Coxsackievirus Infections
Enterovirus B, Human
Enterovirus
Myocarditis
Inflammatory processes of the muscular walls of the heart (MYOCARDIUM) which result in injury to the cardiac muscle cells (MYOCYTES, CARDIAC). Manifestations range from subclinical to sudden death (DEATH, SUDDEN). Myocarditis in association with cardiac dysfunction is classified as inflammatory CARDIOMYOPATHY usually caused by INFECTION, autoimmune diseases, or responses to toxic substances. Myocarditis is also a common cause of DILATED CARDIOMYOPATHY and other cardiomyopathies.
Coxsackie and Adenovirus Receptor-Like Membrane Protein
Enterovirus Infections
Enterovirus Infections are acute viral illnesses caused by various Enterovirus serotypes, primarily transmitted through the fecal-oral route, manifesting as a wide range of clinical symptoms, from asymptomatic or mild self-limiting fever to severe and potentially life-threatening conditions, such as meningitis, encephalitis, myocarditis, and neonatal sepsis-like illness, depending on the age, immune status, and serotype of the infected individual.
T cells contribute to disease severity during coxsackievirus B4 infection. (1/525)
By using a model of coxsackievirus B4-induced disease, the question of whether tissue damage is due to the virus or to immune-mediated mechanisms was addressed. Both viral replication and T-cell function were implicated in contributing to the severity of disease. Three stages (I to III) of disease, which correspond to periods of high viral titers, low viral titers, and no infectious virus, have been identified. Stage I disease is considered to be primarily the result of viral replication. Immunopathological mechanisms appear to contribute to the severity of stage II and III disease. To investigate the role of T cells in contributing to the severity of disease, viral infection in CD8 knockout (ko) mice and CD4 ko mice was analyzed. CD8 T-cell responses appear to be beneficial during early, viral disease but detrimental in later disease when viral titers are diminishing. CD4 ko mice, unlike the parental strain, survived infection. Viral replication was lower in the CD4 ko mice. Was survival due to decreased viral replication or to the lack of T-helper-cell function? To investigate further the role of T helper cells in contributing to tissue damage, viral infection in two additional ko strains (interleukin-4 [IL-4] ko and gamma interferon ko strains) was examined. A clear correlation between viral replication and the outcome of infection was not observed. The absence of IL-4, which may influence T-helper-cell subset development, was advantageous during early viral disease but deleterious in later disease. The results suggest that T-cell-mediated immunity is both beneficial and detrimental during coxsackievirus B4 infection. (+info)Viral myocarditis: identification of five differentially expressed genes in coxsackievirus B3-infected mouse heart. (2/525)
Differences in host susceptibility to viral myocarditis caused by a given strain of coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) are known to be largely related to host genetic factors. Little is known, however, about the key genes that encode determinants (mediators) of myocarditis development or the nature of injury. To identify these genes and further understand the molecular mechanisms of the disease process, we have used a murine model and the differential display technique to fingerprint mRNAs from CVB3-infected mouse hearts. Total RNA was extracted from hearts of 4- and 10-week-old A/J(H-2(a)) mice at day 4 after CVB3 infection, and mRNAs were detected by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and subsequently analyzed on polyacrylamide DNA sequencing gels. The differentially displayed bands were confirmed by Northern hybridization using the bands as cDNA probes. Twenty-eight upregulated or downregulated bands were selected from the sequencing gels; among these, 2 upregulated and 3 downregulated cDNA fragments were confirmed by Northern hybridization. DNA sequence analysis and GenBank searching have determined that 4 of the 5 candidate genes are homologous to genes encoding Mus musculus inducible GTPase, mouse mitochondrial hydrophobic peptide (a subunit of NADH dehydrogenase), mouse beta-globin, and Homo sapiens cAMP-regulated response element binding protein (CREB) binding protein (CBP), respectively. The remaining candidate gene matches an unpublished cDNA clone, M musculus Nip21 mRNA (GenBank accession number, AF035207), which is homologous to human Nip2, a Bcl-2 binding protein. Our data suggest preliminarily that both structural and nonstructural genes are involved in myocarditis development. For the structural gene, beta-globin, we further confirmed its downregulation at the protein level by measuring the mean cell volume of red blood cells and found it was marginally reduced in the CVB3-infected group (P<0.06), with no change in hemoglobin concentration. Cardiac myoglobin concentration was also measured and found to be decreased (P<0.005), with a parallel decrease in total soluble protein in the CVB3-infected mouse myocardium (P<0.01). We also noted that the ratio of myoglobin to total protein was not significantly changed; this may be due to the downregulation of additional genes in the host heart, a number being observed on the differential display gels. The significant downregulation of beta-globin major gene expression in the heart may be relevant to impaired cardiac function in both the early and late postinfection period. The other identified nonstructural genes are known to be involved in regulation of gene expression, signal transduction pathways, and apoptotic cell death. The altered expression of structural and nonstructural genes may play important roles in the mediation of myocarditis development and perhaps other pathological processes in the heart. (+info)Hormonal regulation of CD4(+) T-cell responses in coxsackievirus B3-induced myocarditis in mice. (3/525)
Coxsackievirus B3 infection causes significant cardiac inflammation in male, but not female, B1.Tg.Ealpha mice. This gender difference in disease susceptibility correlates with selective induction of CD4(+) Th1 (gamma interferon-positive) cell responses in animals with testosterone, whereas estradiol promotes preferential CD4(+) Th2 (interleukin-4 positive [IL-4(+)]) cell responses. Differences in immune deviation of CD4(+) T cells cannot be explained by variation in B7-1 or B7-2 expression. Infection significantly upregulated both molecules, but no differences were detected between estradiol- and testosterone-treated groups. Significantly increased numbers of activated (CD69(+)) T cells expressing the gammadelta T-cell receptor were found in male and testosterone-treated male and female mice. In vivo depletion of gammadelta+ cells by using monoclonal antibodies inhibited myocarditis and resulted in a shift from a Th1 to Th2 response phenotype. Taken together, our results indicate that testosterone promotes a CD4(+) Th1 cell response and myocarditis by promoting increased gammadelta+ cell activation. (+info)gamma delta+ T cells regulate major histocompatibility complex class II(IA and IE)-dependent susceptibility to coxsackievirus B3-induced autoimmune myocarditis. (4/525)
Coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) infection induces myocardial inflammation and myocyte necrosis in some, but not all, strains of mice. C57BL/6 mice, which inherently lack major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II IE antigen, develop minimal cardiac lesions despite high levels of virus in the heart. The present experiments evaluate the relative roles of class II IA and IE expression on myocarditis susceptibility in four transgenic C57BL/6 mouse strains differing in MHC class II antigen expression. Animals lacking MHC class II IE antigen (C57BL/6 [IA+ IE-] and ABo [IA- IE-]) developed minimal cardiac lesions subsequent to infection despite high concentrations of virus in the heart. In contrast, strains expressing IE (ABo Ealpha [IA- IE+] and Bl.Tg.Ealpha [IA+ IE+]) had substantial cardiac injury. Myocarditis susceptibility correlated to a Th1 (gamma interferon-positive) cell response in the spleen, while disease resistance correlated to a preferential Th2 (interleukin-4-positive) phenotype. Vgamma/Vdelta analysis indicates that distinct subpopulations of gamma delta+ T cells are activated after CVB3 infection of C57BL/6 and Bl.Tg.Ealpha mice. Depletion of gamma delta+ T cells abrogated myocarditis susceptibility in IE+ animals and resulted in a Th1-->Th2 phenotype shift. These studies indicate that the MHC class II antigen haplotype controls myocarditis susceptibility, that this control is most likely mediated through the type of gamma delta T cells activated during CVB3 infection, and finally that different subpopulations of gamma delta+ T cells may either promote or inhibit Th1 cell responses. (+info)Activity of pleconaril against enteroviruses. (5/525)
The activity of pleconaril in cell culture against prototypic enterovirus strains and 215 clinical isolates of the most commonly isolated enterovirus serotypes was examined. The latter viruses were isolated by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention during the 1970s and 1980s from clinically ill subjects. Pleconaril at a concentration of +info)Susceptibility to myocarditis is dependent on the response of alphabeta T lymphocytes to coxsackieviral infection. (6/525)
