Tumors of the choroid; most common intraocular tumors are malignant melanomas of the choroid. These usually occur after puberty and increase in incidence with advancing age. Most malignant melanomas of the uveal tract develop from benign melanomas (nevi).
A villous structure of tangled masses of BLOOD VESSELS contained within the third, lateral, and fourth ventricles of the BRAIN. It regulates part of the production and composition of CEREBROSPINAL FLUID.
The thin, highly vascular membrane covering most of the posterior of the eye between the RETINA and SCLERA.
Benign or malignant tumors which arise from the choroid plexus of the ventricles of the brain. Papillomas (see PAPILLOMA, CHOROID PLEXUS) and carcinomas are the most common histologic subtypes, and tend to seed throughout the ventricular and subarachnoid spaces. Clinical features include headaches, ataxia and alterations of consciousness, primarily resulting from associated HYDROCEPHALUS. (From Devita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, p2072; J Neurosurg 1998 Mar;88(3):521-8)
A usually benign neoplasm that arises from the cuboidal epithelium of the choroid plexus and takes the form of an enlarged CHOROID PLEXUS, which may be associated with oversecretion of CSF. The tumor usually presents in the first decade of life with signs of increased intracranial pressure including HEADACHES; ATAXIA; DIPLOPIA; and alterations of mental status. In children it is most common in the lateral ventricles and in adults it tends to arise in the fourth ventricle. Malignant transformation to choroid plexus carcinomas may rarely occur. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p667; DeVita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, p2072)
Tumors or cancer of the PANCREAS. Depending on the types of ISLET CELLS present in the tumors, various hormones can be secreted: GLUCAGON from PANCREATIC ALPHA CELLS; INSULIN from PANCREATIC BETA CELLS; and SOMATOSTATIN from the SOMATOSTATIN-SECRETING CELLS. Most are malignant except the insulin-producing tumors (INSULINOMA).
New abnormal growth of tissue. Malignant neoplasms show a greater degree of anaplasia and have the properties of invasion and metastasis, compared to benign neoplasms.
Neoplasms containing cyst-like formations or producing mucin or serum.
Disorders of the choroid including hereditary choroidal diseases, neoplasms, and other abnormalities of the vascular layer of the uvea.
Neoplasms located in the brain ventricles, including the two lateral, the third, and the fourth ventricle. Ventricular tumors may be primary (e.g., CHOROID PLEXUS NEOPLASMS and GLIOMA, SUBEPENDYMAL), metastasize from distant organs, or occur as extensions of locally invasive tumors from adjacent brain structures.
Two or more abnormal growths of tissue occurring simultaneously and presumed to be of separate origin. The neoplasms may be histologically the same or different, and may be found in the same or different sites.
Tumors or cancer of the SKIN.
A watery fluid that is continuously produced in the CHOROID PLEXUS and circulates around the surface of the BRAIN; SPINAL CORD; and in the CEREBRAL VENTRICLES.
The pigmented vascular coat of the eyeball, consisting of the CHOROID; CILIARY BODY; and IRIS, which are continuous with each other. (Cline et al., Dictionary of Visual Science, 4th ed)
Tumors or cancers of the KIDNEY.
Abnormal growths of tissue that follow a previous neoplasm but are not metastases of the latter. The second neoplasm may have the same or different histological type and can occur in the same or different organs as the previous neoplasm but in all cases arises from an independent oncogenic event. The development of the second neoplasm may or may not be related to the treatment for the previous neoplasm since genetic risk or predisposing factors may actually be the cause.
Histochemical localization of immunoreactive substances using labeled antibodies as reagents.
A thin membrane that lines the CEREBRAL VENTRICLES and the central canal of the SPINAL CORD.
Tumors or cancer of the EYE.
An adenocarcinoma producing mucin in significant amounts. (From Dorland, 27th ed)
Tumors or cancer of the THYROID GLAND.
The layer of pigment-containing epithelial cells in the RETINA; the CILIARY BODY; and the IRIS in the eye.
Conditions which cause proliferation of hemopoietically active tissue or of tissue which has embryonic hemopoietic potential. They all involve dysregulation of multipotent MYELOID PROGENITOR CELLS, most often caused by a mutation in the JAK2 PROTEIN TYROSINE KINASE.
The white, opaque, fibrous, outer tunic of the eyeball, covering it entirely excepting the segment covered anteriorly by the cornea. It is essentially avascular but contains apertures for vessels, lymphatics, and nerves. It receives the tendons of insertion of the extraocular muscles and at the corneoscleral junction contains the canal of Schlemm. (From Cline et al., Dictionary of Visual Science, 4th ed)
Progressive, autosomal recessive, diffuse atrophy of the choroid, pigment epithelium, and sensory retina that begins in childhood.
DNA present in neoplastic tissue.
Tumors or cancer of the LUNG.
Tumors or cancer of the PAROTID GLAND.
A benign neoplasm derived from glandular epithelium, in which cystic accumulations of retained secretions are formed. In some instances, considerable portions of the neoplasm, or even the entire mass, may be cystic. (Stedman, 25th ed)
Neoplasms developing from some structure of the connective and subcutaneous tissue. The concept does not refer to neoplasms located in connective or soft tissue.
Neoplasms associated with a proliferation of a single clone of PLASMA CELLS and characterized by the secretion of PARAPROTEINS.
Tumors or cancer of the APPENDIX.
A pyridoxal phosphate enzyme that catalyzes the formation of glutamate gamma-semialdehyde and an L-amino acid from L-ornithine and a 2-keto-acid. EC 2.6.1.13.
Tumors or cancer of the LIVER.
Any fluid-filled closed cavity or sac that is lined by an EPITHELIUM. Cysts can be of normal, abnormal, non-neoplastic, or neoplastic tissues.
The organ of sight constituting a pair of globular organs made up of a three-layered roughly spherical structure specialized for receiving and responding to light.
A ring of tissue extending from the scleral spur to the ora serrata of the RETINA. It consists of the uveal portion and the epithelial portion. The ciliary muscle is in the uveal portion and the ciliary processes are in the epithelial portion.
A multilocular tumor with mucin secreting epithelium. They are most often found in the ovary, but are also found in the pancreas, appendix, and rarely, retroperitoneal and in the urinary bladder. They are considered to have low-grade malignant potential.
Tumors or cancer of the OVARY. These neoplasms can be benign or malignant. They are classified according to the tissue of origin, such as the surface EPITHELIUM, the stromal endocrine cells, and the totipotent GERM CELLS.
The three membranes that cover the BRAIN and the SPINAL CORD. They are the dura mater, the arachnoid, and the pia mater.
Tumors or cancer of the ENDOCRINE GLANDS.
The ten-layered nervous tissue membrane of the eye. It is continuous with the OPTIC NERVE and receives images of external objects and transmits visual impulses to the brain. Its outer surface is in contact with the CHOROID and the inner surface with the VITREOUS BODY. The outer-most layer is pigmented, whereas the inner nine layers are transparent.
Tumors or cancer of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT, from the MOUTH to the ANAL CANAL.
Carcinoma that arises from the PANCREATIC DUCTS. It accounts for the majority of cancers derived from the PANCREAS.
Experimentally induced new abnormal growth of TISSUES in animals to provide models for studying human neoplasms.
Neoplasms composed of vascular tissue. This concept does not refer to neoplasms located in blood vessels.

Ultrasonic characterisation of malignant melanoma of choroid. (1/324)

An in-vitro study of wave spectral analysis in 8 enucleated eyes was conducted in order to differentiate histological subtypes of malignant melanoma. To obtain the backscattering coefficient for the tissues, we used a broadband focussed transducer with a frequency range of 7-12 MHz and a centre frequency of 10 MHz. Experimental measurement of backscattering coefficient and attenuation coefficient at various frequencies was done by substitution techniques. The backscattering coefficient, scatterer size, and root mean square velocity fluctuation were derived by the numerical method, while the attenuation coefficient at 1 MHz was derived from attenuation coefficient at different frequencies. This study revealed that backscattering coefficient and attenuation coefficient, over a frequency range of 7-12 MHz, show an increase in the spindle cell type compared to the mixed cell type of malignant melanoma. Particularly, the scatterer size was significantly higher in the spindle cell group (p = 0.013) in contrast to the mixed cell type. Spindle cells have uniform and compact histological pattern which contributes to an increase in scatterer size and root mean square velocity fluctuation. The ultrasonically obtained parameters have been shown to have a good correlation with the histology of malignant melanoma.  (+info)

Radioactive phosphorus uptake testing of choroidal lesions. A report of two false-negative tests. (2/324)

Two false-negative results from 32P testing for histologically verified malignant melanomas of the choroid are reported. In the first case, a haemorrhagic choroidal detachment caused an increase in probe; additionally, the tumour was necrotic. Both factors are likely to have contributed to the false-negative result. A satisfactory explanation for the false-negative result in the second case was not determined, although it may have accurately reflected a period of minimal tumour activity, inasmuch as repeat 32P testing was strongly positive eight months later, when unequivocal evidence of tumour growth was present. An alternative explanation is that the orally administered 32P was incompletely absorbed. Since 32P testing is frequently accompanied by significant manipulation both in the manoeuvre associated with tumour localization and in that associated with the actual radioactive counting, it would seem desirable to perform indicated enucleation immediately after completion of the 32P testing. While the properly performed 32P test remains a valuable diagnostic test for helping to establish the presence or absence of malignancies of the posterior globe, it is important to guard against the tendency to underestimate careful clinical evaluation.  (+info)

Combination chemotherapy for choroidal melanoma: ex vivo sensitivity to treosulfan with gemcitabine or cytosine arabinoside. (3/324)

