Cucurbitaceae
Small, repetitive DNAs contribute significantly to the expanded mitochondrial genome of cucumber. (1/59)
Closely related cucurbit species possess eightfold differences in the sizes of their mitochondrial genomes. We cloned mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) fragments showing strong hybridization signals to cucumber mtDNA and little or no signal to watermelon mtDNA. The cucumber mtDNA clones carried short (30-53 bp), repetitive DNA motifs that were often degenerate, overlapping, and showed no homology to any sequences currently in the databases. On the basis of dot-blot hybridizations, seven repetitive DNA motifs accounted for >13% (194 kb) of the cucumber mitochondrial genome, equaling >50% of the size of the Arabidopsis mitochondrial genome. Sequence analysis of 136 kb of cucumber mtDNA revealed only 11.2% with significant homology to previously characterized mitochondrial sequences, 2.4% to chloroplast DNA, and 15% to the seven repetitive DNA motifs. The remaining 71.4% of the sequence was unique to the cucumber mitochondrial genome. There was <4% sequence colinearity surrounding the watermelon and cucumber atp9 coding regions, and the much smaller watermelon mitochondrial genome possessed no significant amounts of cucumber repetitive DNAs. Our results demonstrate that the expanded cucumber mitochondrial genome is in part due to extensive duplication of short repetitive sequences, possibly by recombination and/or replication slippage. (+info)Citrulline, a novel compatible solute in drought-tolerant wild watermelon leaves, is an efficient hydroxyl radical scavenger. (2/59)
Drought-tolerant wild watermelon accumulates high levels of citrulline in the leaves in response to drought conditions. In this work, the hydroxyl radical-scavenging activity of citrulline was investigated in vitro. The second-order rate constant for the reaction between citrulline and hydroxyl radicals was found to be 3.9x10(9) M(-1) s(-1), demonstrating that citrulline is one of the most efficient scavengers among compatible solutes examined so far. Moreover, citrulline effectively protected DNA and an enzyme from oxidative injuries. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis revealed that at least four major products were formed by the reaction between citrulline and hydroxyl radicals. Activities of metabolic enzymes were not inhibited by up to 600 mM citrulline, indicating that citrulline does not interfere with cellular metabolism. We reasoned, from these results, that citrulline contributes to oxidative stress tolerance under drought conditions as a novel hydroxyl radical scavenger. (+info)Citrulline and DRIP-1 protein (ArgE homologue) in drought tolerance of wild watermelon. (3/59)
Drought-affected plants experience more than just desiccation of their organs due to water deficit. Plants transpire 1000 times more molecules of water than of CO2 fixed by photosynthesis in full sunlight. One effect of transpiration is to cool the leaves. Accordingly, drought brings about such multi-stresses as high temperatures, excess photoradiation and other factors that affect plant viability. Wild watermelon serves as a suitable model system to study drought responses of C3 plants, since this plant survives drought by maintaining its water content without any wilting of leaves or desiccation even under severe drought conditions. Under drought conditions in the presence of strong light, wild watermelon accumulates high concentrations of citrulline, glutamate and arginine in its leaves. The accumulation of citrulline and arginine may be related to the induction of DRIP-1, a homologue of ArgE in Escherichia coli, where it functions to incorporate the carbon skeleton of glutamate into the urea cycle. Immunogold electron microscopy reveals the enzyme to be confined exclusively to the cytosol. DRIP-1 is also induced by treating wild watermelon with 150 mM NaCl, but is not induced following treatment with 100 microM abscisic acid. The salt treatment causes the accumulation of gamma-aminobutyrate, glutamine and alanine, in addition to a smaller amount of citrulline. Citrulline may function as a potent hydroxyl radical scavenger. (+info)Molecular characterization of a GA-inducible gene, Cvsus1, in developing watermelon seeds. (4/59)
