Cynanchum
Asclepiadaceae
Pregnanes
Glycosides
Pregnane and pregnane glycosides from the Malagasy plant, Cynanchum aphyllum. (1/10)
A new 8,14-seco-pregnane type of steroid called cynaphyllogenin and its eight glycosides, cynaphyllosides A-H, were isolated from the aerial parts of Cynanchum aphyllum. The structures of these compounds were elucidated based on chemical and spectroscopic evidence. (+info)Comparative study of the effects of various culture conditions on cell growth and Gagaminine synthesis in suspension culture of Cynanchum wilfordii (MAXIM.) HEMSLEY. (2/10)
Gagaminine, a steroidal alkaloid isolated from the roots of Cynanchum wilfordii, exhibited potent inhibitory effects on aldehyde oxidase activity and lipid peroxidation. To determine whether it would be possible to mass produce this active component, which would be useful for animal tests, we tried to synthesize it using in vitro cell culture methods with various growth conditions. In a previous study it was found that calli were easily induced from the stem of this medicinal plant and cultivated effectively on MS medium containing 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) 2 mg/l. In this work we attempted to determine the effects of various culture conditions on cell growth and gagaminine synthesis in suspension culture. Gagaminine production was increased markedly when cell growth proceeded to the death phase. Cell growth was more effective with 5% (v/v) sucrose, in the light (at 38 microE/m(2) x s), on medium containing 2,4-D 2 mg/l, with 2.5 g/10 ml medium as the initial cell concentration. The concentration of gagaminine was optimal with 3% sucrose, in darkness on medium 2,4-D 1 mg/l, with 2.5 g/10 ml medium as an initial cell concentration. However, the highest growth rate was 0.18 d(-1), when the gagaminine concentration was seven- and three-fold (at 140 mu/ml) that of the plant stem and 10 ml of medium respectively, on the 50 ml of medium in suspension culture. (+info)The anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive effects of ethyl acetate fraction of cynanchi paniculati radix. (3/10)
The anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive effects and sedative activities of the ethyl acetate fraction of Cynanchum paniculatum (EACP) were evaluated in mice and rats by acetic acid-induced vascular permeability, arachidonic acid-induced paw edema, cotton pellet-induced granuloma formation, formalin-induced licking time, acetic acid-induced writhing response, and pentobarbital-induced sleeping time. EACP at a dose of 40 mg/kg significantly exhibited anti-inflammatory activities on acetic acid-induced vascular permeability, arachidonic acid-induced paw edema, and the late phase of formalin-induced licking time. Moreover, it showed anti-nociceptive effects on acetic acid-induced writhing responses and significant sedative effects on pentobarbital-induced sleeping time. The results demonstrated that the anti-nociceptive effects are apparently related to the sedative effects of EACP. These results support the use of Cynanchum paniculatum in relieving inflammatory pain. (+info)Glycosides of 14,15-seco and 13,14:14,15-disecopregnanes from the roots of Cynanchum sublanceolatum. (4/10)
Thirty-two new 13,14-seco and 13,14:14,15-disecopregnane glycosides were obtained from the roots of Cynanchum sublanceolatum (Asclepiadaceae). These glycosides were confirmed to be possessing five known compounds, cynajapogenin A, glaucogenin-A, 13-hydroxycynajapogenin A, 2alpha-hydroxyanhydrohirundigenin, atratogenin A and one new pregnane, 13-epi-cynajapogenin A, as their aglycones, using both spectroscopic and chemical methods. (+info)Androstane and monoterpene glucoside sinapoyl ester from Cynanchum amplexicaule SIEB. et ZUCC. (5/10)
A new androstane, 17beta-hydroxy-androsta-4,6,15-trien-3-one (1) and a new monoterpene glucoside sinapoyl ester, (3R)-8-hydroxylinalool 3,8-di-O-beta-D-(6'-O-E-sinapoyl)glucopyranoside (2) were isolated from the roots of Cynanchum amplexicaule SIEB. et ZUCC. (Asclepiadaceae), along with two known monoterpenes, (3R)-8-hydroxylinalool (3) and (6R)-menthiafolic acid (4). Their structures were elucidated on the basis of analyses of physical, chemical, and spectral data. (+info)Three new steroidal glycosides from the roots of Cynanchum auriculatum. (6/10)
(+info)Purification and characterization of a CkTLP protein from Cynanchum komarovii seeds that confers antifungal activity. (7/10)
(+info)Improved endothelial dysfunction by Cynanchum wilfordii in apolipoprotein E(-/-) mice fed a high fat/cholesterol diet. (8/10)
(+info)'Cynanchum' is a genus of plants in the family Apocynaceae, also known as Milkweed or Dogbane family. These plants are primarily found in tropical and subtropical regions around the world. Some species of Cynanchum have medicinal uses, including treatments for skin conditions, inflammation, and pain relief. However, it's important to note that some species may contain toxic compounds and should only be used under the guidance of a medical professional.
