Digitalis
Digitalis Glycosides
Digitoxin
Digoxin
Digitoxigenin
Cardenolides
Lanatosides
Cardiac Glycosides
Cardanolides
Ouabain
Strophanthins
Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase
Strophanthidin
Cardiotonic Agents
Penstemon
Heart Failure
Arrhythmias, Cardiac
Plants, Medicinal
Anti-Arrhythmia Agents
Purkinje Fibers
Bufanolides
Dogs
Heart Block
Tachycardia
Saponins
Rubidium
Glycosides
Effect of beta-blocker on left ventricular function and natriuretic peptides in patients with chronic heart failure treated with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor. (1/49)
To evaluate whether or not beta-blockers can improve the condition of patients with heart failure treated with a combination of diuretics, digitalis and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI), 52 patients with chronic heart failure who have been treated with ACEI for more than 6 months were enrolled. They were divided into 2 groups: 26 patients continued the same therapy another 6 months or more (group A), and 26 patients were given oral metoprolol for 6 months or more, in addition to the ACEI (group B). Echocardiographic parameters and atrial and brain natriuretic peptides (ANP, BNP) were measured. The left ventricular dimensions at end-diastole and end-systole were significantly decreased and fractional shortening was significantly increased in group B after 6 months' treatment with the beta-blocker, but these parameters remained unchanged in group A. Plasma levels of both ANP and BNP were significantly decreased in group B, but remained unchanged in group A. These results indicate that concomitant beta-blocker therapy can improve left ventricular function and attenuate plasma ANP and BNP levels in patients with chronic heart failure treated with ACEI. (+info)Functional replacement of the essential ESS1 in yeast by the plant parvulin DlPar13. (2/49)
A functionally Pin1-like peptidyl-prolyl cis/trans isomerase (PPIase(1)) was isolated from proembryogenic masses (PEMs) of Digitalis lanata according to its enzymatic activity. Partial sequence analysis of the purified enzyme (DlPar13) revealed sequence homology to members of the parvulin family of PPIases. Similar to human Pin1 and yeast Ess1, it exhibits catalytic activity toward substrates containing (Thr(P)/Ser(P))-Pro peptide bonds and comparable inhibition kinetics with juglone. Unlike Pin1-type enzymes it lacks the phosphoserine or phosphothreonine binding WW domain. Western blotting with anti-DlPar13 serum recognized the endogenous form in nucleic and cytosolic fractions of the plant cells. Since the PIN1 homologue ESS1 is an essential gene, complementation experiments in yeast were performed. When overexpressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae DlPar13 is almost as effective as hPin1 in rescuing the temperature-sensitive phenotype caused by a mutation in ESS1. In contrast, the human parvulin hPar14 is not able to rescue the lethal phenotype of this yeast strain at nonpermissive temperatures. These results suggest a function for DlPar13 rather similar to parvulins of the Pin1-type. (+info)Impaired cardiac adrenergic innervation assessed by MIBG imaging as a predictor of treatment response in childhood dilated cardiomyopathy. (3/49)
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the prognostic value of metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) imaging in childhood cardiomyopathy. DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. SETTING: Tertiary referral centre. PATIENTS: 40 children (21 boys, 19 girls; mean (SD) age, 7.0 (5.6) years) with heart failure resulting from idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (n = 23) or various other disorders (n = 17). METHODS: At the initial examination, cardiac (123)I-MIBG uptake and release, circulating noradrenaline (norepinephrine) concentration, x ray cardiothoracic ratio, and echocardiographic variables were recorded. Cardiac MIBG uptake was obtained by measuring the heart to mediastinum activity ratio on the planar image obtained four hours after MIBG injection. MIBG washout rate was evaluated using relative decrease in cardiac activity measured at 20 minutes and four hours. Patients were treated with angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors, diuretics, and digitalis, and were followed up for 12 (10) months. Fifteen patients did not respond to medical treatment (12 heart transplants; three deaths), and 25 did respond (improved or stable). RESULTS: Cardiac MIBG uptake was positively correlated with x ray cardiothoracic index (r = 0.55, p = 0.0008) and echocardiographic left ventricular fractional shortening (r = 0.68, p < 0.0001). Among all the clinical and laboratory variables tested, multivariate discriminant analysis showed that the only independent predictor of an unfavourable outcome was a low MIBG uptake (p < 0.001). Survival curves had a mean threshold value of 1.54 for MIBG uptake. CONCLUSIONS: Impaired cardiac adrenergic innervation is strongly related to adverse outcome in children with dilated cardiomyopathy, independently of the aetiology. MIBG imaging may help to stratify risk in such patients. (+info)In vivo antiarrhythmic profile of AP-792 assessed in different canine arrhythmia models. (4/49)
The antiarrhythmic effects of a novel antiarrhythmic drug AP-792, 4-(5H-dibenzo[a,d]cyclohepten-5-ylidene)-1-[4-cyclohexylbutyl]piperidine hydrochloride, were analyzed using the epinephrine-, digitalis- and two-stage coronary ligation-induced canine ventricular arrhythmia models. Intravenous administration of AP-792 (0.3 or 1.0 mg/kg) effectively suppressed each of the ventricular arrhythmias, an action that resembles that of a typical cardioselective Ca2+ channel blocker, AH-1058. The antiarrhythmic action of AP-792 was slow in onset and longer-lasting than those in our previous studies using more than 50 antiarrhythmic drugs, including Na+ and Ca2+ channel blockers. These results suggest that AP-792 can become a unique long-acting antiarrhythmic drug. (+info)Interaction of Na,K-ATPase catalytic subunit with cellular proteins and other endogenous regulators. (5/49)
Some mechanisms of regulation of Na,K-ATPase activity in various tissues including the phosphorylation of the catalytic subunit of the enzyme by different protein kinases (PKA, PKC, and tyrosine kinase) and the interaction of the alpha-subunit with different proteins (Na,K-ATPase beta- and gamma-subunits, ankyrin, phosphoinositide-3 kinase, and AP-2 protein) and endogenous digitalis-like factors are considered. Special attention is given to the search for possible protein-partners including melittin-like protein and to the mechanism of enzyme regulation connected with the change of Na,K-ATPase quaternary structure. A recently discovered role of Na,K-ATPase as a receptor providing signal transduction inside the cell not only by changing the concentration of biologically significant cations but also using direct interaction of the enzyme with the protein-partners is discussed. (+info)Effects of uremic serum on isolated cardiac myocyte calcium cycling and contractile function. (6/49)
