Cornea
Keratitis, Herpetic
Keratitis, Dendritic
Corneal Ulcer
Eye Infections, Bacterial
Epithelium, Corneal
Corneal Transplantation
Keratoconus
Corneal Stroma
Corneal Dystrophies, Hereditary
Keratoplasty, Penetrating
Medicine, African Traditional
Acanthamoeba Keratitis
Blindness
Corneal Neovascularization
Herpesvirus 1, Human
Conjunctiva
Visual Acuity
Rabbits
Mice, Inbred C57BL
Mice, Inbred BALB C
Causes of corneal graft failure in India. (1/900)
The success of corneal grafting in visual rehabilitation of the corneal blind in India depends on survival of the grafts. Understanding the causes of graft failure may help reduce the risk of failure. We studied these causes in a series of 638 graft failures at our institution. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the association of particular causes of graft failure with indications for grafting, socioeconomic status, age, sex, host corneal vascularization, donor corneal quality, and experience of surgeon. The major causes of graft failure were allograft rejection (29.2%), increased intraocular pressure (16.9%), infection excluding endophthalmitis (15.4%), and surface problems (12.7%). The odds of infection causing graft failure were significantly higher in patients of lower socioeconomic status (odds ratio 2.45, 95% CI 1.45-4.15). Surface problems as a cause of graft failure was significantly associated with grafts done for corneal scarring or for regrafts (odds ratio 3.36, 95% CI 1.80-6.30). Increased intraocular pressure as a cause of graft failure had significant association with grafts done for aphakic or pseudophakic bullous keratopathy, congenital conditions or glaucoma, or regrafts (odds ratio 2.19, 95% CI 1.25-3.84). Corneal dystrophy was the indication for grafting in 12 of the 13 cases of graft failure due to recurrence of host disease. Surface problems, increased intraocular pressure, and infection are modifiable risk factors that are more likely to cause graft failure in certain categories of patients in India. Knowledge about these associations can be helpful in looking for and aggressively treating these modifiable risk factors in the at-risk categories of corneal graft patients. This can possibly reduce the chance of graft failure. (+info)Excimer laser ophthalmic surgery: evaluation of a new technology. (2/900)
The aim of this article is to provide information and an overview of the potential risks and benefits of excimer laser surgery, a new and promising technique in ophthalmic surgery. Although this review concentrates on the use of the laser for refractive purposes, novel therapeutic techniques are also discussed. It is hoped that this will enable general practitioners, optometrists and physicians to provide appropriate advice and counselling for patients. (+info)TNF-alpha production in the cornea in response to Pseudomonas aeruginosa challenge. (3/900)
Pseudomonas aeruginosa can cause ulcerative bacterial keratitis or contact lens-induced acute red eye (CLARE) in humans. The present study used a mouse model of ocular infection and inflammation to examine the relationship between TNF-alpha and inflammation in the cornea in response to challenge with either a strain of P. aeruginosa causing keratitis or a CLARE strain. Constitutive TNF-alpha mRNA was detected in the epithelium, mainly towards the periphery. After infection with the keratitis-inducing strain (6294), TNF-alpha expression was elevated four-fold by 24 h post-challenge. No detectable induction of TNF-alpha mRNA was seen with CLARE strain (Paer1) challenge at any time point. The TNF-alpha protein production detected by ELISA showed a corresponding pattern to the mRNA expression, which also correlated with pathological changes. These results suggest that invasive strains of P. aeruginosa create greater pathological changes as a result of elevated TNF-alpha production, which contributes to inflammation during keratitis in vivo. (+info)Matrix metalloproteinases in epithelia from human recurrent corneal erosion. (4/900)
PURPOSE: To assay for the presence of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in human corneal epithelium affected by recurrent erosion compared with that in normal corneal epithelium. METHODS: Corneal epithelial debridement samples were obtained from 13 patients with recurrent epithelial erosion. For control specimens, epithelia were obtained from healthy patients undergoing photorefractive keratectomy. Zymography was performed on all samples to identify MMPs. Immunolocalization of MMP-2, laminin, and collagen type VII was determined in two samples with human recurrent epithelial erosion and compared with that in control epithelium. RESULTS: Twelve of 13 erosion samples showed MMP-2 enzymatic activity; one of the 12 also showed MMP-9 activity. Only one erosion sample showed no MMP enzymatic activity. All normal control specimens were negative for MMP. Immunohistochemical analysis of two recurrent erosion samples showed MMP-2 presence in basal cells, whereas, in normal epithelium it was not detected. One sample with epithelial erosion showed laminin localization in basal epithelial cells and basal lamina. Type VII collagen localized in basal epithelial cells only in this sample. A second erosion sample showed localization of laminin and type VII collagen in basal epithelial cells only. Normal corneal epithelium showed presence of laminin and type VII collagen in basal epithelium and basal lamina. CONCLUSIONS: Matrix metalloproteinase-2 expression is upregulated in human epithelia affected by recurrent erosion compared with that in normal control samples. Immunolocalization studies suggest that this enzyme is concentrated in basal epithelial cells where it may play an important role in degradation of the epithelial anchoring system and the recurrent epithelial slippage and erosion observed in these patients. (+info)Ocular ochronosis in alkaptonuria patients carrying mutations in the homogentisate 1,2-dioxygenase gene. (5/900)
AIMS: To assess the involvement of the recently identified human homogentisate 1,2-dioxygenase gene (HGO) in alkaptonuria (AKU) in two unrelated patients with ochronosis of the conjunctiva, sclera, and cornea. METHODS: A mutation screen of the entire coding region of the HGO gene was performed using single stranded conformational analysis after polymerase chain reaction with oligonucleotide primers flanking all 14 exons of the HGO gene. Fragments showing aberrant mobility were directly sequenced. RESULTS: Two homozygous missense mutations, L25P and M368V, were identified, each of which leads to the replacement of a highly conserved amino acid in the HGO protein. CONCLUSIONS: The authors describe a novel mutation, L25P, in the German population and bring to 18 the total number of known HGO mutations. (+info)Confocal microscopy in the iridocorneal endothelial syndrome. (6/900)
AIMS: To report the appearances of iridocorneal endothelial (ICE) syndrome from real time, white light confocal microscopy. METHODS: Three consecutive patients, each with ICE syndrome, were examined prospectively. Corneal specular and confocal microscopic examinations were performed in all three patients. In the first patient, a penetrating keratoplasty was performed and the cornea was examined by light and scanning electron microscopy. No surgery was performed in the remaining two patients. RESULTS: In the first patient corneal oedema prevented endothelial specular microscopy. Confocal microscopy performed before penetrating keratoplasty successfully revealed abnormal epithelial-like endothelial cells. Histological examinations of the cornea following penetrating keratoplasty revealed the presence of multilayered endothelial cells with epithelial features (microvilli). In the remaining two patients, specular microscopy showed the presence of ICE cells with typical dark/light reversal. Confocal microscopy demonstrated groups of endothelial cells with epitheloid appearances. In all three patients, the contralateral endothelial appearance was normal by specular and confocal microscopy, except for moderate endothelial polymegathism in one patient. Epithelial-like endothelial cells were characterised by prominent nuclei on confocal microscopy. CONCLUSIONS: The application of confocal microscopy indicates that the ICE syndrome is characterised by epitheloid changes in the endothelium. Confocal microscopy may be used to diagnose the ICE syndrome by demonstrating epithelial-like endothelial cells with hyperreflective nuclei. This technique is especially of value in cases of corneal oedema, since specular microscopy may fail to image the endothelium in such cases. (+info)Treatment of severe ocular-surface disorders with corneal epithelial stem-cell transplantation. (7/900)
BACKGROUND: Conditions that destroy the limbal area of the peripheral cornea, such as the Stevens-Johnson syndrome, ocular pemphigoid, and chemical and thermal injuries, can deplete stem cells of the corneal epithelium. The result is scarring and opacification of the normally clear cornea. Standard corneal transplantation cannot treat this form of functional blindness. METHODS: We performed and evaluated 70 transplantations of corneal epithelial stem cells from cadaveric eyes into 43 eyes of 39 patients with severe ocular-surface disorders and limbal dysfunction. Medical treatment had failed in all patients. The patients had a mean preoperative visual acuity of 0.004 (only being able to count the number of fingers presented by the examiner) in the affected eyes, which satisfies the criteria for legal blindness in most countries. In 28 eyes, we also performed standard corneal transplantation. Stem-cell transplantations were performed as many as four times on 1 eye if the initial results were not satisfactory; 19 eyes had multiple transplantations. Patients were followed for at least one year after transplantation. RESULTS: A mean of 1163 days after stem-cell transplantation, 22 of the 43 eyes (51 percent) had corneal epithelialization; of the 22 eyes, 7 eyes had corneal stromal edema and 15 eyes had clear corneas. Mean visual acuity improved from 0.004 to 0.02 (vision sufficient to distinguish the largest symbol on the visual-acuity chart from a distance of 1 m) (P<0.001). The 15 eyes in which the cornea remained clear had a final mean visual acuity of 0.11 (the ability to distinguish the largest symbol from a distance of 5 m). Complications of the first transplantation included persistent defects in the corneal epithelium in 26 eyes, ocular hypertension in 16 eyes, and rejection of the corneal graft in 13 of 28 eyes. The epithelial defects eventually healed in all but two of the eyes. CONCLUSIONS: Transplantation of corneal epithelial stem cells can restore useful vision in some patients with severe ocular-surface disorders. (+info)The p53 tumor suppressor gene of the marsupial Monodelphis domestica: cloning of exons 4-11 and mutations in exons 5-8 in ultraviolet radiation-induced corneal sarcomas. (8/900)
