Crataegus
Illicium
Cryptocarya
Photinia
Effects of xiaoyu tablet on endothelin-1, nitric oxide, and apoptotic cells of atherosclerotic vessel wall in rabbits. (1/47)
AIM: To investigate the mechanism of xiaoyu tablet on reduction of smooth muscle cells (SMC) in atherosclerotic vessel wall. METHODS: The atherosclerotic model was performed in male New Zealand rabbits that were given high fat diet and abrasion of the abdominal aorta endothelial cells. The rabbits were then administered with xiaoyu tablet 0.16-0.32 g x kg(-1) x d(-1) for 16 weeks. Changes in morphology, endothelin (ET)-1, nitric oxide (NO), and apoptotic cells of atherosclerotic vessel wall were determined by the microscopy, radioimmunoassay, colorimetric method, the techniques of DNA in situ end labeling, and image pattern analysis, respectively. RESULTS: After 16 weeks of xiaoyu tablet treatment, intimal thickness and SMC in atherosclerotic vessel wall were diminished, ET-1 was decreased by 8.2 %-42.6 %, NO was increased by 7.5 %-54.2 %, and labeled apoptotic nuclei were markedly decreased, the area and integral optical density of positive granule were (846+/-308) microm2 and 3425+/-1374 in atherosclerotic group and (225+/-60) microm2 and 1445+/-606 in xiaoyu tablet 0.32 g/kg group, respectively. CONCLUSION: Xiaoyu tablet not only inhibited proliferation of SMC through reducing ET-1 in atherosclerotic vessel wall, but also induced apoptosis of SMC by increasing NO in vessel wall. (+info)Determination of flavones in Crataegus pinnatifida by capillary zone electrophoresis. (2/47)
A capillary electrophoretic method for the separation of four flavones in Crataegus pinnatifida is developed. The four flavones in Crataegus pinnatifida are separated on baseline within 15 min using 50mM borax buffer containing 15% acetonitrile and adjusted to pH 8.15 with phosphoric acid. The detection limits of vitexin-2"-rhamnoside, hyperside, rutin, and vitexin are 0.35, 0.30, 0.40 and, 0.29 microg/mL, respectively. The recovery of these flavones is as follows: vitexn-2"-rhamnoside 96.8%, hyperside 99.9%, rutin 97.1%, and vitexin 97.8%. The results are in accordance with those obtained in the high-performance liquid chromatography system. The content of flavones is higher in Crataegus pinnatifida leaves than in its fruits, and hyperside is not detected in either Crataegus pinnatifida fruits or flowers. (+info)The mathematical treatment of leaf venation: the variation in secondary vein length along the midrib. (3/47)
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: In some dicotyledonous leaves and leaflets, the secondary veins run more-or-less straight to the margins and have well-defined lengths. For a given half-lamina of length L, an equation, previously proposed, relates the lengths of these veins, p, to the distances, l, between the leaf tip and their insertions on the midrib: p = B2(x+y)l(x)(L - l)(y)/L(x+y-1), where B, x and y are fitted parameters. Aspects of the formula are re-examined, including its general applicability, significance and usefulness. METHODS: Length measurements were made on leaves of various dicotyledons, notably Ulmus glabra, U. procera, Alnus viridis, A. glutinosa, Corylus avellana and Crataegus monogyna. Equations were fitted by non-linear regression. KEY RESULTS: The equation has now been applied descriptively to 23 species of eight families, but it is sometimes preferable or necessary to replace the measured length, L, with a fourth parameter that may differ significantly from it. Within a given species, values of the indices x and y are positively correlated. Leaves of some U. glabra depart qualitatively from the general pattern. As an example of hypothesis testing, the equation was used to show that the retuse or emarginate leaf tips of A. glutinosa are not due to stunting. CONCLUSIONS; That the equation applies to many species suggests that the underlying processes of leaf growth are quantitatively similar. Although relevant knowledge of these is scant, consideration of mathematical relationships may help their elucidation. (+info)The procyanidin-induced pseudo laminar shear stress response: a new concept for the reversal of endothelial dysfunction. (4/47)
