Cirsium
Dynamics of a mutualism in a multi-species context. (1/12)
Despite recent findings that mutualistic interactions between two species may be greatly affected by species external to the mutualism, the implications of such multi-species interactions for the population dynamics of the mutualists are virtually unexplored. In this paper, we ask how the mutualism between the shoot-base boring weevil Apion onopordi and the rust fungus Puccinia punctiformis is influenced by the dynamics of their shared host plant Cirsium arvense, and vice versa. In particular, we hypothesized that the distribution of the weevil's egg load between healthy and rust-infected thistles may regulate the abundance of the mutualists and their host plant. In contrast to our expectations we found that the dynamics of the mutualists are largely determined by the dynamics of their host. This is, to our knowledge, the first demonstration that the dynamics of a mutualism are driven by a third, non-mutualistic species. (+info)Flavonoid compounds from the flowers of Cirsium rivulare (Jacq.) All. (2/12)
Seven flavonoid compounds: tricin, apigenin, luteolin, hispidulin, acacetin 7-O-beta-D-rutinoside (linarin), apigenin 7-O-beta-D-glucuronide and apigenin 7-O-beta-D-glucoside were isolated from the flowers of Cirsium rivulare (Jacq.) All. Their structure were determined by chemical and spectroscopic methods (UV, 1H NMR, 13C NMR) and comparison data of the literature. Six of them were isolated for the first time from this plant. (+info)Genome size variation in Central European species of Cirsium (Compositae) and their natural hybrids. (3/12)
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Nuclear DNA amounts of 12 diploid and one tetraploid taxa and 12 natural interspecific hybrids of Cirsium from 102 populations in the Czech Republic, Austria, Slovakia and Hungary were estimated. METHODS: DAPI and PI flow cytometry were used. KEY RESULTS: 2C-values of diploid (2n = 34) species varied from 2.14 pg in C. heterophyllum to 3.60 pg in C. eriophorum (1.68-fold difference); the 2C value for the tetraploid C. vulgare was estimated at 5.54 pg. The DNA contents of hybrids were located between the values of their putative parents, although usually closer to the species with the smaller genome. Biennial species of Cirsium possessed larger nuclear DNA amounts than their perennial relatives. Genome size was negatively correlated with Ellenberg's indicator values for continentality and moisture and with eastern limits of distribution. A negative relationship was also detected between the genome size and the tendency to form natural interspecific hybrids. On the contrary, C-values positively corresponded with the spinyness (degree of spinosity). AT frequency ranged from 48.38 % in C. eriophorum to 51.75 % in C. arvense. Significant intraspecific DNA content variation in DAPI sessions was detected in C. acaule (probably due to the presence of B-chromosomes), and in tetraploid C. vulgare. Only the diploid level was confirmed for the Pannonian C. brachycephalum, generally considered to be tetraploid. In addition, triploidy was discovered for the first time in C. rivulare. CONCLUSIONS: Considerable differences in nuclear DNA content exist among Central European species of Cirsium on the diploid level. Perennial soft spiny Cirsium species of wet habitats and continental distributions generally have smaller genomes. The hybrids of diploid species remain diploid, and their DNA content is smaller than the mean of the parents. Species with smaller genomes produce interspecific hybrids more frequently. (+info)Pectolinarin and Pectolinarigenin of Cirsium setidens Prevent the Hepatic Injury in Rats Caused by D-Galactosamine via an Antioxidant Mechanism. (4/12)
To identify the hepatoprotective component from the leaves of Cirsium setidens (Compositae), the methanolic extract was divided into two fractions, chloroform and butanol fractions, and their hepatoprotective efficacy was evaluated in a rat model of hepatic injury caused by D-galactosamine (GalN). Hepatoprotective activity was measured by the activity of serum aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). Glutathione metabolism was measured via biochemical parameters such as glutathione (GSH), glutathione reductase (GR), gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (GCS), glutathione S-transferase (GST), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels. We subjected the butanol fraction, which had higher activity, to column chromatography to yield pectolinarin, which was further hydrolyzed to yield pectolinarigenin. Administration (10, 20 mg/kg, p.o.) of the main flavonoid glycoside component, pectolinarin, and its aglycone, pectolinarigenin, for 2 weeks significantly decreased the activity levels of AST, ALT, ALP and LDH, indicating that the two compounds have hepatoprotective activity. Pectolinarin and pectolinarigenin also increased activity levels of GSH, GR, GCS, and GST, as well as SOD. The significant effect was only seen in SOD activity. This suggests that the two components exhibit hepatoprotective activity mainly via SOD antioxidant mechanism. (+info)Anti-inflammatory activity of pectolinarigenin and pectolinarin isolated from Cirsium chanroenicum. (5/12)