Inactivating p53 mutations are found in many ultraviolet radiation (UVR)-induced skin tumors. We examined 12 UVR-induced corneal tumors of the marsupial Monodelphis domestica for mutations in exons 5-8 of p53 and compared their mutational spectrum with that of UVR-induced skin tumors of other species. First we cloned and characterized a cDNA extending from the middle of exon 4 through exon 11 of the Monodelphis p53 gene. Based on the sequence information obtained, primers were designed to amplify introns 4-9 of the gene; intron primers to amplify individually exons 5-8 were subsequently developed. 'Cold' single strand conformational polymorphism analysis followed by reamplification of DNA with altered mobility and cycle sequencing revealed single p53 mutations in four of 12 tumors (33%), including one mutation in exon 5, two identical mutations in exon 7 and one mutation in exon 8. All mutations were at dipyrimidine sites and occurred on the non-transcribed strand. Three of the four were hallmark UVR-induced C-->T alterations. Three of the mutations were found at sites corresponding to human codons 248 and 273, which are mutational hotspots in human and murine UVR-induced squamous cell carcinomas. Our findings suggest that UVR-induced corneal sarcomas in Monodelphis will be valuable in studying mechanisms of p53 mutation in UVR-induced tumors. (+info)Corneal diseases are a group of disorders that affect the cornea, which is the clear, dome-shaped surface at the front of the eye. The cornea plays an important role in focusing vision, and any damage or disease can cause significant visual impairment or loss. Some common types of corneal diseases include:
1. Keratoconus: A progressive disorder in which the cornea thins and bulges outward into a cone shape, causing distorted vision.
2. Fuchs' dystrophy: A genetic disorder that affects the inner layer of the cornea called the endothelium, leading to swelling, cloudiness, and decreased vision.
3. Dry eye syndrome: A condition in which the eyes do not produce enough tears or the tears evaporate too quickly, causing discomfort, redness, and blurred vision.
4. Corneal ulcers: Open sores on the cornea that can be caused by infection, trauma, or other factors.
5. Herpes simplex keratitis: A viral infection of the cornea that can cause recurrent episodes of inflammation, scarring, and vision loss.
6. Corneal dystrophies: Inherited disorders that affect the structure and clarity of the cornea, leading to visual impairment or blindness.
7. Bullous keratopathy: A condition in which the endothelium fails to pump fluid out of the cornea, causing it to swell and form blisters.
8. Corneal trauma: Injury to the cornea caused by foreign objects, chemicals, or other factors that can lead to scarring, infection, and vision loss.
Treatment for corneal diseases varies depending on the specific condition and severity of the disease. Options may include eyedrops, medications, laser surgery, corneal transplantation, or other treatments.
A nostrum is a term used in medicine to refer to a medicinal remedy that is prepared by an unqualified person and often has little or no therapeutic value. Nostrums are typically promoted as having miraculous or secret healing properties, but they are not supported by scientific evidence or medical research. They may contain inactive ingredients, harmful substances, or even prescription drugs in incorrect doses.
Nostrums are often sold directly to consumers through various channels such as infomercials, websites, and mail-order catalogs. The promotion of nostrums often relies on emotional appeals, testimonials, and unsubstantiated claims rather than scientific evidence or medical research. It is important for consumers to be cautious when considering the use of nostrums and to consult with a qualified healthcare professional before using any new medication or supplement.
The cornea is the clear, dome-shaped surface at the front of the eye. It plays a crucial role in focusing vision. The cornea protects the eye from harmful particles and microorganisms, and it also serves as a barrier against UV light. Its transparency allows light to pass through and get focused onto the retina. The cornea does not contain blood vessels, so it relies on tears and the fluid inside the eye (aqueous humor) for nutrition and oxygen. Any damage or disease that affects its clarity and shape can significantly impact vision and potentially lead to blindness if left untreated.
Keratitis is a medical condition that refers to inflammation of the cornea, which is the clear, dome-shaped surface at the front of the eye. The cornea plays an essential role in focusing vision, and any damage or infection can cause significant visual impairment. Keratitis can result from various causes, including bacterial, viral, fungal, or parasitic infections, as well as trauma, allergies, or underlying medical conditions such as dry eye syndrome. Symptoms of keratitis may include redness, pain, tearing, sensitivity to light, blurred vision, and a feeling of something foreign in the eye. Treatment for keratitis depends on the underlying cause but typically includes antibiotics, antivirals, or anti-fungal medications, as well as measures to alleviate symptoms and promote healing.
Herpetic keratitis is a specific type of keratitis (inflammation of the cornea) that is caused by herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection. It is further divided into two types: dendritic and disciform keratitis. Dendritic keratitis is characterized by the development of branching ulcers on the surface of the cornea, while disciform keratitis involves inflammation and opacity in the stroma (middle layer) of the cornea. Both types of herpetic keratitis can cause symptoms such as eye pain, redness, sensitivity to light, tearing, and blurred vision. If left untreated, herpetic keratitis can lead to serious complications, including blindness.
Dendritic keratitis is a specific form of keratitis, which is inflammation of the cornea. The term "dendritic" refers to the characteristic appearance of the lesion on the cornea, which resembles a branching tree or a dendrite.
Dendritic keratitis is most commonly caused by herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) infection, although other infectious and non-infectious etiologies can also produce similar lesions. The condition is characterized by the presence of a branching, dendrite-like ulcer on the corneal epithelium, often accompanied by symptoms such as eye pain, redness, photophobia (sensitivity to light), and tearing.
Treatment for dendritic keratitis typically involves antiviral medications to manage the underlying HSV-1 infection, as well as measures to promote corneal healing and reduce discomfort. It is essential to seek prompt medical attention if you suspect dendritic keratitis, as untreated or improperly managed cases can lead to serious complications, including corneal scarring, vision loss, and potential blindness.
A corneal ulcer is a medical condition that affects the eye, specifically the cornea. It is characterized by an open sore or lesion on the surface of the cornea, which can be caused by various factors such as bacterial or fungal infections, viruses, or injury to the eye.
The cornea is a transparent tissue that covers the front part of the eye and protects it from harmful particles, bacteria, and other foreign substances. When the cornea becomes damaged or infected, it can lead to the development of an ulcer. Symptoms of a corneal ulcer may include pain, redness, tearing, sensitivity to light, blurred vision, and a white spot on the surface of the eye.
Corneal ulcers require prompt medical attention to prevent further damage to the eye and potential loss of vision. Treatment typically involves antibiotics or antifungal medications to eliminate the infection, as well as pain management and measures to protect the eye while it heals. In severe cases, surgery may be necessary to repair the damage to the cornea.
Bacterial eye infections, also known as bacterial conjunctivitis or bacterial keratitis, are caused by the invasion of bacteria into the eye. The most common types of bacteria that cause these infections include Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Haemophilus influenzae.
Bacterial conjunctivitis is an inflammation of the conjunctiva, the thin membrane that covers the white part of the eye and the inner surface of the eyelids. Symptoms include redness, swelling, pain, discharge, and a gritty feeling in the eye. Bacterial keratitis is an infection of the cornea, the clear front part of the eye. Symptoms include severe pain, sensitivity to light, tearing, and decreased vision.
Bacterial eye infections are typically treated with antibiotic eye drops or ointments. It is important to seek medical attention promptly if you suspect a bacterial eye infection, as untreated infections can lead to serious complications such as corneal ulcers and vision loss. Preventive measures include good hygiene practices, such as washing your hands frequently and avoiding touching or rubbing your eyes.