BACKGROUND: Diastolic dysfunction occurs in patients with chronic renal failure. Moreover, serum from uremic patients contains one or more inhibitors of the plasmalemmal Na,K-ATPase (sodium pump). We hypothesized that a circulating substance present in uremic sera contributes to both sodium pump inhibition and diastolic dysfunction. METHODS: Serum samples were obtained from six patients with chronic renal failure and diastolic dysfunction. RESULTS: Their serum samples caused marked inhibition of Na,K-ATPase purified from dog kidney at all concentrations studied (all P < 0.01) and also impaired ouabain-sensitive rubidium uptake by myocytes isolated from Sprague-Dawley rats (P < 0.01). These cardiac myocytes were studied for their contractile function with video-edge detection and calcium metabolism with indo-1 fluorescence spectroscopy after exposure to these uremic sera. These uremic sera caused increases in myocyte fractional shortening (P < 0.01) as well as an increase in the time constant of relengthening (P < 0.01). Examining the calcium transient, the time constant for calcium recovery was also increased (P < 0.01). Exposure of these cells to sera from age- and sex-matched healthy subjects did not result in significant changes in contraction or calcium cycling. Extracts of uremic serum samples inhibited isolated Na,K-ATPase whereas extracts of normal serum samples did not. The effect of uremic serum extracts on contractile function and calcium cycling were quite similar to that of intact serum or the addition of ouabain. Co-incubation of uremic serum extract with an antibody fragment directed against digoxin markedly attenuated the inhibition of Na,K-ATPase activity and completely prevented any effects on calcium cycling or contractile function. CONCLUSION: These data show that one or more substances are present in uremic sera that acutely cause increased force of contraction and impaired recovery of cardiac myocyte calcium concentration as well as impaired relaxation. As these effects are similar to that seen with ouabain and can be prevented by co-incubation with an antibody fragment to digitalis, which also attenuates the sodium pump inhibitory effect, we suggest that this (these) substance(s) circulating in uremic sera and inhibiting the sodium pump also causes the acute diastolic dysfunction seen in our system. (+info)Subgroup interactions in the Heart and Estrogen/Progestin Replacement Study: lessons learned. (7/49)
BACKGROUND: The Heart and Estrogen/Progestin Replacement Study (HERS) showed no overall benefit of postmenopausal hormone treatment in women with coronary heart disease (CHD). We analyzed the HERS data to determine whether there were specific subgroups of women who responded differently to treatment, either during the first year or in the overall study. METHODS AND RESULTS: In the search for significant treatment interactions, we analyzed a total of 86 subgroups defined by baseline characteristics. These included demographics and lifestyle factors, laboratory and physical examination variables, medical history and symptoms by self-report, medication use, and prior CHD history by chart review. We examined within-subgroup treatment effects for baseline variables that significantly interacted with treatment assignment. Under the null hypothesis, 4 (5%) of the 86 interactions would be expected to be nominally significant (P<0.05) by chance alone at each time point. Six of the interaction values were P<0.05 at 1 year, and 3 were P<0.05 at trial completion. The findings are discussed in the context of known mechanisms of action and prior scientific knowledge. Use of digitalis and history of myocardial infarction emerged as 2 possible modifiers of the effect of hormone therapy during the first year, and lipoprotein(a) emerged as a possible modifier during the overall study. CONCLUSIONS: Extensive post hoc analyses did not identify any subgroup of HERS participants in which postmenopausal hormone treatment was clearly beneficial or harmful, but several possibilities emerged for testing in future trials. (+info)Cloning and expression of two novel aldo-keto reductases from Digitalis purpurea leaves. (8/49)
The aldo-keto reductase (AKR) superfamily comprises proteins that catalyse mainly the reduction of carbonyl groups or carbon-carbon double bonds of a wide variety of substrates including steroids. Such types of reactions have been proposed to occur in the biosynthetic pathway of the cardiac glycosides produced by Digitalis plants. Two cDNAs encoding leaf-specific AKR proteins (DpAR1 and DpAR2) were isolated from a D. purpurea cDNA library using the rat Delta4-3-ketosteroid 5beta-reductase clone. Both cDNAs encode 315 amino acid proteins showing 98.4% identity. DpAR proteins present high identities (68-80%) with four Arabidopsis clones and a 67% identity with the aldose/aldehyde reductase from Medicago sativa. A molecular phylogenetic tree suggests that these seven proteins belong to a new subfamily of the AKR superfamily. Southern analysis indicated that DpARs are encoded by a family of at most five genes. RNA-blot analyses demonstrated that the expression of DpAR genes is developmentally regulated and is restricted to leaves. The expression of DpAR genes has also been induced by wounding, elevated salt concentrations, drought stress and heat-shock treatment. The isolated cDNAs were expressed in Escherichia coli and the recombinant proteins purified. The expressed enzymes present reductase activity not only for various sugars but also for steroids, preferring NADH as a cofactor. These studies indicate the presence of plant AKR proteins with ketosteroid reductase activity. The function of the enzymes in cardenolide biosynthesis is discussed. (+info)'Digitalis' is a medication that is derived from the foxglove plant (Digitalis purpurea). It contains cardiac glycosides, primarily digoxin and digitoxin, which have positive inotropic effects on the heart muscle, increasing its contractility. Digitalis is primarily used to treat various types of heart failure and atrial arrhythmias. It works by inhibiting the sodium-potassium pump in heart muscle cells, leading to an increase in intracellular calcium and enhanced cardiac muscle contraction.
It's important to note that digitalis has a narrow therapeutic index, meaning that the difference between a therapeutic and toxic dose is small. Therefore, it requires careful monitoring of serum drug levels and clinical response to ensure safe and effective use. Common side effects include gastrointestinal symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea, as well as visual disturbances and cardiac arrhythmias.