Reduced endothelium-dependent vasodilator responses with increased synthesis of ET-1 (endothelin-1) are characteristics of endothelial dysfunction in heart failure and are predictive of mortality. Identification of treatments that correct these abnormalities may have particular benefit for patients who become refractory to current regimens. Hawthorn preparations have a long history in the treatment of heart failure. Therefore we tested their inhibitory effects on ET-1 synthesis by cultured endothelial cells. These actions were compared with that of GSE (grape seed extract), as the vasoactive components of both these herbal remedies are mainly oligomeric flavan-3-ols called procyanidins. This showed extracts of hawthorn and grape seed were equipotent as inhibitors of ET-1 synthesis. GSE also produced a potent endothelium-dependent vasodilator response on preparations of isolated aorta. Suppression of ET-1 synthesis at the same time as induction of endothelium-dependent vasodilation is a similar response to that triggered by laminar shear stress. Based on these results and previous findings, we hypothesize that through their pharmacological properties procyanidins stimulate a pseudo laminar shear stress response in endothelial cells, which helps restore endothelial function and underlies the benefit from treatment with hawthorn extract in heart failure. (+info)Postzygotic isolating factor in sympatric speciation in Rhagoletis flies: reduced response of hybrids to parental host-fruit odors. (5/47)
Rhagoletis pomonella is a model for sympatric speciation (divergence without geographic isolation) by means of host-plant shifts. Many Rhagoletis species are known to use fruit odor as a key olfactory cue to distinguish among their respective host plants. Because Rhagoletis rendezvous on or near the unabscised fruit of their hosts to mate, behavioral preferences for fruit odor translate directly into premating reproductive isolation among flies. Here, we report that reciprocal F(1) hybrids between the apple and hawthorn host races of R. pomonella, as well as between the host races and an undescribed sibling species infesting Cornus florida (flowering dogwood) do not respond to host fruit volatiles in wind-tunnel assays at doses that elicit maximal directed flight in parental flies. The reduced ability of hybrids to orient to fruit volatiles could result from a conflict between neural pathways for preference and avoidance behaviors, and it suggests that hybrids might suffer a fitness disadvantage for finding fruit in nature. Therefore, host-specific mating may play a dual role as an important postzygotic as well as a premating reproductive barrier to isolate sympatric Rhagoletis flies. (+info)A peroxisome proliferator response elements regulatory system in xenopus oocytes and its application. (6/47)
BACKGROUND: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARgamma) is a kind of ligand-activated transcription factors binding to peroxisome proliferator response element (PPRE), a specific recognition site. It is thought to play a critical role in glucose and lipid metabolism and in inflammation control. The aim of this study was to establish a new cellular model for the quick screening of lipid-lowering drugs, which may be effective as PPAR-gamma ligands on the PPRE-mediated pathway regulatory system. METHODS: Two plasmids were constructed: pXOE-PPARgamma, in which the human PPARgamma gene was in the downstream of TFIIIA gene promoter, and pLXRN-PPRE-d2EGFP, in which the enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) gene was subcloned into PPRE. The xenopus oocytes were injected with these two plasmids, and consequently treated with prostaglandin E1, pioglitazone, and different kinds of lipid-lowering drugs. After 3 days, the oocytes were observed under a fluorescence microscope. To confirm the drug action,we injected pXOE-PPARgamma plasmid into the oocytes, which then treated with prostaglandin E1 and Hawthorn flavonoids. The mass of expressed lipoprotein lipase (LPL) in the cells was determined by enzyme labeling linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS: The expression of EGFP was only induced by prostagalandin E1, pioglitazone, Hawthorn flavonoids. A concentration-response relationship was seen between expressed EGFP and Hawthorn flavonoids. The levels of LPL in both Hawthorn flavonoids groups and PPARgamma ligand prostagalandin E1 group injected with pXOE-PPARgamma plasmid increased significantly (< 0.001) compared with controls, and a concentration-response relationship was observed between LPL mass and Hawthorn flavonoids. CONCLUSIONS: It is possible to establish a PPRE regulatory EGFP reporter system in xenopus oocytes to monitor the activity of PPARgamma ligand. Hawthorn flavonoids can increase the expression of gene downsteam of PPRE by effect on the PPRE pathway regulatory system. (+info)Regulation of lipoprotein lipase expression by effect of hawthorn flavonoids on peroxisome proliferator response element pathway. (7/47)