Viral myocarditis is an important cause of heart failure and dilated cardiomyopathy. T lymphocytes are implicated in myocardial damage in murine models of coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) myocarditis. We used knockout mice lacking CD4 (CD4(-/-)), CD8 (CD8(-/-)), both coreceptors (CD4(-/-)CD8(-/-)), or the T-cell receptor beta chain (TCRbeta(-/-)) to address the contribution of T-cell subpopulations to host susceptibility to CVB3 myocarditis. Severity of disease was magnified in CD8(-/-) mice but attenuated in CD4(-/-) mice, consistent with a pathogenic role for CD4(+) lymphocytes. Elimination of both CD4 and CD8 molecules from T lymphocytes by genetic knockout better protected mice from myocarditis, demonstrating that both CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells contribute to host susceptibility. The same benefit occurred in TCRbeta(-/-) mice, with prolonged survival and minimal myocardial disease observed after CVB3 infection. Elevated interferon-gamma and decreased tumor necrosis factor-alpha expression are associated with attenuated myocardial damage in CD4(-/-)CD8(-/-) mice. These results show that the presence of TCRalphabeta(+) T cells enhances host susceptibility to myocarditis. The severity of myocardial damage and associated mortality are dependent on the predominant T-cell type available to respond to CVB3 infection. One mechanism by which CD4(+) and CD8(+) T-cell subsets influence the pathogenesis of myocarditis may involve specific cytokine expression patterns. (+info)Coxsackievirus B4 myocarditis in an orangutan. (7/525)
A 37-year-old female orangutan died at the zoological garden. Autopsy examination demonstrated severe coxsackievirus B4 myocarditis immunohistochemically as a cause of the death. Apoptosis of the cardiac muscle cells was observed using the TdT-mediated dUTP-biotin nick endo labeling method and was considered to play a role in the myocarditis. Congestion of the liver and both lungs due to cardiac failure was also observed. Coxsackievirus infection is found frequently in the Okinawan human population. The present orangutan's infection might have come from visitors who were allowed to go near the orangutan. Malignant tumors, severe suppurative infections, and intestinal parasite infections were not observed. Epstein-Barr virus DNA was detected in lymph nodes, but there was no Burkitt's lymphoma. (+info)The role of B lymphocytes in coxsackievirus B3 infection. (8/525)
Coxsackieviruses are important human pathogens, frequently causing myocarditis, pancreatitis, and a variety of less severe diseases. B lymphocytes appear central to the interaction between these viruses and their mammalian hosts, because agammaglobulinemic humans, genetically incapable of antibody production, are susceptible to chronic infections by coxsackieviruses and related enteroviruses, such as poliovirus and echovirus. However, recent studies show that Type B coxsackievirus (CVB) infects B lymphocytes soon after infection, suggesting the possibility that these cells may play some role in virus dissemination and/or that the virus may be able to modulate the host immune response. We analyzed the role of B lymphocytes in CVB infection and confirmed that CVB infects B lymphocytes, and extended these findings to show that this is a productive infection involving approximately 1 to 10% of the cells; however, infectious center assays show that other splenocytes are infected at approximately the same frequency. Virus is readily detectable by in situ hybridization in the spleen of immunocompetent mice but is difficult to detect in mice deficient in B cells (BcKO mice), consistent with much of the splenic signal being the result of B cell infection. Surprisingly, given the extent of their infection, B cells express barely detectable levels of the murine coxsackievirus-adenovirus receptor (mCAR), suggesting that another means of cell entry may be used. We found no evidence of B cell depletion following CVB infection, indicating that this is not the explanation for the transient immunosuppression previously reported. Virus replication and dissemination are slightly delayed in BcKO mice, consistent with B cells' playing a role as an important early target of infection and/or a means to distribute the virus to many tissues. In addition, we show that BcKO mice recapitulate a central feature of human agammaglobulinemia: CVB establishes chronic infection in a variety of organs (heart, liver, brain, kidney, lung, pancreas, spleen). In most of these tissues the viral titers remain high (10(5)-10(8) plaque forming units (pfu) per gram of tissue) for the life of the mouse, and in several there is severe pathology, particularly severe myocardial fibrosis with ventricular dilation, reminiscent of the dilated cardiomyopathy seen in humans with chronic enteroviral myocarditis. Transfer of B and/or T cells from non-immune mice had no discernible effect, whereas equivalent transfers from immune mice often resulted in transient or permanent disappearance of detectable CVB. (+info)Coxsackievirus infections are acute illnesses caused by enteroviruses of the Coxsackie A and B groups, characterized by a wide range of symptoms from mild febrile illness to severe manifestations such as hand-foot-and-mouth disease, herpangina, meningitis, and myocarditis.
Coxsackievirus infections are a type of viral illness caused by Coxsackie A and B viruses, which belong to the family Picornaviridae. These viruses can cause a wide range of symptoms, depending on the specific strain and the age and overall health of the infected individual.
The most common types of Coxsackievirus infections are hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) and herpangina. HFMD is characterized by fever, sore throat, and a rash that typically appears on the hands, feet, and mouth. Herpangina is similar but is usually marked by painful sores in the back of the mouth or throat.
Other possible symptoms of Coxsackievirus infections include:
* Fever
* Headache
* Muscle aches
* Fatigue
* Nausea and vomiting
* Abdominal pain
In some cases, Coxsackievirus infections can lead to more serious complications, such as meningitis (inflammation of the membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord), myocarditis (inflammation of the heart muscle), or pleurodynia (also known as "devil's grip," a painful inflammation of the chest and abdominal muscles).
Coxsackievirus infections are typically spread through close contact with an infected person, such as through respiratory droplets or by touching contaminated surfaces. The viruses can also be spread through fecal-oral transmission.
There is no specific treatment for Coxsackievirus infections, and most people recover on their own within a week or two. However, severe cases may require hospitalization and supportive care, such as fluids and pain relief. Prevention measures include good hygiene practices, such as washing hands frequently and avoiding close contact with sick individuals.
Enterovirus B, Human is a non-polio enterovirus species belonging to the Picornaviridae family, which includes several serotypes known to cause various clinical manifestations ranging from mild respiratory illnesses and skin infections to severe neurological disorders such as aseptic meningitis, encephalitis, and myocarditis in humans.
Enterovirus B, Human (HEVB) is a type of enterovirus that infects humans. Enteroviruses are small viruses that belong to the Picornaviridae family and are named after the Greek word "pico" meaning small. They are further classified into several species, including Human Enterovirus B (HEV-B).
HEVB includes several serotypes, such as Coxsackievirus A9, A16, and B types, and Echoviruses. These viruses are typically transmitted through the fecal-oral route or respiratory droplets and can cause a range of illnesses, from mild symptoms like fever, rash, and sore throat to more severe diseases such as meningitis, myocarditis, and paralysis.
HEVB infections are common worldwide, and people of all ages can be affected. However, young children and individuals with weakened immune systems are at higher risk for severe illness. Prevention measures include good hygiene practices, such as washing hands frequently and avoiding close contact with sick individuals. There is no specific treatment for HEVB infections, and most cases resolve on their own within a few days to a week. However, hospitalization may be necessary for severe cases.
Enterovirus is a genus of single-stranded, positive-sense RNA viruses in the family Picornaviridae, which commonly cause various diseases in humans such as the common cold, hand foot and mouth disease, myocarditis, and meningitis.
An enterovirus is a type of virus that primarily infects the gastrointestinal tract. There are over 100 different types of enteroviruses, including polioviruses, coxsackieviruses, echoviruses, and newer enteroviruses such as EV-D68 and EV-A71. These viruses are typically spread through close contact with an infected person, or by consuming food or water contaminated with the virus.
While many people infected with enteroviruses may not experience any symptoms, some may develop mild to severe illnesses such as hand, foot and mouth disease, herpangina, meningitis, encephalitis, myocarditis, and paralysis (in case of poliovirus). Infection can occur in people of all ages, but young children are more susceptible to infection and severe illness.
Prevention measures include practicing good hygiene, such as washing hands frequently with soap and water, avoiding close contact with sick individuals, and not sharing food or drinks with someone who is ill. There are also vaccines available to prevent poliovirus infection.
Myocarditis is an inflammatory condition of the heart muscle, myocardium, which can impair its function and, if severe or persistent, lead to cardiac dysfunction, arrhythmias, or heart failure.
Myocarditis is an inflammation of the myocardium, which is the middle layer of the heart wall. The myocardium is composed of cardiac muscle cells and is responsible for the heart's pumping function. Myocarditis can be caused by various infectious and non-infectious agents, including viruses, bacteria, fungi, parasites, autoimmune diseases, toxins, and drugs.
In myocarditis, the inflammation can damage the cardiac muscle cells, leading to decreased heart function, arrhythmias (irregular heart rhythms), and in severe cases, heart failure or even sudden death. Symptoms of myocarditis may include chest pain, shortness of breath, fatigue, palpitations, and swelling in the legs, ankles, or abdomen.