Digitalis glycosides are a type of cardiac glycoside that are derived from the foxglove plant (Digitalis purpurea) and related species. These compounds have a steroidal structure with a lactone ring attached to the molecule, which is responsible for their positive inotropic effects on the heart.
The two main digitalis glycosides used clinically are digoxin and digitoxin. They work by inhibiting the sodium-potassium pump in cardiac muscle cells, leading to an increase in intracellular calcium levels and a subsequent enhancement of myocardial contractility. This makes them useful in the treatment of heart failure and atrial arrhythmias such as atrial fibrillation.
However, digitalis glycosides have a narrow therapeutic index, meaning that there is only a small difference between their therapeutic and toxic doses. Therefore, they must be administered with caution and patients should be closely monitored for signs of toxicity such as nausea, vomiting, visual disturbances, and cardiac arrhythmias.
Digitoxin is a cardiac glycoside drug that is derived from the foxglove plant (Digitalis lanata). It is used in the treatment of various heart conditions, particularly congestive heart failure and certain types of arrhythmias. Digitoxin works by increasing the force of heart muscle contractions and slowing the heart rate, which helps to improve the efficiency of the heart's pumping action.
Like other cardiac glycosides, digitoxin inhibits the sodium-potassium pump in heart muscle cells, leading to an increase in intracellular calcium levels and a strengthening of heart muscle contractions. However, digitoxin has a longer half-life than other cardiac glycosides such as digoxin, which means that it stays in the body for a longer period of time and may require less frequent dosing.
Digitoxin is available in tablet form and is typically prescribed at a low dose, with regular monitoring of blood levels to ensure safe and effective use. Common side effects of digitoxin include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and dizziness. In rare cases, it can cause more serious side effects such as arrhythmias or toxicity, which may require hospitalization and treatment with medications or other interventions.
Digoxin is a medication that belongs to a class of drugs called cardiac glycosides. It is used to treat various heart conditions, such as heart failure and atrial fibrillation, by helping the heart beat stronger and more regularly. Digoxin works by inhibiting the sodium-potassium pump in heart muscle cells, which leads to an increase in intracellular calcium and a strengthening of heart contractions. It is important to monitor digoxin levels closely, as too much can lead to toxicity and serious side effects.
Digitoxigenin is a steroidal compound that is derived from digitalis plants, such as Digitalis lanata and Digitalis purpurea. It is a genin, which means it is a type of cardiac glycoside that does not contain a sugar molecule. Digitoxigenin itself does not have any intrinsic biological activity, but it can be converted into other compounds that do have therapeutic effects.
Digitoxigenin is a key intermediate in the synthesis of several important drugs, including digoxin and digitoxin. These drugs are used to treat various heart conditions, such as congestive heart failure and atrial fibrillation, by increasing the force of heart contractions and slowing the heart rate.
It is worth noting that digitoxigenin and its derivatives can have toxic effects if used inappropriately or in excessive amounts. Therefore, they should only be administered under the close supervision of a qualified healthcare professional.
Cardenolides are a type of steroid compound that are found in certain plants and animals. These compounds have a characteristic structure that includes a five-membered lactone ring, which is attached to a steroid nucleus. Cardenolides are well known for their toxicity to many organisms, including humans, and they have been used for both medicinal and poisonous purposes.
One of the most famous cardenolides is digitoxin, which is derived from the foxglove plant (Digitalis purpurea). Digitoxin has been used as a medication to treat heart conditions such as congestive heart failure, as it can help to strengthen heart contractions and regulate heart rhythm. However, because of its narrow therapeutic index and potential for toxicity, digitoxin is not commonly used today.
Other cardenolides include ouabain, which is found in the seeds of the African plant Acokanthera ouabaio, and bufadienolides, which are found in the skin and parotid glands of toads. These compounds have also been studied for their potential medicinal uses, but they are not widely used in clinical practice due to their toxicity.
It is important to note that cardenolides can be highly toxic to humans and animals, and exposure to these compounds can cause a range of symptoms including nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, seizures, and even death. As such, it is essential to use caution when handling or coming into contact with plants or animals that contain cardenolides.
Lanatosides are a group of cardiac glycosides derived from the digitalis plant, including digitoxin and digoxin. They act on the heart muscle to increase its contractility and decrease its rate of relaxation, which can be useful in treating various heart conditions such as congestive heart failure and atrial fibrillation. However, they must be used carefully due to their narrow therapeutic index and potential for toxicity.
Cardiac glycosides are a group of naturally occurring compounds that have a toxic effect on the heart. They are found in certain plants, including foxglove and lily of the valley, as well as in some toads and beetles. The most well-known cardiac glycoside is digoxin, which is derived from the foxglove plant and is used as a medication to treat heart failure and atrial arrhythmias.
Cardiac glycosides work by inhibiting the sodium-potassium pump in heart muscle cells, leading to an increase in intracellular calcium levels. This increases the force of heart contractions, which can be beneficial in treating heart failure. However, if the dose is too high, cardiac glycosides can also cause dangerous arrhythmias and even death.
It's important for healthcare professionals to carefully monitor patients taking cardiac glycosides, as the therapeutic and toxic doses are very close together. Additionally, certain medications and medical conditions can interact with cardiac glycosides and increase the risk of toxicity.
Cardanolides are a type of steroid compound that are found in certain plants, particularly in the family Apocynaceae. These compounds have a characteristic structure that includes a five-membered lactone ring attached to a steroid nucleus, and they are known for their ability to inhibit the sodium-potassium pump (Na+/K+-ATPase) in animal cells. This property makes cardanolides toxic to many organisms, including humans, and they have been used as heart poisons and insecticides.
One of the most well-known cardanolides is ouabain, which is found in the seeds of several African plants and has been used traditionally as a medicine for various purposes, including as a heart stimulant and a poison for hunting. Other examples of cardanolides include digoxin and digitoxin, which are derived from the foxglove plant (Digitalis purpurea) and are used in modern medicine to treat heart failure and atrial arrhythmias.
It's worth noting that while cardanolides have important medical uses, they can also be highly toxic if ingested or otherwise introduced into the body in large amounts. Therefore, it's essential to use these compounds only under the supervision of a qualified healthcare professional.
