Death of pulp tissue with or without bacterial invasion. When the necrosis is due to ischemia with superimposed bacterial infection, it is referred to as pulp gangrene. When the necrosis is non-bacterial in origin, it is called pulp mummification.
A richly vascularized and innervated connective tissue of mesodermal origin, contained in the central cavity of a tooth and delimited by the dentin, and having formative, nutritive, sensory, and protective functions. (Jablonski, Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992)
Endodontic procedure performed to induce TOOTH APEX barrier development. ROOT CANAL FILLING MATERIALS are used to repair open apex or DENTAL PULP NECROSIS in an immature tooth. CALCIUM HYDROXIDE and mineral trioxide aggregate are commonly used as the filling materials.
Inflammation of the PERIAPICAL TISSUE. It includes general, unspecified, or acute nonsuppurative inflammation. Chronic nonsuppurative inflammation is PERIAPICAL GRANULOMA. Suppurative inflammation is PERIAPICAL ABSCESS.
A white powder prepared from lime that has many medical and industrial uses. It is in many dental formulations, especially for root canal filling.
Chemicals used mainly to disinfect root canals after pulpectomy and before obturation. The major ones are camphorated monochlorophenol, EDTA, formocresol, hydrogen peroxide, metacresylacetate, and sodium hypochlorite. Root canal irrigants include also rinsing solutions of distilled water, sodium chloride, etc.
'Dental pulp calcification' is a pathological condition characterized by the deposition of hard tissue within the pulp chamber and root canal(s), which can result in the obliteration of pulpal space, potentially leading to various clinical symptoms such as pain or dental sensitivity.
Application of a protective agent to an exposed pulp (direct capping) or the remaining thin layer of dentin over a nearly exposed pulp (indirect capping) in order to allow the pulp to recover and maintain its normal vitality and function.
Inflammation of the DENTAL PULP, usually due to bacterial infection in dental caries, tooth fracture, or other conditions causing exposure of the pulp to bacterial invasion. Chemical irritants, thermal factors, hyperemic changes, and other factors may also cause pulpitis.
Odontoblasts are columnar, highly differentiated, dentin-forming cells that originate from the ectodermal neural crest and reside within the pulp cavity of teeth, characterized by their production and secretion of the organic matrix component of dentin during amelogenesis.
The total of dental diagnostic, preventive, and restorative services provided to meet the needs of a patient (from Illustrated Dictionary of Dentistry, 1982).
The result of pathological changes in the hard tissue of a tooth caused by carious lesions, mechanical factors, or trauma, which render the pulp susceptible to bacterial invasion from the external environment.
Endodontic diseases of the DENTAL PULP inside the tooth, which is distinguished from PERIAPICAL DISEASES of the tissue surrounding the root.
The pathological process occurring in cells that are dying from irreparable injuries. It is caused by the progressive, uncontrolled action of degradative ENZYMES, leading to MITOCHONDRIAL SWELLING, nuclear flocculation, and cell lysis. It is distinct it from APOPTOSIS, which is a normal, regulated cellular process.
Dentin formed by normal pulp after completion of root end formation.
Use for articles concerning dental education in general.
Localized destruction of the tooth surface initiated by decalcification of the enamel followed by enzymatic lysis of organic structures and leading to cavity formation. If left unchecked, the cavity may penetrate the enamel and dentin and reach the pulp.
Educational institutions for individuals specializing in the field of dentistry.
Individuals enrolled a school of dentistry or a formal educational program in leading to a degree in dentistry.
The formation of dentin. Dentin first appears in the layer between the ameloblasts and odontoblasts and becomes calcified immediately. Formation progresses from the tip of the papilla over its slope to form a calcified cap becoming thicker by the apposition of new layers pulpward. A layer of uncalcified dentin intervenes between the calcified tissue and the odontoblast and its processes. (From Jablonski, Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992)
Serum glycoprotein produced by activated MACROPHAGES and other mammalian MONONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTES. It has necrotizing activity against tumor cell lines and increases ability to reject tumor transplants. Also known as TNF-alpha, it is only 30% homologous to TNF-beta (LYMPHOTOXIN), but they share TNF RECEPTORS.
Materials used in DENTAL PULP CAPPING or PULPECTOMY.
Mesodermal tissue enclosed in the invaginated portion of the epithelial enamel organ and giving rise to the dentin and pulp.
The space in a tooth bounded by the dentin and containing the dental pulp. The portion of the cavity within the crown of the tooth is the pulp chamber; the portion within the root is the pulp canal or root canal.
Dental care for patients with chronic diseases. These diseases include chronic cardiovascular, endocrinologic, hematologic, immunologic, neoplastic, and renal diseases. The concept does not include dental care for the mentally or physically disabled which is DENTAL CARE FOR DISABLED.
An abnormal passage or communication leading from an internal organ to the surface of the body.
Abnormal communication most commonly seen between two internal organs, or between an internal organ and the surface of the body.
Abnormal passage communicating with the STOMACH.
An abnormal passage in the oral cavity on the gingiva.
An abnormal direct communication between an artery and a vein without passing through the CAPILLARIES. An A-V fistula usually leads to the formation of a dilated sac-like connection, arteriovenous aneurysm. The locations and size of the shunts determine the degree of effects on the cardiovascular functions such as BLOOD PRESSURE and HEART RATE.
An abnormal anatomical passage between the INTESTINE, and another segment of the intestine or other organs. External intestinal fistula is connected to the SKIN (enterocutaneous fistula). Internal intestinal fistula can be connected to a number of organs, such as STOMACH (gastrocolic fistula), the BILIARY TRACT (cholecystoduodenal fistula), or the URINARY BLADDER of the URINARY TRACT (colovesical fistula). Risk factors include inflammatory processes, cancer, radiation treatment, and surgical misadventures (MEDICAL ERRORS).
An abnormal passage or communication between a bronchus and another part of the body.

Interstitial fluid pressure in normal and inflamed pulp. (1/75)

Tissue pressure is the hydrostatic pressure in the interstitial fluid which surrounds the pulpal cells. This pressure outside the vessels is normally considerably lower than the blood pressure inside the vessels. The dental pulp has a relatively low interstitial compliance due to its enclosure between rigid dentin walls. Accordingly, even a modest increase in pulpal fluid volume will raise the tissue pressure, which may compress blood vessels, leading to ischemia and necrosis. Inflammation may lead to an increase in both interstitial fluid volume and blood volume in the low-compliant pulp and thereby increase the tissue pressure. However, the increased tissue pressure may, in turn, initiate increased lymph flow and absorption of fluid into capillaries in nearby non-inflamed tissue. Both of these latter factors will transport fluid out of the affected area and subsequently out of the tooth and consequently lower the tissue pressure. Increased tissue pressure, whether caused by increased blood volume or increased capillary filtration, will promote outward flow of fluid through exposed dentin tubules and thereby help to protect the pulp against entry of harmful substances. It seems physiologically beneficial, therefore, for the pulp to have a high tissue pressure, which promptly increases when blood flow increases due to its low compliance.  (+info)

Evidence for bacterial causation of adverse pulpal responses in resin-based dental restorations. (2/75)

The widespread use of resin and resin-monomers for bonding of dental restorations to dentin has occurred because of a fundamental shift in the view that injury to the pulp is induced by restorative procedures. While, for many years, the toxic effects of restorative materials were thought to be of crucial importance in the development of adverse pulpal responses, the key role of bacterial leakage at the restoration-tooth interface is now well-recognized. Consequently, if optimal conditions for the preservation of pulpal health are to be ensured, dental restorations should provide an impervious seal against the surrounding tooth structure. However, polymerization shrinkage and contraction stresses induced during setting, as well as a variety of technical difficulties encountered during the clinical operation, often produce less than perfect results. Therefore, modern restorative procedures involving resin and resin-bonded restoratives must still rely on the ability of the pulp to cope with the injurious elements to which it may be exposed during and after the procedure. This review examines factors that may govern the pulp's response to restorative procedures that involve adhesive technologies. An assessment is made of the risks involved as far as the continued vital function of the pulp is concerned. It is concluded that an intact, although thin, wall of primary dentin often enables the pulp to overcome both toxic material effects and the influences of bacterial leakage. In contrast, the pulp may not do equally well following capping of open exposures with resin composites. A dearth of controlled clinical studies in this area of dentistry calls for confirmation that pulpal health prevails over the long term following the use of total-etch and resin-bonding techniques.  (+info)

Taxonomic characterization of Mogibacterium diversum sp. nov. and Mogibacterium neglectum sp. nov., isolated from human oral cavities. (3/75)

Novel isolates, strains HM-7, HM-6, HH-31, P9a-hT and UJB13-d, which were isolated from tongue plaque and necrotic dental pulp, were studied taxonomically and phylogenetically. These organisms were anaerobic, non-spore-forming, gram-positive, rod-shaped bacteria that were inert in most of the conventional biochemical tests and phenotypically resemble Mogibacterium species or asaccharolytic Eubacterium species. The G+C contents of the DNAs from the novel isolates ranged from 41 to 42 mol %. DNA-DNA hybridization studies demonstrated that these strains might be assigned to the genus Mogibacterium but not to the previously described species. It was also apparent that strain HM-7 belonged to the same species as strains HM-6 and HH-31, and that strains P9a-hT and UJB13-d belonged to a second species. The levels of DNA-DNA relatedness to asaccharolytic Eubacterium species, including Eubacterium brachy, Eubacterium nodatum, Eubacterium saphenum and the more recently proposed Eubacterium minutum and Eubacterium exiguum (reclassified as Slackia exigua), are less than 2%. The results of 16S rDNA sequence comparisons revealed that these organisms represent novel lineages distinct from all previously described species of gram-positive, rod-shaped bacteria. On the basis of phenotypic characteristics, DNA-DNA hybridization data and phylogenetic analysis with 16S rRNA gene sequence data, new species are proposed, namely Mogibacterium diversum (for strains HM-7, HM-6 and HH-31) and Mogibacterium neglectum (for strains P9a-hT and UJB13-d). HM-7T (= ATCC 700923T = JCM 11205T) is the type strain of the former and P9a-hT (= ATCC 700924T = JCM 11204T) is the type strain for the latter.  (+info)

PCR-based identification of bacteria associated with endodontic infections. (4/75)

PCR primers that target the bacterial 16S rRNA genes (or the tuf gene for the genus Enterococcus) were used to identify 10 putative bacterial pathogens in root canals with necrotic pulp. In addition, the associations of these microorganisms with symptoms and a history of diabetes mellitus were investigated. Microbial samples from the root canals of 24 teeth with necrotic pulp were included in the study. PCR with universal bacterial primers identified bacterial DNA in 22 specimens; the remaining 2 specimens were from intact teeth that had been traumatized 6 months prior to treatment. PCR with specific primers showed that preoperative symptoms were significantly associated with the presence of Streptococcus spp. (P < 0.001 by chi-square analysis). There was also a nonsignificant trend for symptoms to be associated with Fusobacterium nucleatum and Porphyromonas gingivalis (odds ratio, >2) and for diabetes mellitus to be associated with P. gingivalis and Porphyromonas endodontalis (odds ratio, >2). Cloning and sequencing of the universal PCR product in one specimen revealed the presence of an organism related to the genus Olsenella, which has not previously been described in endodontic infections.  (+info)

Yeasts in apical periodontitis. (5/75)

Microbiological reports of apical periodontitis have revealed that yeasts can be isolated from approximately 5-20% of infected root canals. They occur either in pure cultures or together with bacteria. Almost all isolated yeasts belong to the genus Candida, and the predominant species is C. albicans. Pheno- and genotypic profiles of C. albicans isolates show heterogeneity comparable with those of isolates from other oral sites. C. albicans expresses several virulence factors that are capable of infecting the dentin-pulp complex, including dentinal tubules. This causes, consequentially, an inflammatory response around the root apex, which suggests a pathogenic role for this organism in apical periodontitis. Yeasts are particularly associated with persistent root canal infections that do not respond favorably to conservative root canal therapy. This may be due to the resistance of all oral Candida species against a commonly used topical medicament, calcium hydroxide. However, other antimicrobial agents may offer alternative therapeutic approaches and improve the treatment of these persistent cases of apical periodontitis.  (+info)

