Cyperaceae
Electron transport inhibitor in Cyperus javanicus. (1/39)
The natural quinone, hydroxydietrichequinone (3-heptadec-8-enyl-2-hydroxy-5-methoxy-[1,4]benzoquinone) is a secondary metabolite of Cyperus javanicus. We found that this quinone inhibited both mitochondrial respiration and photosynthesis in their electron transportation systems. The quinone was found to have a mode of action against the ubiquinone reductase site from the results of different electron donor experiments on intact mitochondria from rat liver. The electron transport system, photosystem-II (PS-II), in chroloplast from spinach leaves was inhibited by the quinone in a similar way to that of the triazin sires herbicide, atrazin, with its mode of action against PS II. This natural quinone has a long aliphatic chain (C17) including an unsaturated bond at its midpoint. We recognized 8-9 unsaturated bonds in the aliphatic chain from an MS analysis of the methylthio-addact, and spectral data presumed a configuration of cis. form. (+info)Modulation of radioligand binding to the GABA(A)-benzodiazepine receptor complex by a new component from Cyperus rotundus. (2/39)
Four sesquiterpenes, beta-selinene, isocurcumenol, nootkatone and aristolone and one triterpene, oleanolic acid were isolated from the ethylacetate fraction of the rhizomes of Cyperus rotundus and tested for their ability to modulate gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA(A))-benzodiazepine receptor function by radioligand binding assays using rat cerebrocortical membranes. Among these compounds, only isocurcumenol, one of the newly identified constituents of this plant, was found to inhibit [3H]Ro15-1788 binding and enhance [3H]flunitrazepam binding in the presence of GABA. These results suggest that isocurcumenol may serve as a benzodiazepine receptor agonist and allosterically modulate GABAergic neurotransmission via enhancement of endogenous receptor ligand binding. (+info)Flower and spikelet morphology in sawgrass, Cladium jamaicense Crantz (Cyperaceae). (3/39)
In recent systematic treatments of the Cyperaceae, spikelets of all but the most primitive tribes have been considered to be indeterminate, whereas historically the number of flowers, floral sex and distribution of sexes in spikelets have been important characters in suprageneric classifications. However, descriptions of these spikelet characteristics for sawgrass, Cladium jamaicense Crantz, vary among authors. Spikelet morphology was analysed using developmental and phenological studies of sawgrass populations in south Florida, USA. Sawgrass spikelets have two flowers that expand successively. Flowers are fundamentally hermaphroditic and protogynous. The first flower to expand (F1) terminates the spikelet axis, whereas the second flower (F2), ensheathed by an addorsed prophyll, develops in the axil of the last bract produced on the axis. In 86% of the spikelets examined from ramets of three populations, the gynoecium of the F1 flower aborted, so this flower was functionally male and the spikelet was protandrous. However, in 14% of spikelets from these individuals, the F1 flower was hermaphroditic and could set seed. The F2 flower was typically hermaphroditic and matured stigmas, then anthers. Thus, spikelets in C. jamaicense are determinate and have two flowers that are dichogamous both within flowers and between flowers in a spikelet; spikelet sex expression can vary among plants and populations, especially in the first flower. These data for sawgrass suggest that a re-examination of spikelet development and phenology in other genera is needed to clarify the expression of these characters in the family. (+info)Seasonal changes in fungal production and biomass on standing dead Scirpus lacustris litter in a northern prairie wetland. (4/39)
Decaying macrophytes are an important source of carbon and nutrients in fungal and bacterial communities of northern prairie wetlands. Dead macrophytes do not collapse into the water column immediately after death, and decomposition by fungi and bacteria begins while the plants are standing. The seasonal variations in fungal biomass and production on Scirpus lacustris stems, both above and below water, were measured to assess which environmental factors were dominant in affecting these variations in a typical prairie wetland. Fungal biomass and production were measured from early May to November, just prior to freeze-up. Fungal decomposition began and was greatest in the spring despite low water temperatures. The fungal production, as measured by the incorporation of [1-(14)C]acetate into ergosterol, ranged from 1.8 to 376 microg of C g of ash-free dry mass (AFDM)(-1) day(-1), and the biomass, as estimated by using ergosterol, ranged from nondetectable to 5.8 mg