To investigate the possibility that natural medicines affect lipid metabolism by regulating lipoprotein lipase (LPL) expression, a green fluorescent protein (GFP) gene was constructed downstream of the peroxisome proliferator response element (PPRE) and the constructed plasmid was microinjected into Xenopus oocytes to establish a PPRE regulatory reporter system. Using this system, hawthorn flavonoids were quickly selected from a panel of natural medicines and found to up-regulate GFP expression by an effect on PPRE. To confirm the effect of hawthorn flavonoids, we treated mice orally with water (control), hawthorn flavonoids, and pioglitazone and measured the LPL levels in serum, adipose tissue, and muscle by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The serum LPL levels were no different from the controls after treatment with either hawthorn flavonoids or pioglitazone, but LPL increased significantly in muscular tissues and decreased in adipose tissues. These results demonstrate that hawthorn flavonoids meditate LPL expression in mice with tissue-specific differences. A novel PPRE regulatory report system was established for rapid and effective selection and evaluation of LPL-mediating drugs. (+info)Colorectal cancer and CHF - reviewing the evidence for complementary medicine. (8/47)
This is the third of a series of articles looking at the available evidence for complementary medicine. Physical activity is important in attenuating harmful effects of aging and the onset of chronic disease. Benefits of physical activity in preventing or delaying cardiovascular disease and managing obesity and arthritis have mainstream acceptance. However, evidence is emerging of the benefits of physical activity in other conditions such as cancer. (+info)'Crataegus' is a genus of plants in the family Rosaceae, commonly known as Hawthorns. These plants are native to Europe, Asia, and North America, and are characterized by their thorny branches and clusters of white or pink flowers that bloom in the spring. The fruit of these plants, which are small red or black berries, are often used in herbal medicine for treating heart-related conditions.
In a medical context, Crataegus is most commonly referred to as Hawthorn, and its medicinal uses are primarily related to cardiovascular health. Hawthorn extracts have been shown to improve circulation, lower blood pressure, and help regulate irregular heartbeats. It has also been used to treat anxiety and digestive issues.
It is important to note that while Hawthorn has a long history of use in traditional medicine, it should not be used as a substitute for conventional medical treatment. Before taking any herbal supplements, including Hawthorn, it is always best to consult with a healthcare provider.
"Illicium" is a botanical term that refers to a genus of plants, primarily found in Asia and parts of the Americas. Commonly known as "star anise," these plants produce a fruit that is widely used in cooking for its distinct licorice-like flavor, and in traditional medicine for its purported health benefits. However, it's important to note that the term "Illicium" itself is not a medical term, but a taxonomic one.
"Cryptocarya" is a genus of flowering plants in the family Lauraceae, which includes trees and shrubs that are native to tropical regions of the world. These plants have simple, alternate leaves and small flowers with both male and female reproductive structures. The fruits of many species are fleshy and drupel-like, containing a single seed.
The name "Cryptocarya" comes from the Greek words "kryptos," meaning hidden, and "karpos," meaning fruit, which refers to the fact that the fruits of some species are enclosed within fleshy structures or bracts.