The diagnosis of myocarditis is often based on a combination of clinical presentation, laboratory tests, electrocardiogram (ECG), echocardiography, cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and endomyocardial biopsy. Treatment depends on the underlying cause and severity of the disease and may include medications to support heart function, reduce inflammation, control arrhythmias, and prevent further damage to the heart muscle. In some cases, hospitalization and intensive care may be necessary.
CAV-R, or Coxsackievirus and Adenovirus Receptor, is a membrane protein that serves as a common receptor for multiple serotypes of Coxsackie B viruses and many adenoviruses, facilitating their entry into host cells through binding to its extracellular domain.
The Coxsackie and Adenovirus Receptor (CAR) is a transmembrane protein that serves as a receptor for several viruses, including Coxsackieviruses and certain types of Adenoviruses. The "Coxsackie and Adenovirus Receptor-Like Membrane Protein" likely refers to a membrane protein that shares structural or functional similarities with the CAR protein.
The CAR protein is a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily and is widely expressed in various tissues, including the heart, lungs, and nervous system. It plays important roles in cell adhesion, tissue development, and repair, as well as serving as an entry point for certain viruses to infect cells.
The CAR-like membrane protein may have similar functions or structures to the CAR protein, but its specific identity and role are not clearly defined in the medical literature. It is possible that it could be a target for viral infection or play a role in cellular processes, but further research is needed to confirm these possibilities.
Enterovirus Infections are acute viral illnesses caused by various Enterovirus serotypes, primarily transmitted through the fecal-oral route, manifesting as a wide range of clinical symptoms, from asymptomatic or mild self-limiting fever to severe and potentially life-threatening conditions, such as meningitis, encephalitis, myocarditis, and neonatal sepsis-like illness, depending on the age, immune status, and serotype of the infected individual.
Enterovirus infections are viral illnesses caused by enteroviruses, which are a type of picornavirus. These viruses commonly infect the gastrointestinal tract and can cause a variety of symptoms depending on the specific type of enterovirus and the age and overall health of the infected individual.
There are over 100 different types of enteroviruses, including polioviruses, coxsackieviruses, echoviruses, and newer enteroviruses such as EV-D68 and EV-A71. Some enterovirus infections may be asymptomatic or cause only mild symptoms, while others can lead to more severe illnesses.
Common symptoms of enterovirus infections include fever, sore throat, runny nose, cough, muscle aches, and skin rashes. In some cases, enteroviruses can cause more serious complications such as meningitis (inflammation of the membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord), encephalitis (inflammation of the brain), myocarditis (inflammation of the heart muscle), and paralysis.
Enterovirus infections are typically spread through close contact with an infected person, such as through respiratory droplets or fecal-oral transmission. They can also be spread through contaminated surfaces or objects. Preventive measures include good hygiene practices, such as washing hands frequently and avoiding close contact with sick individuals.
There are no specific antiviral treatments for enterovirus infections, and most cases resolve on their own within a few days to a week. However, severe cases may require hospitalization and supportive care, such as fluids and medication to manage symptoms. Prevention efforts include vaccination against poliovirus and surveillance for emerging enteroviruses.
Hand, foot and mouth disease is a mild, contagious viral infection commonly seen in children, characterized by fever, sore throat, and painful, non-itchy mouth sores followed by rash on hands, feet and sometimes buttocks.
Hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) is a mild, contagious viral infection common in infants and children but can sometimes occur in adults. The disease is often caused by coxsackievirus A16 or enterovirus 71.
The name "hand, foot and mouth" comes from the fact that blister-like sores usually appear in the mouth (and occasionally on the buttocks and legs) along with a rash on the hands and feet. The disease is not related to foot-and-mouth disease (also called hoof-and-mouth disease), which affects cattle, sheep, and swine.
HFMD is spread through close personal contact, such as hugging and kissing, or through the air when an infected person coughs or sneezes. It can also be spread by touching objects and surfaces that have the virus on them and then touching the face. People with HFMD are most contagious during the first week of their illness but can still be contagious for weeks after symptoms go away.
There is no specific treatment for HFMD, and it usually resolves on its own within 7-10 days. However, over-the-counter pain relievers and fever reducers may help alleviate symptoms. It's important to encourage good hygiene practices, such as handwashing and covering the mouth and nose when coughing or sneezing, to prevent the spread of HFMD.
Coxsackie A virus
May 2012). "Human SCARB2-dependent infection by coxsackievirus A7, A14, and A16 and enterovirus 71". Journal of Virology. 86 ( ... Yu, Weiming; Tellier, Raymond; Wright, James R. (2015). "Coxsackie Virus A16 Infection of Placenta with Massive Perivillous ... Sharma V, Rohrbough SN, Goessling LS, Brar AK, Eghtesady P (2019-11-19). "Abstract 17090: Perinatal Coxsackievirus B4 Infection ... Modlin JF (June 1988). "Perinatal echovirus and group B coxsackievirus infections". Clinics in Perinatology. 15 (2): 233-46. ...
CXB3S
"Human astrocytic cells support persistent coxsackievirus B3 infection". Journal of Virology. 87 (22): 12407-21. doi:10.1128/JVI ... Coxsackie virus B3 sensitivity is a protein that is encoded by the CXB3S gene in human beings. Its lineage is: Catarrhini, ... "CXB3S coxsackie virus B3 sensitivity [Homo sapiens (human)] - Gene - NCBI". www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2018-11-11. "Entrez ... "coxsackievirus a24 variant: Topics by Science.gov". www.science.gov. Retrieved 2018-11-11. "Biology, Geography & Health ...
Coxsackievirus
Coxsackieviruses share many characteristics with poliovirus. With control of poliovirus infections in much of the world, more ... The coxsackieviruses subsequently were found to cause a variety of infections, including epidemic pleurodynia (Bornholm disease ... 2004). "Evidence for Coxsackievirus Infection in Primary Sjogren's Syndrome". Arthritis & Rheumatism. 50 (9): 2897-2902. doi: ... Dalldorf G, Gifford R (January 1954). "Susceptibility of gravid mice to Coxsackie virus infection". J. Exp. Med. 99 (1): 21-7. ...
Enterovirus
"Persistent Coxsackievirus Infection: Enterovirus Persistence in Chronic Myocarditis and Dilated Cardiomyopathy". Group B ... and coxsackievirus A15 is the same serotype as coxsackievirus A11 and coxsackievirus A18 is the same serotype as coxsackievirus ... Chapman, N. M.; Kim, K. S. (2008). "Persistent coxsackievirus infection: enterovirus persistence in chronic myocarditis and ... Enterovirus B includes coxsackievirus B1,2,3,4,5,6; coxsackievirus A9; echovirus 1-33 and enterovirus B69-113. Coxsackie B ...
Keshan disease
Ren LQ, Li XJ, Li GS, Zhao ZT, Sun B, Sun F (November 2004). "Coxsackievirus B3 infection and its mutation in Keshan disease". ... Beck MA, Levander OA, Handy J (May 2003). "Selenium deficiency and viral infection". J. Nutr. 133 (5 Suppl 1): 1463S-7S. doi: ... Current research suggests that the lack of selenium results in a more virulent strain of the coxsackievirus becoming the ... In addition, an individual can experience eczema, psoriasis, arthritis, cataracts, alcoholism, and infections.[citation needed ...
Bornholm disease
"Clinical features of coxsackievirus A4, B3, and B4 infections in children". PLOS ONE. 9 (2): e87391. Bibcode:2014PLoSO... ... The chest x-ray showed bilateral pleural effusions which resolved after infection. The erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and ... Schmidt NJ, Magoffin RL, Lennette EH (September 1973). "Association of group B coxsackie viruses with cases of pericarditis, ... An outbreak associated with coxsackievirus B1". JAMA. 270 (18): 2205-6. doi:10.1001/jama.270.18.2205. PMID 8411604. Weller, TH ...
Coxsackie B virus
"Persistent Coxsackievirus Infection: Enterovirus Persistence in Chronic Myocarditis and Dilated Cardiomyopathy". Group B ... Coxsackie B infections have been reported to account for nearly a quarter of all enterovirus infections. Nearly half of all ... Chapman, N. M.; Kim, K. S. (2008). "Persistent coxsackievirus infection: enterovirus persistence in chronic myocarditis and ... Coxsackie B3 (CB3) infections are the most common enterovirus cause of myocarditis and sudden cardiac death. CB3 infection ...
Coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor
"Antiviral effect of Bosentan and Valsartan during coxsackievirus B3 infection of human endothelial cells". The Journal of ... "Effect of lovastatin on coxsackievirus B3 infection in human endothelial cells". Inflammation Research. 63 (4): 267-76. doi: ... "Interaction of coxsackievirus B3 with the full length coxsackievirus-adenovirus receptor". Nature Structural Biology. 8 (10): ... Coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor (CAR) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CXADR gene. The protein encoded by ...