The corneal epithelium is the outermost layer of the cornea, which is the clear, dome-shaped surface at the front of the eye. It is a stratified squamous epithelium, consisting of several layers of flat, scale-like cells that are tightly packed together. The corneal epithelium serves as a barrier to protect the eye from microorganisms, dust, and other foreign particles. It also provides a smooth surface for the refraction of light, contributes to the maintenance of corneal transparency, and plays a role in the eye's sensitivity to touch and pain. The corneal epithelium is constantly being renewed through the process of cell division and shedding, with new cells produced by stem cells located at the limbus, the border between the cornea and the conjunctiva.
Corneal transplantation, also known as keratoplasty, is a surgical procedure in which all or part of a damaged or diseased cornea is replaced with healthy corneal tissue from a deceased donor. The cornea is the clear, dome-shaped surface at the front of the eye that plays an important role in focusing vision. When it becomes cloudy or misshapen due to injury, infection, or inherited conditions, vision can become significantly impaired.
During the procedure, the surgeon carefully removes a circular section of the damaged cornea and replaces it with a similarly sized piece of donor tissue. The new cornea is then stitched into place using very fine sutures that are typically removed several months after surgery.
Corneal transplantation has a high success rate, with more than 90% of procedures resulting in improved vision. However, as with any surgical procedure, there are risks involved, including infection, rejection of the donor tissue, and bleeding. Regular follow-up care is essential to monitor for any signs of complications and ensure proper healing.
Keratoconus is a degenerative non-inflammatory disorder of the eye, primarily affecting the cornea. It is characterized by a progressive thinning and steepening of the central or paracentral cornea, causing it to assume a conical shape. This results in irregular astigmatism, myopia, and scattering of light leading to blurred vision, visual distortions, and sensitivity to glare. The exact cause of keratoconus is unknown, but it may be associated with genetics, eye rubbing, and certain medical conditions. It typically starts in the teenage years and progresses into the third or fourth decade of life. Treatment options include glasses, contact lenses, cross-linking, and corneal transplantation in advanced cases.
The corneal stroma, also known as the substantia propria, is the thickest layer of the cornea, which is the clear, dome-shaped surface at the front of the eye. The cornea plays a crucial role in focusing vision.
The corneal stroma makes up about 90% of the cornea's thickness and is composed of parallel bundles of collagen fibers that are arranged in regular, repeating patterns. These fibers give the cornea its strength and transparency. The corneal stroma also contains a small number of cells called keratocytes, which produce and maintain the collagen fibers.
Disorders that affect the corneal stroma can cause vision loss or other eye problems. For example, conditions such as keratoconus, in which the cornea becomes thin and bulges outward, can distort vision and make it difficult to see clearly. Other conditions, such as corneal scarring or infection, can also affect the corneal stroma and lead to vision loss or other eye problems.
Corneal dystrophies, hereditary are a group of genetic disorders that affect the cornea, which is the clear, outermost layer at the front of the eye. These conditions are characterized by the buildup of abnormal material in the cornea, leading to decreased vision, pain, or cloudiness in the eye.
There are many different types of corneal dystrophies, each affecting a specific layer of the cornea and having its own pattern of inheritance. Some common types include:
1. Fuchs' endothelial dystrophy: This affects the inner lining of the cornea (endothelium) and causes swelling and cloudiness in the cornea. It is typically inherited in an autosomal dominant manner, meaning that a child has a 50% chance of inheriting the condition if one parent has it.
2. Granular dystrophy: This affects the stroma, which is the middle layer of the cornea. It causes the formation of opaque, grayish-white deposits in the cornea that can affect vision. It is typically inherited in an autosomal dominant or recessive manner.
3. Lattice dystrophy: This also affects the stroma and is characterized by the formation of a lattice-like pattern of fine, whitish lines in the cornea. It is typically inherited in an autosomal dominant manner.
4. Macular dystrophy: This affects the central part of the cornea (macula) and can cause cloudiness, leading to decreased vision. It is typically inherited in an autosomal recessive manner.
Treatment for corneal dystrophies may include eyedrops, medications, or surgery, depending on the severity of the condition and its impact on vision. In some cases, a corneal transplant may be necessary to restore vision.
Penetrating keratoplasty (PK) is a type of corneal transplant surgery where the entire thickness of the host's damaged or diseased cornea is removed and replaced with a similar full-thickness portion of a healthy donor's cornea. The procedure aims to restore visual function, alleviate pain, and improve the structural integrity of the eye. It is typically performed for conditions such as severe keratoconus, corneal scarring, or corneal ulcers that cannot be treated with other, less invasive methods. Following the surgery, patients may require extended recovery time and rigorous postoperative care to minimize the risk of complications and ensure optimal visual outcomes.
In medical terms, "tears" are a clear, salty liquid that is produced by the tear glands (lacrimal glands) in our eyes. They serve to keep the eyes moist, protect against dust and other foreign particles, and help to provide clear vision by maintaining a smooth surface on the front of the eye. Tears consist of water, oil, and mucus, which help to prevent evaporation and ensure that the tears spread evenly across the surface of the eye. Emotional or reflexive responses, such as crying or yawning, can also stimulate the production of tears.
African traditional medicine (ATM) refers to the practices and beliefs regarding both physical and spiritual health and well-being that are indigenous to Africa. It includes various forms of healing, such as herbalism, spiritualism, and ancestral veneration, which may be practiced by traditional healers, including herbalists, diviners, and traditional birth attendants. These practices are often closely intertwined with the cultural, religious, and social beliefs of the community. It's important to note that the specific practices and beliefs can vary widely among different African cultures and communities.
Acanthamoeba keratitis is a rare but serious infection of the cornea, which is the clear outer layer at the front of the eye. It's caused by a microscopic organism called Acanthamoeba, which is commonly found in water and soil.
The infection typically occurs in people who wear contact lenses, particularly those who do not clean and disinfect their lenses properly or who swim or shower while wearing their contacts. It can cause pain, redness, blurry vision, sensitivity to light, and a feeling like there's something in your eye.
If left untreated, Acanthamoeba keratitis can lead to serious complications, including corneal scarring, loss of vision, or even blindness. Treatment typically involves the use of specialized antimicrobial drops and sometimes requires a corneal transplant in severe cases. Prevention measures include proper contact lens hygiene, avoiding swimming or showering while wearing contacts, and regularly replacing contact lens storage cases.
Blindness is a condition of complete or near-complete vision loss. It can be caused by various factors such as eye diseases, injuries, or birth defects. Total blindness means that a person cannot see anything at all, while near-complete blindness refers to having only light perception or the ability to perceive the direction of light, but not able to discern shapes or forms. Legal blindness is a term used to define a certain level of visual impairment that qualifies an individual for government assistance and benefits; it usually means best corrected visual acuity of 20/200 or worse in the better eye, or a visual field no greater than 20 degrees in diameter.
Corneal neovascularization is a medical condition that refers to the growth of new, abnormal blood vessels in the cornea, which is the clear, dome-shaped surface at the front of the eye. The cornea typically receives its nutrients from tears and oxygen in the air, so it does not have its own blood vessels. However, when the cornea is damaged or inflamed, it may trigger the growth of new blood vessels from the surrounding tissue into the cornea to promote healing.
Corneal neovascularization can occur due to various eye conditions such as infection, injury, inflammation, degenerative diseases, or contact lens wear. Excessive growth of blood vessels in the cornea can interfere with vision, cause scarring, and increase the risk of corneal transplant rejection. Treatment for corneal neovascularization depends on the underlying cause and may include topical medications, surgery, or other therapies to reduce inflammation, prevent further growth of blood vessels, and preserve vision.
Contact lenses are thin, curved plastic or silicone hydrogel devices that are placed on the eye to correct vision, replace a missing or damaged cornea, or for cosmetic purposes. They rest on the surface of the eye, called the cornea, and conform to its shape. Contact lenses are designed to float on a thin layer of tears and move with each blink.
There are two main types of contact lenses: soft and rigid gas permeable (RGP). Soft contact lenses are made of flexible hydrophilic (water-absorbing) materials that allow oxygen to pass through the lens to the cornea. RGP lenses are made of harder, more oxygen-permeable materials.
Contact lenses can be used to correct various vision problems, including nearsightedness, farsightedness, astigmatism, and presbyopia. They come in different shapes, sizes, and powers to suit individual needs and preferences. Proper care, handling, and regular check-ups with an eye care professional are essential for maintaining good eye health and preventing complications associated with contact lens wear.
The endothelium of the cornea is the thin, innermost layer of cells that lines the inner surface of the cornea, which is the clear, dome-shaped structure at the front of the eye. This single layer of specialized cells is essential for maintaining the transparency and proper hydration of the cornea, allowing light to pass through it and focus on the retina.