Prevalence of microorganisms in root canals of human deciduous teeth with necrotic pulp and chronic periapical lesions. (6/75)

The objective of this study was to evaluate bacterial prevalence in 31 root canals of human deciduous teeth with necrotic pulp and periapical lesions using bacterial culture. After crown access, the material was collected using absorbent paper points for microbiological evaluation and determination of colony forming units (CFU). Anaerobic microorganisms were found in 96.7% of the samples, black-pigmented bacilli in 35.5%, aerobic microorganisms in 93.5%, streptococci in 96.7%, and S. mutans in 48.4%. We concluded that in human deciduous teeth root canals with necrotic pulp and periapical lesions the infection is polymicrobial, with a large number of microorganisms and a predominance of streptococci and anaerobic microorganisms.  (+info)

Pathogenesis of apical periodontitis and the causes of endodontic failures. (7/75)

Apical periodontitis is a sequel to endodontic infection and manifests itself as the host defense response to microbial challenge emanating from the root canal system. It is viewed as a dynamic encounter between microbial factors and host defenses at the interface between infected radicular pulp and periodontal ligament that results in local inflammation, resorption of hard tissues, destruction of other periapical tissues, and eventual formation of various histopathological categories of apical periodontitis, commonly referred to as periapical lesions. The treatment of apical periodontitis, as a disease of root canal infection, consists of eradicating microbes or substantially reducing the microbial load from the root canal and preventing re-infection by orthograde root filling. The treatment has a remarkably high degree of success. Nevertheless, endodontic treatment can fail. Most failures occur when treatment procedures, mostly of a technical nature, have not reached a satisfactory standard for the control and elimination of infection. Even when the highest standards and the most careful procedures are followed, failures still occur. This is because there are root canal regions that cannot be cleaned and obturated with existing equipments, materials, and techniques, and thus, infection can persist. In very rare cases, there are also factors located within the inflamed periapical tissue that can interfere with post-treatment healing of the lesion. The data on the biological causes of endodontic failures are recent and scattered in various journals. This communication is meant to provide a comprehensive overview of the etio-pathogenesis of apical periodontitis and the causes of failed endodontic treatments that can be visualized in radiographs as asymptomatic post-treatment periapical radiolucencies.  (+info)

Fiber optic fluorescence microprobe for endodontic diagnosis. (8/75)

Successful endodontic therapy requires total debridement as well as complete obturation of the root canal to the cemento-dentinal junction. The goal of this study was to investigate the feasibility of using quantitative fluorescence spectroscopy for the detection and localization of pathological dentin, pulpal remnants, and microorganisms within the root canal. Specific aims were to identify: 1) characteristic excitation/emission spectra for healthy dentin, decayed dentin, enamel, and pulp; 2) the potential of specific spectral data for differentiating between these tissues; and 3) the potential of spectral data for detecting the presence and identifying four common endodontic pathogens. Fluorescence spectra were determined in the tissues of permanent human teeth, extirpated healthy and necrotic pulps, and four endodontic pathogens. Excitation/emission spectra were collected at 366 nm, 405 nm, and 440 nm excitation. Marked differences in spectral signatures between the different tissues under investigation were observed. We postulate that the differences in fluorescence spectra of decayed vs. healthy dentin are due to the loss of mineralized tissue components and increased organic presence and water in these tissues. Pulpal tissue showed distinctly different fluorescence spectra from healthy and decayed dentin, providing a basis for differentiating between tissue categories. Each bacterial species demonstrated distinct spectral emission patterns.  (+info)

Dental pulp necrosis is the death of the soft tissue inside a tooth, known as the dental pulp. The dental pulp contains nerves, blood vessels, and connective tissue that help the tooth grow and develop. It also provides sensations like hot or cold. Dental pulp necrosis can occur due to various reasons such as tooth decay, trauma, or infection. When the dental pulp dies, it can no longer provide nutrients to the tooth, making it more susceptible to fractures and infections. Symptoms of dental pulp necrosis may include pain, sensitivity, swelling, or abscess formation. Treatment options for dental pulp necrosis typically involve root canal therapy or extraction of the affected tooth.

Dental pulp is the soft tissue located in the center of a tooth, surrounded by the dentin. It contains nerves, blood vessels, and connective tissue, and plays a vital role in the development and health of the tooth. The dental pulp helps to form dentin during tooth development and continues to provide nourishment to the tooth throughout its life. It also serves as a sensory organ, allowing the tooth to detect hot and cold temperatures and transmit pain signals to the brain. Injury or infection of the dental pulp can lead to serious dental problems, such as tooth decay or abscesses, and may require root canal treatment to remove the damaged tissue and save the tooth.

Apexification is a dental procedure used to treat a non-vital or dead tooth that has not fully developed its root end, also known as an open apex. The goal of this treatment is to encourage the continued growth of the root end and formation of a hard tissue barrier at the apex, which will allow for the placement of a permanent filling or crown.

During the procedure, a medication such as calcium hydroxide is placed into the root canal space and left for several months to promote the growth of new hard tissue. After this time, the medication is removed and replaced with a rubber-like material called gutta-percha, which seals the root canal and provides a stable foundation for a permanent restoration.

Apexification is typically recommended for young patients whose teeth are still developing, as it allows them to keep their natural tooth rather than requiring extraction and replacement with a dental implant or bridge.

Periapical periodontitis is a medical condition that affects the tissues surrounding the root tip (apex) of a tooth. It is typically caused by bacterial infection that originates from the dental pulp, which is the soft tissue inside the tooth that contains nerves and blood vessels. When the dental pulp becomes inflamed or infected due to decay or injury, it can lead to periapical periodontitis if left untreated.

The infection spreads from the pulp through the root canal and forms an abscess at the tip of the tooth root. This results in inflammation and destruction of the surrounding bone and periodontal tissues, leading to symptoms such as pain, swelling, tenderness, and sensitivity to hot or cold temperatures.

Periapical periodontitis is usually treated with root canal therapy, which involves removing the infected pulp tissue, cleaning and disinfecting the root canal, and filling and sealing the space to prevent reinfection. In some cases, antibiotics may also be prescribed to help clear up any residual infection. If left untreated, periapical periodontitis can lead to more serious complications such as tooth loss or spread of infection to other parts of the body.

Calcium hydroxide is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula Ca(OH)2. It is also known as slaked lime or hydrated lime. Calcium hydroxide is a white, odorless, tasteless, and alkaline powder that dissolves in water to form a caustic solution.

Medically, calcium hydroxide is used as an antacid to neutralize stomach acid and relieve symptoms of heartburn, indigestion, and upset stomach. It is also used as a topical agent to treat skin conditions such as poison ivy rash, sunburn, and minor burns. When applied to the skin, calcium hydroxide helps to reduce inflammation, neutralize irritants, and promote healing.

In dental applications, calcium hydroxide is used as a filling material for root canals and as a paste to treat tooth sensitivity. It has the ability to stimulate the formation of new dentin, which is the hard tissue that makes up the bulk of the tooth.

It's important to note that calcium hydroxide should be used with caution, as it can cause irritation and burns if it comes into contact with the eyes or mucous membranes. It should also be stored in a cool, dry place away from heat and open flames.

Root canal irrigants are substances used during root canal treatment to clean, disinfect and rinse the root canal system. The main goal is to remove tissue remnants, dentinal debris, and microorganisms from the root canal space, thus reducing the risk of reinfection and promoting healing. Commonly used irrigants include sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), which is a potent antimicrobial agent, and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), which is used to remove the smear layer and improve the penetration of other irrigants and root canal sealers. The choice of irrigant, concentration, and application technique may vary depending on the specific case and clinician's preference.

Dental pulp calcification, also known as pulp stones or denticles, refers to the formation of hard tissue within the pulp chamber of a tooth. The pulp chamber is the central part of a tooth that contains its nerves, blood vessels, and connective tissues.

Pulp calcification occurs when the soft tissue of the pulp gradually transforms into a harder, calcified substance. This can happen as a result of aging, injury, or inflammation in the pulp chamber. Over time, these calcifications can build up and make the pulp chamber smaller, which can potentially lead to problems with the tooth's nerve and blood supply.

While dental pulp calcification is not usually harmful on its own, it can cause issues if it becomes severe enough to compress the tooth's nerve or restrict blood flow. In some cases, calcifications may also make root canal treatment more difficult, as there may be less space to work within the pulp chamber.

Dental pulp capping is a dental procedure that involves the application of a small amount of medication or dressing to a small exposed area of the dental pulp, with the aim of promoting the formation of reparative dentin and preserving the vitality of the pulp. The dental pulp is the soft tissue located inside the tooth, containing nerves, blood vessels, and connective tissues that provide nutrients and sensory functions to the tooth.

Pulp capping may be recommended when the dental pulp is exposed due to tooth decay or trauma, but the pulp is still vital and has the potential to heal. The procedure typically involves cleaning and removing any infected or damaged tissue from the exposure site, followed by the application of a medicated dressing or cement to promote healing and protect the pulp from further injury or infection.

There are two types of pulp capping: direct and indirect. Direct pulp capping involves applying the medication directly to the exposed pulp, while indirect pulp capping involves placing the medication over a thin layer of dentin that has been created to protect the pulp. The success of pulp capping depends on various factors, including the size and depth of the exposure, the patient's age and overall health, and the skill and experience of the dental professional performing the procedure.

Pulpitis is a dental term that refers to the inflammation of the pulp, which is the soft tissue inside the center of a tooth that contains nerves, blood vessels, and connective tissue. The pulp helps to form the dentin, the hard layer beneath the enamel. Pulpitis can result from tooth decay, dental trauma, or other factors that cause damage to the tooth's protective enamel and dentin layers, exposing the pulp to irritants and bacteria.

There are two types of pulpitis: reversible and irreversible. Reversible pulpitis is characterized by mild inflammation that can be treated and potentially reversed with dental intervention, such as a filling or root canal treatment. Irreversible pulpitis, on the other hand, involves severe inflammation that cannot be reversed, and typically requires a root canal procedure to remove the infected pulp tissue and prevent further infection or damage to the tooth.

Symptoms of pulpitis may include tooth sensitivity to hot or cold temperatures, pain or discomfort when biting down or applying pressure to the tooth, and in some cases, spontaneous or radiating pain. If left untreated, pulpitis can lead to more serious dental issues, such as abscesses or bone loss around the affected tooth.

Odontoblasts are defined as columnar-shaped cells that are located in the pulp tissue of teeth, specifically within the predentin region. They are responsible for the formation of dentin, one of the main components of a tooth, by synthesizing and depositing collagenous and non-collagenous proteins, as well as the mineral hydroxyapatite.

Odontoblasts have a single process that extends into the dentinal tubules, which are microscopic channels within the dentin matrix. These cells play a crucial role in sensing external stimuli, such as heat, cold, or pressure, and transmitting signals to the nerves located in the pulp tissue, thereby contributing to the tooth's sensitivity.

In summary, odontoblasts are specialized dental cells that produce dentin, provide structural support for teeth, and contribute to their sensory functions.

Dental care refers to the practice of maintaining and improving the oral health of the teeth and gums. It involves regular check-ups, cleanings, and treatments by dental professionals such as dentists, hygienists, and dental assistants. Dental care also includes personal habits and practices, such as brushing and flossing, that help prevent tooth decay and gum disease.

Regular dental care is important for preventing common dental problems like cavities, gingivitis, and periodontal disease. It can also help detect early signs of more serious health issues, such as oral cancer or diabetes, which can have symptoms that appear in the mouth.

Dental care may involve a range of treatments, from routine cleanings and fillings to more complex procedures like root canals, crowns, bridges, and implants. Dental professionals use various tools and techniques to diagnose and treat dental problems, including X-rays, dental impressions, and local anesthesia.

Overall, dental care is a critical component of overall health and wellness, as poor oral health has been linked to a range of systemic health issues, including heart disease, stroke, and respiratory infections.

Dental pulp exposure is a condition in which the soft, living tissue inside a tooth (the dental pulp) becomes exposed due to damage or injury to the tooth. This can occur as a result of tooth decay that has progressed deeply into the tooth, trauma or fracture that exposes the pulp, or recession of the gums due to periodontal disease.