Delayed puberty
Acquired diseases include mumps orchitis, Coxsackievirus B infection, irradiation, chemotherapy, or trauma; all problems ...
Edwin Herman Lennette
"Fatal Infection in an Infant Associated with Coxsackie Virus Group A, Type 16". New England Journal of Medicine. 268 (19): 1041 ... Schmidt, N. J.; Ho, H. H.; Lennette, E. H. (1975). "Propagation and isolation of group a coxsackieviruses in RD cells". Journal ... Lennette, E. H.; Koprowski, H. (1944). "Influence of age on the susceptibility of mice to infection with certain neurotropic ... Lennette and Koprowski published important findings on the influences of murine age on several murine viral infections and on ...
ULK1
November 2020). "Coxsackievirus infection induces a non-canonical autophagy independent of the ULK and PI3K complexes". ... Coxsackievirus B3 viral proteinase 3C can proteolytically process ULK1 by cleaving after glutamine (Q) residue 524, separating ...
SCAR-Fc
Herzum M, Ruppert V, Küytz B, Jomaa H, Nakamura I, Maisch B (July 1994). "Coxsackievirus B3 infection leads to cell death of ... sCAR-Fc (Soluble Receptor Analogue) is an experimental prophylactic treatment against coxsackievirus B3 (CVB) infections. ... September 2009). "Combination of soluble coxsackievirus-adenovirus receptor and anti-coxsackievirus siRNAs exerts synergistic ... April 2004). "Soluble recombinant coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor abrogates coxsackievirus b3-mediated pancreatitis and ...
Endocardial fibroelastosis
They followed a series of epidemics of Coxsackie virus infection in their part of France. After each epidemic there were ... Jan 1997). "Viral infection of the myocardium in endocardial fibroelastosis. Molecular evidence for the role of mumps virus as ... They were able to culture Coxsackie virus from the tissues of many of the cases at all stages of this apparent progression. A ... Evidence gradually accumulated as to the role of infection as one such type of stress. The studies of Fruhling and colleagues ...
Herpangina
... is a painful mouth infection caused by coxsackieviruses. Usually, herpangina is produced by one particular strain of coxsackie ... virus A (and the term "herpangina virus" refers to coxsackievirus A), but it can also be caused by coxsackievirus B or ...
Selenium deficiency
... in combination with Coxsackievirus infection can lead to Keshan disease, which is potentially fatal. ...
Coxsackie B4 virus
Infection can lead to beta cell apoptosis which increases the risk of insulitis. Coxsackievirus B4 is one of the six serotypes ... 2012). "Outcome of challenge with coxsackievirus B4 in young mice after maternal infection with the same virus during gestation ... A 2004 systematic review analyzing a possible association between coxsackievirus B infection and type 1 diabetes was ... Coxsackieviruses have two groups, A and B, each associated with different diseases. Coxsackievirus group A is known for causing ...
STAT2
Some patients had also an onset of severe disease in infancy like infection with RSV, norovirus, coxsackievirus, adenovirus or ... CMV and VZV infections were severe as well in few patients. The virus infection was treated by high-dose of intravenous ... Therefore complete AR STAT2 deficiency usually causes disseminated LAV infection and recurrent natural viral infections. ... From the age 5 years, the frequency and severity of viral infections decreased and the age of 10 years the patients were mostly ...
Chest pain
Pericarditis: This condition can be the result of viral infection such as coxsackie virus and echovirus, tuberculosis, ...
SORBS1
In a mouse model of viral myocarditis due to Coxsackievirus infection, CAP/Ponsin stabilized antiviral type I interferon ...
Coxsackievirus-induced cardiomyopathy
In chronic murine infection, the percentage of infected cardiomyocytes are much lower. Unlike in the DMD, in coxsackievirus ... In a mouse model, at the acute stage (7 days after infection with coxsackievirus B3) approximately 10% of the myocytes are ... Coxsackievirus shows a cardiac tropism partly due to the high expression of coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptors (CAR) in ... acute enterovirus infections such as Coxsackievirus B3 have been identified as the cause of virally induced acute myocarditis, ...
Hand, foot, and mouth disease
... severe and are more likely to have neurologic or cardiac complications including death than infections caused by Coxsackievirus ... Coxsackievirus A16 is the most common cause of HFMD. Enterovirus 71 (EV-71) is the second-most common cause. Many other strains ... Other strains of coxsackievirus and enterovirus can also be responsible. Some people may carry and pass on the virus despite ... Infection in older children, adolescents, and adults is typically mild and lasts approximately 1 week, but may occasionally run ...
Vertically transmitted infection
... herpes simplex virus-2 or neonatal herpes simplex Other infections include: Parvovirus B19 Coxsackievirus Chickenpox (caused by ... For many infections, the baby is more at risk at particular stages of pregnancy. Problems related to perinatal infection are ... A vertically transmitted infection is an infection caused by pathogenic bacteria or viruses that use mother-to-child ... The term congenital infection can be used if the vertically transmitted infection persists after childbirth.[citation needed] ...
Diabetes
... syndrome Hyperthyroidism Hypothyroidism Pheochromocytoma Glucagonoma Infections Cytomegalovirus infection Coxsackievirus B ... Diabetic animals are more prone to infections. The long-term complications recognized in humans are much rarer in animals. The ... Petzold A, Solimena M, Knoch KP (October 2015). "Mechanisms of Beta Cell Dysfunction Associated With Viral Infection". Current ... such as a viral infection or diet. Several viruses have been implicated, but to date there is no stringent evidence to support ...
Palmar erythema
Eczema and psoriasis Deep telangiectasias Coxsackievirus A infection (Hand, foot and mouth disease) Rocky Mountain spotted ...
Telethonin
... suggesting that Telethonin may be involved in the mechanism underlying Coxsackievirus B3 infection in acute and chronic ... "Proapoptotic protein Siva binds to the muscle protein telethonin in cardiomyocytes during coxsackieviral infection". ... "Proapoptotic protein Siva binds to the muscle protein telethonin in cardiomyocytes during coxsackieviral infection". ...
Heart
This condition typically causes chest pain that may spread to the back, and is often caused by a viral infection (glandular ... fever, cytomegalovirus, or coxsackievirus). Fluid can build up within the pericardial sac, referred to as a pericardial ... but may also be caused by infection of the heart valves (endocarditis). In some parts of the world rheumatic heart disease is a ... and to protect the heart from infection. Heart tissue, like all cells in the body, needs to be supplied with oxygen, nutrients ...
Blueberry muffin baby
The condition can occur following infection of an unborn baby with rubella, cytomegalovirus, toxoplasmosis, or coxsackie virus ... Other TORCH infections that can cause this rash include cytomegalovirus, herpes virus, and toxoplasma. Blood disorders, such as ... Syphilis: bacterial TORCH infection due to Treponema pallidum. Congenital syphilis can present with saber shins, saddle-shaped ... Rubella: viral TORCH infection associated with post-auricular and occipital lymphadenopathy in addition to a maculopapular rash ...
BPIFB3
... may be involved in responses to viral infections such as the enteroviruses coxsackievirus B and poliovirus in epithelial ... and influences the replication of coxsackievirus B; when BPIFB3 is knocked out in experimental systems coxsackievirus B ... Like other BPI-fold family members involved in defense from infection, ... "BPIFB3 regulates autophagy and coxsackievirus B replication through a noncanonical pathway independent of the core initiation ...
Oral mucosa
Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease: A highly contagious viral infection which infects young children and is caused by Coxsackie ... Oral fungal infections are most commonly caused by different Candida species such as Candida Albicans, Candida Glabrata and ... Chicken Pox: A type of viral infection which is caused by Varicella Zoster Virus and presents in children. Numerous itchy ... They may be mistaken for papilloma or verrucous leukoplakia but are benign (1). Syphilis- Bacterial infection which is usually ...
Pericardium
Pericarditis is often caused by a viral infection (glandular fever, cytomegalovirus, or coxsackievirus), or more rarely with a ... The pericardium sets the heart in mediastinum and limits its motion, protects it from infection, lubricates it and prevents ... It separates the heart from interference of other structures, protects it against infection and blunt trauma, and lubricates ... bacterial infection, but may also occur following a myocardial infarction. Pericarditis is usually a short-lived condition that ...
Coxsackievirus A21, Enterovirus 68, and Acute Respiratory Tract Infection, China - Volume 18, Number 5-May 2012 - Emerging...