of C g of AFDM(-1). There was no significant difference in biomass or production between aerial and submerged portions of Scirpus stems. The water temperature was correlated with fungal production (r = 0.7, P < 0.005) for aerial stem pieces but not for submerged pieces. However, in laboratory experiments water temperature had a measurable effect on both biomass and production in submerged stem pieces. Changes in fungal biomass and productivity on freshly cut green Scirpus stems decaying in the water either exposed to natural solar radiation or protected from UV radiation were monitored over the summer. There was no significant difference in either fungal biomass (P = 0.76) or production (P = 0.96) between the two light treatments. The fungal biomass and rates of production were within the lower range of the values reported elsewhere, probably as a result of the colder climate and perhaps the lower lability of Scirpus stems compared to the labilities of the leaves and different macrophytes examined in other studies performed at lower latitudes. (+info)The unusual vascular structure of the corm of Eriophorum vaginatum: implications for efficient retranslocation of nutrients. (5/39)
Eriophorum spp. are abundant perennial graminoids in the Arctic tundra and boreal peatlands. Because ecological studies indicated that some plants are unusually productive on infertile and cold sites, the anatomy of the overwintering corms of Eriophorum vaginatum (L.) and Eriophorum scheuchzeri (Hoppe) were examined to determine their involvement in nutrient uptake and storage. Components of the long-distance transport pathways were identified within the plants by using histochemical techniques and transport of apoplastic and symplastic dyes. E. scheuchzeri produced a rhizome that consisted mainly of storage parenchyma cells within which collateral vascular bundles were centrally located and arranged in a circle. By contrast, E. vaginatum developed a ring of horizontally arranged xylem and phloem, in addition to axial amphivasal vascular bundles leading to the leaves, all of which were bordered by transfer cells. As shown by the transport of fluorescein in the phloem and Safranine O in the xylem, each axial bundle and adventitious root contacted the horizontal ring of vascular tissues so that solutes from one vascular bundle were translocated into the vascular ring and circulated to another vascular bundle and/or to the roots. In addition, special groups of sclereids that functioned in both phloem and xylem transport were found at the base of the leaf traces and within junctions of senescing roots. These sclereids were named 'vascular sclerenchyma' and it was hypothesized that they provide a moving end for the vascular system because the corm dies progressively from the distal end as it grows upward from the apical meristem. It was concluded that this unusual vascular system of E. vaginatum is efficient in recycling nutrients internally, which may account for its competitive advantage in infertile and cold sites. (+info)Ozone effects on the ultrastructure of peatland plants: Sphagnum mosses, Vaccinium oxycoccus, Andromeda polifolia and Eriophorum vaginatum. (6/39)
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Ozone effects on peatland vegetation are poorly understood. Since stress responses are often first visible in cell ultrastructure, electron microscopy was used to assess the sensitivity of common peatland plants to elevated ozone concentrations. METHODS: Three moss species (Sphagnum angustifolium, S. magellanicum and S. papillosum), a graminoid (Eriophorum vaginatum) and two dwarf shrubs (Vaccinium oxycoccus and Andromeda polifolia), all growing within an intact canopy on peat monoliths, were exposed to a concentration of 0, 50, 100 or 150 ppb ozone in two separate growth chamber experiments simulating either summer or autumn conditions in central Finland. After a 4- or 5-week-long exposure, samples were photographed in a transmission electron microscope and analysed quantitatively using image processing software. KEY RESULTS: In the chlorophyllose cells of the Sphagnum moss leaves from the capitulum, ozone exposure led to a decrease in chloroplast area and in granum stack thickness and various changes in plastoglobuli and cell wall thickness, depending on the species and the experiment. In E. vaginatum, ozone exposure significantly reduced chloroplast cross-sectional areas and the amount of starch, whereas there were no clear changes in the plastoglobuli. In the dwarf shrubs, ozone induced thickening of the cell wall and an increase in the size of plastoglobuli under summer conditions. In contrast, under autumn conditions the cell wall thickness remained unchanged but ozone exposure led to a transient increase in the chloroplast and starch areas, and in the number and size of plastoglobuli. CONCLUSIONS: Ozone responses in the Sphagnum mosses were comparable to typical ozone stress symptoms of higher plants, and indicated sensitivity especially in S. angustifolium. The responses in the dwarf shrubs suggest stimulation of photosynthesis by low ozone concentrations and ozone sensitivity only under cool autumn conditions. (+info)Floral ontogeny in Scirpus, Eriophorum and Dulichium (Cyperaceae), with special reference to the perianth. (7/39)
