgery as performed in the SST Group B Trial did not increase the chance of stable or improved VA (the primary outcome of interest) and was associated with a high risk of rhegmatogenous RD, but did reduce the risk of severe VA loss in comparison with observation. This article contains additional online-only material available at http://www.ophsource.com/periodicals/ophtha. (+info)Surgery for hemorrhagic choroidal neovascular lesions of age-related macular degeneration: quality-of-life findings: SST report no. 14. (7/21)
PURPOSE: To present and compare findings from health-related quality-of-life (HRQOL) interviews conducted with patients enrolled in the SST Group B Trial evaluating surgical removal of subfoveal choroidal neovascular lesions associated with age-related macular degeneration versus observation. DESIGN: Randomized clinical trial. PARTICIPANTS: Eligible patients had predominantly hemorrhagic subfoveal choroidal neovascular lesions (total lesion size of >3.5 disc areas, area of blood at least 50% of the lesion area, and at least 75% of blood posterior to the equator) and best-corrected visual acuity (VA) of 20/100 to <20/1600 but at least light perception in the study eye. Three hundred thirty-six patients enrolled after baseline quality-of-life interviews, 168 assigned to each of surgery or observation. METHODS: Clinical and HRQOL data were collected before randomization and at 6, 12, 24, 36, and 48 months after enrollment. Baseline clinical evidence was used to stratify patients as having unilateral or bilateral neovascularization at the time of randomization. The HRQOL interviews included the National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire (NEI-VFQ), the 36-item Short Form Health Survey, and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. MAIN OUTCOMES MEASURE: Two-year change in NEI-VFQ. RESULTS: At 24 months after enrollment, overall NEI-VFQ scores had a median decrease of 1 point from baseline in the observation arm (95% confidence interval [CI]: -4 to 3 points) and no change in the surgery arm (95% CI: -3 to 3 points) (P = 0.70). Changes from baseline on NEI-VFQ subscales also were similar between treatment arms. Differences in scores by unilateral or bilateral involvement seen at baseline in each treatment arm persisted throughout follow-up for most outcomes. Planned analyses stratified by VA showed trends (P = 0.17) in favor of surgery at 24 months in the patients with baseline VA greater than 20/200 for the NEI-VFQ scale (3.5-point median increase from baseline in the surgery arm [95% CI: -4 to 7] vs. a 1-point median loss from baseline in the observation arm [95% CI: -6 to 4]). CONCLUSIONS: No difference was detected with respect to vision-targeted quality-of-life outcomes for patients randomized to surgery or observation in the SST Group B Trial. This article contains additional online-only material available at www.ophsource.com/periodicals/ophtha. (+info)Suprachoroidal haemorrhage. Secondary management. (8/21)
We report a case of successful management of expulsive suprachoroidal haemorrhage following cataract surgery. This case study highlights the strategy of adequate management. (+info)A choroid hemorrhage is a type of hemorrhage that occurs in the choroid layer of the eye. The choroid is a part of the uveal tract, which is located between the retina and the sclera (the white outer coat of the eye). It contains numerous blood vessels that supply oxygen and nutrients to the retina.
A choroid hemorrhage occurs when there is bleeding in the choroid layer, which can cause sudden vision loss or other visual symptoms. The bleeding may result from various causes, such as trauma, hypertension, blood disorders, or inflammatory conditions affecting the eye. In some cases, the exact cause of a choroid hemorrhage may be difficult to determine.
Treatment for a choroid hemorrhage depends on the underlying cause and severity of the bleeding. In some cases, observation and monitoring may be sufficient, while in other cases, medical or surgical intervention may be necessary to manage the condition and prevent further vision loss.
The choroid plexus is a network of blood vessels and tissue located within each ventricle (fluid-filled space) of the brain. It plays a crucial role in the production of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), which provides protection and nourishment to the brain and spinal cord.
The choroid plexus consists of modified ependymal cells, called plexus epithelial cells, that line the ventricular walls. These cells have finger-like projections called villi, which increase their surface area for efficient CSF production. The blood vessels within the choroid plexus transport nutrients, ions, and water to these epithelial cells, where they are actively secreted into the ventricles to form CSF.
In addition to its role in CSF production, the choroid plexus also acts as a barrier between the blood and the central nervous system (CNS), regulating the exchange of substances between them. This barrier function is primarily attributed to tight junctions present between the epithelial cells, which limit the paracellular movement of molecules.
