Colic
Renal Colic
Simethicone
Stomatognathic Diseases
Equidae
Horses
The best management for 'crescendo biliary colic' is urgent laparoscopic cholecystectomy. (1/187)
Gallbladder disease due to stones is well recognised as falling into two categories, presenting with either chronic symptoms or developing acute cholecystitis or other complications. We describe an intermediate group of 14 patients (11 women, three men, median age 31 years) presenting with 4-14 days of at least daily attacks of resolving biliary colic, who underwent early laparoscopic cholecystectomy within 24 hours of presentation. None had any evidence of acute inflammation, either at laparoscopy or on histology. Their surgery was straightforward with operating times ranging from 35-80 minutes and no complications. Patients with 'crescendo biliary colic' are often young women who can rarely afford invalidity. Rather than the current practice of analgesia for each attack and elective surgery weeks later, they are optimally managed by urgent laparoscopic cholecystectomy, preventing the development of complications and minimising the need for further medical involvement. (+info)What is distinct about infants' "colic" cries? (2/187)
AIMS: To investigate (1) whether colic cries are acoustically distinct from pre-feed "hunger" cries; (2) the role of the acoustic properties of these cries versus their other properties in accounting for parents' concerns about colic. DESIGN: From a community sample, infants were selected who met Wessel colic criteria for amounts of crying and whose mothers identified colic bouts. Using acoustic analyses, the most intense segments of nine colic bouts were compared with matched segments from pre-feed cries presumed to reflect hunger. RESULTS: The colic cries did not have a higher pitch or proportion of dysphonation than the pre-feed cries. They did contain more frequent shorter utterances, but these resembled normal cries investigated in other studies. There is no evidence that colic cries have distinct acoustic features that are reproducible across samples and studies, which identify a discrete clinical condition, and which are identified accurately by parents. CONCLUSIONS: The most reliable finding is that colic cries convey diffuse acoustic and audible information that a baby is highly aroused or distressed. Non-acoustic features, including the prolonged, hard to soothe, and unexplained nature of the cries may be specific to colic cries and more important for parents. These properties might reflect temperament-like dispositions. (+info)Jejunoileal incarceration and strangulation through a splenic defect in a mare. (3/187)
A 6-year-old, standardbred mare was presented for colic of 12 h duration. Transrectal palpation revealed intestinal distension of unknown cause. The mare was euthanized. At necropsy, segmental jejunoileal incarceration and strangulation through an opening in the spleen was observed. This opening was considered to be a congenital defect. (+info)Intestinal adenocarcinoma causing recurrent colic in the horse. (4/187)
An 8-year-old, Thoroughbred-cross mare presented with recurrent colic. Exploratory laparotomy revealed a large mass near the right dorsal colon; white, raised foci on the liver; and enlarged mesenteric lymph nodes. Cytological examination of biopsies revealed neoplastic cells. The diagnosis of adenocarcinoma was confirmed by histological examination. (+info)How do we compare with our colleagues? Quality of general practitioner performance in consultations for non-acute abdominal complaints. (5/187)
OBJECTIVE: To investigate what factors influence the quality of general practitioner performance in consultations for non-acute abdominal complaints and to establish the extent to which performance quality differs between general practitioners (GPs). DESIGN: Explorative study in two parts: (i) detection of variables influencing quality scores of consultations; and (ii) comparison of mean quality scores of the consultations, selected by each GP. SETTING: Sixty-two family practices across The Netherlands. SUBJECTS: Eight-hundred and forty consultations concerning non-acute abdominal complaints, first encounters; 62 GPs. METHOD: Multilevel analysis was carried out to detect factors that influence quality. After correction for the effect of significant factors the mean quality scores of individual GPs were calculated and compared. RESULTS: Eighty-eight per cent of the total variance in quality scores was located at the consultation/patient level, and 12% at the GP level. One consultation characteristic had significant influence on quality: quality scores were higher in consultations of longer than average duration (>15 minutes). Several patient characteristics were of significant influence. Consultation quality scores were higher in consultations for patients with upper abdominal or non-specific abdominal complaints. Quality scores were lower in consultations with female patients and with patients aged >40 years. Together these characteristics explained 20% of the variance at the GP level. None of the GP characteristics investigated in this study appeared to have significant influence on the quality of their performance. After correction of the scores for the effect of significant factors the differences in performance quality between GPs remained significant. CONCLUSIONS: Quality of performance is far more influenced by consultation and patient characteristics than by GP characteristics. After correction for influencing factors, the mean quality scores of GPs still differed considerably and significantly. For many GPs the quality scores varied substantially between different consultations; to a large extent this variation remained unexplained. Consultation quality can be improved by booking more time per patient and by giving more medical/technical attention to female and older patients. (+info)Tansy ragwort poisoning in a horse in southern Ontario. (6/187)