In order to identify the active anti-inflammatory ingredient(s) in Cirsium chanroenicum (Compositae), its methanol extract and several solvent fractions were prepared; the methanol extract and the ethylacetate fraction inhibited cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2)-mediated prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX)-mediated leukotriene (LT) production in lipopolysaccharide-treated RAW 264.7 cells and A23187-treated rat basophilic leukemia (RBL-1) cells, respectively. Further bioactivity-guided fractionation of the ethylacetate fraction using column chromatography led to the isolation of pectolinarigenin (5,7-dihydroxy-4',6-dimethoxyflavone), along with pectolinarin [pectolinarigenin 7-rhamnosyl-(1-->6)-glucoside]. Pectolinarigenin strongly inhibited COX-2-mediated PGE2 and 5-LOX-mediated LT production at >1 microM, indicating that it is a dual inhibitor of COX-2/5-LOX. However, pectolinarigenin did not affect COX-2 expression or nuclear transcription factor (NF-kappaB) activation. In addition, in vivo studies demonstrated that oral administration of these two compounds at 20-100 mg/kg resulted in similar inhibitory activities against several animal models of inflammation/allergy: arachidonic acid-induced mouse ear edema, carrageenan-induced mouse paw edema and passive cutaneous anaphylaxis. All of these results suggest that pectolinarigenin and pectolinarin possess anti-inflammatory activity and that they may inhibit eicosanoid formation in inflammatory lesions. These activities certainly contribute to the anti-inflammatory mechanism of C. chanroenicum. (+info)Body fat mass reduction and up-regulation of uncoupling protein by novel lipolysis-promoting plant extract. (6/12)
We have found natural products exhibiting lipolysis-promoting activity in subcutaneous adipocytes, which are less sensitive to hormones than visceral adipocytes. The activities and a action mechanisms of a novel plant extract of Cirsium oligophyllum (CE) were investigated in isolated adipocytes from rat subcutaneous fat, and its fat-reducing effects by peroral administration and topical application were evaluated in vivo. CE-induced lipolysis was synergistically enhanced by caffeine, a phosphodiesterase inhibitor, and was reduced by propranolol, a beta adrenergic antagonist. The peroral administration of 10% CE solution to Wistar rats for 32 days reduced body weight gain, subcutaneous, and visceral fat weights by 6.6, 26.2, and 3.0%, respectively, as compared to the control group. By the topical application of 2% of this extract to rats for 7 days, weight of subcutaneous fat in the treated skin was reduced by 23.2%. This fat mass reduction was accompanied by the up-regulation of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP), a principal thermogenic mitochondrial molecule related to energy dissipating, in subcutaneous fat and UCP3 in skin except for the fat layer. These results indicate that CE promotes lipolysis via a mechanism involving the beta adrenergic receptor, and affects the body fat mass. This fat reduction may be partially due to UCP up-regulation in the skin including subcutaneous fat. This is the first report showing that repeated lipolysis promotion through CE administration may be beneficial for the systematic suppression of body fat accumulation or the control of fat distribution in obesity. (+info)Performance of host-races of the fruit fly, Tephritis conura on a derived host plant, the cabbage thistle Cirsium oleraceum: implications for the original host shift. (7/12)
(+info)Cirsium japonicum flavones enhance adipocyte differentiation and glucose uptake in 3T3-L1 cells. (8/12)
Cirsium japonicum flavones have been demonstrated to possess anti-diabetic effects in diabetic rats, but the functional mechanism remains unknown. The nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) plays an important role in glucose and lipid homeostasis. In this study, we report the effects of Cirsium japonicum flavones (pectolinarin and 5,7-dihydroxy-6,4-dimethoxy flavone) on PPARgamma activation, adipocyte differentiation, and glucose uptake in 3T3-L1 cells. Reporter gene assays and Oil Red O staining showed that Cirsium japonicum flavones induced PPARgamma activation and enhanced adipocyte differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, Cirsium japonicum flavones increased the expression of PPARgamma target genes, such as adiponectin and glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4), and enhanced the translocation of intracellular GLUT4 to the plasma membrane. In mature 3T3-L1 adipocytes, Cirsium japonicum flavones significantly enhanced the basal and insulin-stimulated glucose uptake. The flavones-induced effects in 3T3-L1 cells were abolished by the PPARgamma antagonist, GW9662, and by the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor, wortmannin. This study suggests that Cirsium japonicum flavones promote adipocyte differentiation and glucose uptake by inducing PPARgamma activation and then modulating the insulin signaling pathway in some way, which could benefit diabetes patients. (+info)"Cirsium" is a genus of flowering plants in the family Asteraceae, also known as the aster or daisy family. These plants are commonly known as thistles and include many species that are native to various parts of the world. They are often characterized by their prickly leaves and stems, and some species are considered invasive due to their ability to spread quickly in new environments.