Abnormalities in the choroid plexus can lead to various neurological conditions, such as hydrocephalus (excessive accumulation of CSF) or certain types of brain tumors.
The choroid is a layer of the eye that contains blood vessels that supply oxygen and nutrients to the outer layers of the retina. It lies between the sclera (the white, protective coat of the eye) and the retina (the light-sensitive tissue at the back of the eye). The choroid is essential for maintaining the health and function of the retina, particularly the photoreceptor cells that detect light and transmit visual signals to the brain. Damage to the choroid can lead to vision loss or impairment.
Hemorrhage is defined in the medical context as an excessive loss of blood from the circulatory system, which can occur due to various reasons such as injury, surgery, or underlying health conditions that affect blood clotting or the integrity of blood vessels. The bleeding may be internal, external, visible, or concealed, and it can vary in severity from minor to life-threatening, depending on the location and extent of the bleeding. Hemorrhage is a serious medical emergency that requires immediate attention and treatment to prevent further blood loss, organ damage, and potential death.
A cerebral hemorrhage, also known as an intracranial hemorrhage or intracerebral hemorrhage, is a type of stroke that results from bleeding within the brain tissue. It occurs when a weakened blood vessel bursts and causes localized bleeding in the brain. This bleeding can increase pressure in the skull, damage nearby brain cells, and release toxic substances that further harm brain tissues.
Cerebral hemorrhages are often caused by chronic conditions like hypertension (high blood pressure) or cerebral amyloid angiopathy, which weakens the walls of blood vessels over time. Other potential causes include trauma, aneurysms, arteriovenous malformations, illicit drug use, and brain tumors. Symptoms may include sudden headache, weakness, numbness, difficulty speaking or understanding speech, vision problems, loss of balance, and altered level of consciousness. Immediate medical attention is required to diagnose and manage cerebral hemorrhage through imaging techniques, supportive care, and possible surgical interventions.
A subarachnoid hemorrhage is a type of stroke that results from bleeding into the space surrounding the brain, specifically within the subarachnoid space which contains cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). This space is located between the arachnoid membrane and the pia mater, two of the three layers that make up the meninges, the protective covering of the brain and spinal cord.
The bleeding typically originates from a ruptured aneurysm, a weakened area in the wall of a cerebral artery, or less commonly from arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) or head trauma. The sudden influx of blood into the CSF-filled space can cause increased intracranial pressure, irritation to the brain, and vasospasms, leading to further ischemia and potential additional neurological damage.
Symptoms of a subarachnoid hemorrhage may include sudden onset of severe headache (often described as "the worst headache of my life"), neck stiffness, altered mental status, nausea, vomiting, photophobia, and focal neurological deficits. Rapid diagnosis and treatment are crucial to prevent further complications and improve the chances of recovery.
Choroid plexus neoplasms are rare types of brain tumors that arise from the choroid plexus, which are clusters of blood vessels in the ventricles (fluid-filled spaces) of the brain. These tumors can be benign (choroid plexus papilloma) or malignant (choroid plexus carcinoma). Choroid plexus neoplasms most commonly occur in children under the age of 2, but they can also affect adults. Symptoms may include increased head circumference, hydrocephalus (fluid buildup in the brain), vomiting, and developmental delays. Treatment typically involves surgical removal of the tumor, followed by radiation therapy or chemotherapy for malignant tumors.
Intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) is a type of stroke caused by bleeding within the brain or its surrounding tissues. It's a serious medical emergency that requires immediate attention and treatment. The bleeding can occur in various locations:
1. Epidural hematoma: Bleeding between the dura mater (the outermost protective covering of the brain) and the skull. This is often caused by trauma, such as a head injury.
2. Subdural hematoma: Bleeding between the dura mater and the brain's surface, which can also be caused by trauma.
3. Subarachnoid hemorrhage: Bleeding in the subarachnoid space, which is filled with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and surrounds the brain. This type of ICH is commonly caused by the rupture of an intracranial aneurysm or arteriovenous malformation.
4. Intraparenchymal hemorrhage: Bleeding within the brain tissue itself, which can be caused by hypertension (high blood pressure), amyloid angiopathy, or trauma.