Coxsackievirus A21, Enterovirus 68, and Acute Respiratory Tract Infection, China. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 2012;18(5):821- ... Coxsackievirus A21, Enterovirus 68, and Acute Respiratory Tract Infection, China On This Page ... Coxsackievirus A21, Enterovirus 68, and Acute Respiratory Tract Infection, China. Emerg Infect Dis. 2012;18(5):821-824. https ... Coxsackievirus A21, Enterovirus 68, and Acute Respiratory Tract Infection, China. Volume 18, Number 5-May 2012 ...
Infections with Coxsackie virus B5 in six midwestern States
"Infections with Coxsackie virus B5 in six midwestern States" 73, no. 6 (1958). Chin, Tom D. Y. et al. "Infections with ... 1958). Infections with Coxsackie virus B5 in six midwestern States. 73(6). Chin, Tom D. Y. and Greene, John C. and Wenner, ... Title : Infections with Coxsackie virus B5 in six midwestern States Personal Author(s) : Chin, Tom D. Y.;Greene, John C.;Wenner ... Coxsackie virus B5 in six midwestern States" vol. 73, no. 6, 1958. Export RIS Citation Information.. ...
Coxsackieviruses: Background, Pathophysiology, Epidemiology
Coxsackieviruses belong to the family Picornaviridae and the genus Enterovirus, which also includes poliovirus and echovirus. ... The CDC found that coxsackievirus infections accounted for approximately 25% of all neonatal enterovirus infections (26,737) ... 4] Coxsackieviruses have been identified in the respiratory tract up to 3 weeks after initial infection and in feces up to 8 ... Coxsackievirus infections occur in all age groups but are more common in young children and infants. Children are at higher ...
Hand-foot-mouth disease: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia
Hand-foot-mouth disease is a common viral infection that most often begins in the throat. ... Hand-foot-mouth disease is a common viral infection that most often begins in the throat. ... Antibiotics do not work because the infection is caused by a virus. (Antibiotics treat infections caused by bacteria, not ... Coxsackieviruses, echoviruses, and numbered enteroviruses (EV-A71, EVD-68, EVD-70). In: Bennett JE, Dolin R, Blaser MJ, eds. ...
Detection of Coxsackievirus B3 RNA in myocardial tissues by the polymerase chain reaction
A method for the detection of coxsackievirus B3 RNA was developed using the polymerase chain reaction based on the ... Coxsackievirus B3 is a possible etiologic agent in some forms of myocarditis and idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. ... Coxsackievirus Infections / genetics * Coxsackievirus Infections / metabolism * Enterovirus B, Human / genetics* * Humans * ... Detection of Coxsackievirus B3 RNA in myocardial tissues by the polymerase chain reaction Am J Pathol. 1991 Feb;138(2):497-503. ...
Precautions | Appendix A | Isolation Precautions | Guidelines Library | Infection Control | CDC
Enteroviral infections (i.e., Group A and B Coxsackie viruses and Echo viruses) (excludes polio virus) ... Infection/Condition. Type of Precaution. Duration of Precaution. Precautions/Comments. Urinary tract infection (including ... Infection/Condition. Type of Precaution. Duration of Precaution. Precautions/Comments. Parainfluenza virus infection, ... Infection/Condition. Type of Precaution. Duration of Precaution. Precautions/Comments. Ebola virus (see Viral Hemorrhagic ...
Coxsackievirus infection in the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes: Linking environmental triggers and autoimmune mechanisms. |...
Infection par le Coxsackievirus B dans la pathogenèse du diabète de type 1 : lier les déclencheurs environnementaux et les ... Infections by Enteroviruses such as Coxsackievirus B (CVB) are candidate triggers of type 1 diabetes (T1D). Both a temporal ... Coxsackievirus infection in the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes: Linking environmental triggers and autoimmune mechanisms. ... Coxsackievirus infection in the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes: Linking environmental triggers and autoimmune mechanisms. ...
Coxsackie A virus - Wikipedia
May 2012). "Human SCARB2-dependent infection by coxsackievirus A7, A14, and A16 and enterovirus 71". Journal of Virology. 86 ( ... Yu, Weiming; Tellier, Raymond; Wright, James R. (2015). "Coxsackie Virus A16 Infection of Placenta with Massive Perivillous ... Sharma V, Rohrbough SN, Goessling LS, Brar AK, Eghtesady P (2019-11-19). "Abstract 17090: Perinatal Coxsackievirus B4 Infection ... Modlin JF (June 1988). "Perinatal echovirus and group B coxsackievirus infections". Clinics in Perinatology. 15 (2): 233-46. ...
Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease (for Parents) - Nemours KidsHealth
... is a common viral infection that causes painful red blisters in the mouth and throat, and on the hands, feet, and diaper area. ... The coxsackievirus causes most HFM infections.. HFM is contagious and easily spreads through contact with unwashed hands, feces ... Infections are common in childcare centers, preschools, schools, summer camps, and other places where kids are close together. ... Hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFM) is a common viral infection that causes painful red blisters in the mouth and throat, and ...
Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease (for Parents) - Cook Children's
... is a common viral infection that causes painful red blisters in the mouth and throat, and on the hands, feet, and diaper area. ... The coxsackievirus causes most HFM infections.. HFM is contagious and easily spreads through contact with unwashed hands, feces ... Infections are common in childcare centers, preschools, schools, summer camps, and other places where kids are close together. ... Hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFM) is a common viral infection that causes painful red blisters in the mouth and throat, and ...
Endogenous low-level expression of the coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor enables coxsackievirus B3 infection of RD cells -...
Atypical hand, foot, and mouth disease associated with coxsackievirus A6 infection, Edinburgh, United Kingdom, January to...
Sore Throat in Babies and Toddlers: Symptoms, Causes & Treatment
KidsHealth From Nemours, Coxsackievirus Infections, September 2017. , Show in the article*National Institutes of Health, ... Trusted SourceKidsHealth From NemoursCoxsackievirus InfectionsSee All Sources [2] One of the hallmark signs is mouth and throat ... A bacterial infection, strep is typically marked in kids older than 3 by throat soreness and trouble swallowing, tonsils that ... A sore throat is one symptom that can accompany a COVID-19 infection. Your child may also have a fever, cough, shortness of ...
Dr. Julie Tomberlin
How to treat a coxsackie virus infection on genitals?. Dr. Julie Tomberlinanswered ... This could be a urinary tract infection or some other pelvic infection. Get checked by your doctor right away.. Created for ... This could be a serious allergic reaction or infection. It is important to have it evaluated by your doctor or dermatologist. ... It may be something as simple as an ingrown hair but could be a more serious infection.. Created for people with ongoing ...
Advanced Search Results - Public Health Image Library(PHIL)
autoimmune disease of cardiovascular system - Ontology Report - Rat Genome Database
Magic Mouthwash: What Is it, Ingredients & Effectiveness
Hand, foot, and mouth disease. This viral infection is caused by the coxsackievirus, and it spreads easily. Hand, foot, and ... You may get mouth sores or blisters because of cancer treatments or an infection. This condition is called oral (mouth) ... an antifungal medication to prevent or stop a fungal infection, such as nystatin ... an antibiotic to prevent or stop a bacterial infection, such as tetracycline ...
Microorganisms | December 2021 - Browse Articles
This article belongs to the Special Issue Coxsackievirus Infection and Associated Diseases). ... Background: Enterovirus (EV) infections are associated with a broad range of diseases. Since the first experimental infection ... Background: Enterovirus (EV) infections are associated with a broad range of diseases. Since the first experimental infection ... Primary Site of Coxsackievirus B Replication in the Small Intestines: No Proof of Peyers Patches Involvement by Shubhada ...
Hand-foot-and-mouth disease: Signs and symptoms
How long does a sore throat last? Causes, duration, and treatment
cause of HFMD is infection with an enterovirus called coxsackievirus A16.. According to the CDC, HFMD is common among infants ... A viral infection can lower the bodys resistance to bacterial infections. As such, doctors may sometimes prescribe antibiotics ... the most common cause of a sore throat is a viral infection. Some viruses and viral diseases that may cause a sore throat ... Sometimes, a sore throat is not due to an infection. Other possible causes include:. 1. Smoking. Smoking or exposure to ...
Pure B-Cell Disorders: Practice Essentials, Pathophysiology, Epidemiology
It is frequently related to Enterovirus or coxsackievirus infection and, less commonly, to measles and papovavirus. ... Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection transmission is much less common now than in the past. Most HCV RNA-positive patients ... A small subset of patients without HCV, HBV, or HGV infection has a particularly severe course; in most, granulomatous disease ... Hyper-IgE syndrome with recurrent infections--an autosomal dominant multisystem disorder. N Engl J Med. 1999 Mar 4. 340(9):692- ...