Bizarre behavior, apparent lameness, and colic were noticed in 1 of 3 horses on a pasture overgrown by weeds during a drought. Liver failure and hepatoencephalopathy were diagnosed, caused by pyrrolizidine alkaloid toxicosis associated with consumption of tansy ragwort. The horse made a full recovery when removed from the pasture. (+info)Tyzzer's disease in an 11-day-old foal. (7/187)
An 11-day-old pony became depressed, anorectic, and pyrexic 2 days after the topsoil of its paddock had been turned over. Rapid progression to colic and head pressing occurred, despite intensive therapy for Tyzzer's disease, and the foal died within 7 h of the appearance of central nervous system signs. (+info)Fetal growth and infantile colic. (8/187)
AIM: To describe how fetal growth and gestational age affect infantile colic, while considering other potential risk factors. STUDY DESIGN: A population based follow up study of 2035 healthy singleton infants without any disability born to Danish mothers. Information was collected by self administered questionnaires at 16 and 30 weeks of gestation, at delivery, and 8 months post partum. Infantile colic is defined according to Wessel's criteria, but symptoms are restricted to crying for more than three hours a day, for more than three days a week, and for more than three weeks. RESULTS: The cumulated incidence of infantile colic was 10.9%. Low birth weight babies (< 2500 g) had more than twice the risk (odds ratio = 2.7, 95% confidence interval 1.2 to 6.1) of infantile colic when controlled for gestational age, maternal height, and smoking. CONCLUSION: Low birth weight may be associated with infantile colic, and further research will be aimed to focus on fetal growth and infantile colic. (+info)Colic is a term used to describe excessive, frequent crying or fussiness in a healthy infant, often lasting several hours a day and occurring several days a week. Although the exact cause of colic is unknown, it may be related to digestive issues, such as gas or indigestion. The medical community defines colic by the "Rule of Three": crying for more than three hours per day, for more than three days per week, and for longer than three weeks in an infant who is well-fed and otherwise healthy. It typically begins within the first few weeks of life and improves on its own, usually by age 3-4 months. While colic can be distressing for parents and caregivers, it does not cause any long-term harm to the child.
Renal colic is a type of abdominal pain that occurs due to the presence of a kidney stone or other obstruction in the urinary tract. It is typically described as a severe, cramping pain that radiates from the lower back or flank area down to the groin or genitals. The pain may be accompanied by nausea, vomiting, sweating, and frequent urination. Renal colic is caused by the contraction of smooth muscles in the ureter as they attempt to move the stone or obstruction out of the body. This can cause significant discomfort and often requires medical treatment to alleviate the pain and remove the obstruction.
Fecal impaction is a medical condition where a large mass of dry, hard stool becomes stuck in the rectum and cannot be expelled from the body. This can occur due to chronic constipation or other factors that affect normal bowel movements. Fecal impaction can cause symptoms such as abdominal pain, bloating, nausea, vomiting, and difficulty having a bowel movement. In some cases, it may also lead to more serious complications, such as bowel obstruction or perforation. Treatment typically involves using medications to soften the stool and manual removal of the impaction by a healthcare professional.
I understand you are asking for a medical definition of "Horse Diseases." However, it's important to note that there isn't a specific medical field dedicated to horse diseases as we typically categorize medical fields by human diseases and conditions. Veterinary medicine is the field responsible for studying, diagnosing, and treating diseases in animals, including horses.
Here's a general definition of 'Horse Diseases':
Horse diseases are health issues or medical conditions that affect equine species, particularly horses. These diseases can be caused by various factors such as bacterial, viral, fungal, or parasitic infections; genetic predispositions; environmental factors; and metabolic disorders. Examples of horse diseases include Strangles (Streptococcus equi), Equine Influenza, Equine Herpesvirus, West Nile Virus, Rabies, Potomac Horse Fever, Lyme Disease, and internal or external parasites like worms and ticks. Additionally, horses can suffer from musculoskeletal disorders such as arthritis, laminitis, and various injuries. Regular veterinary care, preventative measures, and proper management are crucial for maintaining horse health and preventing diseases.
Ureteral diseases refer to a range of conditions that affect the ureters, which are the thin tubes that carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder. These diseases can cause various symptoms such as pain in the side or back, fever, and changes in urinary patterns. Here are some examples of ureteral diseases:
1. Ureteral stricture: A narrowing of the ureter that can be caused by scarring, inflammation, or tumors. This can lead to a backup of urine, which can cause kidney damage or infection.