The endothelial cells are hexagonal in shape and have tight junctions between them, creating a semi-permeable barrier that controls the movement of water and solutes between the corneal stroma (the middle layer of the cornea) and the anterior chamber (the space between the cornea and the iris). The endothelial cells actively pump excess fluid out of the cornea, maintaining a delicate balance of hydration that is critical for corneal clarity.
Damage to or dysfunction of the corneal endothelium can result in corneal edema (swelling), cloudiness, and loss of vision. Factors contributing to endothelial damage include aging, eye trauma, intraocular surgery, and certain diseases such as Fuchs' dystrophy and glaucoma.
Medical Definition of "Herpesvirus 1, Human" (also known as Human Herpesvirus 1 or HHV-1):
Herpesvirus 1, Human is a type of herpesvirus that primarily causes infection in humans. It is also commonly referred to as human herpesvirus 1 (HHV-1) or oral herpes. This virus is highly contagious and can be transmitted through direct contact with infected saliva, skin, or mucous membranes.
After initial infection, the virus typically remains dormant in the body's nerve cells and may reactivate later, causing recurrent symptoms. The most common manifestation of HHV-1 infection is oral herpes, characterized by cold sores or fever blisters around the mouth and lips. In some cases, HHV-1 can also cause other conditions such as encephalitis (inflammation of the brain) and keratitis (inflammation of the eye's cornea).
There is no cure for HHV-1 infection, but antiviral medications can help manage symptoms and reduce the severity and frequency of recurrent outbreaks.
Pseudomonas infections are infections caused by the bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa or other species of the Pseudomonas genus. These bacteria are gram-negative, opportunistic pathogens that can cause various types of infections, including respiratory, urinary tract, gastrointestinal, dermatological, and bloodstream infections.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a common cause of healthcare-associated infections, particularly in patients with weakened immune systems, chronic lung diseases, or those who are hospitalized for extended periods. The bacteria can also infect wounds, burns, and medical devices such as catheters and ventilators.
Pseudomonas infections can be difficult to treat due to the bacteria's resistance to many antibiotics. Treatment typically involves the use of multiple antibiotics that are effective against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In severe cases, intravenous antibiotics or even hospitalization may be necessary.
Prevention measures include good hand hygiene, contact precautions for patients with known Pseudomonas infections, and proper cleaning and maintenance of medical equipment.
The conjunctiva is the mucous membrane that lines the inner surface of the eyelids and covers the front part of the eye, also known as the sclera. It helps to keep the eye moist and protected from irritants. The conjunctiva can become inflamed or infected, leading to conditions such as conjunctivitis (pink eye).
Visual acuity is a measure of the sharpness or clarity of vision. It is usually tested by reading an eye chart from a specific distance, such as 20 feet (6 meters). The standard eye chart used for this purpose is called the Snellen chart, which contains rows of letters that decrease in size as you read down the chart.
Visual acuity is typically expressed as a fraction, with the numerator representing the testing distance and the denominator indicating the smallest line of type that can be read clearly. For example, if a person can read the line on the eye chart that corresponds to a visual acuity of 20/20, it means they have normal vision at 20 feet. If their visual acuity is 20/40, it means they must be as close as 20 feet to see what someone with normal vision can see at 40 feet.
It's important to note that visual acuity is just one aspect of overall vision and does not necessarily reflect other important factors such as peripheral vision, depth perception, color vision, or contrast sensitivity.
I believe there may be some confusion in your question. "Rabbits" is a common name used to refer to the Lagomorpha species, particularly members of the family Leporidae. They are small mammals known for their long ears, strong legs, and quick reproduction.
However, if you're referring to "rabbits" in a medical context, there is a term called "rabbit syndrome," which is a rare movement disorder characterized by repetitive, involuntary movements of the fingers, resembling those of a rabbit chewing. It is also known as "finger-chewing chorea." This condition is usually associated with certain medications, particularly antipsychotics, and typically resolves when the medication is stopped or adjusted.
C57BL/6 (C57 Black 6) is an inbred strain of laboratory mouse that is widely used in biomedical research. The term "inbred" refers to a strain of animals where matings have been carried out between siblings or other closely related individuals for many generations, resulting in a population that is highly homozygous at most genetic loci.
The C57BL/6 strain was established in 1920 by crossing a female mouse from the dilute brown (DBA) strain with a male mouse from the black strain. The resulting offspring were then interbred for many generations to create the inbred C57BL/6 strain.
C57BL/6 mice are known for their robust health, longevity, and ease of handling, making them a popular choice for researchers. They have been used in a wide range of biomedical research areas, including studies of cancer, immunology, neuroscience, cardiovascular disease, and metabolism.
One of the most notable features of the C57BL/6 strain is its sensitivity to certain genetic modifications, such as the introduction of mutations that lead to obesity or impaired glucose tolerance. This has made it a valuable tool for studying the genetic basis of complex diseases and traits.
Overall, the C57BL/6 inbred mouse strain is an important model organism in biomedical research, providing a valuable resource for understanding the genetic and molecular mechanisms underlying human health and disease.
BALB/c is an inbred strain of laboratory mouse that is widely used in biomedical research. The strain was developed at the Institute of Cancer Research in London by Henry Baldwin and his colleagues in the 1920s, and it has since become one of the most commonly used inbred strains in the world.
BALB/c mice are characterized by their black coat color, which is determined by a recessive allele at the tyrosinase locus. They are also known for their docile and friendly temperament, making them easy to handle and work with in the laboratory.
One of the key features of BALB/c mice that makes them useful for research is their susceptibility to certain types of tumors and immune responses. For example, they are highly susceptible to developing mammary tumors, which can be induced by chemical carcinogens or viral infection. They also have a strong Th2-biased immune response, which makes them useful models for studying allergic diseases and asthma.
BALB/c mice are also commonly used in studies of genetics, neuroscience, behavior, and infectious diseases. Because they are an inbred strain, they have a uniform genetic background, which makes it easier to control for genetic factors in experiments. Additionally, because they have been bred in the laboratory for many generations, they are highly standardized and reproducible, making them ideal subjects for scientific research.
Corneal dystrophies in dogs
Corneal neovascularization
Corneal cross-linking
Corneal dystrophy
Florida keratopathy
Corneal ulcers in animals
Corneal-cerebellar syndrome
Lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase
Santosh G. Honavar
Corneal button
Corneal transplantation
Chronic superficial keratitis
Pterygium (eye)
Spastic ataxia-corneal dystrophy syndrome
Malondialdehyde
Nitrotyrosine
A. Edward Maumenee
Network of Excellence for Functional Biomaterials
Hunter syndrome
Iridocorneal endothelial syndrome
Corneal dystrophy-perceptive deafness syndrome
Corneal opacity
Lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase deficiency
Labrador Retriever
Nucleotide sugar
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Keratoconus36
- If your corneas are irregularly shaped due to keratoconus, or if you have severe ocular surface disease, we can custom fit you for vision-correcting hard contact lenses , known as scleral contact lenses. (dukehealth.org)
- This in-office procedure for keratoconus -- a thinning and bulging of the cornea -- uses vitamin B2 (riboflavin) and ultraviolet light to strengthen structural proteins in your cornea and stop disease progression. (dukehealth.org)
- Small, circular, corneal rings -- called Intacs -- are implanted in the eye to correct irregular-shaped corneas and improve vision impaired by keratoconus. (dukehealth.org)
- Mol and Van Dooren reported positive outcomes with toric IOLs in eyes with keratoconus and with other corneal conditions usually associated with irregular corneal astigmatism. (crstoday.com)
- Abnormalities in corneal shape like keratoconus result from inherent structural abnormally and also affect vision. (apollohospitals.com)
- detectable amounts of the enzymes also occurred in the tears of patients with keratoconus with associated atopic disease, patients undergoing treatment for herpetic eye disease, and patients with systemic and non-systemic dry eye disease. (bmj.com)
- One of the goals of the five-year, $1.9 million National Institute of Health/National Eye Institute study is to find biomechanical biomarkers for different disease processes in keratoconus, diabetic retinopathy, glaucoma, and ocular hypertension. (osu.edu)