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Based on molecular phylogenetic analysis, it has been suggested recently that the Cyperaceae comprises only two subfamilies: the Mapanioideae and the Cyperoideae. In most flowers of the Cyperoideae, the whorl of inner stamens is reduced, resulting in tetracyclic flowers. In the more primitive (scirpoid) genera within the Cyperoideae, the perianth consists of two polysymmetric whorls, whereas the perianth parts in the more derived genera have been subject to modifications and/or reduction. Comparative studies of the many silky hairs of Eriophorum and of the eight bristles of Dulichium have given rise to much discussion about their homology. METHODS: The spikelet and floral ontogeny in freshly collected inflorescences was investigated using scanning electron microscopy. KEY RESULTS: Complete floral ontogenies are presented for Scirpus sylvaticus L., Eriophorum latifolium Hoppe and Dulichium arundinaceum (L.) Britton, with special reference to the perianth. The results in S. sylvaticus confirm the trimerous monocot-like organization of the flower. It is used as a model for floral development in Cyperoideae. In the early developmental stages, the androecium of E. latifolium is surrounded by a massive perigonial primordium, from which the many hair-like bristles originate. Consequently, the stamens develop among the hair primordia, more or less simultaneously. The hairs are arranged in whorls, which develop centripetally. The development of the perianth in D. arundinaceum starts with the formation of three initial perianth primordia opposite the stamens. Subsequently, two more abaxial bristle primordia, alternating with the stamens, originate simultaneously with the appearance of three adaxial bristle primordia in the zone where an adaxial inner perianth primordium is expected. CONCLUSIONS: The floral development in E. latifolium and D. arundinaceum can be considered as variations upon the scirpoid floral ontogenetic theme. (+info)Floral ontogeny in ficinia and isolepis (cyperaceae), with focus on the nature and origin of the gynophore. (8/39)
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The generic delimitations of Ficinia and Isolepis, sister genera in the Cypereae, are blurred. Typical Ficinia flowers have a lobed gynophore, which envelops the base of the nutlet, whereas in Isolepis the character is considered to be absent. Some former species of Isolepis, lacking the gynophore, were recently included in Ficinia. The floral ontogeny of representative taxa in Ficinia and Isolepis were investigated with the aim of evaluating the origin and nature of the gynophore in the Cypereae. METHODS: The spikelet and floral ontogeny in inflorescences collected in the field was investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and light microscopy (LM). KEY RESULTS: SEM images of Isolepis setacea and I. antarctica, Ficinia brevifolia, F. minutiflora, F. zeyheri and F. gracilis, and LM sections of F. radiata, show that the gynoecium in Ficinia is elevated above the flower receptacle by the development of a hypogynous stalk. From its apex, a (often three-)lobed cup is formed, which envelopes the basal part of the later nutlet. In developing flowers of I. antarctica, a rudimentary hypogynous stalk appears. In I. setacea, rudiments of a hypogynous stalk can be observed at maturity. In F. radiata and F. zeyheri, intralocular hairs are present in the micropylar zone. At the surface of developing gynoecia in flowers of F. gracilis, star-shaped cuticular structures appear which disappear again at maturity. CONCLUSIONS: The overall floral ontogeny of all species studied occurs following a typical scirpoid pattern, though no perianth primordia are formed. The gynophore in Ficinia originates as a hypogynous stalk, from which the typical gynophore lobes develop. The gynophore is not homologous with the perianth. (+info)Cyperaceae is a family of monocotyledonous plants that are commonly known as sedges. This family includes around 5,500 species that are distributed worldwide, with the greatest diversity found in tropical and subtropical regions. The plants in this family are typically characterized by their triangular stems and narrow, grass-like leaves.