2. Ureteral stones: Small, hard mineral deposits that form in the ureters and can cause pain, nausea, and blood in the urine.
3. Ureteral cancer: A rare type of cancer that affects the ureters and can cause symptoms such as abdominal pain, weight loss, and bloody urine.
4. Ureteral reflux: A condition in which urine flows backward from the bladder into the ureters, causing infection and kidney damage.
5. Ureteral trauma: Injury to the ureters can occur due to accidents, surgeries, or other medical procedures. This can lead to bleeding, scarring, or blockages in the ureters.
Treatment for ureteral diseases depends on the specific condition and its severity. Treatment options may include medications, surgery, or minimally invasive procedures such as stenting or balloon dilation.
Simethicone is an anti-foaming agent that is commonly used in the medical field, particularly for the treatment of gastric symptoms such as bloating and discomfort caused by excessive gas in the gastrointestinal tract. It works by reducing the surface tension of gas bubbles in the stomach and intestines, allowing them to combine and be expelled more easily from the body.
Simethicone is not absorbed into the bloodstream and has minimal systemic absorption, making it a safe and well-tolerated medication for most individuals. It can be found in various forms, including tablets, chewable tablets, capsules, and liquids, and is often combined with other medications to provide symptomatic relief of gastric discomfort.
It's important to note that simethicone should only be used as directed by a healthcare professional, and individuals should always consult their doctor or pharmacist before taking any new medication.
Stomatognathic diseases are a group of disorders that affect the stomatognathic system, which includes the teeth, periodontal tissues, temporomandibular joints, muscles of mastication, and associated structures. These diseases can manifest as various symptoms such as pain, difficulty in chewing or swallowing, limited mouth opening, and abnormal jaw movements.
Some examples of stomatognathic diseases include temporomandibular disorders (TMD), oral mucosal diseases, dental caries, periodontal disease, oral cancer, and sleep-related breathing disorders. The diagnosis and management of these conditions often require a multidisciplinary approach involving dentists, oral surgeons, orthodontists, physicians, and other healthcare professionals.
Equidae is the biological family that includes horses, donkeys, zebras, and their extinct relatives. These mammals are known for their hooves, long faces, and distinctive teeth adapted for grazing on grasses. They are also characterized by a unique form of locomotion in which they move both legs on one side of the body together, a gait known as "diagonal couple-hoofed" or "pacing."
The family Equidae belongs to the order Perissodactyla, which includes other odd-toed ungulates such as rhinos and tapirs. The fossil record of Equidae dates back to the early Eocene epoch, around 56 million years ago, with a diverse array of species that inhabited various habitats across the world.
Some notable members of the family Equidae include:
* Equus: This is the genus that includes modern horses, donkeys, and zebras. It has a wide geographic distribution and includes several extinct species such as the now-extinct American wild horse (Equus ferus) and the quagga (Equus quagga), a subspecies of the plains zebra that went extinct in the late 19th century.
* Hyracotherium: Also known as Eohippus, this is one of the earliest and smallest members of Equidae. It lived during the early Eocene epoch and had four toes on its front feet and three toes on its hind feet.
* Mesohippus: This was a slightly larger and more advanced member of Equidae that lived during the middle Eocene epoch. It had four toes on its front feet and three toes on its hind feet, but its middle toe was larger and stronger than in Hyracotherium.
* Merychippus: This was a diverse and successful member of Equidae that lived during the late Miocene epoch. It had a more modern-looking skeleton and teeth adapted for grazing on grasses.
* Pliohippus: This was a transitional form between early members of Equidae and modern horses. It lived during the Pliocene epoch and had a single toe on each foot, like modern horses. Its teeth were also more specialized for grinding grasses.
I'm sorry for any confusion, but "horses" is not a medical term. It is the common name given to the species *Equus ferus caballus*, which are large domesticated mammals used for transportation, work, and recreation. If you have any questions about horses or a related topic that you would like a medical perspective on, please let me know and I'd be happy to help!
Urolithiasis is the formation of stones (calculi) in the urinary system, which includes the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. These stones can be composed of various substances such as calcium oxalate, calcium phosphate, uric acid, or struvite. The presence of urolithiasis can cause symptoms like severe pain in the back or side, nausea, vomiting, fever, and blood in the urine. The condition can be managed with medications, increased fluid intake, and in some cases, surgical intervention may be required to remove the stones.