Treatment of choroidal melanoma by chemotherapy is usually unsuccessful, with response rates of less than 1% reported for dacarbazine (DTIC)-containing regimens which show 20% or more response rates in skin melanoma. Recently, we reported the activity of several cytotoxic agents against primary choroidal melanoma in an ATP-based tumour chemosensitivity assay (ATP-TCA). In this study, we have used the same method to examine the sensitivity of choroidal melanoma to combinations suggested by our earlier study. Tumour material from 36 enucleated eyes was tested against a battery of single agents and combinations which showed some activity in the previous study. The combination of treosulfan with gemcitabine or cytosine arabinoside showed consistent activity in 70% and 86% of cases, respectively. Paclitaxel was also active, particularly in combination with treosulfan (47%) or mitoxantrone (33%). Addition of paclitaxel to the combination of treosulfan + cytosine analogue added little increased sensitivity. For treosulfan + cytosine arabinoside, further sequence and timing experiments showed that simultaneous administration gave the greatest suppression, with minor loss of inhibition if the cytosine analogue was given 24 h after the treosulfan. Administration of cytosine analogue 24 h before treosulfan produced considerably less inhibition at any concentration. While we have so far been unable to study metastatic tumour from choroidal melanoma patients, the combination of treosulfan with gemcitabine or cytosine arabinoside shows activity ex vivo against primary tumour tissue. Clinical trials are in progress.  (+info)

Differential expression of the retinoblastoma gene family members in choroidal melanoma: prognostic significance. (4/324)

We evaluated 55 samples of choroidal melanoma managed by enucleation. Knowing that the immunohistochemical expression of the retinoblastoma gene family members Rb/p105, p107, and pRb2/p130 was inversely correlated with the degree of malignancy in at least some histological types, we investigated the expression of these three proteins in choroidal melanoma. We focused on the relationship between patient survival and the immunohistochemical detection of the retinoblastoma proteins. No correlation with clinical outcome was found for Rb/p105 and p107. However, we found pRb2/p130 to be an independent prognostic factor correlating positively or directly with patient survival times and indirectly or inversely with the degree of malignancy. Demonstration of the prognostic value of the immunohistochemical expression of pRb2/p130 is of significance, even if additional studies are required to confirm these data and to compare the prognostic value of pRb2/p130 immunodetection to that of other recently proposed markers, such as p53.  (+info)

Alpha/beta- and gamma/delta TCR(+) lymphocyte infiltration in necrotising choroidal melanomas. (5/324)

AIM: To detect specific tumour infiltrating T cells (TIL) carrying antigen specific MHC-I restricted receptor genes on necrotising and non-necrotising malignant melanomas and to correlate the findings with clinical data. METHODS: alpha/beta- and gamma/delta- TIL were determined by immunohistochemical staining in melanomas of patients with known follow up of more than 10 years. An antigen retrieval method was used to determine variable genes delta1 and gamma1 on TCR(+) cells by an anti-TCR Vdelta1 and anti-CrgammaM1, and of Valpha and Vbeta TCR(+) by an anti-pan-TCR(+) alpha/beta antibody. RESULTS: Intratumoral TIL were present in 86 of 113 (76.1%) necrotising melanomas (NMM) v 21 of 100 (21%) in non-necrotising melanomas (MM); of these, Valpha/beta- TCR(+) cells were present in 52 of 74 (70.3%) TIL harbouring NMM v four of 21 (19%) MM; Vgamma1 in 29 of 74 (39.2%) NMM v two of 21 (10%) MM; and Vdelta1 in 39 of 74 (52.7%) NMM v three of 21 (14%) MM. Extratumoral lymphocytic infiltration was seen in 86 (76.1%) NMM including Valpha/beta TCR(+) cells in 10 (11.6%) cases, v five (5%) MM cases with no Valpha/beta TCR(+) cells detected. Vgamma1 and Vdelta1 TCR(+) cells were not found in extratumoral infiltrates. CONCLUSIONS: In NMM, the median survival was 69.3 (range 6-237) months, 19 of 74 patients (25.7%) survived 5 years, and mortality was associated with advanced stage (p<0.001), patient age (p<0.023), and extent of necrosis (p<0.048). Survival was increased with evidence of Vgamma1 and Vdelta1 TCR(+) cells (p<0.026).  (+info)

Microvascular density in predicting survival of patients with choroidal and ciliary body melanoma. (6/324)

PURPOSE: Although malignant uveal melanoma disseminates predominantly hematogenously because of the absence of intraocular lymphatics, consensus about prognostic impact of microvascular density (MVD) has not been reached. This study was undertaken to investigate whether MVD, microvascular patterns, or both determine prognosis of uveal melanoma. METHODS: A population-based retrospective cohort study of melanoma-specific and all-cause mortality of 167 consecutive patients who had an eye enucleated because of choroidal or ciliary body melanoma from 1972 through 1981 was conducted. MVD was determined by counting tumor vessels in a masked fashion from areas of highest vessel density after immunostaining for CD34 epitope, factor VIII-related antigen (FVIII-RAg), and alpha-smooth muscle actin (SMA). Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression analyses of survival were performed. The association between MVD and tumor size and location, cell type, and microvascular patterns was assessed. RESULTS: MVD could be determined from 134 of 167 melanomas (80%). Based on globally highest count obtained with antibodies to CD34, MVD ranged from 5 to 121 vessels/0.313 mm2 (median, 40) and its association with presence of microvascular loops and networks (P = 0.0006), epithelioid cells (P = 0.028), and largest basal tumor diameter (P = 0.0029) was statistically significant. The 10-year melanoma-specific mortality increased with MVD (0.09, 0.29, 0.59, and 0.64, according to quartiles; P < 0.0001), as did all-cause mortality (P = 0.0022). Equivalent results were obtained with immunostaining for FVIII-RAg, whereas MVD obtained with antibodies to SMA was not associated with prognosis. Cox regression showed a hazard ratio of 2.45 (95% CI, 1.43-4.18) for presence of epithelioid cells, 1.11 (95% CI, 1.03-1.20) for largest basal diameter, 1.23 (95% CI, 1.06-1.43) for square root-transformed MVD, and 1.51 (95% CI, 1.09-2.10) for presence of loops and networks, all of which independently contributed to prognosis. CONCLUSIONS: The findings support the theory that both MVD and microvascular patterns contribute independently to prognosis in uveal melanoma in addition to cell type and size of the tumor.  (+info)

Ocular arterial blood flow of choroidal melanoma eyes before and after stereotactic radiotherapy using Leksell gamma knife: 2 year follow up. (7/324)

AIMS: To evaluate the effect of high dose stereotactic radiotherapy on the ocular blood flow of patients with uveal melanoma. METHODS: Colour Doppler imaging (CDI) was used to measure blood flow velocity and vascular resistance in the ophthalmic, short posterior, and central retinal arteries of nine patients suffering from uveal melanoma. The measurements were taken before, 6 months, 1 year, and 2 years after stereotactic radiotherapy. Irradiation was performed with the Leksell gamma knife with the 59 (41-66.5) Gy total marginal dose divided in two equal fractions. CDI results were compared with age and sex matched healthy control eyes. RESULTS: At each time of measurement, blood flow velocity in the central retinal artery of the affected eyes was significantly reduced whereas vascular resistance was only increased at the 2 year follow up. Blood flow velocity and vascular resistance in the short posterior arteries of melanoma eyes were also only significantly altered at the 2 year follow up. Blood flow velocity and vascular resistance in the ophthalmic artery of melanoma eyes were not changed at all follow ups. CONCLUSIONS: In the melanoma eyes, blood flow velocity in the central retinal artery is reduced. High dose stereotactic radiotherapy with the Leksell gamma knife and a 59 (41-66.5) Gy total marginal dose in two fractions leads to a significant reduction of blood flow and a significant increase in resistance variables in the small ocular arteries within 2 years.  (+info)

Transpupillary thermotherapy as primary treatment for small choroidal melanomas. (8/324)

PURPOSE: To report short-term follow-up of eyes containing small choroidal melanomas that were treated with transpupillary thermotherapy (TTT). METHODS: Twenty eyes with suspected small choroidal melanomas were treated with TTT using infrared light delivered from the diode laser. RESULTS: The age of patients ranged from 26 to 82 years. In 14, there was documented growth of the melanoma prior to TTT. Tumor thicknesses ranged from less than 1 to 3.2 mm. Seven tumors were treated more than once. Follow-up ranged from 6 months to more than 3 years. Following treatment, tumor thicknesses decreased in all cases, usually within 2 months. Progressive atrophy of tumor mass and loss of pigmentation within the tumor continued beyond 1 year of follow-up in some eyes. Complications included field defects, vascular changes, and macular abnormalities. CONCLUSIONS: Transpupillary thermotherapy of small choroidal melanomas is usually followed by early tumor shrinkage but is complicated by dense scotomas, nerve fiber bundle defects, and occasionally macular abnormalities. Short-term follow-up suggests that TTT may arrest growth of selected small melanomas.  (+info)

Choroid neoplasms are abnormal growths that develop in the choroid, a layer of blood vessels that lies between the retina and the sclera (the white of the eye). These growths can be benign or malignant (cancerous). Benign choroid neoplasms include choroidal hemangiomas and choroidal osteomas. Malignant choroid neoplasms are typically choroidal melanomas, which are the most common primary eye tumors in adults. Other types of malignant choroid neoplasms include metastatic tumors that have spread to the eye from other parts of the body. Symptoms of choroid neoplasms can vary depending on the size and location of the growth, but may include blurred vision, floaters, or a dark spot in the visual field. Treatment options depend on the type, size, and location of the tumor, as well as the patient's overall health and personal preferences.

The choroid plexus is a network of blood vessels and tissue located within each ventricle (fluid-filled space) of the brain. It plays a crucial role in the production of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), which provides protection and nourishment to the brain and spinal cord.