To understand the molecular mechanisms that control seed development, we isolated a seed-preferential gene from ESTs of developing watermelon seeds. The gene Cvsus1 encodes a protein that is 86% identical to the Vicia faba sucrose synthase expressed in developing seeds. RNA blot analysis showed that Cvsus1 was preferentially expressed in watermelon seeds. We also investigated gene expression levels both in pollinated seeds and in parthenocarpic seeds, which lack zygotic tissues. Whereas the transcript level of Cvsus1 was rapidly increased during normal seed development, the expression was not significantly increased in the parthenocarpic seeds. However, treating the parthenocarpic fruits with GA3 strongly induced Cvsus1 expression, up to the level accumulated in pollinated seeds. These results suggest that Cvsus1 is induced in maternal tissues via signals from the zygotic tissues, and that GA may be one of those signals. (+info)Consumption of watermelon juice increases plasma concentrations of lycopene and beta-carotene in humans. (5/59)
Watermelon is a rich natural source of lycopene, a carotenoid of great interest because of its antioxidant capacity and potential health benefits. Assessment of bioavailability of lycopene from foods has been limited to tomato products, in which heat processing promotes lycopene bioavailability. We examined the bioavailability of lycopene from fresh-frozen watermelon juice in a 19-wk crossover study. Healthy, nonsmoking adults (36-69 y) completed three 3-wk treatment periods, each with a controlled, weight-maintenance diet. Treatment periods were preceded by "washout" periods of 2-4 wk during which lycopene-rich foods were restricted. All 23 subjects consumed the W-20 (20.1 mg/d lycopene, 2.5 mg/d beta-carotene from watermelon juice) and C-0 treatments (controlled diet, no juice). As a third treatment, subjects consumed either the W-40 (40.2 mg/d lycopene, 5.0 mg/d beta-carotene from watermelon juice, n = 12) or T-20 treatment (18.4 mg/d lycopene, 0.6 mg/d beta-carotene from tomato juice, n = 10). After 3 wk of treatment, plasma lycopene concentrations for the W-20, W-40, T-20 and C-0 treatments were (least squares means +/- SEM) 1078 +/- 106, 1183 +/- 139, 960 +/- 117 and 272 +/- 27 nmol/L, respectively. Plasma concentrations of beta-carotene were significantly greater after W-20 (574 +/- 49 nmol/L) and W-40 (694 +/- 73 nmol/L) treatments than after the C-0 treatment (313 +/- 27 nmol/L). Plasma lycopene concentrations did not differ at wk 3 after W-20, W-40 and T-20 treatments, indicating that lycopene was bioavailable from both fresh-frozen watermelon juice and canned tomato juice, and that a dose-response effect was not apparent in plasma when the watermelon dose was doubled. (+info)Variability and genetic structure of the population of watermelon mosaic virus infecting melon in Spain. (6/59)
The genetic structure of the population of Watermelon mosaic virus (WMV) in Spain was analysed by the biological and molecular characterisation of isolates sampled from its main host plant, melon. The population was a highly homogeneous one, built of a single pathotype, and comprising isolates closely related genetically. There was indication of temporal replacement of genotypes, but not of spatial structure of the population. Analyses of nucleotide sequences in three genomic regions, that is, in the cistrons for the P1, cylindrical inclusion (CI) and capsid (CP) proteins, showed lower similar values of nucleotide diversity for the P1 than for the CI or CP cistrons. The CI protein and the CP were under tighter evolutionary constraints than the P1 protein. Also, for the CI and CP cistrons, but not for the P1 cistron, two groups of sequences, defining two genetic strains, were apparent. Thus, different genomic regions of WMV show different evolutionary dynamics. Interestingly, for the CI and CP cistrons, sequences were clustered into two regions of the sequence space, defining the two strains above, and no intermediary sequences were identified. Recombinant isolates were found, accounting for at least 7% of the population. These recombinants presented two interesting features: (i) crossover points were detected between the analysed regions in the CI and CP cistrons, but not between those in the P1 and CI cistrons, (ii) crossover points were not observed within the analysed coding regions for the P1, CI or CP proteins. This indicates strong selection against isolates with recombinant proteins, even when originated from closely related strains. Hence, data indicate that genotypes of WMV, generated by mutation or recombination, outside of acceptable, discrete, regions in the evolutionary space, are eliminated from the virus population by negative selection. (+info)Inheritance of egusi seed type in watermelon. (7/59)
An unusual seed mutant in watermelon (Citrullus lanatus var. lanatus) has seeds with a fleshy pericarp, commonly called egusi seeds. The origin of the phenotype is unknown, but it is widely cultivated in Nigeria for the high protein and carbohydrate content of the edible seeds. Egusi seeds have a thick, fleshy pericarp that appears during the second to third week of fruit development. We studied the inheritance of this phenotype in crosses of normal seeded Charleston Gray and Calhoun Gray with two plant introduction accessions, PI 490383w and PI 560006, having the egusi seed type. We found that the egusi seed type is controlled by a single recessive gene, and the symbol eg was assigned. (+info)Stabilization of cucurbitacin E-glycoside, a feeding stimulant for diabroticite beetles, extracted from bitter Hawkesbury watermelon. (8/59)