The medical definition of "Cirsium" is not widely established, as the genus does not contain any plants that are commonly used for medicinal purposes. While some species of Cirsium have been used in traditional medicine in various cultures, there is limited scientific evidence to support their effectiveness or safety. Therefore, it is important to consult with a healthcare provider before using any plant or herbal remedy for medical purposes.
Flavones are a type of flavonoid, which is a class of plant and fungal metabolites. They are characterized by a phenylbenzopyrone structure, consisting of two benzene rings (A and B) linked through a heterocyclic pyrone ring (C). Flavones specifically have a double bond between the second and third carbon atoms in the C ring, which contributes to their planar structure.
Flavones are found in various plants, including fruits, vegetables, and herbs, and they have been studied for their potential health benefits. Some common flavones include luteolin, apigenin, and chrysin. These compounds have been shown to have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer properties in laboratory studies, but more research is needed to determine their effectiveness and safety in humans.
Cirsium
Cirsium arisanense
Cirsium mohavense
Cirsium barnebyi
Cirsium boninense
Cirsium lecontei
Cirsium carolinianum
Cirsium ownbeyi
Cirsium cymosum
Cirsium rydbergii
Cirsium vinaceum
Cirsium toyoshimae
Cirsium andersonii
Cirsium horridulum
Cirsium repandum
Cirsium douglasii
Cirsium arizonicum
Cirsium edule
Cirsium eriophorum
Cirsium brachycephalum
Cirsium parryi
Cirsium pumilum
Cirsium arvense
Cirsium durangense
Cirsium perplexans
Cirsium brevifolium
Cirsium loncholepis
Cirsium hookerianum
Cirsium oleraceum
Cirsium crassicaule
Cirsium - Wikipedia
Cirsium roseolum - Wikispecies
ITIS - Report: Cirsium arvense
Cirsium heterophyllum Verschiedenblättrige Kratzdistel
VPlants - Cirsium altissimum
Hvitbladtistel (Cirsium helenioides)
Three flowerheads - pictures of Cirsium Arvense, Asteraceae - wildflowers of West USA
Cirsium eatonii in Flora of North America @ efloras.org
SEINet Portal Network - Cirsium
Cirsium muticum; Swamp Thistle
Cirsium horridulum ( Yellow Thistle Cirsium ) : Backyard Gardener
Cirsium arvense var. vestitum in Flora of China @ efloras.org
CalPhotos: Cirsium andrewsii; Franciscan Thistle
Cirsium cymosum var. canovirens Calflora
SEINet Portal Network - Cirsium undulatum
Darwin's Library Concept - 'flora - Cirsium' - Biodiversity Heritage Library
SEINet Portal Network Taxonomy Explorer: Cirsium arizonicum
Bull Thistle (Cirsium vulgare) - 04 - Wild Flowers of Sleepy Hollow Lake From All-Creatures.org
Cirsium involucratum in Annotated Checklist of the Flowering Plants of Nepal @ efloras.org
Cirsium virginianum - Species Page - ISB: Atlas of Florida Plants
Cirsium edule | Indian Thistle | Wildflowers of the Pacific Northwest
Cirsium acaulon subsp. acaulon (L.) Scop. - Plantas Silvestres de España
Cirsium palustre (L.) Coss. ex Scop. - Plantas Silvestres de España
Cirsium heterophyllum (L.) Hill | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science
Cirsium discolor, Field Thistle - Floyd Native Plants
Cirsium pumilum var. hillii (Hill's Thistle): Minnesota Wildflowers
Monarch butterfly (Danaus plexippus) feeding on a Thistle flower (Cirsium) | GreenFuse Photos: Garden, farm & food photography
Cirsium altissimum (Roadside Thistle, Tall Thistle) | North Carolina Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox
Asteraceae1
- Cirsium is a genus of perennial and biennial flowering plants in the Asteraceae, one of several genera known commonly as thistles. (wikipedia.org)
Thistle17
- Cirsium vulgare (bull thistle, common thistle, or spear thistle) is listed as a noxious weed in nine US states. (wikipedia.org)
- The monarch butterfly (Danaus plexippus), for instance, was highlighted as relying upon thistles such as Tall thistle (Cirsium altissimum) as nectar sources during its migration. (wikipedia.org)