5. Intraventricular hemorrhage: Bleeding into the brain's ventricular system, which contains CSF and communicates with the subarachnoid space. This type of ICH is often seen in premature infants but can also be caused by head trauma or aneurysm rupture in adults.
Symptoms of intracranial hemorrhage may include sudden severe headache, vomiting, altered consciousness, confusion, seizures, weakness, numbness, or paralysis on one side of the body, vision changes, or difficulty speaking or understanding speech. Rapid diagnosis and treatment are crucial to prevent further brain damage and potential long-term disabilities or death.
A retinal hemorrhage is a type of bleeding that occurs in the blood vessels of the retina, which is the light-sensitive tissue located at the back of the eye. This condition can result from various underlying causes, including diabetes, high blood pressure, age-related macular degeneration, or trauma to the eye. Retinal hemorrhages can be categorized into different types based on their location and appearance, such as dot and blot hemorrhages, flame-shaped hemorrhages, or subhyaloid hemorrhages. Depending on the severity and cause of the hemorrhage, treatment options may vary from monitoring to laser therapy, medication, or even surgery. It is essential to consult an ophthalmologist for a proper evaluation and management plan if you suspect a retinal hemorrhage.
Choroid neoplasms are abnormal growths that develop in the choroid, a layer of blood vessels that lies between the retina and the sclera (the white of the eye). These growths can be benign or malignant (cancerous). Benign choroid neoplasms include choroidal hemangiomas and choroidal osteomas. Malignant choroid neoplasms are typically choroidal melanomas, which are the most common primary eye tumors in adults. Other types of malignant choroid neoplasms include metastatic tumors that have spread to the eye from other parts of the body. Symptoms of choroid neoplasms can vary depending on the size and location of the growth, but may include blurred vision, floaters, or a dark spot in the visual field. Treatment options depend on the type, size, and location of the tumor, as well as the patient's overall health and personal preferences.
A choroid plexus papilloma is a rare, benign (non-cancerous) tumor that develops in the choroid plexus, which are clusters of blood vessels and specialized cells in the ventricles of the brain. These tumors can occur at any age but are more common in children under the age of 10.
Choroid plexus papillomas arise from the ependymal cells that line the ventricular system and produce cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). The tumor grows slowly and tends to block the flow of CSF, leading to increased intracranial pressure and symptoms such as headaches, vomiting, irritability, and developmental delays in children.
The medical definition of choroid plexus papilloma is: "A benign, slow-growing tumor that arises from the ependymal cells of the choroid plexus in the ventricles of the brain. The tumor can obstruct the flow of cerebrospinal fluid and cause increased intracranial pressure."
It is important to note that while choroid plexus papillomas are generally benign, they can still cause significant symptoms due to their location in the brain and the obstruction of CSF flow. Treatment typically involves surgical removal of the tumor, followed by radiation therapy or chemotherapy if necessary.
Postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) is a significant obstetrical complication defined as the loss of more than 500 milliliters of blood within the first 24 hours after childbirth, whether it occurs vaginally or through cesarean section. It can also be defined as a blood loss of more than 1000 mL in relation to the amount of blood lost during the procedure and the patient's baseline hematocrit level.
Postpartum hemorrhage is classified into two types: primary (early) PPH, which occurs within the first 24 hours after delivery, and secondary (late) PPH, which happens between 24 hours and 12 weeks postpartum. The most common causes of PPH are uterine atony, trauma to the genital tract, retained placental tissue, and coagulopathy.
Uterine atony is the inability of the uterus to contract effectively after delivery, leading to excessive bleeding. Trauma to the genital tract can occur during childbirth, causing lacerations or tears that may result in bleeding. Retained placental tissue refers to the remnants of the placenta left inside the uterus, which can cause infection and heavy bleeding. Coagulopathy is a condition where the blood has difficulty clotting, leading to uncontrolled bleeding.
Symptoms of PPH include excessive vaginal bleeding, low blood pressure, increased heart rate, decreased urine output, and signs of shock such as confusion, rapid breathing, and pale skin. Treatment for PPH includes uterotonics, manual removal of retained placental tissue, repair of genital tract lacerations, blood transfusions, and surgery if necessary.
Preventing PPH involves proper antenatal care, monitoring high-risk pregnancies, active management of the third stage of labor, and prompt recognition and treatment of any bleeding complications during or after delivery.