The choroid plexus consists of modified ependymal cells, called plexus epithelial cells, that line the ventricular walls. These cells have finger-like projections called villi, which increase their surface area for efficient CSF production. The blood vessels within the choroid plexus transport nutrients, ions, and water to these epithelial cells, where they are actively secreted into the ventricles to form CSF.

In addition to its role in CSF production, the choroid plexus also acts as a barrier between the blood and the central nervous system (CNS), regulating the exchange of substances between them. This barrier function is primarily attributed to tight junctions present between the epithelial cells, which limit the paracellular movement of molecules.

Abnormalities in the choroid plexus can lead to various neurological conditions, such as hydrocephalus (excessive accumulation of CSF) or certain types of brain tumors.

The choroid is a layer of the eye that contains blood vessels that supply oxygen and nutrients to the outer layers of the retina. It lies between the sclera (the white, protective coat of the eye) and the retina (the light-sensitive tissue at the back of the eye). The choroid is essential for maintaining the health and function of the retina, particularly the photoreceptor cells that detect light and transmit visual signals to the brain. Damage to the choroid can lead to vision loss or impairment.

Choroid plexus neoplasms are rare types of brain tumors that arise from the choroid plexus, which are clusters of blood vessels in the ventricles (fluid-filled spaces) of the brain. These tumors can be benign (choroid plexus papilloma) or malignant (choroid plexus carcinoma). Choroid plexus neoplasms most commonly occur in children under the age of 2, but they can also affect adults. Symptoms may include increased head circumference, hydrocephalus (fluid buildup in the brain), vomiting, and developmental delays. Treatment typically involves surgical removal of the tumor, followed by radiation therapy or chemotherapy for malignant tumors.

A choroid plexus papilloma is a rare, benign (non-cancerous) tumor that develops in the choroid plexus, which are clusters of blood vessels and specialized cells in the ventricles of the brain. These tumors can occur at any age but are more common in children under the age of 10.

Choroid plexus papillomas arise from the ependymal cells that line the ventricular system and produce cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). The tumor grows slowly and tends to block the flow of CSF, leading to increased intracranial pressure and symptoms such as headaches, vomiting, irritability, and developmental delays in children.

The medical definition of choroid plexus papilloma is: "A benign, slow-growing tumor that arises from the ependymal cells of the choroid plexus in the ventricles of the brain. The tumor can obstruct the flow of cerebrospinal fluid and cause increased intracranial pressure."

It is important to note that while choroid plexus papillomas are generally benign, they can still cause significant symptoms due to their location in the brain and the obstruction of CSF flow. Treatment typically involves surgical removal of the tumor, followed by radiation therapy or chemotherapy if necessary.

Pancreatic neoplasms refer to abnormal growths in the pancreas that can be benign or malignant. The pancreas is a gland located behind the stomach that produces hormones and digestive enzymes. Pancreatic neoplasms can interfere with the normal functioning of the pancreas, leading to various health complications.

Benign pancreatic neoplasms are non-cancerous growths that do not spread to other parts of the body. They are usually removed through surgery to prevent any potential complications, such as blocking the bile duct or causing pain.

Malignant pancreatic neoplasms, also known as pancreatic cancer, are cancerous growths that can invade and destroy surrounding tissues and organs. They can also spread (metastasize) to other parts of the body, such as the liver, lungs, or bones. Pancreatic cancer is often aggressive and difficult to treat, with a poor prognosis.

There are several types of pancreatic neoplasms, including adenocarcinomas, neuroendocrine tumors, solid pseudopapillary neoplasms, and cystic neoplasms. The specific type of neoplasm is determined through various diagnostic tests, such as imaging studies, biopsies, and blood tests. Treatment options depend on the type, stage, and location of the neoplasm, as well as the patient's overall health and preferences.

Neoplasms are abnormal growths of cells or tissues in the body that serve no physiological function. They can be benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous). Benign neoplasms are typically slow growing and do not spread to other parts of the body, while malignant neoplasms are aggressive, invasive, and can metastasize to distant sites.

Neoplasms occur when there is a dysregulation in the normal process of cell division and differentiation, leading to uncontrolled growth and accumulation of cells. This can result from genetic mutations or other factors such as viral infections, environmental exposures, or hormonal imbalances.

Neoplasms can develop in any organ or tissue of the body and can cause various symptoms depending on their size, location, and type. Treatment options for neoplasms include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and targeted therapy, among others.

Neoplasms: Neoplasms refer to abnormal growths of tissue that can be benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous). They occur when the normal control mechanisms that regulate cell growth and division are disrupted, leading to uncontrolled cell proliferation.

Cystic Neoplasms: Cystic neoplasms are tumors that contain fluid-filled sacs or cysts. These tumors can be benign or malignant and can occur in various organs of the body, including the pancreas, ovary, and liver.

Mucinous Neoplasms: Mucinous neoplasms are a type of cystic neoplasm that is characterized by the production of mucin, a gel-like substance produced by certain types of cells. These tumors can occur in various organs, including the ovary, pancreas, and colon. Mucinous neoplasms can be benign or malignant, and malignant forms are often aggressive and have a poor prognosis.

Serous Neoplasms: Serous neoplasms are another type of cystic neoplasm that is characterized by the production of serous fluid, which is a thin, watery fluid. These tumors commonly occur in the ovary and can be benign or malignant. Malignant serous neoplasms are often aggressive and have a poor prognosis.

In summary, neoplasms refer to abnormal tissue growths that can be benign or malignant. Cystic neoplasms contain fluid-filled sacs and can occur in various organs of the body. Mucinous neoplasms produce a gel-like substance called mucin and can also occur in various organs, while serous neoplasms produce thin, watery fluid and commonly occur in the ovary. Both mucinous and serous neoplasms can be benign or malignant, with malignant forms often being aggressive and having a poor prognosis.

The choroid is a part of the eye located between the retina and the sclera, which contains a large number of blood vessels that supply oxygen and nutrients to the outer layers of the retina. Choroid diseases refer to various medical conditions that affect the health and function of the choroid. Here are some examples:

1. Choroidal neovascularization (CNV): This is a condition where new blood vessels grow from the choroid into the retina, leading to fluid accumulation, bleeding, and scarring. CNV can cause vision loss and is often associated with age-related macular degeneration, myopia, and inflammatory eye diseases.
2. Chorioretinitis: This is an infection or inflammation of the choroid and retina, which can be caused by various microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites. Symptoms may include blurred vision, floaters, light sensitivity, and eye pain.
3. Choroidal hemorrhage: This is a rare but serious condition where there is bleeding into the choroid, often caused by trauma, high blood pressure, or blood clotting disorders. It can lead to sudden vision loss and requires urgent medical attention.
4. Choroideremia: This is a genetic disorder that affects the choroid, retina, and optic nerve, leading to progressive vision loss. It is caused by mutations in the CHM gene and primarily affects males.
5. Central serous retinopathy (CSR): This is a condition where fluid accumulates under the retina, often in the macula, causing distortion or blurring of vision. While the exact cause is unknown, CSR is thought to be related to stress, steroid use, and other factors that affect the choroid's ability to regulate fluid.
6. Polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV): This is a condition where abnormal blood vessels form in the choroid, leading to serous or hemorrhagic detachment of the retina. PCV is often associated with age-related macular degeneration and can cause vision loss if left untreated.

These are just a few examples of choroidal disorders that can affect vision. If you experience any sudden changes in your vision, it's important to seek medical attention promptly.

Cerebral ventricle neoplasms refer to tumors that develop within the cerebral ventricles, which are fluid-filled spaces in the brain. These tumors can arise from various types of cells within the ventricular system, including the ependymal cells that line the ventricles, choroid plexus cells that produce cerebrospinal fluid, or other surrounding tissues.

Cerebral ventricle neoplasms can cause a variety of symptoms depending on their size and location, such as headaches, nausea, vomiting, vision changes, imbalance, weakness, or difficulty with mental tasks. The treatment options for these tumors may include surgical resection, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy, depending on the type and extent of the tumor. Regular follow-up care is essential to monitor for recurrence and manage any long-term effects of treatment.

Multiple primary neoplasms refer to the occurrence of more than one primary malignant tumor in an individual, where each tumor is unrelated to the other and originates from separate cells or organs. This differs from metastatic cancer, where a single malignancy spreads to multiple sites in the body. Multiple primary neoplasms can be synchronous (occurring at the same time) or metachronous (occurring at different times). The risk of developing multiple primary neoplasms increases with age and is associated with certain genetic predispositions, environmental factors, and lifestyle choices such as smoking and alcohol consumption.

Skin neoplasms refer to abnormal growths or tumors in the skin that can be benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous). They result from uncontrolled multiplication of skin cells, which can form various types of lesions. These growths may appear as lumps, bumps, sores, patches, or discolored areas on the skin.

Benign skin neoplasms include conditions such as moles, warts, and seborrheic keratoses, while malignant skin neoplasms are primarily classified into melanoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and basal cell carcinoma. These three types of cancerous skin growths are collectively known as non-melanoma skin cancers (NMSCs). Melanoma is the most aggressive and dangerous form of skin cancer, while NMSCs tend to be less invasive but more common.

It's essential to monitor any changes in existing skin lesions or the appearance of new growths and consult a healthcare professional for proper evaluation and treatment if needed.

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is a clear, colorless fluid that surrounds and protects the brain and spinal cord. It acts as a shock absorber for the central nervous system and provides nutrients to the brain while removing waste products. CSF is produced by specialized cells called ependymal cells in the choroid plexus of the ventricles (fluid-filled spaces) inside the brain. From there, it circulates through the ventricular system and around the outside of the brain and spinal cord before being absorbed back into the bloodstream. CSF analysis is an important diagnostic tool for various neurological conditions, including infections, inflammation, and cancer.