Exposure of the dental pulp can lead to infection, inflammation, and severe pain. If left untreated, it may result in the need for a root canal procedure or even extraction of the tooth. Therefore, prompt dental treatment is necessary to prevent further complications and preserve the tooth.

Dental pulp diseases are conditions that affect the soft tissue inside a tooth, known as dental pulp. The two main types of dental pulp diseases are pulpitis and apical periodontitis.

Pulpitis is inflammation of the dental pulp, which can be either reversible or irreversible. Reversible pulpitis is characterized by mild to moderate inflammation that can be treated with a dental filling or other conservative treatment. Irreversible pulpitis, on the other hand, involves severe inflammation that cannot be reversed and usually requires root canal therapy.

Apical periodontitis, also known as a tooth abscess, is an infection of the tissue surrounding the tip of the tooth's root. It occurs when the dental pulp dies and becomes infected, causing pus to accumulate in the surrounding bone. Symptoms of apical periodontitis may include pain, swelling, and drainage. Treatment typically involves root canal therapy or extraction of the affected tooth.

Other dental pulp diseases include pulp calcification, which is the hardening of the dental pulp due to age or injury, and internal resorption, which is the breakdown and destruction of the dental pulp by the body's own cells. These conditions may not cause any symptoms but can weaken the tooth and increase the risk of fracture.

Necrosis is the premature death of cells or tissues due to damage or injury, such as from infection, trauma, infarction (lack of blood supply), or toxic substances. It's a pathological process that results in the uncontrolled and passive degradation of cellular components, ultimately leading to the release of intracellular contents into the extracellular space. This can cause local inflammation and may lead to further tissue damage if not treated promptly.

There are different types of necrosis, including coagulative, liquefactive, caseous, fat, fibrinoid, and gangrenous necrosis, each with distinct histological features depending on the underlying cause and the affected tissues or organs.

Secondary dentin is a type of dentin that is formed after the initial development of the tooth. It is produced in response to stimuli such as tooth wear or injury and continues to form throughout an individual's life. Unlike primary dentin, which is laid down during tooth development and has a more uniform structure, secondary dentin is often deposited in a less organized manner and can vary in thickness. The formation of secondary dentin can help to protect the pulp tissue within the tooth from further damage or infection.

Dental education refers to the process of teaching, training, and learning in the field of dentistry. It involves a curriculum of academic and clinical instruction that prepares students to become licensed dental professionals, such as dentists, dental hygienists, and dental assistants. Dental education typically takes place in accredited dental schools or programs and includes classroom study, laboratory work, and supervised clinical experience. The goal of dental education is to provide students with the knowledge, skills, and values necessary to deliver high-quality oral health care to patients and promote overall health and wellness.

Dental caries, also known as tooth decay or cavities, refers to the damage or breakdown of the hard tissues of the teeth (enamel, dentin, and cementum) due to the activity of acid-producing bacteria. These bacteria ferment sugars from food and drinks, producing acids that dissolve and weaken the tooth structure, leading to cavities.

The process of dental caries development involves several stages:

1. Demineralization: The acidic environment created by bacterial activity causes minerals (calcium and phosphate) to be lost from the tooth surface, making it weaker and more susceptible to decay.
2. Formation of a white spot lesion: As demineralization progresses, a chalky white area appears on the tooth surface, indicating early caries development.
3. Cavity formation: If left untreated, the demineralization process continues, leading to the breakdown and loss of tooth structure, resulting in a cavity or hole in the tooth.
4. Infection and pulp involvement: As the decay progresses deeper into the tooth, it can reach the dental pulp (the soft tissue containing nerves and blood vessels), causing infection, inflammation, and potentially leading to toothache, abscess, or even tooth loss.

Preventing dental caries involves maintaining good oral hygiene, reducing sugar intake, using fluoride toothpaste and mouthwash, and having regular dental check-ups and cleanings. Early detection and treatment of dental caries can help prevent further progression and more severe complications.

"Schools, Dental" is not a recognized medical term or concept. It seems that there might be some confusion in the terminology used. If you are referring to "Dental Schools," they are educational institutions that offer professional training programs in dentistry, leading to a degree in dental surgery (DDS) or dental medicine (DMD).

If you meant something else, please clarify the term or concept, and I would be happy to provide more information.

I'm happy to help! However, I believe there may be a slight misunderstanding in your question. "Students, Dental" is not a medical term or definition. Instead, it likely refers to individuals who are studying to become dental professionals, such as dentists, dental hygienists, or dental assistants.

If you're looking for information about dental education or the field of dentistry, I would be happy to provide some resources or answer any questions you may have!

Dentinogenesis is the process of dentin formation, which is one of the main components of teeth. Dentin is a hard, calcified tissue that lies beneath the tooth's enamel and cementum layers, providing structural support and protection to the pulp tissue containing nerves and blood vessels. The process of dentinogenesis involves the differentiation and activation of odontoblasts, which are specialized cells that synthesize and secrete the organic and inorganic components of dentin matrix. These components include collagenous proteins and hydroxyapatite crystals, which form a highly mineralized tissue that is both strong and flexible. Dentinogenesis continues throughout life as new layers of dentin are formed in response to various stimuli such as tooth wear, dental caries, or injury.

Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-α) is a cytokine, a type of small signaling protein involved in immune response and inflammation. It is primarily produced by activated macrophages, although other cell types such as T-cells, natural killer cells, and mast cells can also produce it.

TNF-α plays a crucial role in the body's defense against infection and tissue injury by mediating inflammatory responses, activating immune cells, and inducing apoptosis (programmed cell death) in certain types of cells. It does this by binding to its receptors, TNFR1 and TNFR2, which are found on the surface of many cell types.

In addition to its role in the immune response, TNF-α has been implicated in the pathogenesis of several diseases, including autoimmune disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, and psoriasis, as well as cancer, where it can promote tumor growth and metastasis.

Therapeutic agents that target TNF-α, such as infliximab, adalimumab, and etanercept, have been developed to treat these conditions. However, these drugs can also increase the risk of infections and other side effects, so their use must be carefully monitored.

Pulp capping is a dental procedure that involves the application of a small amount of dressing to a small exposed area of the pulp in order to promote healing and maintain the vitality of the pulp. The agents used for pulp capping are known as pulp capping agents, which typically include calcium hydroxide-based materials and mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA). These materials stimulate the formation of a hard tissue barrier between the pulp and dentin, protecting the pulp from infection and further injury.

Pulpectomy, on the other hand, is a dental procedure that involves the complete removal of the pulp tissue from the root canal system. After the removal of the pulp tissue, the root canal system is cleaned, shaped, and filled with a suitable filling material to prevent reinfection and maintain the structural integrity of the tooth.

Pulpectomy agents are the materials used during the pulpectomy procedure to clean, shape, and fill the root canal system. These agents may include irrigants such as sodium hypochlorite or chlorhexidine, files and reamers for shaping the root canal system, and filling materials such as gutta-percha and root canal sealers. The choice of pulpectomy agents depends on various factors, including the size and shape of the root canal system, the presence of any infection or inflammation, and the patient's individual needs and preferences.

The dental papilla is a type of tissue found in the developing tooth within the jawbone. It is composed of cells that will eventually differentiate into odontoblasts, which are the cells responsible for producing dentin, one of the main hard tissues that make up the tooth. The dental papilla is located in the center of the tooth germ and is surrounded by the dental follicle, another type of tissue that helps to form the tooth. As the tooth develops, the dental papilla becomes smaller and eventually forms the pulp chamber, which contains the blood vessels, nerves, and connective tissue that support and nourish the tooth.

The dental pulp cavity, also known as the pulp chamber, is the innermost part of a tooth that contains the dental pulp. It is located in the crown portion of the tooth and is shaped like an upside-down pyramid with the narrow end point towards the root of the tooth.

The dental pulp is a soft tissue that contains nerves, blood vessels, and connective tissue. It plays an important role in the development and maintenance of the tooth, including providing nutrients to the dentin and producing reparative dentin.

The dental pulp cavity can become infected or inflamed due to tooth decay, trauma, or other factors, leading to symptoms such as pain, sensitivity, and swelling. In such cases, treatment options may include root canal therapy, which involves removing the infected or inflamed pulp tissue from the dental pulp cavity and sealing the space to prevent further infection.

Dental care for chronically ill refers to the oral health management and treatment provided to individuals who have chronic medical conditions. These patients often require specialized dental care due to their increased risk of developing oral health problems as a result of their underlying medical condition or its treatment. The goal of dental care for the chronically ill is to prevent and manage dental diseases, such as tooth decay and gum disease, in order to maintain overall health and quality of life. This may involve close collaboration between dental professionals, physicians, and other healthcare providers to ensure that the patient's oral health needs are being met in a comprehensive and coordinated manner.

A cutaneous fistula is a type of fistula that occurs when a tract or tunnel forms between the skin (cutaneous) and another organ or structure, such as the gastrointestinal tract, vagina, or urinary system. Cutaneous fistulas can result from various medical conditions, including infections, inflammatory diseases, surgical complications, trauma, or malignancies.

Cutaneous fistulas may present with symptoms such as drainage of fluid or pus from the skin, pain, redness, swelling, or irritation around the affected area. The treatment for cutaneous fistulas depends on their underlying cause and can range from conservative management with antibiotics and wound care to surgical intervention.

It is essential to seek medical attention if you suspect a cutaneous fistula, as untreated fistulas can lead to complications such as infection, sepsis, or tissue damage. A healthcare professional can provide an accurate diagnosis and develop an appropriate treatment plan based on the individual's needs.

A fistula is an abnormal connection or passage between two organs, vessels, or body parts that usually do not connect. It can form as a result of injury, infection, surgery, or disease. A fistula can occur anywhere in the body but commonly forms in the digestive system, genital area, or urinary system. The symptoms and treatment options for a fistula depend on its location and underlying cause.

A gastric fistula is an abnormal connection or passage between the stomach and another organ or the skin surface. This condition can occur as a result of complications from surgery, injury, infection, or certain diseases such as cancer. Symptoms may include persistent drainage from the site of the fistula, pain, malnutrition, and infection. Treatment typically involves surgical repair of the fistula and management of any underlying conditions.

A dental fistula is an abnormal connection or tunnel that develops between the oral cavity and the skin or other soft tissues, usually as a result of an infection in the teeth or surrounding structures. The infection can lead to the formation of a pus-filled sac (abscess) that eventually breaks through the bone or soft tissue, creating a small opening or channel that allows the pus to drain out.

The dental fistula is often accompanied by symptoms such as pain, swelling, redness, and difficulty swallowing or chewing. The infection can spread to other parts of the body if left untreated, so it's important to seek medical attention promptly if you suspect that you have a dental fistula.

The treatment for a dental fistula typically involves addressing the underlying infection, which may involve antibiotics, drainage of the abscess, and/or removal of the affected tooth or teeth. In some cases, surgery may be necessary to repair the damage to the bone or soft tissue and prevent further complications.

An arteriovenous fistula is an abnormal connection or passageway between an artery and a vein. This connection causes blood to flow directly from the artery into the vein, bypassing the capillary network that would normally distribute the oxygen-rich blood to the surrounding tissues.

Arteriovenous fistulas can occur as a result of trauma, disease, or as a planned surgical procedure for patients who require hemodialysis, a treatment for advanced kidney failure. In hemodialysis, the arteriovenous fistula serves as a site for repeated access to the bloodstream, allowing for efficient removal of waste products and excess fluids.

The medical definition of an arteriovenous fistula is:

"An abnormal communication between an artery and a vein, usually created by surgical means for hemodialysis access or occurring as a result of trauma, congenital defects, or disease processes such as vasculitis or neoplasm."

An intestinal fistula is an abnormal communication or connection between the intestines (or a portion of the intestine) and another organ or the skin surface. This connection forms a tract or passage, allowing the contents of the intestines, such as digestive enzymes, bacteria, and waste materials, to leak into other body areas or outside the body. Intestinal fistulas can develop due to various reasons, including inflammatory bowel diseases (like Crohn's disease), infections, complications from surgery, radiation therapy, or trauma. They can cause symptoms such as abdominal pain, diarrhea, skin irritation, and infection. Treatment of intestinal fistulas often involves a combination of medical management, nutritional support, and surgical intervention.