- With keratoconus, as the cornea protrudes or steepens, vision becomes increasingly blurred and contact lens wear, which is often an early treatment for the disease, becomes difficult. (mcceyeinstitute.com)
- Washington Eye Institute specializes in the treatment of corneal pathology such as Fuchs' dystrophy, corneal transplants, and keratoconus. (washingtoneyeinstitute.com)
- Below is a list of common corneal diseases, including pterygium, corneal edema, keratoconus and how treatment for them can look. (yeseyespecialists.com)
- Izquierdo L, Henriquez MA, Dañin D. Corneal Elevation Values in Normal Eyes, forme fruste Keratoconus and Keratoconus at Different Stages Measured by Scheimpflug Imaging. (ijkecd.com)
- To compare corneal elevation values in normal eyes, forme fruste keratoconus (FFKC) and different stages of keratoconus using Scheimpflug imaging. (ijkecd.com)
- Posterior elevation values increased according to the severity of keratoconus disease. (ijkecd.com)
- 2000. Intrastromal inserts in keratoconus and ectatic corneal conditions 2000;95-163. (ijkecd.com)
- Corneal higher order aberrations: a method to grade keratoconus. (ijkecd.com)
- Keratoconus and corneal ectasia after LASIK. (ijkecd.com)
- Reproducibility and repeatability of central corneal thickness measurement in keratoconus using the rotating Scheimpflug camera and ultrasound pachymetry. (ijkecd.com)
- Sensitivity and specificity of posterior corneal elevation measured by Pentacam in discriminating keratoconus/ subclinical keratoconus. (ijkecd.com)
- Corneal volume, pachymetry and correlation of anterior and posterior corneal shape in subclinical and different stages of clinical keratoconus. (ijkecd.com)
- Estimation of the incidence and factors pre-dictive of corneal scarring in the Collaborative Longitudinal Evaluation of Keratoconus (CLEK) Study. (ijkecd.com)
- Longitudinal changes in corneal curvature in keratoconus. (ijkecd.com)
- Correlation of Corneal Elevation With Severity of Keratoconus by Means of Anterior and Posterior Topographic Analysis. (ijkecd.com)
- Scleral lenses also allow the cornea to recover from a corneal transplant, and are the preferred treatment for keratoconus, severe dry eye, and other conditions. (harreleyecare.com)
- At Harrel Scleral Lens and Keratoconus Center , Dr. Monte Harrel diagnose corneal conditions and prescribe scleral lenses and other treatments for patients in Tulsa, Broken Arrow, Oklahoma City, Fort Smith, AK, and throughout Oklahoma. (harreleyecare.com)
- Keratoconus is a type of corneal disease that causes ectasia of the cornea. (eyeconsultantsnd.com)
- Most patients with keratoconus are diagnosed in their teens or twenties, although milder forms of the disease can be recognized much later. (eyeconsultantsnd.com)
- Keratoconus can be a stable or progressive disease, meaning it can either stay the same over time or can progressively get worse with time. (eyeconsultantsnd.com)
- The treatment for Keratoconus varies, depending on the severity of the disease. (eyeconsultantsnd.com)
- In more severe forms of Keratoconus, a corneal transplant is necessary to improve and restore vision. (eyeconsultantsnd.com)
- Like all corneal dystrophies, keratoconus and Fuch's dystrophy affect the cornea without causing inflammation . (symptoma.com)
- Corneal Cross-Linking (CXL) is the suggested treatment for those with keratoconus. (woolfsoneye.com)
- The Global Consensus on Keratoconus and Ectatic Diseases study addressed several key aspects of ECDs. (contactlensupdate.com)
- The Global Consensus on Keratoconus and Ectatic Diseases paper disputed the existence of true unilateral KC and stresses the importance of evaluating both eyes thoroughly. (contactlensupdate.com)
- CHICAGO - For people with keratoconus , the minimally invasive transplantation of just the second layer of the cornea - the Bowman layer - can help delay or prevent full corneal transplantation or other high-risk procedures, new results from a long-term study show. (medscape.com)
- Keratoconus is a degenerative disease that causes the cornea to become thin and cone-shaped. (medscape.com)
- At 5-year follow-up, Bowman layer transplantation improved vision to 20/200 and stabilized disease in 90% of 22 eyes with advanced keratoconus. (medscape.com)
Dystrophy20
- To provide an example, extreme ocular herpes can actually lead to blisters around the cornea, while corneal dystrophy can lead to extreme eye pain. (ophthalmologycenters.com)
- Anong the missing genes are those for the 4 small leucine-rich proteoglycans associated with this form of corneal dystrophy. (arizona.edu)
- Odent S, Casteels I, Cassiman C, Dieltiens M, Hua MT, Devriendt K. Posterior amorphous corneal dystrophy caused by a de novo deletion . (arizona.edu)
- however, in Fuchs dystrophy, this loss of cells is accelerated so that by age 50 or 60 (earlier or later in some patients), affected patients may start to experience symptoms from corneal swelling. (yeseyespecialists.com)
- Connect with other caregivers and patients with Corneal dystrophy crystalline of Schnyder and get the support you need. (rareguru.com)
- Schnyder corneal dystrophy (SCD) is a rare form of stromal corneal dystrophy (see this term) characterized by corneal clouding or crystals within the corneal stroma, and a progressive decrease in visual acuity. (rareguru.com)
- The prevalence of this form of corneal dystrophy is not known. (rareguru.com)
- Name: Corneal Dystrophy Foundation 6066 McAbee Rd. (rareguru.com)
- Dystrophies - Fuch's dystrophy is the most common corneal dystrophy in the United States, affecting approximately 2% of individuals over the age of 60. (eyeconsultantsnd.com)
- Fuch's dystrophy affects the inner layer of the cornea, called the endothelium and is a slowly progressive disease that can lead to blurry and foggy vision. (eyeconsultantsnd.com)
- Some patients with Fuch's dystrophy will have such blurry vision that they will require or be considered for a corneal transplant, called a DMEK (Descemet's Membrane Endothelial Keratoplasty) or DSAEK (Descemet's Stripping Automated Endothelial Keratoplasty). (eyeconsultantsnd.com)
- Corneal dystrophy in dogs usually does not cause any problems and treatment is not required. (wikipedia.org)
- Suboptimal vision caused by corneal dystrophy usually requires surgical intervention in the form of corneal transplantation. (wikipedia.org)
- Penetrating keratoplasty is commonly performed for extensive corneal dystrophy. (wikipedia.org)
- Corneal endothelial dystrophy is an age-related change that affects the inner layer of the corneal, the endothelium. (wikipedia.org)
- The disease is similar to Fuchs' dystrophy in humans. (wikipedia.org)
- Many breeds are affected by corneal dystrophy with many different appearances. (wikipedia.org)
- Reis-Bücklers, formerly known as Granular corneal dystrophy type III or Corneal Dystrophy of Bowman's type I, typically present with normal corneas at birth but develop painful recurrent erosions, opacification, and progressive vision loss within the first decade of life (1). (uiowa.edu)
- The hyaline-like material consists of rod-like bodies ultrastructurally, which helps distinguish it from Thiel-Behnke corneal dystrophy (1, 2). (uiowa.edu)
- Lattice corneal dystrophy (LCD) is the most common of the corneal epithelial-stromal dystrophies. (uiowa.edu)
Transplantation14
- They may include glasses, custom contact lenses, over-the-counter eyedrops, specially formulated medications, in-office laser surgery , or corneal transplantation . (dukehealth.org)
- Besides conventional full-thickness corneal transplantation, newer modalities of treatment such as Deep Anterior Lamellar Keratoplasty (DALK) are performed for better visual outcome. (apollohospitals.com)
- This usually requires full-thickness corneal transplantation surgery to restore corneal clarity. (apollohospitals.com)
- Dr. Tauber has been a principal investigator in over 150 research studies of high-risk corneal transplantation, inflammation and allergic eye diseases, corneal infectious diseases, and numerous studies related to dry eye syndrome. (rocklandreviewnews.com)
- He is an internationally recognized leader in ocular surface disease and limbal stem cell deficiency, as well as one of the highest volume surgeons in the nation for limbal allograft transplantation. (rocklandreviewnews.com)
- An international team, including researchers from three teams and a clinical researcher affiliated with the Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont (HMR) Research Centre, is opening the door to an alternative to corneal transplantation. (fondationhmr.ca)
- Researchers from this international team have already established that corneal regeneration can be an alternative to transplantation. (fondationhmr.ca)
- Current standards of care require 1 donor cornea for each corneal transplantation procedure. (optometrytimes.com)
- Melles Cornea Clinic and NIIOS are always searching for new treatment protocols and more efficient surgical techniques for corneal transplantation. (eyestein.org)
- The latest corneal transplantation is offered at Eye Consultants of North Dakota by Dr. Anne Keating. (eyeconsultantsnd.com)
- All types of corneal transplantation available are offered at Eye Consultants of North Dakota, depending on your diagnosis. (eyeconsultantsnd.com)
- Corneal Transplantation: all techniques including modern lamellar techniques like DSEK, DMEK and DALK are done by us. (dishaeye.org)
- Recommendations of CDC, the Infectious Disease Society of America, and the American Society of Blood and Marrow Transplantation. (cdc.gov)