The Uvea, also known as the uveal tract or vascular tunic, is the middle layer of the eye between the sclera (the white, protective outer coat) and the retina (the light-sensitive inner layer). It consists of three main parts: the iris (the colored part of the eye), the ciliary body (structures that control the lens shape and produce aqueous humor), and the choroid (a layer of blood vessels that provides oxygen and nutrients to the retina). Inflammation of the uvea is called uveitis.

Kidney neoplasms refer to abnormal growths or tumors in the kidney tissues that can be benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous). These growths can originate from various types of kidney cells, including the renal tubules, glomeruli, and the renal pelvis.

Malignant kidney neoplasms are also known as kidney cancers, with renal cell carcinoma being the most common type. Benign kidney neoplasms include renal adenomas, oncocytomas, and angiomyolipomas. While benign neoplasms are generally not life-threatening, they can still cause problems if they grow large enough to compromise kidney function or if they undergo malignant transformation.

Early detection and appropriate management of kidney neoplasms are crucial for improving patient outcomes and overall prognosis. Regular medical check-ups, imaging studies, and urinalysis can help in the early identification of these growths, allowing for timely intervention and treatment.

A "second primary neoplasm" is a distinct, new cancer or malignancy that develops in a person who has already had a previous cancer. It is not a recurrence or metastasis of the original tumor, but rather an independent cancer that arises in a different location or organ system. The development of second primary neoplasms can be influenced by various factors such as genetic predisposition, environmental exposures, and previous treatments like chemotherapy or radiation therapy.

It is important to note that the definition of "second primary neoplasm" may vary slightly depending on the specific source or context. In general medical usage, it refers to a new, separate cancer; however, in some research or clinical settings, there might be more precise criteria for defining and diagnosing second primary neoplasms.

Immunohistochemistry (IHC) is a technique used in pathology and laboratory medicine to identify specific proteins or antigens in tissue sections. It combines the principles of immunology and histology to detect the presence and location of these target molecules within cells and tissues. This technique utilizes antibodies that are specific to the protein or antigen of interest, which are then tagged with a detection system such as a chromogen or fluorophore. The stained tissue sections can be examined under a microscope, allowing for the visualization and analysis of the distribution and expression patterns of the target molecule in the context of the tissue architecture. Immunohistochemistry is widely used in diagnostic pathology to help identify various diseases, including cancer, infectious diseases, and immune-mediated disorders.

The ependyma is a type of epithelial tissue that lines the ventricular system of the brain and the central canal of the spinal cord. These cells are specialized glial cells that help to form the blood-brain barrier, regulate the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) composition, and provide support and protection for the nervous tissue.

Ependymal cells have a cuboidal or columnar shape and possess numerous cilia on their apical surface, which helps to circulate CSF within the ventricles. They also have tight junctions that help to form the blood-brain barrier and prevent the passage of harmful substances from the blood into the CSF.

In addition to their role in maintaining the integrity of the CNS, ependymal cells can also differentiate into other types of cells, such as neurons and glial cells, under certain conditions. This property has made them a topic of interest in regenerative medicine and the study of neurodevelopmental disorders.

Eye neoplasms, also known as ocular tumors or eye cancer, refer to abnormal growths of tissue in the eye. These growths can be benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous). Eye neoplasms can develop in various parts of the eye, including the eyelid, conjunctiva, cornea, iris, ciliary body, choroid, retina, and optic nerve.

Benign eye neoplasms are typically slow-growing and do not spread to other parts of the body. They may cause symptoms such as vision changes, eye pain, or a noticeable mass in the eye. Treatment options for benign eye neoplasms include monitoring, surgical removal, or radiation therapy.

Malignant eye neoplasms, on the other hand, can grow and spread rapidly to other parts of the body. They may cause symptoms such as vision changes, eye pain, floaters, or flashes of light. Treatment options for malignant eye neoplasms depend on the type and stage of cancer but may include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or a combination of these treatments.

It is important to note that early detection and treatment of eye neoplasms can improve outcomes and prevent complications. Regular eye exams with an ophthalmologist are recommended for early detection and prevention of eye diseases, including eye neoplasms.

Adenocarcinoma, mucinous is a type of cancer that begins in the glandular cells that line certain organs and produce mucin, a substance that lubricates and protects tissues. This type of cancer is characterized by the presence of abundant pools of mucin within the tumor. It typically develops in organs such as the colon, rectum, lungs, pancreas, and ovaries.

Mucinous adenocarcinomas tend to have a distinct appearance under the microscope, with large pools of mucin pushing aside the cancer cells. They may also have a different clinical behavior compared to other types of adenocarcinomas, such as being more aggressive or having a worse prognosis in some cases.

It is important to note that while a diagnosis of adenocarcinoma, mucinous can be serious, the prognosis and treatment options may vary depending on several factors, including the location of the cancer, the stage at which it was diagnosed, and the individual's overall health.

Thyroid neoplasms refer to abnormal growths or tumors in the thyroid gland, which can be benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous). These growths can vary in size and may cause a noticeable lump or nodule in the neck. Thyroid neoplasms can also affect the function of the thyroid gland, leading to hormonal imbalances and related symptoms. The exact causes of thyroid neoplasms are not fully understood, but risk factors include radiation exposure, family history, and certain genetic conditions. It is important to note that most thyroid nodules are benign, but a proper medical evaluation is necessary to determine the nature of the growth and develop an appropriate treatment plan.

The pigment epithelium of the eye, also known as the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), is a layer of cells located between the photoreceptor cells of the retina and the choroid, which is the vascular layer of the eye. The RPE plays a crucial role in maintaining the health and function of the photoreceptors by providing them with nutrients, removing waste products, and helping to regulate the light that enters the eye.

The RPE cells contain pigment granules that absorb excess light, preventing it from scattering within the eye and improving visual acuity. They also help to create a barrier between the retina and the choroid, which is important for maintaining the proper functioning of the photoreceptors. Additionally, the RPE plays a role in the regeneration of visual pigments in the photoreceptor cells, allowing us to see in different light conditions.

Damage to the RPE can lead to various eye diseases and conditions, including age-related macular degeneration (AMD), which is a leading cause of vision loss in older adults.

Myeloproliferative disorders (MPDs) are a group of rare, chronic blood cancers that originate from the abnormal proliferation or growth of one or more types of blood-forming cells in the bone marrow. These disorders result in an overproduction of mature but dysfunctional blood cells, which can lead to serious complications such as blood clots, bleeding, and organ damage.

There are several subtypes of MPDs, including:

1. Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML): A disorder characterized by the overproduction of mature granulocytes (a type of white blood cell) in the bone marrow, leading to an increased number of these cells in the blood. CML is caused by a genetic mutation that results in the formation of the BCR-ABL fusion protein, which drives uncontrolled cell growth and division.
2. Polycythemia Vera (PV): A disorder characterized by the overproduction of all three types of blood cells - red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets - in the bone marrow. This can lead to an increased risk of blood clots, bleeding, and enlargement of the spleen.
3. Essential Thrombocythemia (ET): A disorder characterized by the overproduction of platelets in the bone marrow, leading to an increased risk of blood clots and bleeding.
4. Primary Myelofibrosis (PMF): A disorder characterized by the replacement of normal bone marrow tissue with scar tissue, leading to impaired blood cell production and anemia, enlargement of the spleen, and increased risk of infections and bleeding.
5. Chronic Neutrophilic Leukemia (CNL): A rare disorder characterized by the overproduction of neutrophils (a type of white blood cell) in the bone marrow, leading to an increased number of these cells in the blood. CNL can lead to an increased risk of infections and organ damage.

MPDs are typically treated with a combination of therapies, including chemotherapy, targeted therapy, immunotherapy, and stem cell transplantation. The choice of treatment depends on several factors, including the subtype of MPD, the patient's age and overall health, and the presence of any comorbidities.

The sclera is the tough, white, fibrous outer coating of the eye in humans and other vertebrates, covering about five sixths of the eyeball's surface. It provides protection for the delicate inner structures of the eye and maintains its shape. The sclera is composed mainly of collagen and elastic fiber, making it strong and resilient. Its name comes from the Greek word "skleros," which means hard.

Gyrate atrophy is a rare inherited eye disorder that is characterized by progressive degeneration of the retina, which is the light-sensitive tissue at the back of the eye. It is caused by a deficiency in an enzyme called ornithine aminotransferase (OAT), which is necessary for the normal metabolism of an amino acid called ornithine.

The accumulation of ornithine in the retinal cells leads to their degeneration and the formation of well-demarcated, circular areas of atrophy (gyrates) in the retina. This can result in decreased vision, night blindness, and a progressive loss of visual field, which can ultimately lead to legal or complete blindness.

Gyrate atrophy is typically inherited as an autosomal recessive trait, meaning that an individual must inherit two copies of the mutated gene (one from each parent) in order to develop the condition. The disorder usually becomes apparent in childhood or adolescence and can progress slowly over several decades. There is currently no cure for gyrate atrophy, but dietary restrictions and supplements may help slow its progression.

The term "DNA, neoplasm" is not a standard medical term or concept. DNA refers to deoxyribonucleic acid, which is the genetic material present in the cells of living organisms. A neoplasm, on the other hand, is a tumor or growth of abnormal tissue that can be benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous).

In some contexts, "DNA, neoplasm" may refer to genetic alterations found in cancer cells. These genetic changes can include mutations, amplifications, deletions, or rearrangements of DNA sequences that contribute to the development and progression of cancer. Identifying these genetic abnormalities can help doctors diagnose and treat certain types of cancer more effectively.