The inflorescences of Cyperaceae species are often composed of tightly packed spikelets, which contain tiny flowers that are usually reduced to only the essential reproductive parts. Many sedges also have distinctive, hardened bracts that surround the base of the inflorescence and can be used to help identify the plant to species level.
Cyperaceae species are important components of many ecosystems, including wetlands, grasslands, and forests. Some species are grown as ornamental plants, while others have economic importance as sources of food, fiber, and medicine. For example, papyrus sedge (Cyperus papyrus) was used in ancient Egypt to make paper, and yellow nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus) produces edible tubers that are consumed in some parts of the world.
It's worth noting that Cyperaceae species can be difficult to identify due to their small flowers and similar morphology, so a proper identification often requires careful examination of multiple plant features.
'Carex plant' is a genus of small perennial plants that are commonly known as sedges. These plants belong to the family Cyperaceae and there are over 2,000 different species found worldwide. Carex plants can vary in size, shape, and appearance depending on the specific species, but they generally have narrow, grass-like leaves and triangular stems.
Some Carex species produce flowers and seeds, while others reproduce through rhizomes or underground stems. These plants are often found growing in wetlands, marshes, and other moist environments, although some species can tolerate drier conditions as well. In a medical context, certain Carex species may have potential medicinal uses, such as anti-inflammatory or diuretic properties, but more research is needed to confirm their effectiveness and safety.
Arachnida is a class of joint-legged invertebrate animals that includes spiders, scorpions, mites, and ticks. They are characterized by having two main body segments (the cephalothorax and the abdomen), eight legs, and simple eyes. Most arachnids produce silk, which they use for various purposes such as capturing prey or building shelters.
Arachnids are arthropods, a group that also includes insects, crustaceans, and other related animals. They are found worldwide in diverse habitats, ranging from forests and grasslands to deserts and caves. Many arachnids are predators, feeding on insects and other small animals. Some species are parasites, living on the blood or tissue of other organisms.
Arachnids have a hard exoskeleton made of chitin, which provides protection and support for their soft internal organs. They molt periodically to grow and replace damaged body parts. Arachnids also have a complex reproductive system that involves the transfer of sperm from the male to the female through specialized structures called pedipalps.
While some arachnids are harmless or even beneficial to humans, others can be dangerous or pests. For example, spider bites can cause painful reactions and in rare cases, death. Ticks and mites can transmit diseases such as Lyme disease and scrub typhus. Scorpions can deliver venomous stings that can be fatal to humans. Despite these risks, arachnids play important roles in ecosystems, controlling pests and contributing to nutrient cycling.
Cyperaceae
Isolepis fluitans
Carex × xanthocarpa
Cyperus pulchellus
Schoenoplectiella
Carex riparia
Carex subg. Vignea
Eleocharis quadrangulata
Cyperus vorsteri
Cyperus laevigatus
Cyperus difformis
Isolepis prolifera
Coleochloa
Schoenus nanus
Schoenoplectiella juncoides
Carex sect. Macrocephalae
Marsilea minuta
Cyperus laxus
Costularia
Carex hirta
Cyperus vaginatus
Rhynchospora alba
Schoenoplectiella dissachantha
Ficinia
Schoenoplectiella saximontana
Isolepis lenticularis
Fimbristylis polytrichoides
Caustis blakei
Carex porrecta
Kobresia sibirica
Cyperaceae - Wikipedia
Cyperaceae
Valid publication of the name Carex henryi (Cyperaceae) from Asia
Gahnia beecheyi (Cyperaceae) - HEAR species info
Cyperaceae - Sauergrasgewächse - in euroleps.ch, © Heiner Ziegler
Carex muehlenbergii (Cyperaceae) - stem - showing leaf bases
Flora of China Illustrations Vol.23 Acoraceae through Cyperaceae, China Scientific Book Services:The Best Professional ...