Gastrointestinal (GI) hemorrhage is a term used to describe any bleeding that occurs in the gastrointestinal tract, which includes the esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, and rectum. The bleeding can range from mild to severe and can produce symptoms such as vomiting blood, passing black or tarry stools, or having low blood pressure.
GI hemorrhage can be classified as either upper or lower, depending on the location of the bleed. Upper GI hemorrhage refers to bleeding that occurs above the ligament of Treitz, which is a point in the small intestine where it becomes narrower and turns a corner. Common causes of upper GI hemorrhage include gastritis, ulcers, esophageal varices, and Mallory-Weiss tears.
Lower GI hemorrhage refers to bleeding that occurs below the ligament of Treitz. Common causes of lower GI hemorrhage include diverticulosis, colitis, inflammatory bowel disease, and vascular abnormalities such as angiodysplasia.
The diagnosis of GI hemorrhage is often made based on the patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, and diagnostic tests such as endoscopy, CT scan, or radionuclide scanning. Treatment depends on the severity and cause of the bleeding and may include medications, endoscopic procedures, surgery, or a combination of these approaches.
A Vitreous Hemorrhage is a medical condition where there is bleeding into the vitreous cavity of the eye. The vitreous cavity is the space in the eye that is filled with a clear, gel-like substance called the vitreous humor. This substance helps to maintain the shape of the eye and transmit light to the retina.
When a vitreous hemorrhage occurs, blood cells from the bleeding mix with the vitreous humor, causing it to become cloudy or hazy. As a result, vision can become significantly impaired, ranging from mildly blurry to complete loss of vision depending on the severity of the bleed.
Vitreous hemorrhages can occur due to various reasons such as trauma, retinal tears or detachments, diabetic retinopathy, age-related macular degeneration, and other eye conditions that affect the blood vessels in the eye. Treatment for vitreous hemorrhage depends on the underlying cause and may include observation, laser surgery, or vitrectomy (a surgical procedure to remove the vitreous humor and stop the bleeding).
An eye hemorrhage, also known as subconjunctival hemorrhage, is a condition where there is bleeding in the eye, specifically under the conjunctiva which is the clear membrane that covers the white part of the eye (sclera). This membrane has tiny blood vessels that can rupture and cause blood to accumulate, leading to a visible red patch on the surface of the eye.
Eye hemorrhages are usually painless and harmless, and they often resolve on their own within 1-2 weeks without any treatment. However, if they occur frequently or are accompanied by other symptoms such as vision changes, pain, or sensitivity to light, it is important to seek medical attention as they could indicate a more serious underlying condition. Common causes of eye hemorrhages include trauma, high blood pressure, blood thinners, and aging.
Intracranial pressure
Collie eye anomaly
Choroid plexus tumor
Intraventricular hemorrhage
Choroid plexus papilloma
Cataract surgery
Retinal haemorrhage
Intraocular hemorrhage
Choroid plexus carcinoma
List of MeSH codes (C23)
Retinal vasculitis
List of MeSH codes (C11)
Pachychoroid disorders of the macula
Macular degeneration
Eye disease
Hydrocephalus
Ventricular system
List of ICD-9 codes 320-389: diseases of the nervous system and sense organs
Sickle cell retinopathy
List of MeSH codes (C10)
Diffuse neonatal hemangiomatosis
Choroidal neovascularization
History of neuroimaging
Familial Danish dementia
Ungulate protoparvovirus 1
Neovascularization
Osmotherapy
Polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy
Intracerebroventricular injection
Cerebral softening
Factor XI deficiency and delayed hemorrhages after resection of choroid plexus papilloma: illustrative case
Pathology of Choroid Plexus Neoplasms: Overview, Etiology, Clinical Features
Intracranial pressure - Wikipedia
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Retina8
- However, vision loss may result from involvement of the retina, choroid and optic nerve. (bmj.com)
- In addition, new, diseased blood vessels form in the choroid under the retina, so that thickness of the retina is an important parameter of how active the disease is. (bayer.com)
- In this case, posterior uveal infiltration caused thickening of the choroid that moved the retina forward. (eyecancer.com)