However, it's important to note that "DNA, neoplasm" is not a term that would typically be used in medical reports or research papers without further clarification. If you have any specific questions about DNA changes in cancer cells or neoplasms, I would recommend consulting with a healthcare professional or conducting further research on the topic.

Lung neoplasms refer to abnormal growths or tumors in the lung tissue. These tumors can be benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous). Malignant lung neoplasms are further classified into two main types: small cell lung carcinoma and non-small cell lung carcinoma. Lung neoplasms can cause symptoms such as cough, chest pain, shortness of breath, and weight loss. They are often caused by smoking or exposure to secondhand smoke, but can also occur due to genetic factors, radiation exposure, and other environmental carcinogens. Early detection and treatment of lung neoplasms is crucial for improving outcomes and survival rates.

Parotid neoplasms refer to abnormal growths or tumors in the parotid gland, which is the largest of the salivary glands and is located in front of the ear and extends down the neck. These neoplasms can be benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous).

Benign parotid neoplasms are typically slow-growing, painless masses that may cause facial asymmetry or difficulty in chewing or swallowing if they become large enough to compress surrounding structures. The most common type of benign parotid tumor is a pleomorphic adenoma.

Malignant parotid neoplasms, on the other hand, are more aggressive and can invade nearby tissues and spread to other parts of the body. They may present as rapidly growing masses that are firm or fixed to surrounding structures. Common types of malignant parotid tumors include mucoepidermoid carcinoma, adenoid cystic carcinoma, and squamous cell carcinoma.

The diagnosis of parotid neoplasms typically involves a thorough clinical evaluation, imaging studies such as CT or MRI scans, and fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) to determine the nature of the tumor. Treatment options depend on the type, size, and location of the neoplasm but may include surgical excision, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy.

Cystadenoma is a type of benign tumor (not cancerous), which arises from glandular epithelial cells and is covered by a thin layer of connective tissue. These tumors can develop in various locations within the body, including the ovaries, pancreas, and other organs that contain glands.

There are two main types of cystadenomas: serous and mucinous. Serous cystadenomas are filled with a clear or watery fluid, while mucinous cystadenomas contain a thick, gelatinous material. Although they are generally not harmful, these tumors can grow quite large and cause discomfort or other symptoms due to their size or location. In some cases, cystadenomas may undergo malignant transformation and develop into cancerous tumors, known as cystadenocarcinomas. Regular medical follow-up and monitoring are essential for individuals diagnosed with cystadenomas to ensure early detection and treatment of any potential complications.

Neoplasms of connective and soft tissue are abnormal growths or tumors that develop in the body's supportive tissues, such as cartilage, tendons, ligaments, fascia, and fat. These neoplasms can be benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous).

Benign connective and soft tissue neoplasms include:
- Lipomas: slow-growing, fatty tumors that develop under the skin.
- Fibromas: firm, benign tumors that develop in connective tissue such as tendons or ligaments.
- Nevi (plural of nevus): benign growths made up of cells called melanocytes, which produce pigment.

Malignant connective and soft tissue neoplasms include:
- Sarcomas: a type of cancer that develops in the body's supportive tissues such as muscle, bone, fat, cartilage, or blood vessels. There are many different types of sarcomas, including liposarcoma (fatty tissue), rhabdomyosarcoma (muscle), and osteosarcoma (bone).
- Desmoid tumors: a rare type of benign tumor that can become aggressive and invade surrounding tissues. While not considered cancerous, desmoid tumors can cause significant morbidity due to their tendency to grow and infiltrate nearby structures.

Connective and soft tissue neoplasms can present with various symptoms depending on their location and size. Treatment options include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or a combination of these modalities. Regular follow-up care is essential to monitor for recurrence or metastasis (spread) of the tumor.

Plasma cell neoplasms are a type of cancer that originates from plasma cells, which are a type of white blood cell found in the bone marrow. These cells are responsible for producing antibodies to help fight off infections. When plasma cells become cancerous and multiply out of control, they can form a tumor called a plasmacytoma.

There are two main types of plasma cell neoplasms: solitary plasmacytoma and multiple myeloma. Solitary plasmacytoma is a localized tumor that typically forms in the bone, while multiple myeloma is a systemic disease that affects multiple bones and can cause a variety of symptoms such as bone pain, fatigue, and anemia.

Plasma cell neoplasms are diagnosed through a combination of tests, including blood tests, imaging studies, and bone marrow biopsy. Treatment options depend on the stage and extent of the disease, but may include radiation therapy, chemotherapy, and stem cell transplantation.

Appendiceal neoplasms refer to various types of tumors that can develop in the appendix, a small tube-like structure attached to the large intestine. These neoplasms can be benign or malignant and can include:

1. Adenomas: These are benign tumors that arise from the glandular cells lining the appendix. They are usually slow-growing and may not cause any symptoms.
2. Carcinoids: These are neuroendocrine tumors that arise from the hormone-producing cells in the appendix. They are typically small and slow-growing, but some can be aggressive and spread to other parts of the body.
3. Mucinous neoplasms: These are tumors that produce mucin, a slippery substance that can cause the appendix to become distended and filled with mucus. They can be low-grade (less aggressive) or high-grade (more aggressive) and may spread to other parts of the abdomen.
4. Adenocarcinomas: These are malignant tumors that arise from the glandular cells lining the appendix. They are relatively rare but can be aggressive and spread to other parts of the body.
5. Pseudomyxoma peritonei: This is a condition in which mucin produced by an appendiceal neoplasm leaks into the abdominal cavity, causing a jelly-like accumulation of fluid and tissue. It can be caused by both benign and malignant tumors.

Treatment for appendiceal neoplasms depends on the type and stage of the tumor, as well as the patient's overall health. Treatment options may include surgery, chemotherapy, or radiation therapy.

Ornithine-oxo-acid transaminase (OAT), also known as ornithine aminotransferase, is a urea cycle enzyme that catalyzes the reversible transfer of an amino group from ornithine to α-ketoglutarate, producing glutamate semialdehyde and glutamate. This reaction is an essential part of the urea cycle, which is responsible for the detoxification of ammonia in the body. Deficiencies in OAT can lead to a genetic disorder called ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency (OTCD), which can cause hyperammonemia and neurological symptoms.

Liver neoplasms refer to abnormal growths in the liver that can be benign or malignant. Benign liver neoplasms are non-cancerous tumors that do not spread to other parts of the body, while malignant liver neoplasms are cancerous tumors that can invade and destroy surrounding tissue and spread to other organs.

Liver neoplasms can be primary, meaning they originate in the liver, or secondary, meaning they have metastasized (spread) to the liver from another part of the body. Primary liver neoplasms can be further classified into different types based on their cell of origin and behavior, including hepatocellular carcinoma, cholangiocarcinoma, and hepatic hemangioma.

The diagnosis of liver neoplasms typically involves a combination of imaging studies, such as ultrasound, CT scan, or MRI, and biopsy to confirm the type and stage of the tumor. Treatment options depend on the type and extent of the neoplasm and may include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or liver transplantation.

A cyst is a closed sac, having a distinct membrane and division between the sac and its surrounding tissue, that contains fluid, air, or semisolid material. Cysts can occur in various parts of the body, including the skin, internal organs, and bones. They can be caused by various factors, such as infection, genetic predisposition, or blockage of a duct or gland. Some cysts may cause symptoms, such as pain or discomfort, while others may not cause any symptoms at all. Treatment for cysts depends on the type and location of the cyst, as well as whether it is causing any problems. Some cysts may go away on their own, while others may need to be drained or removed through a surgical procedure.

The eye is the organ of sight, primarily responsible for detecting and focusing on visual stimuli. It is a complex structure composed of various parts that work together to enable vision. Here are some of the main components of the eye:

1. Cornea: The clear front part of the eye that refracts light entering the eye and protects the eye from harmful particles and microorganisms.
2. Iris: The colored part of the eye that controls the amount of light reaching the retina by adjusting the size of the pupil.
3. Pupil: The opening in the center of the iris that allows light to enter the eye.
4. Lens: A biconvex structure located behind the iris that further refracts light and focuses it onto the retina.
5. Retina: A layer of light-sensitive cells (rods and cones) at the back of the eye that convert light into electrical signals, which are then transmitted to the brain via the optic nerve.
6. Optic Nerve: The nerve that carries visual information from the retina to the brain.
7. Vitreous: A clear, gel-like substance that fills the space between the lens and the retina, providing structural support to the eye.
8. Conjunctiva: A thin, transparent membrane that covers the front of the eye and the inner surface of the eyelids.
9. Extraocular Muscles: Six muscles that control the movement of the eye, allowing for proper alignment and focus.

The eye is a remarkable organ that allows us to perceive and interact with our surroundings. Various medical specialties, such as ophthalmology and optometry, are dedicated to the diagnosis, treatment, and management of various eye conditions and diseases.

The ciliary body is a part of the eye's internal structure that is located between the choroid and the iris. It is composed of muscle tissue and is responsible for adjusting the shape of the lens through a process called accommodation, which allows the eye to focus on objects at varying distances. Additionally, the ciliary body produces aqueous humor, the clear fluid that fills the anterior chamber of the eye and helps to nourish the eye's internal structures. The ciliary body is also responsible for maintaining the shape and position of the lens within the eye.

Mucinous cystadenoma is a type of benign tumor that arises from the epithelial cells lining the mucous membranes of the body. It is most commonly found in the ovary, but can also occur in other locations such as the pancreas or appendix.

Mucinous cystadenomas are characterized by the production of large amounts of mucin, a slippery, gel-like substance that accumulates inside the tumor and causes it to grow into a cystic mass. These tumors can vary in size, ranging from a few centimeters to over 20 centimeters in diameter.