Cyperaceae - Collections
Fimbristylis polytrichoides CYPERACEAE
Cyperaceae detail - FSUS
Meloidae - Cyperaceae - šáchorovité (Kategorie)
Carex microglochin (Cyperaceae) image 48870 at
Some Kenyan Sedges, Species of Cyperaceae
Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center - The University of Texas at Austin
Cyperaceae - Global Pollen Project - Global Pollen Project
Eriophorum callitrix (Cyperaceae) image 48887 at
Cyperus Alternifolius Cyperaceae Umbrella Plant Details - Indoor Plants
Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center - The University of Texas at Austin
Rushes and Sedges - 5.26 Cyperaceae: Machaerina Key & Species - ANPSC
Complex patterns of ploidy in a holocentric plant clade (Schoenus, Cyperaceae) in the Cape biodiversity hotspot - PubMed
"5.8S Insertion in Cyperaceae" by Julian R. Starr, Geneviève Gravel et al.
UConn Biodiversity Conservatory Collections native to Bahamas
Maine Natural Areas Program Rare Plant Fact Sheet for Carex rariflora
GUPTA & KANODIA - Page 6 - Famine Foods
Monophyly and transoceanic dispersal in the widespread floating club-rush clade, Isolepis subgenus Fluitantes (Cyperaceae)
Correlation Between Eosinophilic Oesophagitis and Aeroallergens
EUR-Lex - 31992L0043 - EN - EUR-Lex
Carex5
- Jiménez-Mejías P, Morales-Alonso A, Oleas NH, Sánchez E, Martín-Bravo S, Masa-Iranzo I, S. Meseguer A (2023) New relevant chorological and conservation data on Carex (Cyperaceae) and Hypericum (Hypericaceae) from Ecuador. (pensoft.net)
- As a result of a fieldwork campaign in Ecuador and revision of herbarium collections (K, QCA and QCNE), we present here relevant records of twelve Carex ( Cyperaceae ) and four Hypericum ( Hypericaceae ) species. (pensoft.net)
- Las especies de la subsección Elatae (sección Spirostachyae) del género Carex que se distribuyen por África tropical continental, Madagascar, el archipiélago de las Mascareñas y la isla de Bioko (a 32 km del litoral de África occidental, en el golfo de Guinea) forman un grupo monofilético. (us.es)
- A new species of Carex (Cyperaceae) is described from western South America. (claremont.edu)
- Kølle-Star ( Carex buxbaumii ) er en 20-80 cm høj halvgræs , med 3-4 karakteristiske næsten ens kølleformede aks, hvor det øverste har hunblomster forneden. (wikipedia.org)
Poales1
- A new classification of Cyperaceae (Poales) supported by phylogenomic data. (scientificlib.com)
Species3
- Some species in some genera of Cyperaceae (particularly Eleocharis) possess chromosomes with localized centromeres (S. S. Bir et al. (asu.edu)
- Because most Cyperaceae cannot be reliably identified when in flower, in this volume fruiting time is given for all species by season, sometimes qualified by early, mid, or late, or by months. (asu.edu)
- Twenty-two Colletotrichum strains were isolated from anthracnose symptoms or leaf spots on leaves of various wild Poaceae and Cyperaceae plants collected in three provinces of Iran and tentatively identified as belonging to the Graminicola species complex based on morphology. (bvsalud.org)
Cyperus1
- In this study, we present the first genome-wide characterization of the oleosin family in tigernut (Cyperus esculentus L., Cyperaceae), a rare example accumulating high amounts of oil in underground tubers. (bvsalud.org)
Genus1
- A plant genus of the family CYPERACEAE. (lookformedical.com)
Poaceae1
- Data from rbcL studies also support the view that Cyperaceae and Poaceae are not closely related (M. R. Duvall et al. (asu.edu)
Family2
- The Cyperaceae (/saɪpəˈreɪsiˌaɪ, -siːˌiː/) are a family of graminoid (grass-like), monocotyledonous flowering plants known as sedges. (wikipedia.org)