Ouabain is defined as a cardiac glycoside, a type of steroid, that is found in the seeds and roots of certain plants native to Africa. It is used in medicine as a digitalis-like agent to increase the force of heart contractions and slow the heart rate, particularly in the treatment of congestive heart failure and atrial fibrillation. Ouabain functions by inhibiting the sodium-potassium pump (Na+/K+-ATPase) in the cell membrane, leading to an increase in intracellular sodium and calcium ions, which ultimately enhances cardiac muscle contractility. It is also known as g-strophanthin or ouabaine.
Strophanthins are a type of cardiac glycosides that are derived from the seeds of various plants in the genus Strophanthus. These compounds have been used in traditional medicine for their cardiotonic and arrhythmogenic effects. They work by inhibiting the sodium-potassium pump in heart muscle cells, which leads to an increase in intracellular calcium levels and a strengthening of heart contractions. Strophanthins are also known to have a negative chronotropic effect, meaning they can slow down the heart rate. They are used in some countries for the treatment of heart failure and arrhythmias, but their use is limited due to their narrow therapeutic index and potential toxicity.
Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase (also known as Na+/K+ ATPase) is a type of active transporter found in the cell membrane of many types of cells. It plays a crucial role in maintaining the electrochemical gradient and membrane potential of animal cells by pumping sodium ions (Na+) out of the cell and potassium ions (K+) into the cell, using energy derived from ATP hydrolysis.
This transporter is composed of two main subunits: a catalytic α-subunit that contains the binding sites for Na+, K+, and ATP, and a regulatory β-subunit that helps in the proper targeting and functioning of the pump. The Na+/K+ ATPase plays a critical role in various physiological processes, including nerve impulse transmission, muscle contraction, and kidney function.
In summary, Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase is an essential membrane protein that uses energy from ATP to transport sodium and potassium ions across the cell membrane, thereby maintaining ionic gradients and membrane potentials necessary for normal cellular function.
Strophanthidin is not a commonly used medical term, but it is a chemical compound that comes from the seeds of certain plants in the strokehantus family. It's a cardiac glycoside, meaning it has a toxic effect on the heart muscle and can affect its rhythm. In the past, it was used as a medication to treat heart failure and arrhythmias, but it has largely been replaced by other drugs that are safer and more effective.
In modern medical practice, Strophanthidin is not typically used clinically due to its narrow therapeutic index, potential for toxicity, and the availability of safer alternatives. It's important to note that the use of Strophanthidin or any other cardiac glycoside should be under the close supervision of a healthcare professional.
Deslanoside is a medication that belongs to a class of drugs called cardiac glycosides. It's a derivative of the natural substance digitoxin, which is found in the foxglove plant (Digitalis lanata). Deslanoside is used to treat heart failure and certain types of irregular heart rhythms (arrhythmias), such as atrial fibrillation or atrial flutter.
The primary mechanism of action for deslanoside, like other cardiac glycosides, is increasing the force of contraction of the heart muscle (inotropic effect) and slowing down the conduction of electrical signals in the heart (negative chronotropic effect). These actions help the heart to pump blood more efficiently, which can improve symptoms of heart failure, such as shortness of breath and fatigue.
Deslanoside is available in oral tablet form and is typically prescribed at a low initial dose, which may be gradually increased based on the patient's response and any potential side effects. Common side effects include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and headache. More serious side effects, such as irregular heart rhythms or toxicity, can occur if the drug is not used carefully or if the dosage is too high. Regular monitoring of electrolyte levels, kidney function, and heart function is essential during deslanoside therapy to minimize the risk of adverse effects.
Cardiotonic agents are a type of medication that have a positive inotropic effect on the heart, meaning they help to improve the contractility and strength of heart muscle contractions. These medications are often used to treat heart failure, as they can help to improve the efficiency of the heart's pumping ability and increase cardiac output.
Cardiotonic agents work by increasing the levels of calcium ions inside heart muscle cells during each heartbeat, which in turn enhances the force of contraction. Some common examples of cardiotonic agents include digitalis glycosides (such as digoxin), which are derived from the foxglove plant, and synthetic medications such as dobutamine and milrinone.
While cardiotonic agents can be effective in improving heart function, they can also have potentially serious side effects, including arrhythmias, electrolyte imbalances, and digestive symptoms. As a result, they are typically used under close medical supervision and their dosages may need to be carefully monitored to minimize the risk of adverse effects.
I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Penstemon" is not a medical term. It is the name of a genus of flowering plants native to North America, also known as beardtongues. They are part of the Plantae kingdom, not related to human health or medicine.
Heart failure is a pathophysiological state in which the heart is unable to pump sufficient blood to meet the metabolic demands of the body or do so only at the expense of elevated filling pressures. It can be caused by various cardiac disorders, including coronary artery disease, hypertension, valvular heart disease, cardiomyopathy, and arrhythmias. Symptoms may include shortness of breath, fatigue, and fluid retention. Heart failure is often classified based on the ejection fraction (EF), which is the percentage of blood that is pumped out of the left ventricle during each contraction. A reduced EF (less than 40%) is indicative of heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), while a preserved EF (greater than or equal to 50%) is indicative of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). There is also a category of heart failure with mid-range ejection fraction (HFmrEF) for those with an EF between 40-49%.
Cardiac arrhythmias are abnormal heart rhythms that result from disturbances in the electrical conduction system of the heart. The heart's normal rhythm is controlled by an electrical signal that originates in the sinoatrial (SA) node, located in the right atrium. This signal travels through the atrioventricular (AV) node and into the ventricles, causing them to contract and pump blood throughout the body.
An arrhythmia occurs when there is a disruption in this electrical pathway or when the heart's natural pacemaker produces an abnormal rhythm. This can cause the heart to beat too fast (tachycardia), too slow (bradycardia), or irregularly.
There are several types of cardiac arrhythmias, including:
1. Atrial fibrillation: A rapid and irregular heartbeat that starts in the atria (the upper chambers of the heart).
2. Atrial flutter: A rapid but regular heartbeat that starts in the atria.
3. Supraventricular tachycardia (SVT): A rapid heartbeat that starts above the ventricles, usually in the atria or AV node.