Enterovirus dysregulates islet miRNAs | Nature Reviews Endocrinology
Coxsackievirus B5 infection induces dysregulation of microRNAs predicted to target known type 1 diabetes risk genes in human ... Human pancreatic islets infected in vitro with coxsackievirus B5 (CVB5, a common serotype of the coxsackievirus B subtype of ... However, by 4 days after infection, expression of 19 miRNAs was reduced in islets infected with CVB5. After 7 days, 12 miRNAs ... "Many viruses ... alter the function of host miRNAs and enterovirus infection disrupts the activity of multiple miRNAs in rodent ...
Viral Infections of the Mouth: Overview, Human Herpesvirus, Human Papillomavirus
... families cause the most common primary viral infections of the oral cavity. HPV infections have received particular attention ... This article discusses viral conditions of the oral cavity, including HHV infection, HPV infection, coxsackievirus infection, ... group B coxsackieviruses, and echoviruses. Group A coxsackieviruses comprise 23 serotypes, and group B coxsackieviruses ... Infections - Parainfluenza 3 virus, coxsackievirus, influenza A virus, CMV, Staphylococcus aureus (suppurative parotitis), or ...
Pancreatic disorders | PPT
Viral infections, such as coxsackievirus b infection • Alcoholism • Toxicities of drugs • Pancreatitis also occurs after ERCP ... Wound infection - monitor temperature and assess wounds • Bowel obstruction - check for bowel sounds and stools • Intra ... A pancreatic abscess is a collection of pus resulting from tissue necrosis, liquefaction, and infection. "Wikipedia ... Infection • Obstruction of the bowel, biliary tract, or splenic vein • Abscess • Fistula formation • Pancreatic ascites ...
Publications
Low-dose mercury heightens early innate response to coxsackievirus infection in female mice. Inflamm Res. 2015 Jan; 64(1):31-40 ... TLR3 deficiency induces chronic inflammatory cardiomyopathy in resistant mice following coxsackievirus B3 infection: role for ... Sex differences in coxsackievirus B3-induced myocarditis: IL-12Rbeta1 signaling and IFN-gamma increase inflammation in males ... Coxsackievirus-induced myocarditis in mice: a model of autoimmune disease for studying immunotoxicity. Methods. 2007 Jan; 41(1 ...
Islet autoimmunity in human type 1 diabetes: initiation and progression from the perspective of the beta cell | Diabetologia
Nekoua MP, Alidjinou EK, Hober D (2022) Persistent coxsackievirus B infection and pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes mellitus. Nat ... While a potential environmental triggering event could plausibly consist of persistent enteroviral infection, it is important ... study support the view that the development of islet autoimmunity is associated with chronic enteroviral B infection [31]. New ... Islet expression of type I interferon response sensors is associated with immune infiltration and viral infection in type 1 ...
Herpetic Whitlow - Musculoskeletal and Connective Tissue Disorders - Merck Manuals Professional Edition
or other viral infections in the hand (eg, coxsackievirus). The condition is self-limited but may recur. ... The intense pain can simulate a felon Felon A felon is an infection of the pulp space of the fingertip, usually with ... Herpetic whitlow can also mimic paronychia Acute Paronychia Paronychia is infection of the periungual tissues. Acute paronychia ... Before incising a suspected felon or paronychia, consider viral infections such as herpetic whitlow, which should not be ...
Provention Bio Initiates First-in-Human Study of Coxsackievirus B Vaccine Candidate PRV-101 | Vaccines | News Channels
Provention Bio Initiates First-in-Human Study of Coxsackievirus B Vaccine Candidate PRV-101 ... About Coxsackievirus B (CVB) Infection and Immunity:. CVB is a common, potentially serious infection that damages insulin- ... PRV-101 is an investigational polyvalent vaccine being developed for the prevention of acute coxsackievirus B (CVB) infection ... PROtocol for coxsackievirus VaccinE in healthy voluNTeers), a first-in-human study of its polyvalent inactivated coxsackievirus ...
Dermatologic Manifestations of Hand-Foot-and-Mouth Disease Clinical Presentation: History, Physical Examination, Complications
Most commonly, the etiologic agents are coxsackieviruses, members of the Picornaviridae family. ... More recently, in large outbreaks of HFMD related to coxsackievirus A6 infection, patients experienced more widespread lesions ... Enteroviral infections may also cause myocarditis, pneumonia, meningoencephalitis, and even death. Infection in the first ... MicroRNA expression profile in exosome discriminates extremely severe infections from mild infections for hand, foot and mouth ...
Deaconess - Your Health - Resources, Information, and Help
Hand-foot-and-mouth disease is a viral infection most commonly caused by coxsackievirus. Although it can be seen in any age ... Ear Infections in Children. Dr. Jung Smith, Family Medicine Physician. Did you know that more than three out of four children ... Veronica M., Infection Prevention and Employee Health at The Womens Hospital Why should we immunize? The CDC recommends that ... Sexually Transmitted Infections: A Reality That Must Be Discussed. Rebecca Hopper, MD, Pediatrics/Internal Medicine, Deaconess ...
Viral InfectionsEnterovirusesEchovirusesSerotypeVirusesHFMDVaccineMeaslesImmunityAtypicalEtiologicSerotypesAsepticInfectiousAdenovirusAsymptomaticPicornaviridaeVaricella-zostePoliovirusAcute infectionCentersPolymerase chain reMumpsFecesBegins in the throatRecurrentPathogenMiceManifestationsContagiousRespiratoryMyocarditisEnterovirus infectionEnteroviral infectionCVB3NoninfectiousSymptomsSystemicPatientsHepatitisCoxsackie virusMetabolismCommon viral infectionMyositisPredominantAntibioticsTissuesSpreadsLesionsType 1 diabetSeleniumRarelyComplications
Viral Infections9
- Members of the human herpesvirus (HHV) and human papillomavirus (HPV) families cause the most common primary viral infections of the oral cavity. (medscape.com)
- Nonetheless, many other viral infections can affect the oral cavity in humans, either as localized or systemic infections. (medscape.com)
- See Cutaneous Manifestations of HIV Disease and Cutaneous Manifestations of Hepatitis C for information on these viral infections. (medscape.com)
- or other viral infections in the hand (eg, coxsackievirus). (merckmanuals.com)
- Before incising a suspected felon or paronychia, consider viral infections such as herpetic whitlow, which should not be incised. (merckmanuals.com)
- Rayman said: "Given the history of viral infections associated with selenium deficiency, we wondered whether the appearance of COVID-19 in China could possibly be linked to the belt of selenium deficiency that runs from the north-east to the south-west of the country. (ion.ac.uk)
- It is ironic, but not really surprising, that our continuous destruction of the global ecosystem is promoting the spread of viral infections (and various chronic degenerative diseases), that threaten humanity's domination of the planet. (life-enthusiast.com)
- Viral infections (especially infections with coxsackieviruses and echoviruses but also influenza, Epstein-Barr, varicella, hepatitis, mumps, and HIV viruses) are the commonest cause of acute pericarditis and probably are responsible for many cases classified as idiopathic. (health.am)
- Meningitis is the leading infectious syndrome that affects the central nervous system, and most cases are caused by viral infections, mainly enterovirus. (bvsalud.org)
Enteroviruses4
- With control of poliovirus infections in much of the world, more attention has been focused on understanding the nonpolio enteroviruses such as coxsackieviruses. (medscape.com)
- Infections by Enteroviruses such as Coxsackievirus B (CVB) are candidate triggers of type 1 diabetes (T1D). (institutcochin.fr)
- It results from infection with non-polio enteroviruses such as coxsackie viruses A16, A4, A5, A9, A10, B2 and B5 and enterovirus 71. (canada.ca)
- types of enteroviruses like coxsackieviruses. (cdc.gov)
Echoviruses2
- Coxsackie A virus (CAV) is a cytolytic Coxsackievirus of the Picornaviridae family, an enterovirus (a group containing the polioviruses, coxsackieviruses, and echoviruses). (wikipedia.org)
- Complications can lead to bronchiectasis, chronic sinus damage, and also chronic meningoencephalitis due to echoviruses and coxsackieviruses. (lu.se)
Serotype5
- Clusters of the rare serotype enterovirus 68 (EV68), which causes severe respiratory infections in children, have been recently reported in the Philippines ( 4 ) and Japan ( 5 ). (cdc.gov)
- To help clinicians and public health officials better understand the epidemiologic and clinical profiles of HEV respiratory infections, temporal and geographic patterns of circulation, especially the dynamics of HEV serotype shift, need to be determined. (cdc.gov)
- For 2 of the 3 years, coxsackievirus B1 was the predominant serotype. (medscape.com)
- Those due to coxsackievirus B4 were associated with a higher mortality rate than any other serotype. (medscape.com)
- The sensitivity of the technique was established at approximately 1 to 100 plaque-forming units of virus per gram of tissue, and the specificity was established as limited to the coxsackievirus B3 serotype among nine viruses tested. (nih.gov)