While mucinous cystadenomas are generally benign, they have the potential to become cancerous (mucinous cystadenocarcinoma) if left untreated. Symptoms of mucinous cystadenoma may include abdominal pain or swelling, bloating, and changes in bowel movements or urinary habits. Treatment typically involves surgical removal of the tumor.

Ovarian neoplasms refer to abnormal growths or tumors in the ovary, which can be benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous). These growths can originate from various cell types within the ovary, including epithelial cells, germ cells, and stromal cells. Ovarian neoplasms are often classified based on their cell type of origin, histological features, and potential for invasive or metastatic behavior.

Epithelial ovarian neoplasms are the most common type and can be further categorized into several subtypes, such as serous, mucinous, endometrioid, clear cell, and Brenner tumors. Some of these epithelial tumors have a higher risk of becoming malignant and spreading to other parts of the body.

Germ cell ovarian neoplasms arise from the cells that give rise to eggs (oocytes) and can include teratomas, dysgerminomas, yolk sac tumors, and embryonal carcinomas. Stromal ovarian neoplasms develop from the connective tissue cells supporting the ovary and can include granulosa cell tumors, thecomas, and fibromas.

It is essential to diagnose and treat ovarian neoplasms promptly, as some malignant forms can be aggressive and potentially life-threatening if not managed appropriately. Regular gynecological exams, imaging studies, and tumor marker tests are often used for early detection and monitoring of ovarian neoplasms. Treatment options may include surgery, chemotherapy, or radiation therapy, depending on the type, stage, and patient's overall health condition.

The meninges are the protective membranes that cover the brain and spinal cord. They consist of three layers: the dura mater (the outermost, toughest layer), the arachnoid mater (middle layer), and the pia mater (the innermost, delicate layer). These membranes provide protection and support to the central nervous system, and contain blood vessels that supply nutrients and remove waste products. Inflammation or infection of the meninges is called meningitis, which can be a serious medical condition requiring prompt treatment.

Endocrine gland neoplasms refer to abnormal growths (tumors) that develop in the endocrine glands. These glands are responsible for producing hormones, which are chemical messengers that regulate various functions and processes in the body. Neoplasms can be benign or malignant (cancerous). Benign neoplasms tend to grow slowly and do not spread to other parts of the body. Malignant neoplasms, on the other hand, can invade nearby tissues and organs and may also metastasize (spread) to distant sites.

Endocrine gland neoplasms can occur in any of the endocrine glands, including:

1. Pituitary gland: located at the base of the brain, it produces several hormones that regulate growth and development, as well as other bodily functions.
2. Thyroid gland: located in the neck, it produces thyroid hormones that regulate metabolism and calcium balance.
3. Parathyroid glands: located near the thyroid gland, they produce parathyroid hormone that regulates calcium levels in the blood.
4. Adrenal glands: located on top of each kidney, they produce hormones such as adrenaline, cortisol, and aldosterone that regulate stress response, metabolism, and blood pressure.
5. Pancreas: located behind the stomach, it produces insulin and glucagon, which regulate blood sugar levels, and digestive enzymes that help break down food.
6. Pineal gland: located in the brain, it produces melatonin, a hormone that regulates sleep-wake cycles.
7. Gonads (ovaries and testicles): located in the pelvis (ovaries) and scrotum (testicles), they produce sex hormones such as estrogen, progesterone, and testosterone that regulate reproductive function and secondary sexual characteristics.

Endocrine gland neoplasms can cause various symptoms depending on the type and location of the tumor. For example, a pituitary gland neoplasm may cause headaches, vision problems, or hormonal imbalances, while an adrenal gland neoplasm may cause high blood pressure, weight gain, or mood changes.

Diagnosis of endocrine gland neoplasms typically involves a combination of medical history, physical examination, imaging studies such as CT or MRI scans, and laboratory tests to measure hormone levels. Treatment options may include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or hormonal therapy, depending on the type and stage of the tumor.

The retina is the innermost, light-sensitive layer of tissue in the eye of many vertebrates and some cephalopods. It receives light that has been focused by the cornea and lens, converts it into neural signals, and sends these to the brain via the optic nerve. The retina contains several types of photoreceptor cells including rods (which handle vision in low light) and cones (which are active in bright light and are capable of color vision).

In medical terms, any pathological changes or diseases affecting the retinal structure and function can lead to visual impairment or blindness. Examples include age-related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, retinal detachment, and retinitis pigmentosa among others.

Gastrointestinal (GI) neoplasms refer to abnormal growths in the gastrointestinal tract, which can be benign or malignant. The gastrointestinal tract includes the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, and anus.

Benign neoplasms are non-cancerous growths that do not invade nearby tissues or spread to other parts of the body. They can sometimes be removed completely and may not cause any further health problems.

Malignant neoplasms, on the other hand, are cancerous growths that can invade nearby tissues and organs and spread to other parts of the body through the bloodstream or lymphatic system. These types of neoplasms can be life-threatening if not diagnosed and treated promptly.

GI neoplasms can cause various symptoms, including abdominal pain, bloating, changes in bowel habits, nausea, vomiting, weight loss, and anemia. The specific symptoms may depend on the location and size of the neoplasm.

There are many types of GI neoplasms, including adenocarcinomas, gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs), lymphomas, and neuroendocrine tumors. The diagnosis of GI neoplasms typically involves a combination of medical history, physical examination, imaging studies, and biopsy. Treatment options may include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, targeted therapy, or immunotherapy.

Pancreatic ductal carcinoma (PDC) is a specific type of cancer that forms in the ducts that carry digestive enzymes out of the pancreas. It's the most common form of exocrine pancreatic cancer, making up about 90% of all cases.

The symptoms of PDC are often vague and can include abdominal pain, jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes), unexplained weight loss, and changes in bowel movements. These symptoms can be similar to those caused by other less serious conditions, which can make diagnosis difficult.

Pancreatic ductal carcinoma is often aggressive and difficult to treat. The prognosis for PDC is generally poor, with a five-year survival rate of only about 9%. Treatment options may include surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, or a combination of these approaches. However, because PDC is often not detected until it has advanced, treatment is frequently focused on palliative care to relieve symptoms and improve quality of life.

Experimental neoplasms refer to abnormal growths or tumors that are induced and studied in a controlled laboratory setting, typically in animals or cell cultures. These studies are conducted to understand the fundamental mechanisms of cancer development, progression, and potential treatment strategies. By manipulating various factors such as genetic mutations, environmental exposures, and pharmacological interventions, researchers can gain valuable insights into the complex processes underlying neoplasm formation and identify novel targets for cancer therapy. It is important to note that experimental neoplasms may not always accurately represent human cancers, and further research is needed to translate these findings into clinically relevant applications.

A neoplasm of vascular tissue is an abnormal growth or mass of cells in the blood vessels or lymphatic vessels. These growths can be benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous). Benign neoplasms, such as hemangiomas and lymphangiomas, are typically not harmful and may not require treatment. However, they can cause symptoms if they grow large enough to press on nearby organs or tissues. Malignant neoplasms, such as angiosarcomas, are cancerous and can invade and destroy surrounding tissue, as well as spread (metastasize) to other parts of the body. Treatment for vascular tissue neoplasms depends on the type, size, location, and stage of the growth, and may include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or a combination of these.