- 26.5 mm, plus characteristic degenerative changes of the sclera/ choroid/retina) who were diagnosed with mCNV using FA. (medscape.org)
- Green channel images provide excellent contrast of retina, especially of vasculature and hemorrhages. (zeiss.com)
- The choroid is a delicate pattern of fine blood vessels that supplies and nourishes the retina. (can-c.net)
- Age-Related Macular Degeneration , Age-related macular degeneration begins with characteristic yellow deposits in the macula (central area of the retina which provides detailed central vision, called fovea) called drusen between the retinal pigment epithelium and the underlying choroid. (fortworth2020.com)
- When a high-velocity projectile such as a BB passes adjacent to the globe, there are direct and indirect shock wave forces which can lead to simultaneous retraction of the choroid and retina leaving an area of bare sclera at the site of the break. (eyerounds.org)
Subarachnoid hemorrhage3
- citation needed] Increased CSF production can occur in meningitis, subarachnoid hemorrhage, or choroid plexus tumor. (wikipedia.org)
- BACKGROUND: Acute hydrocephalus (ventricular enlargement within 72 hours) is a common complication in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). (erdogan.edu.tr)
- Furthermore, in about 10% of patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage, the CSF samples might be clear if the samples are collected 12 hours after the hemorrhage occurred. (medscape.com)
Inflammation3
- Although our systematic analysis yields no molecular traces of SARS-CoV-2 in the brain, we observe broad cellular perturbations indicating that barrier cells of the choroid plexus sense and relay peripheral inflammation into the brain and show that peripheral T cells infiltrate the parenchyma. (nature.com)
- The choroid plexus is severely enlarged due to acute inflammation and hemorrhage, and protrudes from the lateral ventricle. (iastate.edu)
- PHH is a complex condition that involves neuro-inflammation (8), alterations in ventricular zone (VZ) junctional biology (10-14), and choroid plexus (ChP) hypersecretion (15), among other processes. (researchsquare.com)
Vitreous5
- B ) The corresponding ultrasound shows a clear vitreous cavity and a detached, thickened choroid. (ajtmh.org)
- F ) The corresponding ultrasound shows a uniform increase in vitreous echoes suggestive of vitreous hemorrhage. (ajtmh.org)
- H ) The corresponding ultrasound shows exudates and vitreous hemorrhage. (ajtmh.org)
- J ) Ultrasound shows persistent vitreous hemorrhage. (ajtmh.org)
- Other changes may include retinal hemorrhages, edema, exudates, nerve fiber layer infarcts, and vitreous hemorrhage secondary to neovascularization. (medscape.com)
Intracranial4
- LESSONS The known association between choroid plexus tumors and intracranial bleeding raised differential diagnosis issues. (uniroma1.it)
- [ 2 , 3 ] In adults, they account for less than 1% of primary intracranial neoplasms, whereas choroid plexus tumors represent up to 5% of pediatric brain tumors, and up to 20% of those arising in children aged 1 year and younger. (medscape.com)
- Choroid plexus neoplasms can produce hydrocephalus and increased intracranial pressure by a number of mechanisms, including obstruction of normal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow, overproduction of CSF by the tumor itself, local expansion of the ventricles, or spontaneous hemorrhage. (medscape.com)
- It was, however, a series of articles on the use of sonography for diagnosing and following intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) and its complications in the neonate that was to contribute most to the use of sonography in pediatric neuroradiology in these early years. (ajnr.org)
Hydrocephalus2
- citation needed] Obstruction to CSF flow and/or absorption can occur in hydrocephalus (blockage in ventricles or subarachnoid space at base of brain, e.g., by Arnold-Chiari malformation), extensive meningeal disease (e.g., infection, carcinoma, granuloma, or hemorrhage), or obstruction in cerebral convexities and superior sagittal sinus (decreased absorption). (wikipedia.org)
- Intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) and post-hemorrhagic hydrocephalus (PHH) have complex pathophysiology involving inflammatory response, ventricular zone and cell-cell junction disruption, and choroid-plexus (ChP) hypersecretion. (researchsquare.com)
Retinal Pigment Ep1
- Retinal Pigment Epithelium and Choroid Translocation in Massive Submacular Hemorrhage. (stanford.edu)
Plexus papilloma2