Viruses5
- Thus, during some years, these 2 viruses cause a substantial proportion of enterovirus-associated adult acute respiratory tract infections. (cdc.gov)
- Coxsackieviruses are nonenveloped viruses with linear single-stranded RNA. (medscape.com)
- [ 1 ] Coxsackieviruses are divided into group A and group B viruses based on early observations of their pathogenicity in mice. (medscape.com)
- However, coxsackievirus A16 has been one of the viruses recovered from cerebrospinal fluid in a small number of confirmed cases. (medscape.com)
- Antibiotics treat infections caused by bacteria, not viruses. (medlineplus.gov)
HFMD9
- The CDC reports coxsackievirus A16 as the virus most frequently isolated in hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD). (medscape.com)
- Hand-foot-mouth disease (HFMD) is most commonly caused by a virus called coxsackievirus A16. (medlineplus.gov)
- Since 2008, coxsackievirus A6 (CVA6) has been associated with several worldwide outbreaks of hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD). (wikipedia.org)
- In the United States, the most common cause of HFMD is infection with an enterovirus called coxsackievirus A16. (medicalnewstoday.com)
- A recent outbreak in Taiwan caused by coxsackievirus A6 showed patients with atypical HFMD presentations in which the patients presented with widespread, blistering mucocutaneous reactions mimicking a severe drug reaction or Stevens-Johnson syndrome. (medscape.com)
- An additional outbreak in the United States in 2011-2102 also caused by coxsackievirus A6 again showed atypical HFMD presentations in which the patients presented with a vesiculobullous and erosive eruption involving more than 10% of the body surface area. (medscape.com)
- It should be noted that infection with EV 71 may result in complications without producing clinically-evident HFMD. (canada.ca)
- The definition of atypical HFMD includes symptoms of acute viral infection with either of the following presentations: (1) maculopapular rashes presenting on the trunks, buttocks or facial areas, or (2) large vesicles or bullae on any sites of the body. (ntu.edu.tw)
- Conclusions: Coxsackievirus A6 infections may cause atypical manifestations of HFMD, including vesicles or papules on faces or bullae on trunks. (ntu.edu.tw)
Vaccine6
- PRVB ), a biopharmaceutical company dedicated to intercepting and preventing immune-mediated disease, today announced the initiation of PROVENT ( PRO tocol for coxsackievirus V accin E in healthy volu NT eers), a first-in-human study of its polyvalent inactivated coxsackievirus B (CVB) vaccine candidate, PRV-101. (pipelinereview.com)
- Ninaad Lasrado, graduate Student in the School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, will present a seminar titled "A live-attenuated mutant CVB3 vaccine protects against multiple Coxsackievirus group B infections. (unl.edu)
- It's important to keep in mind that these same heart conditions also occur in young people who are not vaccinated - and appear more likely to be caused by COVID-19 infection than from getting the vaccine. (connecticutchildrens.org)
- Plus, studies in the U.S. and Israel have shown that COVID-19 infection is actually much more likely to cause myocarditis than getting the vaccine. (connecticutchildrens.org)
- We also demonstrate that the vaccine provides immunity against acute CVB infections in mice, including CVB infections known to cause virus-induced myocarditis. (tuni.fi)
- Genotype analysis of ORF 62 identifies varicella-zoster virus infections caused by a vaccine strain in children. (cdc.gov)
Measles1
- Measles is a highly contagious viral infection that is most common among children. (msdmanuals.com)
Immunity2
- Innate, humoral and cell-mediated immunity all play a role in the body's response to enteroviral infection. (medscape.com)
- Lifelong immunity is conferred by infection. (msdmanuals.com)
Atypical1
- Atypical hand-foot-and-mouth disease associated with coxsackievirus A6 infection. (aad.org)
Etiologic2
- Coxsackievirus B3 is a possible etiologic agent in some forms of myocarditis and idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. (nih.gov)
- however, in most cases the clinical have a viral infection as the most common cause of results are not sufficient to allow a specific etiologic the disease3,5,13. (bvsalud.org)
Serotypes4
- During August 2006-April 2010, in Beijing, China, 2 rare human enterovirus serotypes, coxsackievirus A21 and enterovirus 68, were detected most frequently in human enterovirus-positive adults with acute respiratory tract infections. (cdc.gov)
- For instance, in France and Spain, echovirus 11 and echovirus 6 are the predominant serotypes in patients with enterovirus respiratory infections ( 2 , 3 ). (cdc.gov)
- We report that in some years in Beijing, People's Republic of China, the rarely reported coxsackievirus A21 (CVA21) and EV68 are the predominant serotypes in adults with enterovirus-associated acute respiratory tract infection (ARTI). (cdc.gov)
- From 2002-2004, an estimated 16.4-24.3% of these illnesses were attributed to coxsackievirus serotypes. (medscape.com)
Aseptic2
- Both group A and group B coxsackieviruses can cause nonspecific febrile illnesses, rashes, upper respiratory tract disease, and aseptic meningitis . (medscape.com)
- Type B Coxsackieviruses (CVBs) are a common cause of acute and chronic myocarditis, dilated cardiomyopathy and aseptic meningitis. (tuni.fi)
Infectious4
- Infectious mononucleosis , or "mono," is the medical term for a group of symptoms that typically result from infection with the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) . (medicalnewstoday.com)
- HHV-4, also known as Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), causes the primary infection infectious mononucleosis , and it is implicated in various diseases, such as African Burkitt lymphoma , other immunoproliferative disorders, and nasopharyngeal carcinoma. (medscape.com)
- Address reprint requests to Mailstop E-69, Hospital Infections Program, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333. (cdc.gov)
- and the Director, National Center for Infectious Diseases, regarding the practice of hospital infection control and strategies for surveillance, prevention, and control of nosocomial infections in US hospitals. (cdc.gov)
Adenovirus1
- La proteÃna puede intervenir en la adhesión célula-célula, y es el principal sitio de unión de los ADENOVIRUS durante la infección. (bvsalud.org)
Asymptomatic3
- In most individuals, infection is asymptomatic or causes only mild symptoms. (wikipedia.org)
- Infection is usually asymptomatic or associated with a mild non-specific illness. (canada.ca)
- Infection may be asymptomatic or have symptoms ranging from mild upper respiratory symptoms to acute respiratory. (msdmanuals.com)
Picornaviridae1
- Coxsackieviruses belong to the family Picornaviridae and the genus Enterovirus , which also includes poliovirus and echovirus. (medscape.com)
Varicella-zoste1
- HHV-3, also known as varicella-zoster virus (VZV), causes the primary infection chickenpox and the secondary reactivation disease herpes zoster. (medscape.com)
Poliovirus1
- Coxsackieviruses share many characteristics with poliovirus. (medscape.com)
Acute infection2
- HHV-6, which can produce acute infection in CD4 + T lymphocytes, causes roseola infantum , a febrile illness that affects young children. (medscape.com)
- No serologic evidence of acute infection was identified, and titers of immunoglobulin G remained elevated for 1 year following this third episode. (medscape.com)
Centers3
- Infections are common in childcare centers, preschools, schools, summer camps, and other places where kids are close together. (kidshealth.org)
- According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) , the most common cause of a sore throat is a viral infection. (medicalnewstoday.com)
- To assist hospitals in maintaining up-to-date isolation practices, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the Hospital Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee (1) (HICPAC) have revised the 'CDC Guideline for Isolation Precautions in Hospitals. (cdc.gov)
Polymerase chain re1
- A method for the detection of coxsackievirus B3 RNA was developed using the polymerase chain reaction based on the amplification of a cDNA copy of the positive-strand viral RNA. (nih.gov)
Mumps1
- It can also be secondary to viral infection (e.g. mumps , Coxsackie virus). (radiopaedia.org)
Feces1
- [ 4 ] Coxsackieviruses have been identified in the respiratory tract up to 3 weeks after initial infection and in feces up to 8 weeks after initial infection. (medscape.com)
Begins in the throat2
- Hand-foot-mouth disease is a common viral infection that most often begins in the throat. (medlineplus.gov)
- Hand-foot-and-mouth disease is a viral infection caused by Coxsackievirus that usually begins in the throat. (mountsinai.org)
Recurrent3
- Patients typically have recurrent infections and presentation and complications can vary depending upon where the defect has occurred in B-cell development or the degree of functional impairment. (medscape.com)
- They may be primary or recurrent infections. (medscape.com)