Asclepiadaceae is a former family of flowering plants that is now considered to be part of the larger family Apocynaceae. It was named after Asclepius, the Greek god of medicine and healing, due to the medicinal properties of some of its members. The plants in this family are primarily tropical or subtropical vines, shrubs, and trees that have milky sap and opposite leaves. They are known for their unique flower structure, which includes a corona of fleshy, modified stamens surrounding the central reproductive structures. Some examples of plants that were once classified in Asclepiadaceae include milkweeds (Asclepias spp.), periwinkles (Catharanthus roseus), and mandevillas (Mandevilla spp.).
Pregnanes are a class of steroid hormones and steroids that contain a pregnane nucleus, which is a steroid core with a carbon skeleton consisting of 21 carbons. This structure includes four fused rings, labeled A through D, and is derived from cholesterol.
Pregnanes are important precursors for the synthesis of various steroid hormones in the body, including progesterone, which plays a crucial role in maintaining pregnancy and regulating the menstrual cycle. Other examples of pregnanes include cortisol, a stress hormone produced by the adrenal gland, and aldosterone, a hormone that helps regulate electrolyte balance and blood pressure.
It's worth noting that pregnanes can also refer to synthetic compounds that contain this steroid nucleus and are used in various medical and research contexts.
Pregnenes is not a term that is commonly used in medical terminology. However, in biochemistry, pregnenes are steroid compounds containing a carbon skeleton with nine or more rings. They are precursors to various steroid hormones such as progesterone and cortisol.
Pregnenes are derived from cholesterol through a series of enzymatic reactions that involve the removal of several carbons from the cholesterol molecule. The resulting pregnenolone is then further metabolized to produce other steroid hormones, including progesterone, cortisol, androgens, and estrogens.
Therefore, while not a medical term per se, pregnenes are an essential class of compounds in the endocrine system that play a crucial role in various physiological processes, such as sexual development, stress response, and immune function.
Glycosides are organic compounds that consist of a glycone (a sugar component) linked to a non-sugar component, known as an aglycone, via a glycosidic bond. They can be found in various plants, microorganisms, and some animals. Depending on the nature of the aglycone, glycosides can be classified into different types, such as anthraquinone glycosides, cardiac glycosides, and saponin glycosides.
These compounds have diverse biological activities and pharmacological effects. For instance:
* Cardiac glycosides, like digoxin and digitoxin, are used in the treatment of heart failure and certain cardiac arrhythmias due to their positive inotropic (contractility-enhancing) and negative chronotropic (heart rate-slowing) effects on the heart.
* Saponin glycosides have potent detergent properties and can cause hemolysis (rupture of red blood cells). They are used in various industries, including cosmetics and food processing, and have potential applications in drug delivery systems.
* Some glycosides, like amygdalin found in apricot kernels and bitter almonds, can release cyanide upon hydrolysis, making them potentially toxic.
It is important to note that while some glycosides have therapeutic uses, others can be harmful or even lethal if ingested or otherwise introduced into the body in large quantities.