Dipsacaceae
Inflorescence
Asteraceae
Cytotoxic triterpenoid saponins from the roots of Cephalaria gigantea. (1/13)
Three new oleanane-type saponins, giganteosides L (1), M (2) and N (3) along with eight known ones were isolated from the roots of Cephalaria gigantea. Their structures were established as 3-O-[beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1-->2)-beta-D-glucuronopyranosyl]-28-O-[beta-D-gluc opyranosyl-(1-->6)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl]-oleanolic acid, 3-O-[beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1-->2)-beta-D-glucuronopyranosyl]-28-O-[beta-D-gluc opyranosyl-(1-->6)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl]-hederagenin, 3-O-[alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->2)-beta-D-glucuronopyranosyl]-28-O-[beta-D-gluc opyranosyl-(1-->6)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl]-hederagenin, respectively, by means of spectroscopic methods (1D and 2D NMR, HR-ESI-MS). Cytotoxic activity of monodesmosides was investigated in vitro using three cancer cell lines, namely, human non pigmented melanoma MEL-5 and human leukemia HL-60. Giganteosides D (4) and E (5) showed antiproliferative effect on human cell lines with IC(50) values in the range 3.15-7.5 microM. (+info)Apoptosis and cytolysis induced by giganteosides and hederacolchisides in HL-60 cells. (2/13)
The viability, cytolysis and apoptosis-mediated cellular death induced by giganteosides D and E (Gig-D and Gig-E) and hederacolchisides A and A1 (Hcol-A and Hcol-A1) were analysed in HL-60 cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The end-point metabolic (WST1) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assays were used. Cell cycle analysis and apoptosis were measured by flow cytometry, DNA laddering and caspase-3 analyses. RESULTS: the HL-60 cell line was more sensitive to Hcol-A1 and Gig-D (IC50 3-5 microM) than to Gig-E and Hcol-A (IC50 8-13 microM; WST1 assay). This was related to LDH release. The induction of apoptosis could be detected without caspase-3 activation after 24 h of treatment. DNA fragmentation could be detected only with Gig-D. With Hcol-A1 and Gig-D, an accumulation of cells in the S-phase and an increase of cells in sub-G1 peak were observed. By the annexinV-fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)/7-amino-actinomycin D (AAD) assay, the majority of cells were in late apoptosis with Gig-D, and in necrosis with Hcol-A1. CONCLUSION: Hcol-A1 is more cytotoxic than Gig-D, followed by Gig-E and finally Hcol-A. This is related to a membrane permeabilization effect, leading to cytolysis. (+info)On the chemical constituents of Dipsacus asper. (3/13)
Bioassay-guided fractionation of 95% EtOH extract from the roots of Dipsacus asper lead to the isolation of some phenolic acids (caffeic acid, 2,6-dihydroxycinnamic acid, vanillic acid, 2'-O-caffeoyl-D-glucopyranoside ester, and caffeoylquinic acid) as the major active components, and five new iridoid glucoside dimers (1-5) and one new iridoid glucoside monomer (6), other known iridoid glycosides loganin, cantleyoside, triplostoside A, lisianthioside, 6'-O-beta-D-apiofuranosyl sweroside, as well as triterpenoids oleanic acid and akebiasaponin D. The structures of new compounds 1-6 were determined as dipsanosides C (1), D (2), E (3), F (4), G (5), and 3'-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl sweroside (6) by spectroscopic, including 1D and 2D NMR techniques, and chemical methods. (+info)Towards resolving the Knautia arvensis agg. (Dipsacaceae) puzzle: primary and secondary contact zones and ploidy segregation at landscape and microgeographic scales. (4/13)
(+info)Effects of the dichloromethane fraction of Dipsaci Radix on the osteoblastic differentiation of human alveolar bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells. (5/13)
Dipsaci Radix is the dried root of Dipsacus asper Wall. It has been used in Korean herbal medicine to treat bone fractures. In this study, we examined the effect of the dichloromethane fraction of Dipsaci Radix (DR(DM)) on the osteoblastic differentiation of human alveolar bone marrow-derived MSCs (ABM-MSCs). The ABM-MSCs were isolated from healthy subjects and cultured in vitro, followed by phenotypic characterization. They showed a fibroblast-like morphology and expressed CD29, CD44, CD73, and CD105, but not CD34. Calcified nodules were generated in response to both dexamethasone (DEX) and DR(DM). There was a significant increase in the alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and protein expression of bone sialoprotein (BSP) and osteocalcin (OC) in response to DEX and DR(DM) as compared to control. These results provide evidence for the osteogenic potential of cultured ABM-MSCs in response to DR(DM). Also, an active single compound was additionally isolated from DR(DM). The single compound (hederagenin 3-O-(2-O-acetyl)-alpha-L-arabinopyranoside) also significantly increased ALP activity and the level of protein expression of BSP and OC. These results highlight the possible clinical applications of DR(DM) and hederagenin 3-O-(2-O-acetyl)-alpha-L-arabinopyranoside in bone regeneration. (+info)Diversification of CYCLOIDEA-like genes in Dipsacaceae (Dipsacales): implications for the evolution of capitulum inflorescences. (6/13)
(+info)A new iridoid glycoside from the roots of Dipsacus asper. (7/13)
(+info)Therapeutic effects of radix dipsaci, pyrola herb, and Cynomorium songaricum on bone metabolism of ovariectomized rats. (8/13)
(+info)Dipsacaceae is a family of plants commonly known as the teasel or teazle family. It includes annual, biennial, and perennial herbs, as well as some shrubs and small trees. The plants in this family are characterized by their opposite leaves that often clasp the stem, and their distinctive flower heads that contain both disk and ray flowers.
The family Dipsacaceae has been merged with several other plant families in recent classifications, including Caprifoliaceae (honeysuckle family) and Valerianaceae (valerian family). Therefore, some modern sources may not recognize Dipsacaceae as a separate family. Instead, the plants that were once classified in Dipsacaceae are now often included in the expanded family Caprifoliaceae.
Inflorescence is a term used in the field of botany, which includes the study of plants. However, I understand that you are asking for a medical definition. In the context of medicine, specifically in pathology, inflorescence may refer to the arrangement or growth pattern of lesions or neoplasms (abnormal growths) in a particular area of the body.
To provide a precise medical definition, I would need more context about how the term is being used. Nonetheless, based on the botanical definition, inflorescence refers to the cluster or arrangement of flowers on a stem or branch. It can take various forms, such as spikes, racemes, panicles, umbels, and corymbs, depending on the pattern in which flowers are arranged.
Asteraceae is a family of flowering plants commonly known as the daisy family or sunflower family. It is one of the largest and most diverse families of vascular plants, with over 1,900 genera and 32,000 species. The family includes a wide variety of plants, ranging from annual and perennial herbs to shrubs and trees.
The defining characteristic of Asteraceae is the presence of a unique type of inflorescence called a capitulum, which resembles a single flower but is actually composed of many small flowers (florets) arranged in a dense head. The florets are typically bisexual, with both male and female reproductive structures, and are radially symmetrical.
Asteraceae includes many economically important plants, such as sunflowers, daisies, artichokes, lettuce, chicory, and ragweed. Some species of Asteraceae are also used in traditional medicine and have been found to contain bioactive compounds with potential therapeutic uses.
It's worth noting that the taxonomy of this family has undergone significant revisions in recent years, and some genera and species have been moved to other families or renamed.