These tumors can occur in the choroid, iris and ciliary body. The latter are sometimes called iris or ciliary body melanoma. ... Eye neoplasms can affect all parts of the eye, and can be a benign tumor or a malignant tumor (cancer). Eye cancers can be ... Iridectomy - Removal of the affected piece of the iris Choroidectomy - Removal of the choroid layer (the vascular tissue ...
Paulus W, Jänisch W. Clinicopathologic correlations in epithelial choroid plexus neoplasms: a study of 52 cases. Acta ... Choroid plexus papilloma, also known as papilloma of the choroid plexus, is a rare benign neuroepithelial intraventricular WHO ... Media related to Choroid plexus papilloma at Wikimedia Commons Choroid Plexus Papilloma MRI, CT, and pathology images from ... Recent researches have shown that choroid plexus papilloma and choroid plexus cancer may be distinguished from one another ...
... of intracranial neoplasms in people of all ages. Choroid plexus papilloma, atypical choroid plexus papilloma, and choroid ... Choroid plexus tumors are a rare type of cancer that occur from the brain tissue called choroid plexus of the brain. Choroid ... Choroid plexus carcinoma (WHO grade III) Choroid atypical plexus papilloma (WHO grade II) Choroid plexus papilloma (WHO grade I ... Together, atypical choroid plexus papilloma, and choroid plexus carcinoma make up around 25% of all choroid plexus tumors. ...
The critical diagnosis of this neoplasm is often difficult because of its similarity with other primary or secondary papillary ... These tumors were tested immunohistochemically with a profile similar to that of a choroid plexus tumor; however, ... the tumors appeared to be less differentiated than a choroid plexus papilloma and more differentiated than a choroid plexus ... described neoplasm that has been formally recognized in the 2007 World Health Organization (WHO) "Classification of Tumors of ...
Choriocarcinoma Chorioretinitis Chorioretinopathy dominant form microcephaly Choroid plexus cyst Choroid plexus neoplasms ... syndrome Collins-Sakati syndrome Coloboma chorioretinal cerebellar vermis aplasia Coloboma hair abnormality Coloboma of choroid ... Carrington syndrome Cartilage hair hypoplasia like syndrome Cartilage-hair hypoplasia Cartilaginous neoplasms Cartwright-Nelson ... hypoxia Cerebral malformations hypertrichosis claw hands Cerebral palsy Cerebral thrombosis Cerebral ventricle neoplasms ...
... brain neoplasms MeSH C10.228.140.211.280 - cerebral ventricle neoplasms MeSH C10.228.140.211.280.300 - choroid plexus neoplasms ... brain neoplasms MeSH C10.551.240.250.200 - cerebral ventricle neoplasms MeSH C10.551.240.250.200.200 - choroid plexus neoplasms ... spinal cord neoplasms MeSH C10.551.240.750.200 - epidural neoplasms MeSH C10.551.360.500 - optic nerve neoplasms MeSH C10.551. ... spinal cord neoplasms MeSH C10.228.854.765.342 - epidural neoplasms MeSH C10.228.854.770 - spinal cord injuries MeSH C10.228. ...
Neoplasms (tumours) in nervous tissue include: Gliomas (glial cell tumors) Gliomatosis cerebri, Oligoastrocytoma, Choroid ...
... iris neoplasms MeSH C11.941.375.385 - iritis MeSH C11.941.855 - uveal neoplasms MeSH C11.941.855.198 - choroid neoplasms MeSH ... uveal neoplasms MeSH C11.319.494.198 - choroid neoplasms MeSH C11.319.494.400 - iris neoplasms MeSH C11.338.133 - blepharitis ... choroid diseases MeSH C11.941.160.177 - choroid hemorrhage MeSH C11.941.160.238 - choroid neoplasms MeSH C11.941.160.244 - ... conjunctival neoplasms MeSH C11.319.421 - eyelid neoplasms MeSH C11.319.457 - orbital neoplasms MeSH C11.319.475 - retinal ...
... familial Pancreatic diseases Pancreatic islet cell neoplasm Pancreatic islet cell tumors Pancreatic lipomatosis duodenal ... Papilledema Papillon-Lefèvre syndrome Papillitis of the lingual papillae Papillitis of the optic nerve Papilloma of choroid ... et varioliformis acuta Pityriasis rubra pilaris Piussan-Lenaerts-Mathieu syndrome Placenta disorder Placenta neoplasm Placental ... retardation-hyperkeratosis Parapsoriasis Parasitophobia Parastremmatic dwarfism Parathyroid cancer Parathyroid neoplasm ...
... and neoplasm of the choroid, cranial nerves, retinal or eyeball. In patients with diabetes mellitus, regular fundus screening ... as the dye passes through the retina and choroid. Sodium Fluorescein Angiography (abbreviated SFA, FA or FAG) is used for the ...
Choroid Plexus Papilloma - Palmer, Cheryl Ann and Daniel Keith Harrison; EMedicine; Jun 5, 2008 (CS1 errors: periodical ignored ... Benign neoplasms, Glandular and epithelial neoplasia, Histopathology). ...
Similar mutations are also present in other childhood cancers, such as choroid plexus carcinoma, medulloblastoma and in some ... several more subunits of the human SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex have been found mutated in a wide range of neoplasms. ...
... fibromatosis dominant Gingival fibromatosis facial dysmorphism Gingival fibrosis Gingivitis Gyrate atrophy of the choroid and ... neuroendocrine tumor Gastroenteritis Gastroesophageal reflux Gastrointestinal autonomic nerve tumor Gastrointestinal neoplasm ...
Myxopapillary ependymoma 1.6.5 Subependymoma 2.1 Choroid plexus papilloma 2.2 Atypical choroid plexus papilloma 2.3 Choroid ... neoplasms 8.1.1 Meningeal melanocytosis and meningeal melanomatosis 8.2 Circumscribed meningeal melanocytic neoplasms 8.2.1 ...
Neoplasm - Melanomas can also be very lightly pigmented, and a lighter colored iris may be a rare manifestation of metastatic ... and angioma of the choroid, often with secondary glaucoma. Simple heterochromia - a rare condition characterized by the absence ... Neoplasm - Nevi and melanomatous tumors. Iridocorneal endothelium syndrome Iris ectropion syndrome Fuchs heterochromic ...
Choroid plexus carcinoma, Choroid plexus papilloma, Choroid plexus tumor, Colloid cyst, Dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumour ... Neoplasms will often show as differently colored masses (also referred to as processes) in CT or MRI results.[citation needed] ... More generally a neoplasm may cause release of metabolic end products (e.g., free radicals, altered electrolytes, ... The skull bone structure can also be subject to a neoplasm that by its very nature reduces the volume of the intracranial ...
Li F.P.; Fraumeni J.F. (October 1969). "Soft-tissue sarcomas, breast cancer, and other neoplasms. A familial syndrome?". Ann. ... choroid plexus tumor, or rhabdomyosarcoma of embryonal anaplastic subtype, at any age of onset, irrespective of family history ... Erratum for "Germ Line p53 Mutations in a Familial Syndrome of Breast Cancer, Sarcomas, and Other Neoplasms"". Science. 259 ( ... 1990). "Germ Line p53 Mutations in a Familial Syndrome of Breast Cancer, Sarcomas, and Other Neoplasms". Science. 250 (4985): ...
Aug 1993). "Papillary neoplasms (Heffner's tumors) of the endolymphatic sac". Ann. Otol. Rhinol. Laryngol. 102 (8 pt 1): 648-51 ... choroid plexus papilloma, middle ear adenocarcinoma, and ceruminous adenoma. Wide excision is the treatment of choice, although ... An endolymphatic sac tumor (ELST) is a very uncommon papillary epithelial neoplasm arising within the endolymphatic sac or ...
... uveal neoplasms MeSH C04.588.364.978.223 - choroid neoplasms MeSH C04.588.364.978.400 - iris neoplasms MeSH C04.588.443.353 - ... brain neoplasms MeSH C04.588.614.250.195.205 - cerebral ventricle neoplasms MeSH C04.588.614.250.195.205.200 - choroid plexus ... choroid plexus MeSH C04.588.614.250.195.411 - infratentorial neoplasms MeSH C04.588.614.250.195.411.100 - brain stem neoplasms ... skull base neoplasms MeSH C04.588.149.828 - spinal neoplasms MeSH C04.588.180.260 - breast neoplasms, male MeSH C04.588.180.390 ...
These circulating complexes have been found trapped in the highly vascular choroid plexus of SLE patients upon autopsy. True ... and cannot reliably be distinguished from neoplasms. Cerebritis usually occurs as a result of an underlying condition, which ...
AG often behaves as a low-grade indolent neoplasm and is curative after surgical resection. Researchers proposed that since AG ... choroid glioma of the third ventricle, and astroblastoma as Grade I "Other Gliomas" after revision. Patients usually experience ... Brat DJ, Scheithauer BW, Fuller GN, Tihan T (July 2007). "Newly codified glial neoplasms of the 2007 WHO Classification of ... A total resection manages to regress epileptogenic growth and cure this brain neoplasm. Subtotal resection shows a comparably ...
In cases of confirmed brain neoplasm, dexamethasone is given to decrease ICP. Although the exact mechanism is unknown, current ... or choroid plexus tumor.[citation needed] Idiopathic or unknown cause (idiopathic intracranial hypertension, a common cause in ...
... negatively regulates initial leukocyte recruitment to the brain across the choroid plexus in murine experimental autoimmune ... a plasma cell marker immunohistochemical profile in hematopoietic and nonhematopoietic neoplasms". American Journal of Clinical ...
... neoplasm seeding MeSH C23.550.727.650.895 - neoplasms, unknown primary MeSH C23.550.727.655 - neoplasm recurrence, local MeSH ... choroid hemorrhage MeSH C23.550.414.756.550 - hyphema MeSH C23.550.414.756.775 - retinal hemorrhage MeSH C23.550.414.756.887 - ... neoplasm metastasis MeSH C23.550.727.650.560 - lymphatic metastasis MeSH C23.550.727.650.645 - neoplasm circulating cells MeSH ... C23.550.727.670 - neoplasm regression, spontaneous MeSH C23.550.727.700 - neoplasm, residual MeSH C23.550.737.500 - retrograde ...
... choroid plexus tumor - CHPP - chronic granulocytic leukemia - chronic idiopathic myelofibrosis - chronic leukemia - chronic ... neoplasm - nephrotomogram - nephrotoxic - nephroureterectomy - nerve block - nerve grafting - nerve-sparing radical ... Hürthle cell neoplasm - hydrazine sulfate - hydromorphone - hydronephrosis - hydroureter - hydroxychloroquine - hydroxyurea - ...
It is traditionally classed as originating in the iris, choroid, and ciliary body, but can also be divided into class I (low ... Kumar, Vinay (2009). "Uvea: Neoplasms". Robbins and Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease, Professional Edition (8th ed.). ... Benign melanocytic tumors of the choroid, such as choroidal freckles and nevi, are very common and pose no health risks, unless ...