- The Bowman layer transplantation is promising, but will only serve a niche patient population, said Joung Kim, MD, from the section of corneal, external disease, and refractive surgery at Emory Eye Center in Atlanta. (medscape.com)
Stroma8
- 9 This enzyme, together with the collagenase produced by neutrophils and classified as MMP-8, are the only mammalian enzymes known to be capable of initiating hydrolysis of fibrillar type I collagen, 2 10 the major component of the corneal stroma. (bmj.com)
- The corneal stroma and Descemet membrane contain sheet-like opacities with clear intervening areas. (arizona.edu)
- Over time, small white opacities develop in the corneal stroma along with a diffuse haze. (rareguru.com)
- The demand for human corneal tissue is growing, but the supply is falling due to the popularity of LASIK surgeries, which weaken the corneal stroma and make it unsuitable for donation. (symptoma.com)
- Bad cases may require a corneal transplant or thermokeratoplasty, which is a grid of superficial burns to the cornea that causes anterior stromal fibers to contract and prevent fluid uptake by the stroma. (wikipedia.org)
- However, increasing evidence suggests that Mooren ulcer is, in fact, an autoimmune disease that exclusively targets the corneal stroma, and it is triggered by environmental factors in genetically susceptible individuals. (medscape.com)
- Being a small protein roughly the size of albumin, it has the capability to diffuse through the corneal stroma. (uiowa.edu)
- In more advanced stages of the disease, the opacities can extend to the limbus and deeper stroma (2). (uiowa.edu)
Patients with corneal3
- The eyes of patients with corneal endothelial cell damage cannot regenerate these cells. (optometrytimes.com)
- These customized lenses can help patients with corneal abrasions, diseases, and injuries by protecting the cornea's surface and keeping the cornea hydrated. (harreleyecare.com)
- The Disha Corneal Service comprises of a dynamic team of cornea sub-specialty ophthalmologists who are skilled in the latest medical and surgical care of patients with corneal, external eye and anterior segment diseases. (dishaeye.org)
Cases of corneal2
- Most cases of corneal disease are due to hereditary causes, infection, trauma, autoimmune disorders, allergy, or secondary causes such as eye diseases. (yeseyespecialists.com)
- Keratoprosthesis - for extreme cases of corneal condition. (dishaeye.org)
Keratitis6
- BACKGROUND/AIMS Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) accumulate in the tears of patients with active peripheral ulcerative keratitis (PUK) but it is unknown whether these enzymes have a central role in disease progression. (bmj.com)
- Compared to HSV-1 infected non-treated mice, the infected and TTHX1114 treated mice exhibited significant reduction of primary and recurrent stromal keratitis and blepharitis, without affecting virus corneal replication. (escholarship.org)
- You can prevent keratitis and other corneal infections by properly cleaning, disinfecting, and storing your contact lenses. (harreleyecare.com)
- These situations can cause painful inflammation and a corneal infection called keratitis that reduces visual clarity, produces corneal discharges, and perhaps erodes the cornea or leads to corneal scarring. (woolfsoneye.com)
- The term "corneal ulcer" often is used interchangeably with "bacterial keratitis," although, in practice, these are 2 different entities. (medscape.com)
- Bacterial keratitis denotes a bacterial infection of the eye that causes inflammation and, potentially, ulceration of the cornea, whereas corneal ulcer describes a loss of corneal tissue due to many possible causes. (medscape.com)
Infections9
- Corneal scarring can result from infections and trauma (mechanical, thermal or chemical). (apollohospitals.com)
- He is also an internationally recognized authority on ocular surface disease and dry eye treatment and a regional specialist in the treatment of complex ocular infections. (rocklandreviewnews.com)
- Infection: Bacterial, fungal and viral infections are common causes of corneal damage. (mcceyeinstitute.com)
- Corneal Ulcers (infections of the cornea) - Anyone can suffer an infection of the cornea, but patients who are most prone to develop corneal ulcers are contact lens wearers, patients who are immunocompromised, have very dry eyes or cannot close their eyes completely. (eyeconsultantsnd.com)
- Corneal ulcers are very serious infections that without proper treatment, can lead to loss of the eye and permanent blindness. (eyeconsultantsnd.com)
- You can reduce your likelihood of developing corneal diseases by getting enough vitamin A and omega-3 fatty acids in your diet, proper maintenance of contact lens and glasses to avoid infections, and the use of safety glasses when necessary to prevent eye injury. (retinasocal.com)
- Although relatively infrequent, corneal infections are also the most serious complication of contact lens wear. (woolfsoneye.com)
- Minor corneal infections are commonly treated with anti-bacterial drops. (woolfsoneye.com)
- We also have a good microbiology lab to help us manage any case of corneal or surface infections. (dishaeye.org)
Epithelial9
- METHODS The experimental samples were obtained from the culture media of conjunctival and corneal epithelial cells, from fractionated blood plasma and leucocytes of healthy subjects and patients with rheumatoid arthritis, and from the tears of healthy subjects and patients with a variety of anterior segment diseases. (bmj.com)
- The investment will fund the launch of its revolutionary approach to treating persistent epithelial defects and limbal stem cell deficiency with its advanced corneal allograft, BrightMEM TM . (rocklandreviewnews.com)
- The excimer laser is also used to treat recurrent corneal epithelial erosions. (nih.gov)
- With the MEL 50 Aesculap-Meditec 193-nanometer argon-fluoride excimer laser, we treated 74 eyes of 73 individuals, who suffered from posttraumatic, therapy-resistant, recurrent corneal epithelial erosions. (nih.gov)
- Other factors that were positively correlated with the development of corneal complications included decreased corneal sensitivity, intraoperative lensectomy, and intraoperative epithelial debridement. (nih.gov)
- However, treatment with various approaches, including exogenous WNT5A methylation inhibitors and a nanoconjugate that inhibits WNT5A suppression, improved corneal epithelial wound healing as well as expression of the limbic epithelial stem cells. (medscape.com)
- Overall, Wnt-5a is a new corneal epithelial wound healing stimulator that can be targeted to improve wound healing and stem cells in the diabetic cornea," write Ruchi Shah, PhD, of the Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, and colleagues. (medscape.com)
- Corneal epithelial-stromal and stromal dystrophies are a group of inherited disorders of the cornea that are caused by progressive accumulation of deposits within the layers of the cornea. (uiowa.edu)
- The 2015 International Committee for Classification of Corneal Dystrophies (IC3D) classification system has divided corneal dystrophies into 4 categories: epithelial and subepithelial dystrophies, epithelial-stromal dystrophies, stromal dystrophies, and endothelial dystrophies. (uiowa.edu)
Central corneal thickness2
- Properties of the cornea are important in the relationship of central corneal thickness (CCT) and IOP measurement error-in a stiff eye CCT is a large source of error, but in a soft eye CCT creates very little error," Roberts explains. (osu.edu)
- P CRF =1.1x10 -101 ) loci, both associated with central corneal thickness. (arvojournals.org)
Inflammation4
- Reduces corneal inflammation. (fondationhmr.ca)
- Six of these 13 patients had recurrent, disabling, episodic inflammation that was the most dominant feature of the disease. (symptoma.com)
- Corneal lesions usually heal by themselves, but antiviral treatment may reduce the inflammation . (symptoma.com)
- Chronic inflammation may contribute to disease progression and complications. (contactlensupdate.com)
Tissue11
- A laser beam removes corneal irregularities, scars, and diseased tissue from the surface of the cornea. (dukehealth.org)
- This may be effected by autoimmune diseases that involve ocular tissue or by ocular diseases that induce an inflammatory response. (bmj.com)
- The way you get from vision that needs improvement to vision that is good is by removing tissue to generate a particular corneal shape. (osu.edu)
- The allograft encourages durable regeneration of the corneal epithelium, while providing protection for the underlying stromal tissue. (rocklandreviewnews.com)
- Saving Sight CEO Tony Bavuso stated, "Brightstar Therapeutics has the potential to greatly advance corneal treatments and allow for more corneal tissue to be utilized, resulting in more people receiving the gift of sight. (rocklandreviewnews.com)
- He currently leads an NIH-funded laboratory at the University of Minnesota that focuses on innovations in donor corneal tissue processing and tissue cellular therapies for treatment of ocular surface diseases. (rocklandreviewnews.com)
- A corneal transplant is surgery to replace the cornea with tissue from a donor. (medlineplus.gov)
- The tissue for your corneal transplant will come from a person (donor) who has recently died. (medlineplus.gov)
- The superficial pathologic corneal tissue needs to be excised. (rareguru.com)
- We needed to surgically remove the affected tissue using a combination of keratectomy (corneal surgery), conjunctival resection, eyelid resection and reconstruction. (linnaeusgroup.co.uk)