- Cirsium acarna - soldier thistle Cirsium acaule - stemless thistle, dwarf thistle Cirsium altissimum - roadside thistle, tall thistle Cirsium amblylepis - Mt. Tamalpais thistle Cirsium andersonii - Anderson's thistle, rose thistle Cirsium andrewsii - Franciscan thistle Cirsium arizonicum - Arizona thistle Cirsium arvense - creeping thistle, field thistle, Canada thistle Cirsium arvense var.argenteum Cirsium arvense var. (wikipedia.org)
- Cirsium discolor (Field Thistle) , together with Cirsium muticum (Swamp Thistle), is Floyd County's native thistle, and a staple of any butterfly garden. (floydnativeplants.org)
- Sadly, Cirsium discolor has been targeted for eradication largely due to the invasive behavior of its non-native cousins, the European Bull Thistle ( Cirsium vulgare ) and Canada Thistle ( Cirsium arvense ) which, despite the name, is not native to North America. (floydnativeplants.org)
- Hill's Thistle often goes by Latin name Cirsium hillii but it is now treated as a variety of Cirsium pumilum (Pasture Thistle), var. (minnesotawildflowers.info)
- Cirsium is Greek for thistle, while ochrocentrum means having and ochre-colored center. (asu.edu)
- Cirsium oleraceum (Cabbage Thistle) is a herbaceous perennial plant with unbranched stems or only a few branches. (worldoffloweringplants.com)
- Other names include: Creeping thistle, Field thistle (Not to be confused with Field Thistle (Cirsium discolor) . (authenticwisconsin.com)
- Above: 1913 Canada Thistle (Cirsium arvense ) drawing. (authenticwisconsin.com)
- Above: Canada Thistle (Cirsium arvense ) botanical illustration circa 1885. (authenticwisconsin.com)
- Above: Canada Thistle (Cirsium arvense ) botanical illustration from the Atlas des plantes de France circa 1891. (authenticwisconsin.com)
- Above: Video on Canada Thistle (Cirsium arvense ) identification by the University of Wisconsin Extension. (authenticwisconsin.com)
- Chris says, "Swamp Thistle is the only Cirsium thistle that you can grab and it doesn't hurt. (marylandbiodiversity.com)
- Unlike many of Maryland's other Cirsium thistles, the spines of Swamp Thistle are not stiff enough to cause any pain. (marylandbiodiversity.com)
- Here in Scandinavia, adult flies lay eggs on, and larvae develop inside, the melancholy thistle, Cirsium heterophyllum . (lu.se)
- For example, the peacock fly, Tephritis conura , has recently (ca. 10,000 years ago) split into two host forms: one that specializes on the melancholy thistle ( Cirsium heterophyllum ) and one that specializes on the cabbage thistle ( C. oleraceum ). (lu.se)
Genus1
- Members of the genus Cirsium support the following specialized bees: Melissodes (Heliomelissodes) desponsus, Osmia (Helicosmia) chalybea and Osmia (Helicosmia) texana. (ncsu.edu)
Vulgare5
- Extensions from the leaf base down the stem, called wings, can be lacking (Cirsium arvense), conspicuous (Cirsium vulgare), or inconspicuous. (wikipedia.org)
- Cirsium vulgare, for instance, ranked in the top 10 for nectar production in a UK plants survey conducted by the AgriLand project which is supported by the UK Insect Pollinators Initiative. (wikipedia.org)
- Cirsium vulgare was also a top producer of nectar sugar in another study in Britain, ranked third with a production per floral unit of (2323 ± 418μg). (wikipedia.org)
- Certain species of Cirsium, like Cirsium monspessulanum, Cirsium pyrenaicum and Cirsium vulgare, have been traditionally used as food in rural areas of southern Europe. (wikipedia.org)
- Cirsium vulgare (Savi) Ten. (intermountainbiota.org)
Heterophyllum1
- Cirsium heterophyllum var. (kew.org)
Carduus1
- Carduus vulgaris Savi, Cirsium lanceolatum (L.) Scop. (intermountainbiota.org)
Integrifolium1
- integrifolium Cirsium arvense var. (wikipedia.org)
Spreng1
- Cirsium altissimum (L.) Spreng. (usf.edu)
Species7