It is important to note that "Cryptocarya" is not a medical term, but rather a taxonomic name used in botany to classify and describe a particular group of plants. While some species of Cryptocarya may have medicinal uses, the genus itself does not have a specific medical definition or application.
I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Photinia" is not a medical term. It is a genus of shrubs and small trees in the rose family, Rosaceae. The most commonly cultivated species is Photinia x fraseri, also known as Fraser photinia or Red Robin, which is often used in landscaping due to its attractive, glossy green leaves and clusters of white flowers followed by bright red berries.
If you have any medical concerns or questions, I would be happy to try to help with those.
'Allium' is a genus of plants that includes several species which are commonly used as vegetables or spices, such as onions, garlic, leeks, shallots, and chives. These plants are characterized by their distinctive strong smell and taste, which are caused by sulfur-containing compounds. They have been widely used in traditional medicine for their potential health benefits, including antibacterial, antiviral, and anti-inflammatory properties.
Crataegus
Crataegus × media
Crataegus laevigata
Crataegus viridis
Crataegus pulcherrima
Crataegus douglasii
Crataegus mollis
Crataegus rufula
Crataegus ambitiosa
Crataegus opaca
Crataegus columbiana
Crataegus fontanesiana
Crataegus ambigua
Crataegus dahurica
Crataegus heldreichii
Crataegus putnamiana
Crataegus lassa
Crataegus visenda
Crataegus pycnoloba
Crataegus coccinea
Crataegus hupehensis
Crataegus saligna
Crataegus macrosperma
Crataegus ucrainica
Crataegus chrysocarpa
Crataegus scabrida
Crataegus pratensis
Crataegus flabellata
Crataegus sanguinea
Crataegus orientalis
Crataegus - Wikipedia
Crataegus lavelli | Old House Web
Crataegus Species - The Hawthorns
Crataegus microphylla - Wikispecies
Structure prune Crataegus
Crataegus gemosa Haw PFAF Plant Database
Crataegus pinnatifida | Old House Web
Crataegus azarolus - Wikispecies
Crataegus phaenopyrum - Hardy Plant Society
ITIS - Report: Crataegus wattiana
Crataegus apposita | International Plant Names Index
CalPhotos: Crataegus monogyna; Hawthorn
SEINet Portal Network - Crataegus succulenta
Notes from the Field: Online Weight Loss Supplements Labeled as Tejocote (Crataegus mexicana) Root, Substituted with Yellow...
Crataegus mollis - Possibility Place
Hawthorn (Crataegus monogyna) photo - image 55264
Green Hawthorn (Crataegus viridis)-Hort Answers - University of Illinois Extension
Crataegus laevigata 'Rosea Florea Pleno' (midland hawthorn)
Crataegus uniflora - Species Page - ISB: Atlas of Florida Plants
Nahuby.sk - Fotografia - hloh obyčajný Crataegus laevigata (Poir.) DC.
Crataegus laevigata 'Crimson Cloud'- buy trees online from RV Roger Ltd
Paducel pentagin Crataegus pentagyna Waldst. et Kit. (Rosaceae)
NameThatPlant.net: Crataegus lacrimata
September - Cockspur thorn or Flowering Thron (Crataegus Crus-Galli variety or Crataegus prunifolia variety): NEN Gallery
Crataegus monogyna - Cowell's Garden Centre | Woolsington
Gymnosporangium sp. on Crataegus sp. | Space for life
Indication-specific dosing for aubepine, Chinese hawthorn, crataegus laevigata hawthorn in combination, frequency-based adverse...