A bronchial fistula is an abnormal connection or passage between the bronchial tree (the airways in the lungs) and the surrounding tissues, such as the pleural space (the space between the lungs and the chest wall), blood vessels, or other organs. This condition can result from various causes, including lung injury, infection, surgery, or certain diseases such as cancer or tuberculosis.

Bronchial fistulas can lead to symptoms like coughing, wheezing, shortness of breath, and chest pain. They may also cause air leaks, pneumothorax (collapsed lung), or chronic infections. Treatment for bronchial fistulas depends on the underlying cause and severity of the condition but often involves surgical repair or closure of the abnormal connection.

... and subsequently pulp necrosis. Pulpal necrosis can also occur as a result of dental treatments such as iatrogenic damage due ... There are a plethora of ways to diagnose pulp necrosis in a tooth. The diagnosis of pulp necrosis can be based on the following ... "Early detection of pulp necrosis and dental vitality after traumatic dental injuries in children and adolescents by 3-Tesla ... When a tooth is displaced from its normal position as a result of dental trauma, it can result in pulp necrosis due to the ...
This inflammatory cyst originated from a reaction to dental pulp necrosis. Dentigerous cyst, the second most prevalent cyst, is ... This can be due to their oral and dental condition or inherited condition. In some cases, there are some cysts remain after the ... The high prevalence of tooth impactions and dental infections that occur in the bones of the jaws is also significant to ... Most cysts do not cause any symptoms, and are discovered on routine dental radiographs. Some cysts may not require any ...
Untreated dental caries then allow bacteria to reach the level of the pulp, causing infection. The bacteria gains access to the ... This infection is what causes necrosis of the pulp. Larger cysts may cause bone expansion or displace roots. Discoloration of ... "Bone - Structural Characteristics - School of Dental Medicine - University of Pittsburgh". dental.pitt.edu. "the definition of ... the cyst is caused by pulpal necrosis secondary to dental caries or trauma. Its lining is derived from the epithelial cell ...
Excessive pressure can lead to frictional heat that may cause pulpal discomfort or necrosis of the dental pulp. Surfaces of ... Dental tape is used for polishing the proximal surfaces of teeth that are inaccessible to other polishing instruments. It is ... This has placed dental professionals into an ethical dilemma on whether or not this service should be provided. Many factors ... Debridement (dental) Jones, Trish (July 2016). "Selective Polishing: An Approach to Comprehensive Polishing" (PDF). www.rdhmag. ...
Dental trauma which may cause staining either as a result of pulp necrosis or internal resorption. Alternatively the tooth may ... Dental Materials. 20 (9): 852-861. doi:10.1016/j.dental.2004.04.002. ISSN 0109-5641. PMID 15451241. American Dental Association ... Bleaching agents are only allowed to be given by dental practitioners, dental therapists, and dental hygienists. Bleaching is ... Dental plaque: Dental plaque is a clear biofilm of bacteria that naturally forms in the mouth, particularly along the gumline, ...
There is a small risk of pulp necrosis. If root canal treatment is attempted it can be difficult or impossible on a tooth with ... The exact causes of pulp obliteration are unclear but it typically occurs in response to dental trauma, especially following ... Pulp canal obliteration (also termed pulp chamber obliteration or root canal obliteration) is a condition which can occur in ... "The Dental Trauma Guide". dentaltraumaguide.org. Copenhagen University Hospital and the International Association of Dental ...
... dental pulp necrosis MeSH C23.550.717.365 - fat necrosis MeSH C23.550.717.427 - gangrene MeSH C23.550.717.489 - infarction MeSH ... MeSH C23.300.070.500 - muscular atrophy MeSH C23.300.175.350 - dental calculus MeSH C23.300.175.525 - gallstones MeSH C23.300. ... dental fistula MeSH C23.300.575.500.550 - oroantral fistula MeSH C23.300.575.500.775 - salivary gland fistula MeSH C23.300. ... C23.550.717.732 - osteonecrosis MeSH C23.550.717.732.368 - femur head necrosis MeSH C23.550.727.045 - anaplasia MeSH C23.550. ...
... is a technique used in dental restorations to prevent the dental pulp from necrosis, after being exposed, or ... To prevent the pulp from deteriorating when a dental restoration gets near the pulp, the dentist will place a small amount of a ... The ultimate goal of pulp capping or stepwise caries removal is to protect a healthy dental pulp and avoid the need for root ... In direct pulp capping, the protective dressing is placed directly over an exposed pulp; and in indirect pulp capping, a thin ...
Potential sequelae can involve pulpal necrosis, pulp obliteration and root resorption. Necrosis is the most common complication ... The study of dental trauma is called dental traumatology. Dental injuries include: Enamel infraction Enamel fracture Enamel- ... Pulp necrosis usually occurs either as ischaemic necrosis (infarction) caused by disruption to the blood supply at the apical ... Dental trauma often lead to the main complication such as pulpal necrosis, and it is nearly impossible to predict the long-term ...
Contrarily, when compared with vital pulp, pulp with partial necrosis will not be stimulated as extensively. In the case of ... Dental pulpal testing is a clinical and diagnostic aid used in dentistry to help establish the health of the dental pulp within ... Ehrmann, EH (August 1977). "Pulp testers and pulp testing with particular reference to the use of dry ice". Australian Dental ... The use of dual wavelength light establishes the contents within the pulp chamber. Chen, Eugene (September 2009). "Dental Pulp ...
Inflammation of the dental pulp, termed pulpitis, produces true hypersensitivity of the nerves in the dental pulp. Pulpitis is ... classified as irreversible when pulpal inflammation will irreversibly progress to pulpal necrosis due to compression of the ... coolant water jet from a dental instrument. Electrical - electric pulp testers. Mechanical-tactile - dental probe during dental ... Movement of dentinal fluid away from the pulp can be caused by triggers such as cold and drying and movement towards the pulp ...
The dental pulp is essentially a mature dental papilla. The development of dental pulp can also be split into two stages: ... Pulp necrosis is when the pulp has died/dying. Causes include untreated caries, trauma or bacterial infection. It is often ... The dental papilla is the origin of dental pulp. Cells at the periphery of the dental papilla undergo cell division and ... Dental pulp stem cells Dental pulp test "Endodontium". Archived from the original on 2017-02-20. Retrieved 2013-07-23. ...
... pulp necrosis, apical periodontitis, periodontal pockets, impacted teeth, and mucous retention cysts. One exception is ... Dental barotrauma is a condition in which such changes in barometric pressure changes cause damage to the dentition. The most ... Zadik Y, Einy S, Pokroy R, Bar Dayan Y, Goldstein L (June 2006). "Dental fractures on acute exposure to high altitude" (PDF). ... Barodontalgia is a symptom of dental disease, for example inflammatory cyst in the mandible. Indeed, most of the common oral ...
Radiographically, a clear band of dentine should be able to be seen between the carious lesion and the dental pulp, the carious ... symptoms of irreversible pulpitis or pulpal necrosis More than half of the root has resorbed and the primary tooth is close to ... However, if the patient experiences pain/discomfort after the initial few days, consult your dental professional. A dental ... "The Australian and New Zealand journal of dental and oral health therapy / ADOHTA, New Zealand Dental Therapist' Association ...
... or within a cavity with a missing dental restoration. Due to lack of intrapulpal pressure in an open lesion, pulp necrosis does ... A pulp polyp, also known as chronic hyperplastic pulpitis, is a "productive" (i.e., growing) inflammation of dental pulp in ... Clinically, pulp polyps present as a small, pink-red, lobulated mass protruding from the pulp chamber and filling or ... Pulp polyps usually show no radiographic apical lesions, however in long standing polyps or in those with extensive pulp ...
Sometimes, the trauma might cause pulpal damage and there is a minimal risk of pulpal necrosis, thus follow-up is essential. A ... Any sensitivity testing of the pulp may provide a negative response, in which case it is important to continue monitoring until ... Lam R (March 2016). "Epidemiology and outcomes of traumatic dental injuries: a review of the literature". Australian Dental ... and even overlooked by caregivers when treating more serious dental traumas in adjacent teeth. Dental trauma Subluxation ...
... pulp fibroblasts and other niche cells in dental pulp and dentin regeneration. To ensure the success of dental pulp and dentin ... The presence of dens evaginatus or dens invaginatus were the second most common etiology of pulp necrosis in immature teeth. ... "In Vivo Generation of Dental Pulp-like Tissue by Using Dental Pulp Stem Cells, a Collagen Scaffold, and Dentin Matrix Protein 1 ... Apexogenesis, (which can be used when the pulp is injured but not necrotic) leaves the apical one-third of the dental pulp in ...
... shaped on dental radiographs. As well as this, numerous pulp stones can often be found in the pulp chambers due to abnormal ... An alternative treatment for teeth with periapical abscesses and pulpal necrosis is dental extraction. Retrograde fillings and ... Dental X-rays are the key to diagnosing dentine dysplasia, especially on permanent teeth. Abnormalities of the pulp chamber is ... Dentine is laid down abnormally and causes excessive growth within the pulp chamber. This will reduce the pulp space and ...
Those cracks that are irritating the pulp but do not extend through the pulp chamber can be amenable to stabilizing dental ... Left untreated, pulpitis may become irreversible, then progress to pulp necrosis (death of the pulp) and apical periodontitis. ... There are many possible non-dental causes, but the vast majority of toothache is dental in origin. Both the pulp and ... dentin forms the bulk of the tooth and surrounds the pulp system. The part of the pulp inside the crown is the pulp chamber, ...
"Epidermal growth factor enhances osteogenic differentiation of dental pulp stem cells in vitro". Head & Face Medicine. 11: 29. ... Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) Wnt Signaling Pathway The alpha granules in blood ...
... dental pulp calcification MeSH C07.793.237.283 - dental pulp exposure MeSH C07.793.237.315 - dental pulp necrosis MeSH C07.793. ... dental caries MeSH C07.793.720.210.220 - dental fissures MeSH C07.793.720.210.650 - root caries MeSH C07.793.850.725 - tooth ... dental calculus MeSH C07.793.208.377 - dental plaque MeSH C07.793.237.252 - ... dental enamel hypoplasia MeSH C07.650.800.100 - anodontia MeSH C07.650.800.250 - dens in dente MeSH C07.650.800.260 - dentin ...
However, it also leads to superficial necrosis of the pulp tissue in contact with the medication and has been shown to be toxic ... Tooth crown fractures are one of the most common dental injuries and the pulp is exposed in approximately 25% of all crown ... During pulpotomy, the inflamed/diseased pulp tissue is removed from the coronal pulp chamber of the tooth leaving healthy pulp ... of inflamed pulp tissue beneath an exposure to reach the level of healthy pulp tissue. The surface of the remaining pulp is ...
This type of dental trauma is complex and is commonly associated with pulpal necrosis and inflammatory ankylosis. Management is ... disruption of the neurovascular supply to the pulp, and communication or fracture of the alveolar socket. Intrusive traumas ... A source of evidence-based treatment guidelines for dental trauma". Dental Traumatology. 28 (2): 142-147. doi:10.1111/j.1600- ... "Guidelines for the management of traumatic dental injuries. III. Primary teeth". Dental Traumatology. 23 (4): 196-202. doi: ...
At the core of the tooth is soft connective tissue termed the dental pulp. The pulp is pink/red due to its vascularity, but is ... Teeth may turn grey following trauma-induced pulp necrosis (death of the pulp). This discoloration typically develops weeks or ... In other cases it may indicate underlying pathology such as pulp necrosis or rarely a systemic disorder. Most extrinsic ... Another possible factor is the lack of pulp pressure in dentinal tubules once the pulp is removed, leading to incorporation of ...
... radicular pulp with irreversible pulpitis or necrosis). The radicular pulp is removed, the pulp canals are filled with a ... usually as a result of dental caries or dental injuries) can still eat and chew to a certain extent. Dental caries, also known ... In pulp therapy, areas of decay and infected pulp tissue are removed, then the pulp is sealed with medicaments. Medicaments are ... Treatment options include: Indirect pulp capping (IPC) Direct pulp capping (DPC) Pulpotomy Pulpectomy Indirect pulp capping ( ...
... most commonly caused by bacterial invasion of the pulp of the tooth. It is a likely outcome of untreated dental caries (tooth ... irreversible pulpitis and pulpal necrosis. Other causes can include occlusal trauma due to 'high spots' after restoration work ... 2010). Cohen's pathways of the pulp (10th ed.). St. Louis, Mo.: Mosby Elsevier. pp. 529-555. ISBN 978-0-323-06489-7. (Articles ... the consequence of spread of infection from the tooth pulp (odontogenic infection), or into a periapical cyst, where an ...