- The most common autoimmune pathologies with ocular manifestations include rheumatoid arthritis (RA), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), connective-tissue disorders ( Sjögren syndrome , scleroderma , relapsing polychondritis), and vasculitis ( granulomatosis with polyangiitis [GPA], polyarteritis nodosa , and, rarely, Behcet disease ). (medscape.com)
Ulcers5
- Over wearing contacts, sleeping in contacts, swimming and showering in contacts puts you at risk for corneal ulcers. (eyeconsultantsnd.com)
- The finding of Wnt-5a as a new diabetic corneal marker regulating wound healing and stem cell function may have implications for other diabetes complications involving impaired wound healing, including diabetic foot ulcers, as they share similar neurovascular, sensory, and immunological compromise with diabetic eye disease, Shah and colleagues say. (medscape.com)
- [ 1 , 2 ] Although acute corneal ulcers in emergency settings most likely are infectious in etiology, other sterile causes of ulceration exist. (medscape.com)
- This article specifically addresses sterile corneal ulcers associated with autoinflammatory diseases. (medscape.com)
- The pathogenesis of corneal ulcers associated with autoinflammatory diseases is unclear. (medscape.com)
Infection9
- The efficacy of TTHX1114 against corneal keratopathy was assessed in B6 mice following corneal infection with HSV-1, strain McKrae. (escholarship.org)
- As with any serious eye infection, corneal disease should be treated immediately. (mcceyeinstitute.com)
- Disease, infection or injury can cause the cornea to swell, known as edema, or degrade the cornea to the point that vision diminishes. (palmettoophthalmology.net)
- Injuries, such as allergies, chemical irritations, abrasions, over exposure to light, or getting dust or small objects in the eye, may make the cornea more vulnerable to infection or disease. (palmettoophthalmology.net)
- Most forms of corneal disease stem from injury, infection, a symptom of another disease or personal history. (ophthalmologycenters.com)
- If the cornea is damaged by infection, disease, injury, or inherited disorders, you can develop permanent scarring and loss of vision. (eyeconsultantsnd.com)
- Typically, the deeper the corneal infection, the more severe the symptoms and the complications. (woolfsoneye.com)
- Of note, patients with a poor corneal surface, especially those with systemic diseases in whom keratoconjunctivitis sicca (dry eye syndrome) often also is present, are at increased risk for corneal infection. (medscape.com)
- Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America/Association for Professionals in Infection Control/Infectious Diseases Society of America. (cdc.gov)
Trauma3
- Your eye doctor can check for corneal disease and trauma by examining your eyes with magnifying instruments. (mcceyeinstitute.com)
- Holland explained that the number of human corneal endothelial cells (HCECs) in each individual is finite and that over time they will degrade or deteriorate because of age, disease, or surgical trauma. (optometrytimes.com)
- Secondary ectasias, on the other hand, refer to corneal shape changes caused by external factors, such as corneal surgery or trauma, with no underlying ectatic propensity existing, and would be considered "thinning disorders" as opposed to a primary ECD. (contactlensupdate.com)
Epithelium5
- The corneal epithelium and endothelium as well as Descemet membrane are spared. (rareguru.com)
- The corneal complications involved the epithelium in 11 (78%) of the 14 complicated cases, with involvement of the endothelium (as manifested by stromal edema) in five (35%) cases. (nih.gov)
- The diabetic human corneal epithelium contains considerable levels of sorbitol and fructose, which indicates the probable presence of the sorbitol pathway. (nih.gov)
- As in the lens, this pathway may lead to osmotic changes that make the diabetic corneal epithelium more vulnerable to damage intraoperatively. (nih.gov)
- TGFβI is located on chromosome 5q31 and codes for keratoepithelin, a protein secreted by corneal epithelium. (uiowa.edu)
Cause corneal3
- Deeper scratches can cause corneal scarring, resulting in a haze on the cornea that can greatly impair vision and often requires a corneal transplant. (woolfsoneye.com)
- Patients with ocular manifestations of autoinflammatory diseases often have keratoconjunctivitis sicca (dry eye syndrome), which can cause corneal ulceration. (medscape.com)
- Exposure to high levels of the gas may cause corneal burns and cataracts. (cdc.gov)
Variety of corneal diseases2
- Duke corneal specialists throughout the Triangle provide treatment for a variety of corneal diseases. (dukehealth.org)
- There are a variety of corneal diseases, albeit all under the same umbrella term. (yeseyespecialists.com)
Keratopathy3
- The approval of Vyznova, to treat patients with bullous keratopathy, is believed to be the first for an allogenic cell therapy for corneal endothelial disease. (optometrytimes.com)
- Bullous keratopathy (blisters in the cornea) may also form, leading to nonhealing and recurrent corneal ulceration. (wikipedia.org)
- Vision loss due to diabetes arises primarily from retinopathy, but up to 70% of people with diabetes also experience corneal problems, including keratopathy and neuropathy. (medscape.com)
Ulceration1
- Hair follicles within the dermoids had resulted in secondary corneal ulceration and significant ocular discomfort. (linnaeusgroup.co.uk)
Erosions2
- Corneal erosions or Recurrent Erosion Syndrome - Erosions of the cornea are a type of abrasion or scratch that occurs typically without injury, but tend to repeatedly occur in patients who have previously suffered an injury to the cornea. (eyeconsultantsnd.com)
- It is typically an autosomal dominant, bilateral disease that typically presents toward the end of the first decade of life with symptoms of recurrent corneal erosions and decreased vision. (uiowa.edu)
Curvature3
- A computer-guided device creates a 3D image map of your cornea to measure corneal power, curvature, and thickness. (dukehealth.org)
- A disturbance of normal corneal curvature creates blurred vision that may not be able to be effectively corrected with eyeglasses or contact lenses. (symptoma.com)
- As the cornea begins to stretch forward, the refractive power of the cornea increases, and the eye becomes more myopic (nearsighted), then as the corneal curvature becomes distorted and uneven, it may produce more of an astigmatism. (woolfsoneye.com)
Keratoplasty5
- Newer surgical techniques such as Deep Lamellar Endothelial Keratoplasty (DLEK) allow surgical replacement of the corneal endothelium without any surface incisions or sutures. (apollohospitals.com)
- For years, the most common type of corneal transplant was called penetrating keratoplasty. (medlineplus.gov)
- Various surgical procedures including penetrating keratoplasty have been used but the most effective seems to be an optical iridectomy to enable patients to use the relatively clear corneal areas. (arizona.edu)
- Deep Anterior Lamellar Keratoplasty is performed when scaring or corneal disease involves the front half of the cornea. (winvision.in)
- Other treatment options include corneal collagen cross-linking with laser, which involves the use of eye drops to strengthen collagen fibers, and deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty, which involves implantation of the front and middle layers of the cornea. (medscape.com)
Type of corneal disease1
- The treatment offered will depend on the specific type of corneal disease. (retinasocal.com)
Transplants3
- Moreover, if the success rate of corneal transplants oscillates between 85 and 90% after two years, it drops to 60% after 5 years. (fondationhmr.ca)
- DMEK or DSAEK are types of corneal transplants that allow just the inner layer of the cornea to be replaced by a donor endothelial layer. (eyeconsultantsnd.com)
- These advanced corneal transplants allow for faster recovery and have excellent results. (eyeconsultantsnd.com)
Superficial1
- Excimer laser phototherapeutic keratectomy has generated considerable interest in treating superficial corneal and scleral pathology. (nih.gov)
Infectious7
- Contact lens wearers are at a higher risk, due to the possibility of hygienic issues with their lenses leading to an infectious corneal disease. (cvemg.com)
- Otherwise, be aware of others with bacteria or viruses, as coming in contact with people with contagious forms of conjunctivitis increases your risk of developing an infectious corneal disease. (cvemg.com)
- Contact lens wearers who don't keep their hands clean or share solution or lens cases are at much higher risk for developing an infectious corneal disease. (cvemg.com)
- The use and interpretation of quasi-experimental studies in infectious diseases. (cdc.gov)
- We demonstrate that high background antimicrobial drug use may be responsible for much of the observed decline in trachoma and discuss its potential role in eliminating this infectious disease. (cdc.gov)
- Other infectious diseases such as syphilis, chancroid, tuberculosis, and leprosy also began to subside in Europe and the United States during this time. (cdc.gov)
- Addressing the importance of antimicrobial agents in the disappearance of these infectious diseases retrospectively is difficult. (cdc.gov)
Affect the cornea3
- There are many diseases that can affect the cornea, causing pain or loss of vision. (palmettoophthalmology.net)
- All illnesses that affect the cornea are part of the category known as corneal disease . (ophthalmologycenters.com)
- Corneal dystrophies are a group of diseases that affect the cornea in dogs. (wikipedia.org)
Symptoms7
- There are many different types of corneal disease , each with its slightly different symptoms and causes. (ophthalmologycenters.com)