Images Crataegus Pentagyna - Images of Plants and Gardens - botanikfoto
Measurement of the Salinity and Freezing Tolerance of Crataegus Genotypes Using Chlorophyll Fluorescence
Rosaceae3
- plante du genre Crataegus et de la famille des Rosaceae. (wikimedia.org)
- Additional contributions to taxonomy, nomenclature and biogeography of the Turkish Crataegus (Rosaceae) taxa. (wikimedia.org)
- Crataegus pinnatifida (Chinese Hawthorn) is a deciduous tree or large shrub that belongs to the Rosaceae family. (myseeds.co)
Hawthorn3
- The 4 cm fruits of the species Crataegus pinnatifida (Chinese hawthorn) are tart, bright red and resemble small crabapple fruits. (wikipedia.org)
- Crataegus jesupii is a very rare hawthorn in New England, known only from the western portion of the region. (nativeplanttrust.org)
- Crataegus pinnatifida, the Chinese Hawthorn, is a versatile tree or shrub that offers both ornamental and culinary value. (myseeds.co)
Monogyna2
- Write a review about the product " Crataegus monogyna " and get a chance to win a National Gardening Gift Voucher of £25! (cowellsgc.co.uk)
- Crataegus monogyna Jacq. (funet.fi)
Genus1
- The genus Crataegus, which includes the two British native hawthorns, comprises some 100 -200 species of deciduous trees and shrubs depending upon which botanists you want to believe. (pfaf.org)
Laevigata4
- See photos of Crataegus laevigata in real gardens. (growsonyou.com)
- hloh obyčajný Crataegus laevigata (Poir. (nahuby.sk)
- Crataegus laevigata (Poir. (nahuby.sk)
- Crataegus laevigata (Poiret) DC. (funet.fi)
Oxyacantha3
- Crataegus oxyacantha var. (wikimedia.org)
- Extracts of Crataegus oxyacantha and Rosmarinus officinalis Attenuate Ischemic Myocardial Damage by Decreasing Oxidative Stress and Regulating the Production of Cardiac Vasoactive Agents. (bvsalud.org)
- Crataegus oxyacantha (Co) and Rosmarinus officinalis (Ro) extracts are polyphenolic-rich compounds that have proven to be efficient in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases . (bvsalud.org)
Sarg26
- Crataegus acclivis - Sarg. (pfaf.org)
- Crataegus ambrosia Sarg. (swbiodiversity.org)
- Crataegus ardua Sarg. (swbiodiversity.org)
- Britton) R.D.Dorn, Crataegus divida Sargent, Crataegus ferta Sarg. (swbiodiversity.org)
- Crataegus florifera Sarg. (swbiodiversity.org)
- Kruschke, Crataegus gemmosa Sargent, Crataegus halliana Sarg. (swbiodiversity.org)
- Crataegus incerta Sarg. (swbiodiversity.org)
- Crataegus integriloba Sargent, Crataegus laxiflora Sargent, Crataegus leucantha Laughlin, Crataegus longispina Sarg. (swbiodiversity.org)
- Ashe) Kruschke, Crataegus michiganensis Ashe, Crataegus mortonis Laughlin, Crataegus neofluvialis Ashe, Crataegus pertomentosa Ashe, Crataegus pisifera Sargent, Crataegus rhombifolia Sarg. (swbiodiversity.org)
- Crataegus saeva Sarg. (swbiodiversity.org)
- Crataegus shirleyensis Sargent, Crataegus silvestris Sarg. (swbiodiversity.org)
- Crataegus venulosa Sarg. (swbiodiversity.org)
- Crataegus flabellata Sarg. (funet.fi)
- Crataegus persimilis Sarg. (funet.fi)
- Crataegus pratensis Sarg. (funet.fi)
- Crataegus palmeri Sarg. (funet.fi)
- Crataegus canbyi Sarg. (funet.fi)
- Crataegus pennypackeri Sarg. (funet.fi)
- Crataegus fecunda Sarg. (funet.fi)
- Crataegus suborbiculata Sarg. (funet.fi)
- Crataegus baxteri Sarg. (funet.fi)
- Crataegus intrigata Sarg. (funet.fi)