... it can produce chronic inflammation and result in pulp necrosis. Brands include Kalzinol and Sedanol. Dental cements are used ... They are biocompatible with the dental pulp to some extent. Clinically, this material was initially used as a biomaterial to ... Karabucak B, Li D, Lim J, Iqbal M (August 2005). "Vital pulp therapy with mineral trioxide aggregate". Dental Traumatology. 21 ... Dental restorative materials are used to replace tooth structure loss, usually due to dental caries (cavities), but also tooth ...
Wide pulp horns (34%) Narrow pulp horns (22%) Constricted pulp horns (14%) Isolated pulp horn remnants (20%) No pulp horn (10 ... It is a challenging task to differentiate between a true periapical lesion and a normal periapical radiolucency of a dental ... In 70% of the cases, the fine pulpal extension were exposed which can lead to infection, pulpal necrosis and periapical ... Occlusion, restoration, pulp and periapex assessment should be done yearly. When there is adequate pulp recession, tubercle can ...
Merigo E; Manfredi M; Meleti M; Corradi D; Vescovi P (2005). "Jaw bone necrosis without previous dental extractions associated ... Dental Publ Co. Burns RC; Cohen S (1980). Pathways of the pulp (2nd ed.). St. Louis, MO: Mosby. pp. 55-7. ISBN 978-0-8016-1009- ... 1848). A practical treatise on dental medicine. Philadelphia: Lindsay & Blakiston. "Necrosis of the lower jaw in makers of ... Philadelphia: S.S. White Dental Mfg Co. Black GV (1915). A work on special dental pathology (2nd ed.). Chicago: Medico_ ...
Dental pulp, which is a richly vascularized and innervated tissue, is enclosed by tissues, such as dentin, which are incapable ... When the disease process is of pulpal origin, the pulpal infection and necrosis may drain not only through the apical foramen, ... Kakehashi, S. The effects of surgical exposures of dental pulps in germ-free and conventional laboratory rats. Oral Surg Oral ... Hajdaragic-Ibricevic, H. The effects of propolis on the reparative processes of the pulp and histological analysis of the pulp ...
... and subsequently pulp necrosis. Pulpal necrosis can also occur as a result of dental treatments such as iatrogenic damage due ... There are a plethora of ways to diagnose pulp necrosis in a tooth. The diagnosis of pulp necrosis can be based on the following ... "Early detection of pulp necrosis and dental vitality after traumatic dental injuries in children and adolescents by 3-Tesla ... When a tooth is displaced from its normal position as a result of dental trauma, it can result in pulp necrosis due to the ...
Dental caries can lead to pain, infection, pulp necrosis, and tooth loss; as such, it is still considered the most prevalent ... S. Parker, "Surgical lasers and hard dental tissue," British Dental Journal, vol. 202, no. 8, pp. 445-454, 2007. ... Most of the studies on the effect of dental lasers on the mineral content of hard tooth tissues have been carried out on ... L. K. A. Rodrigues, M. N. Santos, D. Pereira, A. V. Assaf, and V. Pardi, "Carbon dioxide laser in dental caries prevention," ...
... and allow bacteria to invade the pulp, producing a pulpitis. Pulpitis can progress to necrosis, with bacterial invasion of the ... A periapical abscess that originates in the dental pulp and is usually secondary to dental caries is the most common dental ... encoded search term (Dental Abscess) and Dental Abscess What to Read Next on Medscape ... Dental abscess is rare in infants because abscesses do not form until teeth erupt. In children, periapical abscess is the most ...
... diseases are broadly divided into reversible and irreversible pulpitis and are based on the ability of the inflamed dental pulp ... The pulp polyp, also known as chronic hyperplastic pulpitis or proliferative pulpitis, is an uncommon and specific type of ... and partial pulp necrosis. Extremely deep lesions were defined as carious lesions that penetrated the entire thickness of the ... Pulp polyps involving the primary, first, and second mandibular molars in a young child with extensive dental caries. View ...
Extraoral sinus of dental origin occurs when infection of dental pulp necrosis spreads through the path of least resistance ... 23] Oral/dental causes increasing MRONJ include abscesses, periodontal disease, dental caries, exostoses and tori, and dental ... Unusual dental malformations may lead to periapical dental infections. Dens in dente or dens evaginatus, an axial invagination ... However, preventive dental care reduces this incidence, and nonsurgical dental procedures can prevent new cases. For those who ...
Classification of the sensory nerves in dental pulp.. Vis tabell. Tabel 1. Classification of the sensory nerves in dental pulp. ... followed by partial or progressive pulp tissue degradation and necrosis. Appropriate treatment of the diseased pulp aims to ... The dental pulp tissue is a loose connective tissue well supplied by blood vessels and nerves. The connective tissue comprises ... Närhi M. Activation of dental pulp nerves of the cat and the dog with hydrostatic pressure. Proc Finn Dent Soc. 1978; 74(Suppl ...
Earn up to 1/2 Continuing Education Credit after reading this article about pulp capping materials. ... The state of pulp vitality, the amount of pulpal necrosis, and related periapical damage can all impact the outcomes of placing ... Goals of Pulp Capping. Pulp capping promotes the healing of a damaged pulp by creating a barrier over the pulp tissue to allow ... Direct pulp caps. In this case, pulp capping agents are placed directly over pulp tissue that is exposed due to decay, trauma, ...
Healthy subjects with pulp necrosis on multirooted teeth were observed. Canal shaping was performed with WaveOne Gold Primary ( ... dental materials; composite resins; dental caries; clinical dentistry; esthetic dentistry; dental education. Special Issues, ... Department of Surgical Sciences, Dental School, University of Turin, 10124 Turin, Italy. Interests: dental materials and ... Fabrication of a clinically successful dental prosthesis requires clear and effective communication between dentists and dental ...
Thermal sensitivity does not respond when there is pulp necrosis. Pulp necrosis refers to the death of the dental pulp, which ... If left untreated, pulpitis can lead to pulp necrosis, which is the death of the dental pulp. Finally, an abscess can form, ... A. Pulpitis , pulp necrosis and abscess Explanation. The correct answer is "Pulpitis, pulp necrosis, and abscess." This is the ... A. Pulp horn , roof and floor of pulp chamber Explanation. The correct answer is pulp horn, roof, and floor of the pulp chamber ...
... diseases are broadly divided into reversible and irreversible pulpitis and are based on the ability of the inflamed dental pulp ... The pulp polyp, also known as chronic hyperplastic pulpitis or proliferative pulpitis, is an uncommon and specific type of ... and partial pulp necrosis. Extremely deep lesions were defined as carious lesions that penetrated the entire thickness of the ... Pulp polyps involving the primary, first, and second mandibular molars in a young child with extensive dental caries. View ...
Dental Pulp Necrosis People do not always think of teeth as alive, but they are. At the center of each tooth is an... ... The most important thing a patient can do to extend the life of a root canal is to practice good dental hygiene. Good dental ... How Long Do Dental Sealants Last? And Are They Worth It? Book An Appointment. Use this simple form to book an appointment with ... What Are Dental Sealants Made Of? (And Are They Toxic?) * Can My General Dentist Perform a Root Canal, or Do I Need to See a ...
Global general dental devices and equipment market size is expected at $18.76 Bn by 2027 at a growth rate of 10.7%. ... Necrosis of the pulp, bone resorption, hypo/hyperpigmentation, scarring among others is the complications associated with ... ACE Dental, Carestream Dental, Curve Dental Inc., Datacon Dental Systems Inc., DentiMax, ABELDent, MOGO Inc., Open Dental ... dental implants, crowns, bridges, dental biomaterials, dental chairs and equipment, and other dental devices. A dental implant ...
When the pulp becomes infected or injured due to dental decay, trauma, or other causes, the blood supply is cut off. This leads ... This is called pulp necrosis. With the nerve signals gone, the tooth becomes unresponsive to stimuli that would normally ... Is Your Cat Suffering from Dental Problems? Heres How to Tell. ByCDHP Dental Health Project ... ByCDHP Dental Health Project. Are you worried about your teeth falling out after getting braces? Its a common concern, but the ...
Dental pulp can have different status: Healthy Pulp Reversible pulpitis Irreversible pulpitis Pulpal necrosis low cost viagra ... Pulp necrobiosis Peri-radicular pain can originate in the dental pulp and/or in the peri-radicular tissues. It can levitra ...
Do orthodontic movements of traumatized teeth induce dental pulp necrosis? A systematic review. Duarte, Pedro Henrique Marks; ... Dental Follicle Stem Cells Promote Periodontal Regeneration through Periostin-Mediated Macrophage Infiltration and ...
The subsequent inflammatory response (pulpitis) and progression to pulp death (pulp necrosis) is a common cause of dental pain. ... Dental caries, also known as tooth decay, is the destruction of tooth tissue from acid release by bacteria in dental plaque. ... Dental caries creates a direct pathway for bacteria to irritate pulp tissue. ... Many people cant afford dental care so a lot of dental health problems present to GPs - so in fact Medicare IS already paying ...
Introduction : Orthodontic movement may cause a great number of tissue alterations in the dental pulp. However, these changes ... FERREIRA, Luciana Louzada et al. Lack of pulp sensitivity in maxillary canines submitted to orthodontic traction: a ... Objective : The aim of this study was to clinically assess the incidence of negative pulp sensitivity to cold among maxillary ... Results: Fourteen teeth from the experimental group showed lack of pulp sensitivity, whereas only one tooth from the control ...
Traditional methods of evaluating the status of dental pulp tissue in clinical practice have limitations. The rapid and ... However, dental pulp blood analysis might more accurately reflect the pathophysiologic conditions of dental pulp in ... pulpitis may result in pulp necrosis, periapical periodontitis and more severe conditions[7]. ... Miyuki Azuma et al studied immune responses in mouse dental pulp and found that expression of CD86 was enhanced in dental pulp ...
Zach and Cohen [2] evaluated the histological responses of dental pulp to thermal stress in Macaca rhesus monkeys. They found ... irreversible pulpal inflammation or necrosis [2, 3], bone resorption, and tooth ankylosis [4]. ... L. Zach and G. Cohen, "Pulp response to externally applied heat," Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology, vol. 19, no. 4, ... W. S. Brown, W. A. Dewey, and H. R. Jacobs, "Thermal properties of teeth," Journal of Dental Research, vol. 49, no. 4, pp. 752- ...
Dental Pulp Necrosis 1 0 Central Nervous System Neoplasms 1 0 Endometrial Neoplasms 1 0 ...
what is pulp necrosis. death of the pulp. what is used to promote secondary dentine. calcium hydroxide ... One of the methods used in the dental workplace to prevent cross-infection is to kill bacteria and fungi, but not spores or ... Which of the following mops would be used to clean the clinical area of the dental environment?. yellow ...
Label: dental pulp disease Synonyms: dental pulp disease Alternative IDs: als API: GO ...
In the background, there are various causes, most of which cause the infection of the dental pulp and lead to inflammation, ... or even immediate pulp necrosis occurs. The result is the same in all cases, the tooth dies, so that a root canal treatment ... Endodontology is a branch of science that deals with the anatomy, function and health of the pulp (tooth pulp) or of the ... dental trauma. *iatrogenic causes - possible undesirable consequences of dental treatment (e.g. preparation, orthodontic ...
Dental Sac 14% * Dental Pulp Capping 14% * Dental Models 14% * ethylenediamine 13% ...
Diseases of the Pulp, . . 122 Dental Periostitis. Alveolar Abscess. Periostitis and Necrosis of the Maxillae. Dental Exostosis ... 6. Pulp-cavity, c. Cement, d. Dentine. vous structure, the dental pulp. The vessels and nerves of the pulp enter the chamber ... DENTAL PERIOSTITIS. 137 DENTAL PERIOSTITIS-ALVEOLAR ABSCESS- PE- RIOSTITIS AND NECROSIS OF. THE MAXILLAE, DENTAL EXOSTOSIS AND ... 122 DISEASES OF TIIE PULP. EXPOSURE OF TIIE PULP-DISEASES OE TIIE PULP. Exposure of the Pulp.-In the last section the treat- ...
... resulting in pulp necrosis. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) ... Effects of VEGF and FGF2 on the revascularization of severved human dental pulps. Journal of dental research. 2008 Dec;87(12): ... Effects of VEGF and FGF2 on the revascularization of severved human dental pulps. In: Journal of dental research. 2008 ; Vol. ... Effects of VEGF and FGF2 on the revascularization of severved human dental pulps. Journal of dental research, 87(12), 1144-1148 ...
Whole dental pulp coming out from a draining tooth A dead tooth is caused by pulp necrosis or tooth necrosis. Pulp necrosis ... Similarly, what causes pulp calcification? The dental pulp calcification presents as masses of calcified tissue present on the ... When the pulp of the tooth gets sick and you have a toothache, you need a dental specialist who is experienced and trained to ... If pulp necrosis is not promptly treated, the infection can spread to the jawbone area. In addition, the structure of the tooth ...