- Choroid plexus tumors are graded based on the World Health Organization (WHO) classification scheme and include choroid plexus papilloma (CPP) (WHO grade I) (see the following image), atypical choroid plexus papilloma (WHO grade II), and choroid plexus carcinoma (CPC) (WHO grade III). (medscape.com)
- This coronal T1-weighted magnetic resonance image (MRI) following contrast administration shows a homogeneously enhancing choroid plexus papilloma within the right lateral ventricle of a 1-year-old boy. (medscape.com)
Macular Hemorrhage3
- However, there is currently no consensus regarding the ideal treatment for macular hemorrhage. (stanford.edu)
- The purpose of this book on macular hemorrhage is twofold: it aims both to impart valuable information on pathophysiology, risk factors, diagnostic aspects, and prognostic criteria under different conditions and to provide a systematic overview of therapeutic approaches that cover the most important situations a vitreoretinal surgeon might encounter when treating patients with this disorder. (stanford.edu)
- Case presentations, clinical photographs, and an extensive review of the literature supplement the important information on clinical decision making, surgical techniques, and typical pitfalls and invite the reader to explore the advantages and disadvantages of various approaches to the management of macular hemorrhage. (stanford.edu)
Choroidal Hemorrhage3
- Choroidal hemorrhage is common in older patients and its occurrence is not predictable. (healthpages.org)
- This infrequent and unpredictable bleeding is known as choroidal hemorrhage. (can-c.net)
- In some cases of choroidal hemorrhage, the bleeding is localized, but in more severe cases of choroidal hemorrhage, visual loss can be substantial. (can-c.net)
Intraventricular hemorrhage1
- Extremely preterm infants (i.e., born below 28 gestational weeks), are at high risk of developing brain morbidities including intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) and neurodevelopmental impairment. (lu.se)
Tumors4
- Choroid plexus neoplasms are rare, intraventricular, primary central nervous system (CNS) tumors derived from choroid plexus epithelium that are seen predominantly in children. (medscape.com)
- Up to 90% of choroid plexus tumors in children are papillomas, and up to 70% of all choroid plexus papillomas occur in children younger than 2 years. (medscape.com)
- Although the vast majority of choroid plexus tumors are sporadic, hereditary factors appear to play a role in the development of some choroid plexus papillomas and carcinomas. (medscape.com)
- Most patients are found to have retinal tumors with hemorrhage, optic nerve swelling (papilledema) or cells in the anterior chamber of the eye (hypopyon/hyphema). (eyecancer.com)
Subretinal1
- Swept-Source OCT (Topcon DRI Triton) demonstrating subretinal fluid and a large area of subretinal hyper-reflective material (SRHM) consistent with the hemorrhage seen on color photography. (topconhealthcare.com)
Ocular4
- Ocular hemorrhage, p.214-221. (scielo.br)
- Sub- or preretinal hemorrhage involving the macula is a typical complication in a variety of ocular diseases, including age-related macular degeneration, arterial macroaneurysm, Valsalva retinopathy, and trauma. (stanford.edu)
- Furthermore, glaucoma and thickened choroid, linked to the port-wine stain, are recurrent ocular findings in all three conditions. (hindawi.com)
- Excluded patients with co-existing retinal conditions, history of ocular inflammation in the study eye, significant media opacities, or large haemorrhage. (medscape.org)
Occur2
- During the surgical procedure, acute bleeding may occur in the choroid. (healthpages.org)
- While bleeding can occur inside the front of the eye where the actually surgery is being performed, which is quite rare, more serious acute bleeding can occur in the choroid. (can-c.net)
Disorder1
- Hyphema presented as a unilateral (14 cases out of 20) or bilateral (6/20) disorder in dogs and cats and extension of hemorrhage varied from minimal to diffuse. (scielo.br)
Cysts1
- Lecture: The nervous system in preterm infants - intraventricular haemorrhage, ventricular dilatation and asymmetry, cysts including choroid cysts, periventricular leukomalacia, neonatal encephalopathy, cooling in the neonatal setting. (pro-osteo.com)
Secondary1
- Despite the well-known risk factors, the pathogenesis of ICH is unclear, and the site of bleeding has rarely been demonstrated histologically due to the difficulty in examining tissue destroyed by hemorrhage as well as secondary bleeding caused by the disruption of surrounding arteries [ 12 , 13 ]. (nature.com)
Surgical1
- Diagnosis usually follows unexpected hemorrhages occurring spontaneously or after trauma or surgical procedures. (uniroma1.it)