- Crataegus modesta Sarg. (funet.fi)
- Crataegus stonei Sarg. (funet.fi)
- Crataegus peckii Sarg. (funet.fi)
- Crataegus congesta Sarg. (ngpherbaria.org)
Ashe3
Azarolus4
- In Iran, the fruits of Crataegus (including Crataegus azarolus var. (wikipedia.org)
- Crataegus azarolus L. , Sp. (wikimedia.org)
- Crataegus azarolus in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN) , U.S. Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service. (wikimedia.org)
- 2020. Crataegus azarolus in Kew Science Plants of the World Online . (wikimedia.org)
Succulenta1
- Crataegus succulenta Schrad. (swbiodiversity.org)
Crus-Galli1
- Crataegus crus-galli L. (funet.fi)
Jacq1
- Crataegus punctata Jacq. (funet.fi)
Beadle2
Eggleston1
- Crataegus grayana Eggleston Häckhagtorn Amerikkalainen orapihlaja? (funet.fi)
Prunifolia3
- Crataegus prunifolia p.p. (funet.fi)
- Crataegus prunifolia (Poiret) Pers. (botanicalillustrations.org)
- 285117 Crataegus prunifolia (Poiret) Pers. (botanicalillustrations.org)
Mexicana2
- The fruits of Crataegus mexicana are known in Mexico as tejocotes and are eaten raw, cooked, or in jam during the winter. (wikipedia.org)
- Tejocote ( Crataegus mexicana ) root, a supplement promoted online through social media for weight loss, is readily available from online retailers. (cdc.gov)
Auct3
- Kruschke, Crataegus sylvestris Auct. (swbiodiversity.org)
- Crataegus coccinea auct. (funet.fi)
- Crataegus calycina auct. (funet.fi)
Uniflora1
- BASIONYM: Crataegus uniflora Münchhausen 1770. (usf.edu)
Lacrimata2
- Crataegus lacrimata is found abundantly over parts of the Florida panhandle and through adjacent Alabama and Georgia to South Carolina. (floranorthamerica.org)
- Crataegus lacrimata is an upright, usually single-stemmed shrub with slender, more or less weeping branches and small, narrow, glabrous, bright green leaves. (floranorthamerica.org)
Pentagyna1
- Paducel pentagin Crataegus pentagyna Waldst. (salvaeco.org)
Chrysocarpa1
- Crataegus chrysocarpa var. (swbiodiversity.org)
17891
- BASIONYM: Crataegus parvifolia Aiton 1789. (usf.edu)
Viridis1
- Crataegus viridis L. (funet.fi)
Macracantha2
- Crataegus macracantha Lodd. (swbiodiversity.org)
- Crataegus macracantha var. (swbiodiversity.org)
Sect2
- Revision of Crataegus sect. (wikimedia.org)
- Crataegus sect. (floranorthamerica.org)
Shrubs3
- Crataegus species are shrubs or small trees, mostly growing to 5-15 m (15-50 ft) tall, with small pome fruit and (usually) thorny branches. (wikipedia.org)
- Crataegus smithii Sargent, Trees & Shrubs 1: 67, t. 34. (usf.edu)
- Crataegus trianthophora Sargent, Trees & Shrubs 2: 11, t. 106. (usf.edu)
Sargent2
Deciduous tree1
- Crataegus acclivis is a deciduous Tree growing to 8 m (26ft) by 7 m (23ft). (pfaf.org)
Family2
- Crataegus is part of the rose family, which contains many of our cultivated temperate fruits such as apples, pears, plums, cherries, peaches and apricots. (pfaf.org)
- The disease is not very common, fortunately, but many growers do recommend that you keep your cultivated apples away from Crataegus and other members of the family such as Cotoneasters and Pyracanthas as a precaution. (pfaf.org)
Kratos1
- The generic epithet, Crataegus, is derived from the Greek kratos "strength" because of the great strength of the wood and akis "sharp", referring to the thorns of some species. (wikipedia.org)