- Cirsium thistles are used as food plants by the larvae of some Lepidoptera species-see list of Lepidoptera that feed on Cirsium. (wikipedia.org)
- Some other common species are: Cirsium arvense, Cirsium palustre, Cirsium oleraceum. (wikipedia.org)
- Cirsium eatonii is a polymorphic species widely distributed in a high elevation archipelago across the central Rocky Mountains and the Intermountain Region. (efloras.org)
- Only three genera in Cynareae are represented by native species in the New World, and of these Cirsium is by far the most widely distributed and diverse. (swbiodiversity.org)
- Native species of Cirsium range from sea level to alpine and from boreal regions of Canada to the tropics of Central America. (swbiodiversity.org)
- Cirsium discolor can be grown in most any sunny mesic cultivated garden, though it is a widely adapted pioneer species able to scrape out a living in many disturbed or subxeric habitats. (floydnativeplants.org)
- Cirsium discolor is noted of Special Value to Native Bees by the Xerces Society ( Wildflower.org ), as a keystone species for 15 species of native bees by Dr. Doug Tallamy, and as a provider of nesting habitat for some native bees including leaf miner bees which nest in the hollow stems ( Xerces , 2017). (floydnativeplants.org)
Muticum1
- The photographer's identification Cirsium muticum has not been reviewed. (berkeley.edu)
Oleraceum2
- Cirsium oleraceum is cultivated as a food source in Japan and India. (wikipedia.org)
- Photo: Cirsium oleraceum 6. (henriettes-herb.com)
Mite1
- mite Cirsium arvense var. (wikipedia.org)
Thistles2
- Cirsium discolor can be distinguished from non-native thistles by the white woolly undersides of the leaves which none of the non-native thistles have and all North America's native thistles do have. (floydnativeplants.org)
- Cirsium thistles can be an identification challenge. (marylandbiodiversity.com)
Discolor5
- As a result, if you decide you don't want to continue growing Cirsium discolor , cut the flowers before they go to seed or remove the seedheads before they are dispersed. (floydnativeplants.org)
- Monarch butterfly on Cirsium discolor flower. (floydnativeplants.org)
- Cirsium discolor at edge of redcedar thicket. (floydnativeplants.org)
- Cirsium discolor (Muhl. (wildflower.org)
- Learn more about Cirsium discolor . (mgnv.org)
Undulatum6
- Cirsium undulatum (Nutt. (swbiodiversity.org)
- Cirsium undulatum f. album Farw. (swbiodiversity.org)
- Cirsium undulatum is widely distributed in the wstern half of North America from the dry plains and plateaus of the Pacific Northwest eastward across the Great Plains to Manitoba and the Dakotas and south to Texas, New Mexico, and northwestern Mexico. (swbiodiversity.org)
- Cirsium undulatum is both widespread and variable. (swbiodiversity.org)
- However, most reports of Cirsium undulatum in California are based upon misidentifications of C. canescens . (swbiodiversity.org)
- Cirsium undulatum is known to hybridize with C. flodmanii, C. hookerianum , and C. scariosum var. (swbiodiversity.org)
Subsp2
- Cirsium acaulon subsp. (hoseito.com)
- Cirsium neomexicanum subsp. (intermountainbiota.org)
Michaux1
- Cirsium virginianum (Linnaeus) Michaux, forma revolutum (Small) Fernald, Rhodora 45: 509. (usf.edu)
Fisch1
- Cirsium neglectum Fisch. (asu.edu)
Petrak2
- Cirsium revolutum (Small) Petrak, Beih. (usf.edu)
- Petrak) S.L.Welsh, Cirsium utahense Petr. (intermountainbiota.org)
Native1
- White undersides of leaves are an easy way to tell if it's a native Cirsium . (floydnativeplants.org)
Rhodora1
- 51. Cirsium eatonii (A. Gray) B. L. Robinson, Rhodora. (efloras.org)
Greene1
- Cirsium cymosum (Greene) J. T. Howell var. (calflora.org)
Agricultural1
- Cirsium arvense is one of the most economically important agricultural weeds in the world. (asu.edu)
Gray1
- 1883 (as eatoni), based on Cirsium eriocephalum A. Gray [not Wallroth] var. (efloras.org)