Cucurbitacins are feeding stimulants for diabroticite beetles, including corn rootworms and cucumber beetles, which can be added to a bait containing an insecticide thereby reducing the levels of other insecticide treatments needed to control these pests. One of them, cucurbitacin E-glycoside, is water soluble and easily processed from mutant bitter Hawkesbury watermelons (BHW) that express elevated levels of cucurbitacin. Storage of BHW extract at room temperature resulted in a 92% reduction of cucurbitacin E-glycoside over two months, while refrigeration or freezing resulted in a 60% loss of the active ingredient during this time. The loss of the active ingredient was correlated with an increase in BHW extract pH from 5 to greater than 9. The increase in pH of the BHW extracts at room temperature appeared to be due to the growth of certain bacteria, especially Bacillusspp. In refrigerated extracts, the pH remained relatively constant, and bacterial growth was dominated by bacteria such as Lactobacilli. An alternative to refrigeration is concentration of BHW extract. One means of concentration is spray drying, but the high sugar content of the BHW extract (20mg/ml glucose, 40mg/ml fructose) makes this technique impractical. Fermentation of the BHW extract by the yeast, Saccharomyces boulardii, eliminated the sugars and did not raise the pH nor alter the cucurbitacin E-glycoside content of the extract. Elimination of the sugars by fermentation produced an extract that could be successfully spray dried. BHW extract fermented by S. boulardii produced a higher level of feeding stimulation for spotted cucumber beetles in laboratory choice tests. When applied to cucumbers, there was no difference in control of spotted and striped cucumber beetles between baits of fresh or fermented juices combined with the same insecticide. (+info)"Citrullus" is a genus of plants that includes watermelon and several other species of vine-like fruits. The name "Citrullus" comes from the Latin word for watermelon, "citrullus lanatus." Watermelons are the most well-known member of this genus and are popular for their juicy, sweet red or pink flesh, which is high in vitamins A and C and contains a high amount of lycopene. Other species in the Citrullus genus include citron melon (Citrullus lanatus var. citroides) and colocynth (Citrullus colocynthis), also known as bitter apple.
Cucurbitaceae is the scientific name for the gourd family of plants, which includes a variety of vegetables and fruits such as cucumbers, melons, squashes, and pumpkins. These plants are characterized by their trailing or climbing growth habits and their large, fleshy fruits that have hard seeds enclosed in a protective coat. The fruits of these plants are often used as food sources, while other parts of the plant may also have various uses such as medicinal or ornamental purposes.
I'm sorry for any confusion, but "fruit" is not a medical term per se. It is a common term used to describe the part of a plant that develops from the ovary after flowering and contains seeds. However, in a nutritional or dietary context, "fruits" are often referred to as foods that are typically sweet and juicy, and come from plants' flowers. They are rich in fiber, vitamins, and minerals, making them an essential part of a healthy diet. But in a strict medical sense, there isn't a specific definition for "fruit."
Citrullus
Citrullus colocynthis
Citrullus ecirrhosus
Citrullus rehmii
List of vegetable oils
Kalahari melon oil
Cucurbitaceae
List of honey plants
List of plants of Burkina Faso
Melon
Patella (gastropod)
List of Bohol flora and fauna
List of Cucurbitales of South Africa
Ram Parikshan Roy
Citron melon
Vine of Sodom
Dialium guineense
Crop wild relative
Dialium indum
Hoggar Mountains
Cucurbitacin
Wild ancestor
Anthroponics
Citrulline
List of cucurbit diseases
Prehistoric West Africa
Southern Exposure Seed Exchange
Cucurbitacin E
Watermelon seed oil
Egusi
Citrullus - Wikipedia
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RCSB PDB - 7N2T: O-acetylserine sulfhydrylase from Citrullus vulgaris in the internal aldimine state, with citrate bound
Flora of Zimbabwe: Cultivated species information - individual images: Citrullus lanatus
Screening of Antioxidant and Antiulcer Potential of Citrullus colocynthis Methanolic Seed Extract
Importance and practices of Egusi crops (Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. & Nakai, Cucumeropsis mannii Naudin and Lagenaria...