Dental caries penetrating into dentin. , Pulp necrosis. , Unsatisfactory restoration. Courtesy of Dr J. Tsai, 2022 ...
The American Academy of Pediatrics updates its dental trauma guidelines to help nondentists prevent and quickly respond to ... Make caregivers aware of the potential for root resorption, ankylosis, or pulpal necrosis; they should be vigilant for crown ... crown fracture with exposed pulp (complicated), root fracture, and alveolar fracture. ... Nondentists can play a key role in preventing and treating dental trauma, according to a new report by the American Academy of ...
  • It is often the end result of many cases of dental trauma, caries and irreversible pulpitis. (wikipedia.org)
  • The pulp can respond (reversible pulpitis, irreversible pulpitis, partial necrosis, total necrosis) in a variety of ways to irritants. (wikipedia.org)
  • Dental caries erode the protective layers of the tooth (ie, enamel, dentin) and allow bacteria to invade the pulp, producing a pulpitis. (medscape.com)
  • Pulpitis can progress to necrosis, with bacterial invasion of the alveolar bone, causing an abscess. (medscape.com)
  • The pulp polyp, also known as chronic hyperplastic pulpitis or proliferative pulpitis, is an uncommon and specific type of inflammatory hyperplasia that is associated with a nonvital tooth. (medscape.com)
  • Pulpal diseases are broadly divided into reversible and irreversible pulpitis and are based on the ability of the inflamed dental pulp to return to a healthy state once the noxious stimulus has been removed. (medscape.com)
  • In contrast to most cases of irreversible pulpitis, the pulp polyp is usually an incidental finding that occasionally mimics reactive and neoplastic diseases of the gingiva and adjacent periodontium. (medscape.com)
  • Tissue necrosis with destruction of the microcirculation that usually accompanies irreversible pulpitis does not occur in part because of this lack of significant intrapulpal pressure. (medscape.com)
  • This leads to inflammation of the pulp known as pulpitis. (cdhp.org)
  • Dental pulp can have different status: Healthy Pulp Reversible pulpitis Irreversible pulpitis Pulpal necrosis low cost viagra Pulp necrobiosis Peri-radicular pain can originate in the dental pulp and/or in the peri-radicular tissues. (sunstoneonline.com)
  • The subsequent inflammatory response (pulpitis) and progression to pulp death (pulp necrosis) is a common cause of dental pain. (racgp.org.au)
  • Pulpitis is an inflammatory disease of the dental pulp, and bacterial infection is considered to be the most important trigger of pulpitis[3]. (researchsquare.com)
  • Without appropriate treatment, pulpitis may result in pulp necrosis, periapical periodontitis and more severe conditions[7]. (researchsquare.com)
  • Decisions regarding the preservation or removal of vital pulp depend on whether the pulpitis is considered reversible or irreversible[10]. (researchsquare.com)
  • Pulpitis is a painful bacterial infection in the pulp chamber. (dentalhealthsociety.com)
  • Irreversible but not reversible pulpitis is associated with upregulation of tumour necrosis factor-alpha gene expression in human pulp. (ijeds.com)
  • A periapical abscess that originates in the dental pulp and is usually secondary to dental caries is the most common dental abscess in children. (medscape.com)
  • Pulp polyps involving the primary, first, and second mandibular molars in a young child with extensive dental caries. (medscape.com)
  • The pulp polyp is the result of both mechanical irritation and bacterial invasion into the pulp of a tooth that exhibits significant crown destruction due to trauma or caries. (medscape.com)
  • Pulpal complications of caries, extensive wear or other external irritation may result in symptomatic or asymptomatic inflammation, followed by partial or progressive pulp tissue degradation and necrosis. (tannlegetidende.no)
  • The chosen treatment modalities of the vital pulp may vary from caries excavation and cavity sealing, partial or complete pulpotomy to pulpectomy, and will be discussed in detail in other articles in this issue dealing with the diagnostics, vital pulp therapies and emergency treatment. (tannlegetidende.no)
  • Odontogenic pain generally arises from three main causes - dental caries, periodontal disease, and pericoronitis. (racgp.org.au)
  • Dental caries, also known as tooth decay, is the destruction of tooth tissue from acid release by bacteria in dental plaque. (racgp.org.au)
  • Dental caries creates a direct pathway for bacteria to irritate pulp tissue. (racgp.org.au)
  • Given the importance of tooth preservation, vital pulp therapies such as pulp capping, pulpotomy, and stepwise excavation of caries may be more appropriate than root canal treatment under some circumstances[8]. (researchsquare.com)
  • In the background, there are various causes, most of which cause the infection of the dental pulp and lead to inflammation, such as in the case of deep caries. (diamantdent.hu)
  • Dental hygiene is an effective preventative method for the maintenance of healthy teeth and gums without caries or inflammation. (gatu.cz)
  • citation needed] The dental pulp is located in the centre of a tooth, made up of living connective tissue and cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • This tissue also becomes ischaemic which suppresses the cellular metabolism in the area of the pulp that is affected. (wikipedia.org)
  • There have been recent reports in the literature regarding the mineral content of dental hard tissue prepared by different laser treatments [ 14 - 20 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • In addition, Ari and Erdemir [ 19 ] reported that the adhesion of dental restorative materials to hard tissue was affected by changes in the mineral content of dentin. (hindawi.com)
  • In recent studies on the mineral contents of dental hard tissue prepared by different laser treatments, permanent teeth have been used [ 14 - 20 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • There are limited studies related to mineral content of dental hard tissue in primary teeth [ 21 - 23 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Pulp revascularization of an immature permanent tooth is another treatment approach that results in the formation of vital pulpal tissue. (medscape.com)
  • The hyperplastic tissue reaction occurs because the young dental pulp has a rich blood supply and favorable immune response that is more resistant to bacterial infection . (medscape.com)
  • Pulp capping promotes the healing of a damaged pulp by creating a barrier over the pulp tissue to allow healing to take place without contamination. (dentalproductsreport.com)
  • In this case, pulp capping agents are placed directly over pulp tissue that is exposed due to decay, trauma, or mechanical damage. (dentalproductsreport.com)
  • Even though dentin is mineralized and the pulp a loose connective tissue, they form a developmentally interdependent and functionally integrated continuum, often referred to as the dentin‐pulp complex, where physiologic and pathologic reactions in one will also affect the other. (tannlegetidende.no)
  • Whereas dentin forms the main body of the tooth, providing support to enamel, resilience under occlusal loads, and physical protection of the pulp against microbes and other noxious substances, the pulp tissue readily reacts to the external irritation, initiating and orchestrating the defensive reactions that aim to keep the tooth functional and protect it from microbial invasion. (tannlegetidende.no)
  • Tertiary dentin increases the mineralized barrier thickness between external irritation and pulp tissue, aiming to retain the pulp tissue vital and non-infected. (tannlegetidende.no)
  • Reactionary dentin is tubular and relatively similar to secondary dentin in structure, while reparative dentin (also called fibrodentin or even "calcified scar tissue" [ 4 ] is believed to be relatively impermeable, forming a barrier between tubular dentin and pulp tissue. (tannlegetidende.no)
  • The tooth pulp is a soft tissue inside the tooth containing blood vessels, nerves, and connective tissue. (cdhp.org)
  • Over time, as the inflammation worsens, the pulp tissue starts to necrose or die from the lack of blood flow. (cdhp.org)
  • Use specialized tools to remove all infected and dead pulp tissue from inside the tooth. (cdhp.org)
  • Orthodontic movement may cause a great number of tissue alterations in the dental pulp. (bvsalud.org)
  • Traditional methods of evaluating the status of dental pulp tissue in clinical practice have limitations. (researchsquare.com)
  • Dental pulp is loose connective tissue in the pulp cavity surrounded by rigid dentin and is necessary for tooth nutrition, innervation, and immunocompetency[1]. (researchsquare.com)
  • When the hard dental tissue is broken, various stimuli may induce pathological changes in dental pulp, which is difficult to heal due to the lack of collateral circulation[2]. (researchsquare.com)
  • If harmful stimuli cannot be removed in time, increasing numbers of immune cells are recruited to the pulp tissue[5] and the immune-inflammatory balance is disrupted. (researchsquare.com)
  • It is well known that excessive heat is detrimental to living tissues such as the dentin-pulp complex and periodontal tissue. (hindawi.com)
  • Endodontology is a branch of science that deals with the anatomy, function and health of the pulp (tooth pulp) or of the periapical tissue (surrounding the tip of the root). (diamantdent.hu)
  • Endodontics focuses on the soft tissue on the inside of a tooth called the dental pulp. (eliteendodonticsnh.com)
  • The primary focus of endodontics is the dental pulp, the soft tissue at the center of a tooth. (eliteendodonticsnh.com)
  • Peri-Implant Diseases and Conditions Peri-implant diseases and conditions relate to soft- and hard-tissue deficiencies, which help predict the success of dental implants in the long term. (merckmanuals.com)
  • Persistent tooth pain is often an indication of damaged or diseased pulp tissue, which can lead to infection if not treated promptly. (ariadentalsa.com)
  • The key products and solutions in the therapeutic dental gear are delicate tissue lasers and all tissue lasers.Comfortable tissue dental machines is made use of in the treatment method of dental troubles. (leapzine.com)
  • Teeth that have total pulpal necrosis are usually asymptomatic except for those that have inflammation which has progressed to the periradicular tissues. (wikipedia.org)
  • In young teeth in which the apex of the root is open, the risk of pulpal necrosis secondary to venous congestion is decreased. (medscape.com)
  • The state of pulp vitality, the amount of pulpal necrosis, and related periapical damage can all impact the outcomes of placing a pulp capping material. (dentalproductsreport.com)
  • Dental abscess is rare in infants because abscesses do not form until teeth erupt. (medscape.com)
  • Pulp polyp involving the permanent second mandibular molar in a young adult with multiple carious teeth. (medscape.com)
  • Do orthodontic movements of traumatized teeth induce dental pulp necrosis? (bvsalud.org)
  • Fourteen teeth from the experimental group showed lack of pulp sensitivity, whereas only one tooth from the control group showed negative pulp sensitivity. (bvsalud.org)
  • Public dental care is limited, with long waiting lists, and can only do scaling and cleaning, extractions and arranging dentures rather than the more expensive procedures like root canals which will save teeth. (racgp.org.au)
  • In practice, this goes beyond the well-known root canal treatment for the prevention of tooth pulp diseases, for the therapy of the still vital tooth and for the treatment of previously unsuccessful root-treated teeth. (diamantdent.hu)
  • No department of physiology or surgery has of late years made greater progress than that connected with the teeth, and this advance has been necessarily attended by a corresponding increase in the literature of the sub- ject, which has now become so voluminous as to form a source of embarrassment to those who are entering upon a course of dental education. (nih.gov)
  • The long-term outcome of replanted avulsed permanent teeth is frequently compromised by lack of revascularization, resulting in pulp necrosis. (elsevierpure.com)
  • These results demonstrate that rhVEGF 165 enhanced neovascularization of severed human dental pulps and suggest that topical application of an angiogenic factor prior to replantation might be beneficial for the treatment of avulsed teeth. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Case description: A 32 years old, male patient had suffered subluxation of teeth 12 and 13 and coronal fracture involving enamel and dentin, as well as pulp exposition, of tooth 14 because of a motorcycle accident. (pucrs.br)
  • The man was given dental assistance and a semi-rigid splinting of teeth numbers 12 and 13 was carried out followed by the root canal treatment in a single visit on tooth no. 14. (pucrs.br)
  • At 30-day follow-up pulp necrosis was detected in teeth 12 and 13 and the root canal treatment was implemented. (pucrs.br)
  • causing damage to the teeth by necrosis , cysts in the dental pulp and also ossification of the root canal. (targetwoman.com)