4. Ventricular tachycardia: A rapid and potentially life-threatening heart rhythm that originates in the ventricles.
5. Ventricular fibrillation: A chaotic and disorganized electrical activity in the ventricles, which can be fatal if not treated immediately.
6. Heart block: A delay or interruption in the conduction of electrical signals from the atria to the ventricles.
Cardiac arrhythmias can cause various symptoms, such as palpitations, dizziness, shortness of breath, chest pain, and fatigue. In some cases, they may not cause any symptoms and go unnoticed. However, if left untreated, certain types of arrhythmias can lead to serious complications, including stroke, heart failure, or even sudden cardiac death.
Treatment for cardiac arrhythmias depends on the type, severity, and underlying causes. Options may include lifestyle changes, medications, cardioversion (electrical shock therapy), catheter ablation, implantable devices such as pacemakers or defibrillators, and surgery. It is essential to consult a healthcare professional for proper evaluation and management of cardiac arrhythmias.
Medicinal plants are defined as those plants that contain naturally occurring chemical compounds which can be used for therapeutic purposes, either directly or indirectly. These plants have been used for centuries in various traditional systems of medicine, such as Ayurveda, Chinese medicine, and Native American medicine, to prevent or treat various health conditions.
Medicinal plants contain a wide variety of bioactive compounds, including alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, terpenes, and saponins, among others. These compounds have been found to possess various pharmacological properties, such as anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anticancer activities.
Medicinal plants can be used in various forms, including whole plant material, extracts, essential oils, and isolated compounds. They can be administered through different routes, such as oral, topical, or respiratory, depending on the desired therapeutic effect.
It is important to note that while medicinal plants have been used safely and effectively for centuries, they should be used with caution and under the guidance of a healthcare professional. Some medicinal plants can interact with prescription medications or have adverse effects if used inappropriately.
Anti-arrhythmia agents are a class of medications used to treat abnormal heart rhythms or arrhythmias. These drugs work by modifying the electrical activity of the heart to restore and maintain a normal heart rhythm. There are several types of anti-arrhythmia agents, including:
1. Sodium channel blockers: These drugs slow down the conduction of electrical signals in the heart, which helps to reduce rapid or irregular heartbeats. Examples include flecainide, propafenone, and quinidine.
2. Beta-blockers: These medications work by blocking the effects of adrenaline on the heart, which helps to slow down the heart rate and reduce the force of heart contractions. Examples include metoprolol, atenolol, and esmolol.
3. Calcium channel blockers: These drugs block the entry of calcium into heart muscle cells, which helps to slow down the heart rate and reduce the force of heart contractions. Examples include verapamil and diltiazem.
4. Potassium channel blockers: These medications work by prolonging the duration of the heart's electrical cycle, which helps to prevent abnormal rhythms. Examples include amiodarone and sotalol.
5. Digoxin: This drug increases the force of heart contractions and slows down the heart rate, which can help to restore a normal rhythm in certain types of arrhythmias.
It's important to note that anti-arrhythmia agents can have significant side effects and should only be prescribed by a healthcare professional who has experience in managing arrhythmias. Close monitoring is necessary to ensure the medication is working effectively and not causing any adverse effects.
'Toxic plants' refer to those species of plants that contain toxic substances capable of causing harmful effects or adverse health reactions in humans and animals when ingested, touched, or inhaled. These toxins can cause a range of symptoms from mild irritation to serious conditions such as organ failure, paralysis, or even death depending on the plant, the amount consumed, and the individual's sensitivity to the toxin.
Toxic plants may contain various types of toxins, including alkaloids, glycosides, proteins, resinous substances, and essential oils. Some common examples of toxic plants include poison ivy, poison oak, nightshade, hemlock, oleander, castor bean, and foxglove. It is important to note that some parts of a plant may be toxic while others are not, and the toxicity can also vary depending on the stage of growth or environmental conditions.
If you suspect exposure to a toxic plant, it is essential to seek medical attention immediately and, if possible, bring a sample of the plant for identification.
Purkinje fibers are specialized cardiac muscle fibers that are located in the subendocardial region of the inner ventricular walls of the heart. They play a crucial role in the electrical conduction system of the heart, transmitting electrical impulses from the bundle branches to the ventricular myocardium, which enables the coordinated contraction of the ventricles during each heartbeat.
These fibers have a unique structure that allows for rapid and efficient conduction of electrical signals. They are larger in diameter than regular cardiac muscle fibers, have fewer branching points, and possess more numerous mitochondria and a richer blood supply. These features enable Purkinje fibers to conduct electrical impulses at faster speeds, ensuring that the ventricles contract simultaneously and forcefully, promoting efficient pumping of blood throughout the body.
Bufanolides are a type of chemical compound that are found naturally in certain plants and animals, particularly in the skin secretions of toads from the genus Bufo. These compounds have a steroid-like structure and can have various pharmacological effects, such as diuretic, anti-inflammatory, and cardiotonic activities. Some bufanolides are also known to have toxic or hallucinogenic properties.
In medical contexts, bufanolides may be studied for their potential therapeutic uses, but they are not currently used as medications in clinical practice due to their narrow therapeutic index and potential toxicity. It is important to note that the use of toad secretions or products containing bufanolides as alternative medicine or recreational drugs can be dangerous and is not recommended.
I believe there might be a misunderstanding in your question. "Dogs" is not a medical term or condition. It is the common name for a domesticated carnivore of the family Canidae, specifically the genus Canis, which includes wolves, foxes, and other extant and extinct species of mammals. Dogs are often kept as pets and companions, and they have been bred in a wide variety of forms and sizes for different purposes, such as hunting, herding, guarding, assisting police and military forces, and providing companionship and emotional support.
If you meant to ask about a specific medical condition or term related to dogs, please provide more context so I can give you an accurate answer.