Nucleotide Variation In The Phytoene Synthase (ClPsy1) Gene Contributes To Golden Flesh In Watermelon (Citrullus Lanatus L.) |...
Citrullus | Cucurbitaceae
Cucurbitaceae
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Dark Belle - (F1) Watermelon Seed | Johnny's Selected Seeds
Common Name: Lemon Grass | Scientific Name: Cymbopogon Citrullus - DoctorSchar.com
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Bulk Buy 10 KG Citrullus Colocynthis Fruit Powder, Indrayan Phal, Ayur - YipiSale
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Cucurbitaceae2
- Watermelon ( Citrullus lanatus ) is a Cucurbitaceae, creeping herbal plant or climbing plant characterized as a large and juicy fruit. (hindawi.com)
- Watermelon ( Citrullus lanatus L.) is a commercial Cucurbitaceae crop that is cultivated worldwide and consumed fresh. (researchsquare.com)
Nakai1
- Nakai - desert watermelon Citrullus lanatus subsp. (wikipedia.org)
Thunb4
- tendril-less melon Citrullus lanatus (Thunb. (wikipedia.org)
- Citrullus lanatus (Thunb. (co.zw)
- Importance and practices of Egusi crops (Citrullus lanatus (Thunb. (ac.be)
- Evolution of volatile compounds in 'Cuoredolce®' and 'Rugby' mini- watermelons (Citrullus lanatus (Thunb. (bvsalud.org)
Vulgaris1
- Here, we examine the β-substitution capability of the OASS from Citrullus vulgaris (CvOASS), a putative l-mimosine synthase. (rcsb.org)
Lanatus subsp3
Watermelon Citrullus3
- In addition, there is an older name for the watermelon, Citrullus battich Forssk. (wikipedia.org)
- Nucleotide Variation In The Phytoene Synthase (ClPsy1) Gene Contributes To Golden Flesh In Watermelon (Citrullus Lanatus L. (researchsquare.com)
- To fundamentally explore the correlation between crop nutritional quality and mineral elements, specific tests and accurate analysis were carried out on all organs and root soil of watermelon ( Citrullus lanatus ). (springeropen.com)
Genus4
- Citrullus is a genus of seven species of desert vines, among which Citrullus lanatus (the watermelon) is an important crop. (wikipedia.org)
- Chromosome numbers, Sudanese wild forms, and classification of the watermelon genus Citrullus, with 50 names allocated to seven biological species" (PDF). (wikipedia.org)
- On the taxonomy of genus Citrullus Schrad. (cucurbit.de)
- On the evolution of the genus Citrullus Schrad. (cucurbit.de)
Amarus2
- To solve this problem, it has been proposed to conserve the name Citrullus lanatus with a new type to preserve the current sense of the name Citrullus consists of the following species and subspecies: Citrullus amarus Schrad. (wikipedia.org)
- NMR analysis reveals a wealth of metabolites in root-knot nematode resistant roots of Citrullus amarus watermelon plants. (usda.gov)
Species2
- Flora of Zimbabwe: Cultivated species information - individual images: Citrullus lanatus. (co.zw)
- The tables below show the global number of accessions conserved ex situ for species in the genera Citrullus , Cucumis and Cucurbita . (croptrust.org)
Colocynthis seeds2
- The objective of our present study was to evaluate the antioxidant and antiulcerogenic property of Citrullus colocynthis seeds. (scialert.net)
- The aim of this study was to assess the phytochemical constituents and in vitro antifungal activity of different solvent extracts from Citrullus colocynthis seeds. (ijsr.net)
Egusi4
- lanatus Citrullus mucosospermus (Fursa) Fursa - egusi melon Citrullus naudinianus (Sond. (wikipedia.org)
- En 2005, une investigation des systèmes de production et de culture de cinq régions socioculturelles prédominantes indique que la culture de Egusi est classée parmi les dix premières spéculations, selon la perception des ménages interrogés. (ac.be)