- Using simulations, we study the performance of the developed model to detect shifts in patterns of chromosome-number evolution and demonstrate its applicability by analyzing the evolution of chromosome numbers within the Cyperaceae plant family. (bvsalud.org)
Spirostachyae3
- recientemente, se ha publicado el primer estudio de filogenia mo - lecular (nrDNA, cpDNA) de los táxones de este grupo, junto con la inmensa mayoría de las restantes especies que Kükenthal incluyó en las secciones Elatae y Spirostachyae. (us.es)
- Salvo escasas excepciones, los táxones incluidos se agruparon en un clado ("core Spirostachyae") que contiene las especies de las dos secciones antes aludidas. (us.es)
- En congruencia con estos resultados, la sección Elatae fue incluida en la sección Spirostachyae como susbsección Elatae. (us.es)
Goetghebeur1
- Goetghebeur, P. (1998) Cyperaceae. (scientificlib.com)
Morphology1
- Flower and spikelet morphology in sawgrass, Cladium jamaicense Crantz (Cyperaceae). (lookformedical.com)
Herbarium1
- CYPERACEAE interactive identification keys @ LSU Herbarium Arxivat 2010-07-09 a Wayback Machine . (wikipedia.org)
Cariceae1
- El primer tratamiento taxonómico de este grupo de cárices, así como de la tribu Cariceae en su conjunto, fue elaborado por Kükenthal (sección Elatae Kük. (us.es)
Phylogeny1
- Phylogeny of Cyperaceae based on DNA sequence data: Current progress and future prospects. (scientificlib.com)
Monocotyledons1
- Cyperaceae in The Orders and Families of Monocotyledons. (scientificlib.com)
Wikipedia1
- Cyperaceae on Wikipedia. (wiktionary.org)
Journal1
- Cyperaceae), Journal of the Mysore Medical Association 21, 1. (rug.nl)
Importance1
- For a recent, comprehensive review of the economic importance of Cyperaceae, see D. A. Simpson and C. A. Inglis (2001). (asu.edu)
Recent1
- In recent systematic treatments of the Cyperaceae, spikelets of all but the most primitive tribes have been considered to be indeterminate, whereas historically the number of flowers, floral sex and distribution of sexes in spikelets have been important characters in suprageneric classifications. (lookformedical.com)
Sedges2
- The Cyperaceae (/saɪpəˈreɪsiˌaɪ, -siːˌiː/) are a family of graminoid (grass-like), monocotyledonous flowering plants known as sedges. (wikipedia.org)
- Word Checklist of Cyperaceae: Sedges. (wikipedia.org)
Juncaceae and Cyperaceae1
- When U49222 is excluded from analyses and the Cyperaceae portion of Y12978 is removed, Juncaceae and Cyperaceae are monophyletic with Oxychloe positioned within a Juncaceae clade of single-flowered genera. (claremont.edu)
Clade1
- For example, whereas a loss of the insertion appeared to characterize a major terminal clade within Cyperaceae, both an insertion loss and sequence variation were consistent with infrageneric clades previously discovered in an ITS phylogeny of Eleocharis . (claremont.edu)
Remirea1
- 18. Antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities of aqueous extract from Remirea maritima (Cyperaceae). (nih.gov)
Analyses2
- In the context of our current understanding of Cyperaceae relationships, evolutionary patterns related to this insertion provide additional support for groups defined in prior phylogenetic analyses. (claremont.edu)
- The present analysis also suggests that the controversial position of Oxychloe andina (Juncaceae) in previous rbc L analyses, as sister to Cyperaceae (Y12978) or as nested within Cyperaceae (U49222), is due to the fact that Y12978 is a Juncaceae/Cyperaceae chimera, whereas U49222 is the sequence of a Cyperaceae contaminant. (claremont.edu)
Data1
- About 161 Cyperaceae in Chile and 29 in our data base. (chileflora.com)
Forest1
- Links to high-resolution free images of Gahnia beecheyi (Cyperaceae) (uki, forest sawsedge) by Forest & Kim Starr (USGS) are available here. (hear.org)