Etiology1
- Only one of the 12 subjects with CBAs had a large ICH, and the etiology underlying the hemorrhage was likely multifactorial. (nature.com)
Anterior chamber of the eye2
- Hyphema (hemorrhage within the anterior chamber of the eye) can be caused by several mechanisms and can easily be detected in routine ophthalmic or necroscopic examination as discolored red eye(s). (scielo.br)
- is defined as hemorrhage within the anterior chamber of the eye ( Miller 2008 Miller P.E.2008. (scielo.br)
Morbidity and morta1
- Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. (nature.com)
Cerebral1
- Hypertension and cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) are the most common causes of primary ICH, but the mechanism of hemorrhage in both conditions is unclear. (nature.com)
Degenerative changes1
- In hypertension, the cause of hemorrhage is thought to be elevated blood pressure-induced degenerative changes in the penetrating arterioles leading to rupture [ 14 ]. (nature.com)
Necrosis2
- First described as the source of bleeding in hypertensive hemorrhage, they are also one of the CAA-associated microangiopathies along with fibrinoid necrosis, fibrosis and "lumen within a lumen appearance. (nature.com)
- Endothelial cell damage and necrosis is believed to be responsible for the petechial hemorrhages and edema that accompany IBR. (iastate.edu)
Edema1
- There are many pleural hemorrhages, and the lung is moderately noncollapsed (edema). (iastate.edu)
Rupture1
- They were first described by Charcot and Bouchard in 1868 as a cause of hypertensive hemorrhage when they rupture [ 18 , 19 ]. (nature.com)
Ventricles2
- The vast majority of choroid plexus neoplasms arise within the ventricles. (medscape.com)
- The choroid plexuses located in the ventricles produce CSF, which fills the ventricles and subarachnoid space, following a cycle of constant production and reabsorption. (medscape.com)
Severe1
- Previous studies have reported that maternal SARS-CoV-2 infections and immunological responses elevate the risk of altered fetal brain development, fetal death, growth restrictions and severe pathologies such as intraventricular hemorrhages and pneumonia. (news-medical.net)
Cortical6
- Next, the team examined the counts of cleaved caspase-3+ cells to determine whether the older or recent hemorrhages were related to increased cell deaths within cortical tissues. (news-medical.net)
- Cortical hemorrhage was observed among 26 specimens out of 661 fetal brain specimens. (news-medical.net)
- Only two similar cases with cortical hemorrhages were observed among 300 randomly chosen specimens out of 4,917 specimens sourced from the human development biology resource between September 1999 and December 2019. (news-medical.net)
- Therefore, the number of fetal specimens with cortical hemorrhages observed in the present study was unusual. (news-medical.net)
- On the contrary, SARS-CoV-2 S was abundantly present within the choroid plexus of the cortical hemorrhage specimens. (news-medical.net)
- Cortical hemorrhages were associated with reduced integrity of blood vasculature and increased immunological cell infiltration in the fetal brain. (news-medical.net)
Findings1
- However, contrasting findings of greater SARS-CoV-2 presence in the choroid plexus of the organoids have also been reported. (news-medical.net)
Surgery1
- This report may serve to help to investigate delayed hemorrhages after cranial surgery. (uniroma1.it)
Delicate1
- Choroid is a part of the eye where delicate blood vessels are seen. (healthpages.org)
Vessels2
- And not only that: because the substance causes existing edemas and pathologically formed new blood vessels in the choroid to recede, some of the photoreceptor cells that have not yet been completely destroyed can be saved - and visual acuity can even improve in some patients. (bayer.com)
- A pathological process consisting of the formation of new blood vessels in the CHOROID. (bvsalud.org)
Blood2
- One potential transport mechanism of blood-borne IGF-1 to reach the central nervous system is via the choroid plexus (ChP). (lu.se)
- In the developing world, AMD tends to be caused by abnormal blood vessel growth in the choroid and their subsequent movement into the RPE cells, leading to haemorrhaging, RPE or retinal detachment and scar formation. (aru.ac.uk)
Petechial1
- There are multiple petechial and paintbrush serosal hemorrhages. (iastate.edu)
Tissue1
- Fig. 1: Overview of diverse brain and choroid plexus cell types captured from post-mortem tissue from patients with COVID-19. (nature.com)