  • Endodontics is a dental specialty that focuses on the health of the teeth from the inside out. (eliteendodonticsnh.com)
  • An endodontist is a dental specialist who treats teeth from the inside out. (eliteendodonticsnh.com)
  • When we at Aria Dental perform this procedure, our primary goal is to save your natural teeth whenever possible because maintaining your original dentition contributes significantly towards optimal dental health. (ariadentalsa.com)
  • Feeling like your teeth are throwing a surprise ice bucket challenge every time you indulge in a frosty milkshake, or having an unexpected fire drill when sipping on hot tea, isn't just a bothersome mishap-it's a serious dental red flag. (ariadentalsa.com)
  • Our dental hygienist will teach you how to take care of your teeth and gums. (gatu.cz)
  • For this treatment it is also necessary to carry out a previous careful cleaning of the teeth and to rule out previous dental pathologies. (clinicaica.com)
  • This video describes common causes of dental abscesses, including cracked teeth, leaking dental restorations and lateral root canals. (kingsburgsmilecenter.com)
  • Although these commercial products may be more affordable than using professional dental services, these products are usually not quite as effective as professional services and usually take more time to create the desired whitening the teeth. (justia.com)
  • For home dental bleaching, a dental professional creates a customized device using a mold taken from teeth of a user (see for example, U.S. Pat. (justia.com)
  • Background/Aim: Deep carious lesions on primary teeth usually have been causing infectious dental pulp changes. (balkandentaljournal.com)
  • Conclusions: LSTR method has been shown as successful pulpotomy technique for noninstrumental endodontic approach in non-vital pulp treatment of primary molar teeth in a 12-months follow-up period. (balkandentaljournal.com)
  • Fuks AB, Benjamin P. Pediatric Endodontics-Current Concepts in Pulp Therapy for Primary and Young Permanent Teeth. (balkandentaljournal.com)
  • Ritwik P. A review of pulp therapy for primary and immature permanent teeth. (balkandentaljournal.com)
  • Likewise, teeth with luxation injuries require a flexible splint after repositioning in their original position in order to optimise healing outcomes for the periodontal ligament (PDL) and the pulp. (pocketdentistry.com)
  • In mature displaced teeth, pulp necrosis followed by root canal infection and apical periodontitis is expected. (pocketdentistry.com)
  • Protecting your child's teeth now could save you hundreds in future dental expenditures. (amedicalpartner.com)
  • Tooth extraction is done using manual dental instruments, to remove nonviable, nonsalvageable teeth. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Fractured and Avulsed Teeth Fractured and avulsed teeth are dental emergencies that require immediate treatment. (msdmanuals.com)
  • This mucosa corresponding to the regions suggesting partial necrosis, but treatment considered the elimination of teeth #11 and #12 presented a withoutradiographicallyvisibleapical of causal factors such as bacterial normal clinical appearance, without periodontitis1. (bvsalud.org)
  • Normal interstitial fluid pressure in the pulp ranges from 5-20mm Hg, marked increases in pressure in the pulp due to inflammation can go up to 60mm Hg. (wikipedia.org)
  • Following the spread of local inflammation, chemical mediators such as IL-8, IL-6 and IL-1 are released from necrotic tissues leading to further inflammation and odema, which advances to total necrosis of the pulp. (wikipedia.org)
  • If inflammation and infection are present at the site of the treatment, we would ideally expect to see a reduction in both following the pulp cap placement. (dentalproductsreport.com)
  • Then, the DEGs were analysed to identify biological pathways of dental pulp inflammation with Gene Ontology (GO) analysis, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA). (researchsquare.com)
  • Tertiary dentin is formed reactively when dental pulp is stimulated, and a balance exists between inflammation and reparative processes. (researchsquare.com)
  • Different therapies for pulp disease can be selected according to the evaluation of pulp inflammation. (researchsquare.com)
  • Currently, guided by the criteria of the American Association of Endodontists (AAE), medical history and clinical examination are the main methods used to evaluate pulp inflammation severity, considering information such as pain quality and history and responses to pulp sensitivity tests[9]. (researchsquare.com)
  • Possible outcomes of thermal injuries during dental procedures include transient pulpal inflammation, irreversible pulpal inflammation or necrosis [ 2 , 3 ], bone resorption, and tooth ankylosis [ 4 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • In other cases, the pulp itself may be intact, but due to certain effects on the tooth, what is known as "sterile inflammation" or even immediate pulp necrosis occurs. (diamantdent.hu)
  • Interleukin-17 plays a role in pulp inflammation partly by WNT5A protein induction. (shengsci.com)
  • abstract: OBJECTIVE:Our study aimed to investigate the role of interleukin (IL)-17 in dental pulp inflammation and the relationship between WNT5A and IL-17. (shengsci.com)
  • Essentially, a root canal is performed when there are severe cavities that reach the pulp (the central part of your tooth), which can cause infection or inflammation. (ariadentalsa.com)
  • Sequelae of a necrotic pulp include acute apical periodontitis, dental abscess or radicular cyst and discolouration of the tooth. (wikipedia.org)
  • [ 1 ] This is the most common dental abscess in adults, but may occur in children with impaction of a foreign body in the gingiva. (medscape.com)
  • The use of molecular techniques such as 16S rRNA gene sequencing and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) have identified difficult-to-culture organisms and expanded knowledge of the microflora associated with dental abscess. (medscape.com)
  • In children, periapical abscess is the most common type of dental abscess. (medscape.com)
  • This leads to a dental abscess - a pocket of pus forming in the jawbone surrounding the tooth roots. (cdhp.org)
  • As a general rule, the inflammatory nature of most dental disease means NSAIDs are the primary medication for pain relief, with antibiotics given only if there is an obvious abscess or swelling present. (racgp.org.au)
  • Obvious swelling of the right cheek due to dental abscess. (medscape.com)
  • From a cracked tooth, painful dental abscess, to mouth sores or a need for sudden tooth extraction, we're here to swiftly link you with local emergency dentists. (authoritydental.org)
  • Abscess is described as a true dental emergency, requiring urgent care. (kingsburgsmilecenter.com)
  • Spinal abscess and mitral valve endocarditis secondary to asymptomatic fusobacteriuminduced dental abscess. (ijeds.com)
  • The most common clinical signs present in a tooth with a necrosed pulp would be a grey discoloration of the crown and/or periapical radiolucency. (wikipedia.org)
  • Further stages of destruction of pulp necrosis often leads to periapical pathosis, causing bone resorption (visible on radiographs) following bacterial invasion. (wikipedia.org)
  • The periapical lesion will enlarged with time and consequently, the pulp will be diagnosed as necrotic. (wikipedia.org)
  • [ 1 ] Chronic dental periapical infections or dentoalveolar abscesses cause the most common intraoral and extraoral fistulas. (medscape.com)
  • These dental periapical infections can lead to chronic osteomyelitis, cellulitis, and facial abscesses. (medscape.com)
  • Unusual dental malformations may lead to periapical dental infections. (medscape.com)
  • Dens in dente or dens evaginatus, an axial invagination of enamel and dentin into the dental papilla, frequently develops periapical infections, which can lead to sinus tract formation. (medscape.com)
  • Pulp necrosis is a clinical diagnostic category indicating the death of cells and tissues in the pulp chamber of a tooth with or without bacterial invasion. (wikipedia.org)
  • Tissues get starved of oxygen thus causing venules and lymphatics collapse which may lead to localized necrosis. (wikipedia.org)
  • The possible role of a type 1 hypersensitivity reaction has been hypothesized because of an increased presence and concentration of immunoglobulin E (IgE), histamine, and interleukin-4 (IL-4) within the pulp polyps when compared with healthy pulpal tissues. (medscape.com)
  • Most dental disease presents as an inflammatory response in the earlier stages, and infection spreading to surrounding tissues occurs only when there is significant infection of the tooth and gingival tissues. (racgp.org.au)
  • Treatment involves dental cleaning that extends under the gingival (gum) tissues and a vigorous home hygiene program. (merckmanuals.com)
  • Periodontitis associated with endodontic lesions involves a communication between the pulp and periodontal tissues. (merckmanuals.com)
  • METHODS:Immunohistochemical staining was used to detect the expression of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), WNT5A and IL-17 in pulp tissues. (shengsci.com)
  • Death of the pulp tissues (necrosis) is discussed. (kingsburgsmilecenter.com)
  • These are placed over very deep cavity preparations without pulp exposure. (dentalproductsreport.com)
  • During root canal treatment, after anesthesia, the tooth cavity is exposed, its contents are removed, the remaining space (pulp chamber and root canals) is prepared and disinfected, and the entire length is closed. (diamantdent.hu)
  • Methods: A 22-year-old female came to the Conservative Dentistry Clinic at the University of Gadjah Mada Dental Hospital with the chief complaint of upper left molars felt uncomfortable due to the food impaction and the adjacent gingiva of the cavity was enlarged. (jdmfs.org)
  • A cavity, also called tooth decay or a dental carie, is a hole in a tooth. (dentalhealthsociety.com)
  • Once the cavity destroys the dentin of a tooth, it will attack the pulp chamber and root. (dentalhealthsociety.com)
  • Learn what to expect during common dental procedures like cavity fillings, crowns and root canals. (kingsburgsmilecenter.com)
  • In the initial stage of the infection, the pulp chamber is partially necrosed for a period of time and if left untreated, the area of cell death expands until the entire pulp necroses. (wikipedia.org)
  • [ 5 ] recommend a dental examination and radiographs to rule out infection of dental origin to the cutaneous face or neck. (medscape.com)
  • Additionally, the rubber dam helps to keep the patient's mouth dry and comfortable, reducing the risk of infection and enhancing the overall dental experience. (proprofs.com)
  • While the tooth may now be pain-free, bacteria and infection remain active inside the root canals and pulp chamber. (cdhp.org)
  • Treatment with antibiotics alone, without interceptive dental treatment, can lead to more severe episodes of acute odontogenic infection with risk of airway compromise. (racgp.org.au)
  • One of the methods used in the dental workplace to prevent cross-infection is to kill bacteria and fungi, but not spores or some viruses. (ovido.app)
  • When decay or damage to a tooth exposes the dental pulp, even slightly, the tooth is at risk of infection. (eliteendodonticsnh.com)
  • A direct pulp cap may be used to prevent infection in this case. (eliteendodonticsnh.com)
  • Antibiotics are applied to the pulp to prevent infection and the exposed portion of the tooth is filled with composite material. (eliteendodonticsnh.com)
  • When decay or damage to a tooth is close to the dental pulp but not yet exposing it, an indirect pulp cap may be used to prevent infection. (eliteendodonticsnh.com)
  • Root canal therapy or root canal treatment is a medical procedure performed by dental professionals to treat and preserve a tooth that has been severely damaged by tooth decay or infection. (ariadentalsa.com)
  • The aim of the study was to evaluate saliva and serum BAFF levels in patients with oral infection and to monitor them after dental treatments. (ijeds.com)
  • Recently, the epidemiology of B. quintana as an emerging source of human infection has changed because it has been isolated from the dental pulp of a domestic cat ( 3 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Developmental and acquired conditions are associated with dental abscesses in childhood. (medscape.com)
  • Beta-lactamase producing organisms occur in approximately one third of dental abscesses. (medscape.com)
  • Diagnosis and management of unusual dental abscesses in children. (medscape.com)
  • Necrosis is a histological term that means death of the pulp. (wikipedia.org)
  • Bacteria invade the pulp which causes the root canal system to become infected. (wikipedia.org)
  • Treatment of a pulp polyp in a permanent tooth includes either root canal therapy or extraction of the tooth. (medscape.com)
  • A root canal procedure is necessary when the pulp at the core of a tooth becomes infected . (dentalhealthsociety.com)
  • The most important thing a patient can do to extend the life of a root canal is to practice good dental hygiene. (dentalhealthsociety.com)
  • When you have a root canal, your dental professional removes a nerve from the affected tooth. (infectiontalk.net)
  • When the pulp of the tooth gets sick and you have a toothache, you need a dental specialist who is experienced and trained to perform root canal therapy at the highest level. (infectiontalk.net)