Shields, C. L.; Maktabi, A. M.; Jahnle, E.; Mashayekhi, A.; Lally, S. E.; Shields, J. A (2010). "Halo nevus of the choroid in ... Choroidal nevus (plural: nevi) is a type of eye neoplasm that is classified under choroidal tumors as a type of benign (non- ...
... the brains choroid plexus (3 cases), inside brain [[Ventricular system[ventricle]] (1 case), the cerebellopontine angle (2 ... "The 2016 revision of the World Health Organization classification of lymphoid neoplasms". Blood. 127 (20): 2375-90. doi:10.1182 ...
NOS M8000/6 Neoplasm, metastatic Neoplasm, metastatic Tumor, metastatic Tumor, secondary Tumor embolus M8000/9 Neoplasm, ... NOS M9390/1 Atypical choroid plexus papilloma M9390/3 Choroid plexus carcinoma Choroid plexus papilloma, anaplastic or ... benign M8000/1 Neoplasm, uncertain whether benign or malignant Neoplasm, NOS Tumor, NOS Unclassified tumor, uncertain whether ... M8130/1 Papillary transitional cell neoplasm of low malignant potential (C67._) Papillary urothelial neoplasm of low malignant ...
Choroid plexus tumors are graded based on the World Health Organization (WHO) classification scheme and include choroid plexus ... tumors derived from choroid plexus epithelium that are seen predominantly in children. ... Choroid plexus neoplasms are rare, intraventricular, primary central nervous system (CNS) ... encoded search term (Pathology of Choroid Plexus Neoplasms) and Pathology of Choroid Plexus Neoplasms What to Read Next on ...
Choroid Plexus Tumors. On-line free medical diagnosis assistant. Ranked list of possible diseases from either several symptoms ...
ICD-10 code D31.30 for Benign neoplasm of unspecified choroid online definition ...
Choroid Neoplasms / diagnosis* * Choroid Neoplasms / secondary * Choroid Neoplasms / ultrastructure * Hemangioma / diagnosis * ...
Choroid Neoplasms / radiotherapy* * Female * Fluorescein Angiography * Hemangioma / radiotherapy* * Humans * Male * Middle Aged ...
These tumors can occur in the choroid, iris and ciliary body. The latter are sometimes called iris or ciliary body melanoma. ... Eye neoplasms can affect all parts of the eye, and can be a benign tumor or a malignant tumor (cancer). Eye cancers can be ... Iridectomy - Removal of the affected piece of the iris Choroidectomy - Removal of the choroid layer (the vascular tissue ...
Benign Neoplasm of Choroid. *Benign Neoplasm of Eye. *Benign Tumor. *Blepharitis. *Blocked Tear Duct ...
Benign Neoplasm of Choroid ... providers who treat Destruction of Lesion of Retina and Choroid ... Destruction of Lesion of Retina and Choroid ...
Choroid plexus tumors and ciliary body medulloepithelioma are predominantly pediatric neoplasms. Progress in understanding the ... Nestin-mediated MYC expression in the epithelial cells of choroid plexus leads to the regionalized formation of choroid plexus ... The choroid plexus: a missing link in our understanding of brain development and function. Physiological reviews Saunders, N. R ... Studies of the choroid plexuses lag behind those of, the more widely known, blood brain barrier in spite of a much longer ...
The critical diagnosis of this neoplasm is often difficult because of its similarity with other primary or secondary papillary ... These tumors were tested immunohistochemically with a profile similar to that of a choroid plexus tumor; however, ... the tumors appeared to be less differentiated than a choroid plexus papilloma and more differentiated than a choroid plexus ... described neoplasm that has been formally recognized in the 2007 World Health Organization (WHO) "Classification of Tumors of ...
III CNS and misc intracranial and intraspinal neoplasms 31 III(a) Ependymomas and choroid plexus tumors 32 III(b) Astrocytomas ... III(e) Other specified intracranial/intraspinal neoplasms 36 III(f) Unspecified intracranial and intraspinal neoplasms 40 IV ... II Lymphoma and reticuloendothelial neoplasms 21 II(a) Hodgkin lymphoma 22 II(b) Non-Hodgkin lymphoma 23 II(c) Burkitt lymphoma ... XI Carcinomas and other malignant epithelial neoplasms 111 XI(a) Adrenocortical carcinomas 112 XI(b) Thyroid carcinomas 113 XI( ...
... they seem to originate from the RPE-choroid interface. It has also been observed in some instances that choroidal tumor ... ETS-1 and ETS-2 are upregulated in a transgenic mouse model of pigmented ocular neoplasm G. De la Houssaye,1 V. Vieira,1 C. ... We then investigated ETS-1 and ETS-2 gene expressions in a mouse model of pigmented ocular neoplasm. We showed that ETS-1 and ... We investigated the roles of ETS-1 and ETS-2 in the development of pigment neoplasms using semi-quantitative RT-PCR to compare ...
7. Smith A, Smirniotopoulos J, Horkanyne-Szakaly I. From the Radiologic Pathology Archives: Intraventricular Neoplasms: ... atypical choroid plexus papilloma: indistinguishable, but far less common. * choroid plexus carcinoma: can be very difficult on ... but far more frequently seen in higher-grade tumors such as atypical choroid plexus papillomas and choroid plexus carcinomas 10 ... histological features distinguish them from atypical choroid plexus papillomas (WHO grade 2) and choroid plexus carcinomas (WHO ...
Choroid, Choroid Neoplasms, Brachytherapy, Eye Enucleation, Iris Neoplasms, Ciliary Body, Conjunctiva, Conjunctival Neoplasms, ... Head and Neck Neoplasms, Breast Neoplasms, Nevi and Melanomas, Skin Neoplasms, Central Nervous System Neoplasms, ... Neoplasms, Head and Neck Neoplasms, Mouth Neoplasms, Surgical Procedures, Operative, General Surgery, Salivary Gland Neoplasms ... Breast Neoplasms, Prostatic Neoplasms, Lung Neoplasms, Colonic Neoplasms, Social Conditions, 50334, Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell ...
Subject(s): choroid hemorrhage ; choroid neoplasms ; choroidal neovascularization ; foreign bodies ; eye injuries ; ...
Neuroblastoma; Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal; Melanoma; Choroid Plexus Neoplasms; Glioma; Diffuse Intrinsic Pontine Glioma ... Urethral Neoplasms; Prostatic Neoplasms; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms; Head and Neck Neoplasms; Wilms Tumor; Neoplasms; Carcinoma ... Prostatic Neoplasms; Breast Neoplasms; Ovarian Neoplasms; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms; Mesothelioma; Wilms Tumor; Pancreatic ... Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung; Melanoma; Fallopian Tube Neoplasms; Peritoneal Neoplasms; ...
Choroid Neoplasms / diagnosis; Choroid Neoplasms / secondary; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Humans; Kidney Neoplasms / ... Renal Cell Carcinoma Metastatic to the Choroid Mimicking Intraventricular Meningioma Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences ...
Connect with our community and explore comprehensive information on Benign Neoplasm of Eye. Shared experiences for a healthier ... Benign Neoplasm of Lacrimal Duct - Benign Neoplasm of Conjunctiva - Benign Neoplasm of Choroid ... Benign Neoplasm of Orbit - Benign Neoplasm of Lacrimal Gland - Benign Neoplasm of Retina - Benign Neoplasm of Eye Not Elsewhere ... Benign eye neoplasm symptoms may include redness, eye bulging, irritation, burning, itching, swelling or vision changes. ...
Benign Neoplasm of Choroid ... providers who treat Destruction of Lesion of Retina and Choroid ... Destruction of Lesion of Retina and Choroid ...
Malignant neoplasm of choroid Malignant neoplasm of unspecified choroid Other endophthalmitis Other paralytic strabismus, ...
MYELOPROLIFERATIVE DISORDERS OR POORLY DIFFERENTIATED NEOPLASMS WITH MAJOR O.R. PROCEDURE WITH CC ... D49.81 Neoplasm of unspecified behavior of retina and choroid. *D49.89 Neoplasm of unspecified behavior of other specified ... Z85.41 Personal history of malignant neoplasm of cervix uteri. *Z85.42 Personal history of malignant neoplasm of other parts of ... Z85.810 Personal history of malignant neoplasm of tongue. *Z85.818 Personal history of malignant neoplasm of other sites of lip ...
Choroid plexus tumors (CPTs) are rare intracranial neoplasms, representing Assuntos. Neoplasias do Plexo Corióideo , Síndrome ... Genomic profile of two Brazilian choroid plexus tumors by whole-exome sequencing. ...
Choroid, Choroid Neoplasms, Brachytherapy, Eye Enucleation, Iris Neoplasms, Ciliary Body, Conjunctiva, Conjunctival Neoplasms, ... Head and Neck Neoplasms, Breast Neoplasms, Nevi and Melanomas, Skin Neoplasms, Lung Neoplasms, Central Nervous System Neoplasms ... Neoplasms, Medical Oncology, Oncology Service, Hospital, Lung, Lung Neoplasms, Carcinoma, Small Cell, Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell ... Eye Neoplasms, Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms, Epidemiology, Neoplasms, Lymph Nodes, Lymph Node Excision, Sentinel ...
choroid plexus cancer DOID:3540 * paranasal sinus neoplasm DOID:1350 * cryptococcal meningitis ...
Anterior uveal melanoma refers to tumors involving the choroid anterior to the equator, the ciliary body and/or iris and ... The choroid posterior to the equator is the most common site involved, accounting for approximately 85% of cases[3]. ... clinical characteristics that facilitate its differentiation from other pigmented and non-pigmented lesions of the choroid.&# ... Color: Grayish-to-brownish neoplasm located in the choroid with overlying retinal vessels. However, there are also amelanotic ...
skull base neoplasm DOID:3842 * choroid plexus cancer DOID:3540 * tuberculum sellae meningioma ...
CHOROID PLEXUS NEOPLASMS; or colloid cysts of the third ventricle. (From Escourolle et al., Manual of Basic Neuropathology, 2nd ... Breast NeoplasmsLung NeoplasmsNeoplasmsAdenocarcinomaNeoplasm MetastasisNeoplasm Recurrence, LocalDisease ProgressionBrain ... AnimalLiver NeoplasmsCarcinoma, Squamous CellGlioblastomaMelanomaNeoplasm InvasivenessPancreatic NeoplasmsProstatic Neoplasms ... NeoplasticSkin NeoplasmsNeuroblastomaBone NeoplasmsStomach NeoplasmsLeukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-CellNeovascularization, ...
... and choroid). The two most important are choroidal nevus and melanoma. It is speculated that benign choroidal nevus can evolve ... Shields 26.1 Introduction There are several melanocytic neoplasms that can occur in the uveal tract (iris, ciliary body, ... There are several melanocytic neoplasms that can occur in the uveal tract (iris, ciliary body, and choroid). The two most ... Tags: and Choroid, Diseases of the Vitreous, Ophthalmology, Optometry, Retina, Vitreoretinal Disease ...

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