- Most patients with XLA develop recurrent bacterial infections, particularly otitis, sinusitis and pneumonia, in the first two years of life. (lu.se)
Pathogen2
- Eating foods grown in selenium-deficient soils, or having a prior infection by a selenium-encoding pathogen are factors which promote susceptibility to HIV infection and ultimately AIDS. (life-enthusiast.com)
- Streptococcus pyogenes is a major human-specific bacterial pathogen that causes a wide array of manifestations ranging from mild localized infections to life-threatening invasive infections. (nih.gov)
Mice1
- Moreover, cardiomyocyte Hmgb1-deficient mice are more susceptible to cardiac dysfunction after infection. (bvsalud.org)
Manifestations1
- This activity describes the bacterium Streptococcus pyogenes (S. pyogenes) and reviewed the epidemiology, clinical manifestations of S. pyogenes infections, evaluation, and management of clinical infections caused by S. pyogenes. (nih.gov)
Contagious1
- Infections caused by S. pyogenes are highly contagious. (nih.gov)
Respiratory5
- Coxsackieviruses primarily are transmitted via the fecal-oral route and respiratory aerosols, although transmission via fomites also is possible. (medscape.com)
- Caused by a virus, colds are respiratory illnesses that can't be treated with antibiotics unless they lead to a bacterial infection. (whattoexpect.com)
- Pericardial involvement often follows upper respiratory infection. (health.am)
- So, acute flaccid myelitis (or AFM for short) is an uncommon but serious neurologic condition that most often seems to occur after a viral upper respiratory infection. (cdc.gov)
- We also know that more than 90% of children with AFM had an upper respiratory infection consistent with a viral infection in the days before they developed AFM symptoms. (cdc.gov)
Myocarditis2
- An original research article, "Critical Cytokine Pathways to Cardiac Inflammation," by Noel Rose, PhD, The Johns Hopkins Schools of Medicine and Public Health (Baltimore, MD), describes a mouse model of autoimmune myocarditis -- inflammation of the heart muscles -- that is triggered by infection with Coxsackievirus B3. (sciencedaily.com)
- Coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3)-induced viral myocarditis (VMC) is characterized by immune cell infiltration and myocardial damage. (bvsalud.org)
Enterovirus infection3
- alter the function of host miRNAs and enterovirus infection disrupts the activity of multiple miRNAs in rodent pancreatic β cells. (nature.com)
- In total, 33 miRNAs were dysregulated by enterovirus infection - the majority were downregulated. (nature.com)
- These features could provide valuable information to distinguish this versatile enterovirus infection from other virus-induced vesiculobullous diseases. (ntu.edu.tw)
Enteroviral infection1
- The development of insulin-dependent diabetes (IDDM) has been associated with recent enteroviral infection, particularly coxsackievirus B infection. (medscape.com)
CVB31
- Hmgb1-deficient cardiomyocytes may promote early apoptosis via the p53-mediated Bax mitochondrial pathway, as evidenced by the higher localization of p53 protein in the cytosol of Hmgb1-deficient cardiomyocytes upon CVB3 infection. (bvsalud.org)
Noninfectious1
- Overview and Evaluation of Hand Disorders Common hand disorders include a variety of deformities, ganglia, infections, Kienböck disease, nerve compression syndromes, noninfectious tenosynovitis, and osteoarthritis. (merckmanuals.com)
Symptoms2
- Coxsackie A virus leads to a number of diseases, however the most common signs and symptoms that appear with infection are fever and flu-like symptoms, mouth sores, and skin rashes. (wikipedia.org)
- Outside of the symptoms, age is also taken into consideration as the most common age of infection is under five years of age. (wikipedia.org)
Systemic1
- Systemic neonatal disease often is associated with group B coxsackieviruses. (medscape.com)
Patients6
- Both a temporal correlation between CVB infection that precedes seroconversion of autoantibodies to β-cell antigens, and a spatial association of CVB with insulitis in pancreatic tissues from T1D patients have been observed. (institutcochin.fr)
- The only persistent infection significantly associated with the development of type 1 diabetes (T1D) and celiac autoimmunity, CVB has been found in the pancreas of ~60% of patients with T1D and the gut of ~20% of patients with celiac disease. (pipelinereview.com)
- The model allows researchers to study the cytokine pathways involved in this disease, with the goal of identifying chemical markers that could be used to predict patients more likely to experience an autoimmune reaction after infection. (sciencedaily.com)
- Bullous fluid aspirated from 2 patients also grew coxsackievirus A6. (ntu.edu.tw)
- Among the patients infected with coxsackievirus A6, 54% (45/81) had bullae, compared to 25% (5/20) of those having non-coxsackievirus A6 infections (P=0.02). (ntu.edu.tw)
- Approximately 20% of patients present with a dramatic, overwhelming infection, often with neutropenia . (lu.se)
Hepatitis3
- Hepatitis B is accompanied by liver infection, and in some cases, liver failure. (cliffsnotes.com)
- Infection with this type of hepatitis accompanies infection with hepatitis B virus because the delta antigen relies on hepatitis B virus for its replication. (cliffsnotes.com)
- hepatitis B infection for multiple sclerosis . (webmd.com)
Coxsackie virus3
- Title : Infections with Coxsackie virus B5 in six midwestern States Personal Author(s) : Chin, Tom D. Y.;Greene, John C.;Wenner, Herbert A. (cdc.gov)
- For young people, these conditions are often the result of a viral infection, including a common summer infection called coxsackie virus. (connecticutchildrens.org)
- The Coxsackie virus is an RNA virus also capable of causing intestinal infection. (cliffsnotes.com)
Metabolism1
- Selenium has critical roles in reproduction, thyroid hormone metabolism, DNA synthesis, and protection from oxidative damage and infection. (ion.ac.uk)
Common viral infection1
- Hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFM) is a common viral infection that causes painful red blisters in the mouth and throat, and on the hands, feet, and diaper area. (kidshealth.org)
Myositis2
- Group A coxsackieviruses were noted to cause a flaccid paralysis that was caused by generalized myositis, whereas group B coxsackieviruses were noted to cause a spastic paralysis due to focal muscle injury and degeneration of neuronal, pancreatic, and myocardial tissue. (medscape.com)
- [2] GAS can cause infection in muscle and fascia resulting in myositis and necrotizing fascitis usually following a mild trauma and can result in toxic shock syndrome. (nih.gov)
Predominant1
- The predominant destruction of β-cells by CVB, promoted by the spread of infection by filipodia, suggests that the triggering of anti-β-cell autoimmunity may involve a virus-mediated release of autoantigens rather than antiviral CD8+ T-cell responses, in the context of limited immune protection. (institutcochin.fr)
Antibiotics2
- Antibiotics do not work because the infection is caused by a virus. (medlineplus.gov)
- Untreated group A strep infections can lead to complications, such as rheumatic fever , and antibiotics may be necessary to prevent such complications. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Tissues2
- HHV-5, also known as cytomegalovirus (CMV), causes a primary infection of the salivary glands and other tissues, and it is believed to have a chronic form. (medscape.com)
- Acute Paronychia Paronychia is infection of the periungual tissues. (merckmanuals.com)
Spreads1
- This viral infection is caused by the coxsackievirus, and it spreads easily. (healthline.com)
Lesions1
- [2] Skin lesions have been identified as the most common predisposing factor for severe S. pyogenes infections. (nih.gov)
Type 1 diabet3
- Coxsackievirus infection in the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes: Linking environmental triggers and autoimmune mechanisms. (institutcochin.fr)
- Coxsackievirus B5 infection induces dysregulation of microRNAs predicted to target known type 1 diabetes risk genes in human pancreatic islets. (nature.com)
- Provention is developing PRV-101 for the prevention of acute CVB infection and the potential delay or prevention of type 1 diabetes (T1D) and celiac disease. (pipelinereview.com)
Selenium3
- Keshan disease (congestive cardiomyopathy which historically occurred in parts of China) is an example, resulting from selenium deficiency and Coxsackievirus infection. (ion.ac.uk)
- The genetic code of HIV includes a viral requirement for selenium, therefore HIV generally appears to restrict infection to individuals who are deficient in this trace element. (life-enthusiast.com)
- This is either because of a diet deficient in selenium, or prior infection by other selenium-encoding pathogens. (life-enthusiast.com)
Rarely1
- Orchitis (plural: orchitides) is an infection of the testis , which is rarely isolated, and when in conjunction with the epididymis is called epididymo-orchitis . (radiopaedia.org)
Complications1
- The disease is considered benign and self-limited but complications may arise, particularly when the illness results from infection with EV 71. (canada.ca)