  • The treatment planning of the patient were root canal treatment, crown lengthening, direct composite onlay restoration with polyethylene fiber ribbon used as core materials, and dental health education. (jdmfs.org)
  • If bacteria invades the root canal, the inner chamber of a tooth that contains the dental pulp, it can become infected. (eliteendodonticsnh.com)
  • The pulp is removed from the inside of the tooth and the root canal is cleaned out and disinfected. (eliteendodonticsnh.com)
  • Bacteria can invade the root canal of a tooth and infect the dental pulp through decay or damage to the tooth or root structure. (eliteendodonticsnh.com)
  • The term 'root canal' originates from the fact that this dental treatment involves cleaning out the canals inside a tooth's root. (ariadentalsa.com)
  • You'd be surprised to know that over 15 million Americans have had their dental health preserved each year through a procedure often misunderstood, and even feared - the infamous root canal, according to the American Association of Endodontists. (ariadentalsa.com)
  • When we talk about severe dental issues that may necessitate a root canal, there are some key signs to watch out for. (ariadentalsa.com)
  • During a root canal procedure, the damaged or infected pulp inside your tooth is removed to alleviate oral pain. (authoritydental.org)
  • A dental implant is a prosthesis that interfaces with the bone of the jaw or skull to support a dental prosthesis like a crown, bridge, denture, or facial prosthesis or to act as an orthodontic anchor. (thebusinessresearchcompany.com)
  • Necrosis of the pulp, bone resorption, hypo/hyperpigmentation, scarring among many others is the troubles linked with dental lasers.In addition to this, the micro-hardness of the tooth partitions is also afflicted, ensuing in surface area cracks of the tooth. (leapzine.com)
  • The pulp capping agents discussed in this article can be used for indirect and direct pulp caps. (dentalproductsreport.com)
  • Direct pulp capping is a dental procedure where a medicament is placed directly on the exposed pulp of a tooth to promote healing and prevent further damage. (proprofs.com)
  • However, if there is excess bleeding at the exposure site, it can be a contraindication for direct pulp capping. (proprofs.com)
  • Therefore, it is important to control bleeding before attempting direct pulp capping to ensure its success. (proprofs.com)
  • Direct pulp cap. (eliteendodonticsnh.com)
  • Aside from the traditionally discussed dental complications of gum recession, tooth root decay, tooth loss, bite collapse and bad breath, there are now well documented medical complications of periodontal disease, such as heart disease, stroke, diabetes, and peripheral vascular disease. (kingsburgsmilecenter.com)
  • Firstly, it aims to eliminate pain and discomfort caused by the inflamed or infected pulp within the affected tooth. (ariadentalsa.com)
  • These fractures mainly affect the enamel and dentine with pulp exposure occurring in approximately 25% of all crown fractures. (pocketdentistry.com)
  • Enamel or enamel-dentine fracture with possible exposure of the pulp. (pocketdentistry.com)
  • Even with proper dental hygiene practices, our enamel can thing as we age. (desertpearldentistry.com)
  • This review describes the basic structure and physiology of the healthy dental pulp and the principles of the initiation and progression of inflammatory reactions in the low-compliance environment of the pulp chamber and root canals. (tannlegetidende.no)
  • Thereafter, dentin formation continues as secondary dentin at much slower rate throughout life, leading to gradual obliteration of the pulp chamber and root canals [ 1 ]. (tannlegetidende.no)
  • Drill an opening through the biting surface into the pulp chamber and root canals to access the nerve space. (cdhp.org)
  • We're also more likely to develop tooth necrosis, root calcification, and pulp infections as we age. (desertpearldentistry.com)
  • Understanding of the physiology and pathology of the dentin-pulp complex is a prerequisite for proper diagnosis and treatment choice. (tannlegetidende.no)
  • The mechanisms of pain and hypersensitivity, as well as the means that the dentin-pulp complex may react to a repeated or persistent pain-producing irritation, are also discussed. (tannlegetidende.no)
  • The more conservative pulpotomy treatment has been successful in selected cases when only the coronal pulp is affected. (medscape.com)
  • The tooth is typically covered with a dental crown following a pulpotomy. (eliteendodonticsnh.com)
  • Whether a pathological change occurs in dental pulp and the degree of lesions are related not only to the virulence and amount of bacteria but also to the defensive capacity of the host[4]. (researchsquare.com)
  • In the case of the pulp polyp, the disease process is irreversible. (medscape.com)
  • Based on those examinations, 26 necrosis of pulp with gingival polyp diagnosis was made. (jdmfs.org)
  • The mechanical causes that may stimulate this response include a tooth fracture with pulpal exposure or loss of a dental restoration. (medscape.com)
  • citation needed] Tests for a necrotic pulp include: vitality testing using a thermal test or an electric pulp tester. (wikipedia.org)
  • Unaddressed, pulp necrosis can occur, further complicating your condition. (authoritydental.org)
  • Earn up to 1/2 Continuing Education Credit after reading this article about pulp capping materials. (dentalproductsreport.com)
  • This article takes a look at the advantages and disadvantages of the materials used for pulp capping. (dentalproductsreport.com)
  • Those of us who have been in practice for more than a few years have recognized the need for, but also the awkwardness of pulp capping materials. (dentalproductsreport.com)
  • However, prior to discussing new potential additions to the treatment arsenal, this article will review the ideal properties for a pulp capping material. (dentalproductsreport.com)
  • Providing this barrier of protection is one of the key functions required in a pulp capping material. (dentalproductsreport.com)
  • 1,2 With this in mind, bioactivity and biocompatibility are additional desirable properties in a pulp capping material. (dentalproductsreport.com)
  • Throughout many decades, calcium hydroxide was the predominant means of pulp capping for both direct and indirect procedures. (dentalproductsreport.com)
  • The pulp may be partially necrotic for some time. (wikipedia.org)
  • The area of cell death enlarges until the entire pulp is necrotic. (wikipedia.org)
  • Histologic changes were dominated by large irregular stellate or round granulomas with central neutrophil-rich necrosis ( Appendix Figure , panel B ). Granulomas were composed mainly of macrophages, whereas neutrophils in the necrotic areas were fragmented. (cdc.gov)
  • A condition called dental pulp necrosis signals the death of the nerves and blood vessels in the tooth's root. (dentalhealthsociety.com)
  • When the pulp, which houses the nerves and blood vessels of the tooth, becomes infected or inflamed due to decay or injury, it may cause significant discomfort during exposure to hot or cold stimuli. (ariadentalsa.com)
  • Diagnosis and determination of the most appropriate treatment options are based on adjunctive tests, including response to percussion, thermal stimuli, and electric pulp testing. (medscape.com)
  • The technology innovation will reduce the cost of treatment making it affordable to people of all classes thereby driving the general dental devices and equipment market. (thebusinessresearchcompany.com)
  • Before treatment, take an abbreviated medical and dental history. (medscape.com)
  • you should seek dental treatment for the underlying reason of the toothache. (justhealthguide.com)
  • In our dental practice, we follow the latest trends in modern stomatology and use the latest technology and procedures to ensure the highest possible standard of treatment. (gatu.cz)
  • Dental hygiene treatment also facilitates the work of the dentist, giving her much better conditions for carrying out vital health procedures. (gatu.cz)
  • In addition, performing dental procedures at different stages of treatment (before, during, or after) must follow certain protocols in relation to the haematologic… Göteborg (SE): Göteborg University, Institute of Odontology 2002. (jonnevandermeijden.nl)
  • Confirm with patients who have received chemotherapy that their blood tests are normal prior to providing invasive dental treatment. (jonnevandermeijden.nl)
  • The shifting existence and unhealthy routines of persons have enhanced the cases of oral sickness & has increased the demand for dental and oral treatment.The significant lifestyle alterations that have stimulated periodontal conditions contain smoking, inadequate oral cleanliness, and unawareness about dental health and fitness. (leapzine.com)
  • These way of living changes along with growing diabetes prevalence are expected to improve the demand for dental treatment and surgical procedures thus driving the therapeutic dental industry. (leapzine.com)
  • There have been continual technological improvements in dental lasers that are ensuing in a positive affect on the expansion of the dental laser market.For occasion, in 2020, Summus Clinical Laser, the main supplier of large-powered laser treatment products, released the horizon dental laser method, the to start with Course IV treatment laser procedure made particularly for the dental marketplace. (leapzine.com)
  • Vital pulp treatment is the treatment of choice and has high success rates. (pocketdentistry.com)
  • Those on social security and Medicaid/Medicare often have difficulty affording proper dental treatment. (desertpearldentistry.com)
  • A simple randomization method will be used dental assistant who is not participating in the study will have a list of random numbers and will determine the side of the light cure treatment, Blinding description: A dental assistant who does not participate in the study will have a list of random numbers and will determine the side of the light cure treatment .and Will register as a code. (who.int)
  • Inclusion criteria: Children between 2-4 years without significant systemic disease (ASA I and II) who are unable to cooperate in routine dental treatment. (who.int)
  • The negatively to pulp sensitivity tests, performed to resolve the case. (bvsalud.org)
  • However, histopathological examinations have revealed weak correlations between clinical features and pulp status[6]. (researchsquare.com)
  • Which of the following mops would be used to clean the clinical area of the dental environment? (ovido.app)
  • Based on clinical and Currently, there are few the crown of tooth #11, which radiographic information, it was reports on root perforation induced responded negatively to thermal pulp determinedadiagnosisofactive-stage byinternalrootresorptions7,8andthe test, as well as to the vertical and IIRR, as the tooth responded clinical procedures that can be horizontal percussion tests. (bvsalud.org)
  • The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and fibroblast growth factor (FGF-2) on the revascularization of severed human dental pulps. (elsevierpure.com)
  • It is unknown by which process (apoptosis or necrosis) the odontoblasts die. (wikipedia.org)
  • Major part of dentin is intertubular, formed by the dentin-forming odontoblasts at the dentin-pulp border. (tannlegetidende.no)
  • The aim of this study was to clinically assess the incidence of negative pulp sensitivity to cold among maxillary canines in infraocclusion submitted to orthodontic traction. (bvsalud.org)
  • Patients' symptoms reflect the type of dental disease that has occurred. (racgp.org.au)
  • Just as important as the barrier is the need for a material that can help stop the decay process and stimulate pulp cells to form new dentin. (dentalproductsreport.com)
  • When the pulp becomes infected or injured due to dental decay, trauma, or other causes, the blood supply is cut off. (cdhp.org)
  • Nondentists can play a key role in preventing and treating dental trauma, according to a new report by the American Academy of Pediatrics. (medscape.com)
  • Anyone who sees kids in urgent care settings needs to be prepared to treat dental trauma because often no dentist is available and time may be of the essence, they write. (medscape.com)
  • Know when dental trauma requires immediate referral to a dentist. (medscape.com)
  • Cite this: Dental Trauma: Guidelines for Pediatricians Updated - Medscape - Jan 27, 2014. (medscape.com)
  • This procedure, offered at your local 24-hour emergency dental center, also eliminates potential sepsis. (authoritydental.org)
  • Dental pain is a common presentation in medical general practices, with one in seven people attending a medical service in the past 12 months experiencing a toothache, but it can be difficult to successfully diagnose such pain outside of a dental setting. (racgp.org.au)
  • Get instant help with severe toothache, broken tooth, and other dental emergencies. (authoritydental.org)
  • Destruction of the nerve fibres causes neuropeptides to be released into pulp. (wikipedia.org)
  • The global general dental devices and equipment market size will grow from $11.23 billion in 2022 to $12.48 billion in 2023 at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 11.2% . (thebusinessresearchcompany.com)
  • Detailed examinations, such as X-rays and intraoral probing, are required to help physicians distinguish the pain from pain caused by pulp defects. (jonnevandermeijden.nl)