- The exact corneal disease symptoms will vary depending on which disease is present. (ophthalmologycenters.com)
- As a corneal disease progresses, more symptoms will emerge. (ophthalmologycenters.com)
- What are the symptoms of corneal disease? (yeseyespecialists.com)
- This is important because many eye diseases have no early symptoms or warning signs. (harreleyecare.com)
- The mildest form of the disease and often causes few symptoms. (medicinenet.com)
- People with the disease may also need medications to manage other symptoms and complications. (medicinenet.com)
High-risk corneal1
- Services include consulting, state-of-the-art diagnostics and the full range of medical and surgical management of routine, complex and high-risk corneal and external eye diseases. (midwestcornea.com)
Refractive surgery1
- Screening for corneal topographic abnormalities before refractive surgery. (ijkecd.com)
Layer of the corneal1
- The innermost layer of the corneal may become dysfunctional in certain conditions and result in clouding of the cornea. (apollohospitals.com)
Balanced corneal immune1
- NV is believed to result from an inflammatory or hypoxic disruption of an exquisitely balanced corneal immune system. (medscape.com)
Treatments4
- There are a multitude of treatments for corneal disease (also called ocular surface disease). (dukehealth.org)
- The treatments described on this marketing are not considered to be standard of care for any condition or disease. (russellhealth.com)
- Understanding inflammation's role has important implications for KC management, with anti-inflammatory treatments potentially aiding in disease control. (contactlensupdate.com)
- Current treatments for this disease are not fully effective. (bvsalud.org)
Scleral1
- One of the most common ways to treat corneal problems is with scleral contact lenses, which vault over the cornea and rest upon the sclera, the eye's white surface. (harreleyecare.com)
Diabetic2
- This helps in the treatment of various retinal diseases including retinal holes and diabetic retinopathy. (apollohospitals.com)
- Novel therapies to reverse both types of epigenetic silencing could benefit corneal function and may also prove to be beneficial in other wound healing-related diabetic complications," they write. (medscape.com)
Transplant surgery4
- If your condition has progressed and you need corneal transplant surgery to help restore you vision, we offer the most advanced surgical techniques that replace the affected layer of the cornea -- maximizing your vision and minimizing risks and recovery time. (dukehealth.org)
- For major corneal disease , however, corneal transplant surgery is likely the recommended option. (ophthalmologycenters.com)
- For major corneal disease, the only real option is Corneal Transplant Surgery. (ophthalmologycenters.com)
- Whlie cornea transplant surgery is thought to be effective at treating most forms of corneal disease , exceptions such as ocular herpes do still exist. (ophthalmologycenters.com)
Ocular surface5
- We can also create biologic tear replacement therapies for severe ocular surface disease. (dukehealth.org)
- Brightstar Therapeutics, a biotechnology company focused on providing innovative treatment options for corneal and ocular surface diseases, announced the closing of its Series A financing. (rocklandreviewnews.com)
- With the addition of these experienced ophthalmologists, Brightstar Therapeutics is poised to accomplish its mission of improving clinical outcomes and quality of life for those living with corneal and ocular surface diseases. (rocklandreviewnews.com)
- Ocular surface neovascularization and its resulting pathological changes significantly alter corneal refraction and obstruct the light path to the retina, and hence is a major cause of vision loss. (bvsalud.org)
- In this review article, we comprehensively discuss the etiology and mechanisms of corneal neovascularization and other types of ocular surface neovascularization, as well as emerging animal models and drug delivery strategies that facilitate its management. (bvsalud.org)
Disorders4
- Since corneal diseases and disorders can be vision threatening, any condition involving the cornea must be carefully diagnosed, treated and monitored by your eye doctor. (kadrmaseyecare.com)
- Click on the links above to learn more about these corneal diseases and disorders. (kadrmaseyecare.com)
- Diseases of the cornea are conditions or disorders that disrupt the normal functioning of the cornea. (retinasocal.com)
- Ectatic corneal disease (ECD) comprises a group of disorders characterized by progressive thinning and protrusion of the cornea, leading to visual impairment. (contactlensupdate.com)
Surgical5
- Corneal scarring can also affect newborn children and often require early surgical intervention to prevent visual deprivation and loss of visual development. (apollohospitals.com)
- There are many corneal conditions that require special medical attention, and we treat many of these using the Woolfson Ophthalmology Difference that blends unique surgical experience with the greatest ranges of technologies and techniques including the latest, most innovative approaches. (woolfsoneye.com)
- The surgery was challenging as an operating microscope, specialised microsurgical instruments and surgical skills are required to perform corneal surgery. (linnaeusgroup.co.uk)
- During the current outbreak, CDC has received reports of people with monkeypox who have severe manifestations of disease, including but not limited to · Atypical or persistent rash with coalescing or necrotic lesions, or both, some which have required extensive surgical debridement or amputation of an affected extremity. (cdc.gov)
- This article reviews literature on etiological factors of the development of corneal neovascularization, as well as modern methods of diagnosis, conservative and surgical treatment of this pathology. (bvsalud.org)
Edema2
- Holland noted that during treatment, the endothelial cells are injected intracamerally into the eye, where they repopulate into a healthy monolayer and remove fluid from the cornea, which decreases corneal edema. (optometrytimes.com)
- 2014). Corneal Edema. (cdc.gov)
Contact lenses2
- We have likewise found that toric IOLs can help optimize refractive cataract outcomes in patients who have corneal conditions typically associated with irregular corneal astigmatism, provided that the central 3 mm on topography appears regular and bow tie-like in pattern, the astigmatism is stable, and the patient previously tolerated spectacle correction and did not rely on rigid gas permeable contact lenses. (crstoday.com)
- The advancements in materials used to manufacture contact lenses reduced the adverse effects linked to their use, preserved a regular corneal metabolism, and maintained tear film stability. (news-medical.net)
Graft3
- Incidence of subsequent corneal graft rejection is estimated by one study to be 1.7 times higher in a setting of vascularized rather than nonvascularized host corneas. (medscape.com)
- it can compromise corneal transparency and plays a major role in corneal graft rejection by breaching corneal immune privilege. (eyehospital.nl)
- Corneal neovascularization is one of the most common causes of decreased visual acuity and disability for vision loss, increase in the risk of corneal graft rejection, and appearance of opacifications on the cornea. (bvsalud.org)
Topography2
- Preoperative astigmatism (mean, 6.70 D) was correctable with spectacles in all eyes and fairly regular, with a bow tie-like pattern on central corneal topography. (crstoday.com)
- Using a slit lamp and advanced diagnostic technology such as corneal topography, your doctor can detect early cataracts, corneal scars, and other problems associated with the front structures of the eye. (mcceyeinstitute.com)
Loss of corneal1
- Any disease affecting this structure results in loss of corneal clarity and thereby affecting vision. (apollohospitals.com)
Leads to corneal1
- The second type is a much more aggressive, frequently bilateral, relentless disease usually seen in younger patients that is poorly responsive to any therapy and often leads to corneal destruction. (medscape.com)
Management of Corneal2
- Management of Corneal Perforations. (dishaeye.org)
- In this review, we formulate a consensus on the unmet medical needs in the management of corneal neovascularisation and outline a framework for the clinical research that is needed to identify suitable agents to meet these needs. (eyehospital.nl)
Neovascularization4
- Background: Corneal neovascularization is a sight-threatening disease. (bvsalud.org)
- Conclusion: ATV-qC16-Tat47-57 constitutes a promising topical medication against corneal neovascularization. (bvsalud.org)
- Corneal neovascularization is an eye disease that affects over 1 million people every year and can lead to blindness. (bvsalud.org)
- Atorvastatin (ATV) is one drug that has been partially successful at treating corneal neovascularization, but it does not stay in the eye long enough and does not mix well with the water-based environment of the eye. (bvsalud.org)
Pathology1
- Advances in pre- and intraoperative corneal imaging and in toric IOL design have prompted cataract surgeons to explore the safety and efficacy of toric IOLs for selected eyes with corneal pathology. (crstoday.com)
Treat corneal1
- At the office of Optivision, we use state-of-the-art technology and advanced methods to treat corneal disease, improving your eye health and vision. (cortlandoptivision.com)
Congenital corneal1
- The French bulldog, called Pep, was just four months old when he was diagnosed with serious congenital corneal disease and his owners told he was in danger of losing his eyesight and, possibly, an eye. (linnaeusgroup.co.uk)