Diuretics are a type of medication that increase the production of urine and help the body eliminate excess fluid and salt. They work by interfering with the reabsorption of sodium in the kidney tubules, which in turn causes more water to be excreted from the body. Diuretics are commonly used to treat conditions such as high blood pressure, heart failure, liver cirrhosis, and kidney disease. There are several types of diuretics, including loop diuretics, thiazide diuretics, potassium-sparing diuretics, and osmotic diuretics, each with its own mechanism of action and potential side effects. It is important to use diuretics under the guidance of a healthcare professional, as they can interact with other medications and have an impact on electrolyte balance in the body.
Heart block is a cardiac condition characterized by the interruption of electrical impulse transmission from the atria (the upper chambers of the heart) to the ventricles (the lower chambers of the heart). This disruption can lead to abnormal heart rhythms, including bradycardia (a slower-than-normal heart rate), and in severe cases, can cause the heart to stop beating altogether. Heart block is typically caused by damage to the heart's electrical conduction system due to various factors such as aging, heart disease, or certain medications.
There are three types of heart block: first-degree, second-degree, and third-degree (also known as complete heart block). Each type has distinct electrocardiogram (ECG) findings and symptoms. Treatment for heart block depends on the severity of the condition and may include monitoring, medication, or implantation of a pacemaker to regulate the heart's electrical activity.
Tachycardia is a medical term that refers to an abnormally rapid heart rate, often defined as a heart rate greater than 100 beats per minute in adults. It can occur in either the atria (upper chambers) or ventricles (lower chambers) of the heart. Different types of tachycardia include supraventricular tachycardia (SVT), atrial fibrillation, atrial flutter, and ventricular tachycardia.
Tachycardia can cause various symptoms such as palpitations, shortness of breath, dizziness, lightheadedness, chest discomfort, or syncope (fainting). In some cases, tachycardia may not cause any symptoms and may only be detected during a routine physical examination or medical test.
The underlying causes of tachycardia can vary widely, including heart disease, electrolyte imbalances, medications, illicit drug use, alcohol abuse, smoking, stress, anxiety, and other medical conditions. In some cases, the cause may be unknown. Treatment for tachycardia depends on the underlying cause, type, severity, and duration of the arrhythmia.
Saponins are a type of naturally occurring chemical compound found in various plants, including soapwords, ginseng, and many others. They are known for their foaming properties, similar to that of soap, which gives them their name "saponin" derived from the Latin word "sapo" meaning soap.
Medically, saponins have been studied for their potential health benefits, including their ability to lower cholesterol levels, reduce inflammation, and boost the immune system. However, they can also have toxic effects in high concentrations, causing gastrointestinal disturbances and potentially damaging red blood cells.
Saponins are typically found in the cell walls of plants and can be extracted through various methods for use in pharmaceuticals, food additives, and cosmetics.
Apnea is a medical condition defined as the cessation of breathing for 10 seconds or more. It can occur during sleep (sleep apnea) or while awake (wakeful apnea). There are different types of sleep apnea, including obstructive sleep apnea, central sleep apnea, and complex sleep apnea syndrome. Obstructive sleep apnea occurs when the airway becomes blocked during sleep, while central sleep apnea occurs when the brain fails to signal the muscles to breathe. Complex sleep apnea syndrome, also known as treatment-emergent central sleep apnea, is a combination of obstructive and central sleep apneas. Sleep apnea can lead to various complications, such as fatigue, difficulty concentrating, high blood pressure, heart disease, and stroke.
I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Rubidium" is not a medical term. It is a chemical element with the symbol Rb and atomic number 37. Rubidium is a soft, silvery-white metal that is highly reactive and flammable. It is found in trace amounts in minerals such as leucite and pollucite.
While rubidium itself does not have a direct medical application, its radioisotopes (such as rubidium-82) are used in medical imaging, particularly in positron emission tomography (PET) scans, to study heart function and blood flow. However, the term "Rubidium" itself is not used in a medical context to define a condition or disease.
Glycosides are organic compounds that consist of a glycone (a sugar component) linked to a non-sugar component, known as an aglycone, via a glycosidic bond. They can be found in various plants, microorganisms, and some animals. Depending on the nature of the aglycone, glycosides can be classified into different types, such as anthraquinone glycosides, cardiac glycosides, and saponin glycosides.
These compounds have diverse biological activities and pharmacological effects. For instance:
* Cardiac glycosides, like digoxin and digitoxin, are used in the treatment of heart failure and certain cardiac arrhythmias due to their positive inotropic (contractility-enhancing) and negative chronotropic (heart rate-slowing) effects on the heart.
* Saponin glycosides have potent detergent properties and can cause hemolysis (rupture of red blood cells). They are used in various industries, including cosmetics and food processing, and have potential applications in drug delivery systems.
* Some glycosides, like amygdalin found in apricot kernels and bitter almonds, can release cyanide upon hydrolysis, making them potentially toxic.
It is important to note that while some glycosides have therapeutic uses, others can be harmful or even lethal if ingested or otherwise introduced into the body in large quantities.