- Les agriculteurs allouent en moyenne 0,74 ha pour la production de Egusi, avec une différence significative d'une région sociolinguistique à une autre. (ac.be)
- Egusi se cultive au champ et en jardin de case, soit en association ou en monoculture. (ac.be)
Schrad3
- citron melon Citrullus colocynthis (L.) Schrad. (wikipedia.org)
- Citrullus Schrad. (cucurbit.de)
- Background: Cucurbitacin E (CuE) is an oxygenated tetracyclic triterpenoid isolated from the fruits of Citrullus colocynthis (L.) Schrad. (elsevierpure.com)
Benincaseae1
- Phylogenetically, Citrullus is placed in the tribe Benincaseae, where it groups with the African genera Peponium and Lagenaria (Schaefer et al. (cucurbit.de)
Rehmii2
- Citrullus rehmii Renner, Susanne S. (wikipedia.org)
- Citrullus rehmii De Winter, Bothalia 20: 209. (cucurbit.de)
Ecirrhosus1
- colocynth Citrullus ecirrhosus Cogn. (wikipedia.org)
Extract2
- The methanolic seed extract of Citrullus colocynthis showed maximum percentage inhibition of 79.4 and 72.4% by 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl and Hydrogen peroxide method respectively at 300 μg mL -1 , as the seed extract showed good antioxidant potential. (scialert.net)
- The results of Present study revealed that the seed extract of Citrullus colocynthis possesses significant antiulcerogenic activity due to its free radical scavenging property. (scialert.net)
Fursa1
- Fursa Citrullus lanatus var. (wikipedia.org)
Bitter Apple5
- Home › Bulk Buy 10 KG Citrullus Colocynthis Fruit Powder, Indrayan Phal, Ayurveda Herb Bitter Apple, Bitter Cucumber Wholesale, 352 oz. (yipisale.com)
- Citrullus Colocynthis Fruit Powder , also known as Indrayan Phal Powder or Bitter Apple , is a popular Ayurvedic herb known for its medicinal properties. (yipisale.com)
- Citrullus Colocynthis Fruit English name is Bitter Apple , in Hindi, it is Indrayan Phal . (yipisale.com)
- Citrullus colocynthis English name is Bitter Apple, its other common names are wild gourd, Abu Jahl's melon, and bitter cucumber. (yipisale.com)
- Bitter apple ( Citrullus colocynthis ) is a useful cucurbit plant that is extensively dispersed throughout the world's arid locations. (biomedcentral.com)
Characterization1
- Phenetic characterization of Citrullus spp. (wikipedia.org)
Resistant2
- Methods: Cytotoxicity assays (resazurin assays) were used to investigate the activity of Citrullus colocynthis and CuE towards multidrug resistant cancer cells. (elsevierpure.com)
- Resistant Citrullus lanatus var. (usda.gov)
Fruit3
- Our bulk buy 10 KG Citrullus Colocynthis Fruit Powder is made from high-quality fruits that have been carefully harvested and processed to ensure maximum potency and purity. (yipisale.com)
- Our Citrullus Colocynthis Fruit Powder is free from any artificial preservatives, flavors, or colors and is a 100% natural product. (yipisale.com)
- Citrullus Colocynthis Fruit is beneficial in gastrointestinal disorders. (yipisale.com)
Molecular1
- Molecular data, including sequences from the original collection of Momordica lanata made near Cape Town by C. P. Thunberg in 1773, show that what Thunberg collected is not what has been called Citrullus lanatus, the domesticated watermelon, since the 1930s. (wikipedia.org)
Herbal1
- Citrullus Colocynthis has many health benefits, it is an herbal remedy for pain and arthritis, and many skin diseases like acne, scar, and pimple, it also maintains blood sugar levels. (yipisale.com)
Free1
- Citrullus colocynthis (200 mg kg -1 ) showed maximum inhibition of gastric volume, free acid and total acidity 1.68±0.18, 39.86±3.86 and 61.23±1.87 at dose 200 mg kg -1 . (scialert.net)
Data1
- Citrullus taxa and corresponding number of accessions conserved globally based on data from Genesys (February 2020), WIEWS (February 2020) and USDA-GRIN (March 2020). (croptrust.org)