Digitalis
Digitalis nervosa
Digitalis davisiana
Digitalis lamarckii
Digitalis ferruginea
Carex digitalis
Bullia digitalis
Digitalis canariensis
Alpheus digitalis
Foxy Digitalis
Digitalis cedretorum
P. digitalis
Digitalis lanata
Digitalis parviflora
Niphates digitalis
Digitalis laevigata
Digitalis grandiflora
Digitalis ambigua
Notarcha digitalis
Digitalis mariana
Digitalis minor
Digitalis obscura
Digitalis transiens
Lottia digitalis
Penstemon digitalis
Digitalis purpurea
Cyphella digitalis
Digitalis ciliata
Digitalis lutea
Maculotriton digitalis
Digitalis - Wikipedia
Digitalis nervosa - Wikipedia
Digitalis toxicity: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia
CDC | Case Definition: Digitalis Poisoning
Digitalis Toxicity: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology
Digitalis ciliata - Wikispecies
Digitalis Purpurea chest symptoms - ABC Homeopathy
DIGITALIS Bratislava Data Center in Bratislava | DataCenterJournal
Digitalis x mertonensis | BBC Gardeners World Magazine
Digitalis Purpurea relationships by Hering - ABC Homeopathy
Digitalis purpurea 'Pam's Choice' | BBC Gardeners World Magazine
Dusted Labels [ Digitalis ]
digitalis - DDWorld.cz
Penstemon digitalis - Smooth Penstemon
Digitalis purpurea; Purple Foxglove
CDC | Case Definition: Digitalis Poisoning
Digitalis purpurea; Purple, Common Foxglove
SEINet Portal Network - Agalinis digitalis
Digitalis purpurea ( Sutton's Apricot Common Foxglove ) : Backyard Gardener
Plant Profile for Digitalis purpurea 'Dalmatian Mix' - Foxglove Perennial
Digitalis f nyg ppel a Szigeten - Index F rum
Plant Profile for Digitalis purpurea 'Pam's Choice' - Foxglove Perennial
Digitalis purpurea "Camelot" - by Amie R Gillingham from FOTM Foxglove art exhibit
Foxy Digitalis - Rafael Toral
Digitalis purpurea 'Candy Mountain'
Foxglove Beardtongue (Penstemon digitalis) - 02 - Wild Flowers of Sleepy Hollow Lake From All-Creatures.org
Digitalis parviflora ‘Milk Chocolate’
Purpurea9
- The best-known species is the common foxglove, Digitalis purpurea. (wikipedia.org)
- The Flora Europaea originally recognised a number of species now seen as synonyms of Digitalis purpurea, or others: D. dubia, D. leucophaea, D. micrantha and D. trojana. (wikipedia.org)
- Digitalis purpurea L. Digitalis sceptrum L.f. (wikipedia.org)
- In the last full monograph of the genus in 1965, Werner classified the 19 recognised species in five sections (four species from Macaronesia were separated in the genus Isoplexis at the time): In the section Digitalis, along with the type species D. purpurea, four other species (as recognised as the time) were placed: D. thapsi, D. dubia, D. heywoodii and D. mariana. (wikipedia.org)
- Below are the main rubriks (i.e strongest indications or symptoms) of Digitalis Purpurea in traditional homeopathic usage , not approved by the FDA. (abchomeopathy.com)
- These are relationship sections of other remedies that refer to Digitalis Purpurea . (abchomeopathy.com)
- Digitalis Purpurea Digit . (abchomeopathy.com)
- increases the anxiety caused by Digitalis Purpurea Digit . (abchomeopathy.com)
- The photographer's identification Digitalis purpurea has not been reviewed. (berkeley.edu)
Foxglove7
- Digitalis x mertonensis bears the typical tall spikes of large foxglove flowers but in an unusual crushed strawberry shade. (gardenersworld.com)
- Digitalis 'Pam's Choice' is one of the best foxglove cultivars available. (gardenersworld.com)
- Foxglove Beardtongue (Penstemon digitalis) - 02) In this photo of the foxglove beardtongue we can see five petals that form the tubular corolla (the petals taken collectively). (all-creatures.org)
- Digitalis obscura (Sunset Foxglove) is a shrubby perennial boasting lovely racemes of nodding, rust-brown to yellow or orange-yellow flowers with red veins within. (gardenia.net)
- Not sure which Digitalis (Foxglove) to pick? (gardenia.net)
- Foxglove was the original source of the drug digitalis. (msdmanuals.com)
- Like many other medications, digitalis was originally derived from a plant (foxglove). (medscape.com)
Penstemon1
- A lovely addition to fresh floral arrangements, Penstemon digitalis grows to two or three feet tall in all soil types, in full sun or light shade and its tubular flowers attract long-tongued bees such as honeybees, bumblebees and mason bees as well as hummingbirds. (wildflowerfarm.com)
Plantaginaceae1
- Digitalis nervosa is a species of flowering plant in family Plantaginaceae. (wikipedia.org)
Toxicity18
- Digitalis toxicity can be a side effect of digitalis therapy. (medlineplus.gov)
- Digitalis toxicity can be caused by high levels of digitalis in the body. (medlineplus.gov)
- A lower tolerance to the drug can also cause digitalis toxicity. (medlineplus.gov)
- People may also develop digitalis toxicity if they have other risk factors. (medlineplus.gov)
- A low level of potassium in the body can increase the risk of digitalis toxicity. (medlineplus.gov)
- Digitalis toxicity may also develop in people who take digoxin and have a low level of magnesium in their body. (medlineplus.gov)
- Any problem that affects how your kidneys work (including dehydration ) makes digitalis toxicity more likely. (medlineplus.gov)
- Some plants contain chemicals that can cause symptoms similar to digitalis toxicity if they are eaten. (medlineplus.gov)
- Contact your provider if you are taking a digitalis medicine and you have symptoms of toxicity. (medlineplus.gov)
- Goldberger AL, Goldberger ZD, Shvilkin A. Digitalis toxicity. (medlineplus.gov)
- Electrocardiographic manifestations: Digitalis toxicity. (cdc.gov)
- The incidence of digitalis toxicity has declined in recent years, due to decreased use along with improved technology for monitoring of drug levels and increased awareness of drug interactions. (medscape.com)
- Nevertheless, cardiac glycoside toxicity continues to be a problem in the United States because of the wide use of digoxin (a preparation of digitalis) and its narrow therapeutic window. (medscape.com)
- Acute digitalis toxicity can result from unintentional, suicidal, or homicidal overdose of the digitalis preparation digoxin, or accidental ingestion of plants that contain cardiac glycosides. (medscape.com)
- Alterations in cardiac rate and rhythm from digitalis toxicity may reproduce almost every known mechanism of dysrhythmia. (medscape.com)
- Bidirectional tachycardia in a patient with digitalis toxicity. (medscape.com)
- Visual aberration often is an early indication of digitalis toxicity. (medscape.com)
- Digitalis toxicity is not a laboratory diagnosis but a clinical diagnosis. (medscape.com)
Foxy Digitalis1
- The Seltzer Salon is a concise, conversational podcast hosted by Brad Rose and produced by Foxy Digitalis. (rss.com)
Digoxin5
- The term digitalis is also used for drug preparations that contain cardiac glycosides, particularly one called digoxin, extracted from various plants of this genus. (wikipedia.org)
- You are more likely to have this condition if you take digoxin, digitoxin, or other digitalis medicines along with drugs that interact with it. (medlineplus.gov)
- Drugs with evidence of a link to depression include interferon (IFN)-alpha, corticosteroids, and digitalis/digoxin. (medscape.com)
- Two nonrandomized studies reported a significant association of digitalis/digoxin with depression. (medscape.com)
- Digoxin and digitoxin are the main digitalis products. (medscape.com)
20231
- 2023. Digitalis ciliata in Kew Science Plants of the World Online . (wikimedia.org)
Lanata3
- Digitalis lamarckii Ivanina Digitalis lanata Ehrh. (wikipedia.org)
- Digitalis lanata subsp. (kew.org)
- Cited as Digitalis lanata. (kew.org)
Parviflora1
- Digitalis obscura L. Digitalis parviflora Jacq. (wikipedia.org)
Grandiflora2
- Digitalis grandiflora Mill. (wikipedia.org)
- Digitalis × macedonica Heywood Digitalis × media Roth Digitalis × pelia Zerbst & Bocquet Digitalis × purpurascens Roth Digitalis × sibirica (Lindley) Werner had been considered a valid species since it was first described by the English botanist and gardener John Lindley in 1821, but it was considered a hybrid of D. grandiflora and D. laevigata by the German botanist Klaus Werner [de] in 1960. (wikipedia.org)
Plants3
- Digitalis (/ˌdɪdʒɪˈteɪlɪs/ or /ˌdɪdʒɪˈtælɪs/) is a genus of about 20 species of herbaceous perennial plants, shrubs, and biennials, commonly called foxgloves. (wikipedia.org)
- As of 2017, Plants of the World Online recognises the following 27 species (and a number of hybrids): Digitalis atlantica Pomel Digitalis canariensis L. Digitalis cariensis Boiss. (wikipedia.org)
- These plants and lily of the valley (which is similar but less toxic) contain digitalis glycosides. (msdmanuals.com)
Lutea1
- Digitalis lutea L. Digitalis mariana Boiss. (wikipedia.org)
Benth2
- Agalinis digitalis (Benth. (swbiodiversity.org)
- Gerardia digitalis Benth. (swbiodiversity.org)
Digitoxin1
- Digitoxin is another form of digitalis. (medlineplus.gov)
Poisonous2
- Is Digitalis poisonous? (gardenersworld.com)
- Important Info : The leaves of this plant are poisonous and the source of the medicinal drug digitalis. (backyardgardener.com)
Ciliata2
- Albach, Bräuchler & Heubl Digitalis ciliata Trautv. (wikipedia.org)
- также медиафайлы в категории Digitalis ciliata на Викискладе . (wikimedia.org)
Nervosa3
- Digitalis minor L. Digitalis nervosa Steud. (wikipedia.org)
- Digitalis nervosa are perennials from a woody rootstock, generally producing a single stem 30 to 80 cm tall with hairless (glabrous) foliage. (wikipedia.org)
- In the wild Digitalis nervosa flowers in July and August. (wikipedia.org)
Laevigata1
- Digitalis laevigata Waldst. (wikipedia.org)
Ferruginea2
- Digitalis davisiana Heywood Digitalis ferruginea L. Digitalis fuscescens Waldst. (wikipedia.org)
- Digitalis ferruginea subsp. (botanikfoto.com)
20212
- Convegno 2021: "Homo digitalis - tge munta la plurilinguitad per el? (hepvs.ch)
- Il «Convegno 2021», organisà da la SAP dal Vallais envida perscrutadras e perscrutaders, persunas d'instrucziun ed ulteriuras specialistas e specialists da sa confruntar cun dumondas da la promoziuns da la chapientscha linguistica e culturala en in mund digital. (hepvs.ch)
Mertonensis1
- Grow Digitalis x mertonensis in moist but well-drained soil in partial shade. (gardenersworld.com)
Species1
- He included two sections, a section Isoplexis including two species, and the main section Digitalis with three subsections, including 2Y species, a number of which are now seen as synonyms or hybrids. (wikipedia.org)
Serum1
- A case in which digitalis in serum samples is detected, as determined by a commercial laboratory. (cdc.gov)
Ventures5
- Mars and Digitalis Ventures announced the launch of Companion Fund II, a $300 million dollar venture capital fund that will back founders whose companies are leveraging breakthrough science, technology and design to improve the lives of pets, pet owners and veterinarians. (petfoodindustry.com)
- The new fund will be independently managed by Digitalis Ventures focusing on both early and growth-stage startups with an ambition to support portfolio companies with differentiated expertise throughout their development, while allowing them to maintain their independence, speed and flexibility. (petfoodindustry.com)
- Companion Fund II will support even more startups through their growth phases- confirming Mars' ongoing commitment to support pet care innovators and its long-term partnership with Digitalis Ventures. (petfoodindustry.com)
- Digitalis Ventures is encouraging founders of early-stage animal health firms seeking venture capital to visit digitalisventures.com/animal-health for more information. (petfoodindustry.com)
- We're excited to announce the promotion of both Amit Bansal and Sam Bjork to Partner at Digitalis Ventures. (digitalis.us)
Latin1
- The generic epithet Digitalis is from the Latin digitus (finger). (wikipedia.org)
Exposure1
- A clinically compatible case in which a high index of suspicion (credible threat or patient history regarding location and time) exists for digitalis exposure, or an epidemiologic link exists between this case and a laboratory-confirmed case. (cdc.gov)
Preparations1
- Folk healers and physicians have used digitalis preparations for over 200 years to treat various illnesses. (medscape.com)
Dialysis1
- Dialysis may be needed to reduce the level of digitalis in the body. (medlineplus.gov)
Mars1
- Prior to Digitalis, Amit was at Mars, Inc. in both strategy and innovation roles. (digitalis.us)
Heart2
- Digitalis is a medicine that is used to treat certain heart conditions. (medlineplus.gov)
- Digitalis strengthens the force of contractions of weakened hearts, but it is not a cardiac vitamin that can make a strong heart stronger. (medscape.com)
Include1
- DIGITALIS Bratislava services include: professional remote hands, cabinet racks, space for your office, and hosting for individual servers. (datacenterjournal.com)
Native1
- Digitalis is native to Europe, Western Asia, and northwestern Africa. (wikipedia.org)